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北京市昌平区2020届高三二模英语试题
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昌平区 2020 年高三年级第二次统一练习
英语试卷
本试卷满分 120 分，考试时间 100 分钟
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Human beings love the world of nature that surrounds___1___ (we), and we enjoy seeing the wild world up close. When people wish to interact with a wild creature, an easy method is to attract it with some food. However, feeding wild animals is dangerous and unwise. The first problem is that animals are not meant to eat the same foods as people do. Many cheap human snacks, like fries and bread, are just not good for animals. Also, animals ___2___ are fed by humans will lose their fear of people. This makes them easy targets for hunters,___3___ it’s also possible that they could someday attack people.
【答案】1. us 2. that/which
3. and
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章说明了人类热爱我们周围的自然世界，我们喜欢近距离观赏野生世界。当人们希望与野生动物互动时，一个简单的方法就是用食物吸引它。文章说明了喂养野生动物的一些缺点。
【1题详解】
考查代词。句意：人类热爱我们周围的自然世界，我们喜欢近距离观赏野生世界。此处为动词surround的宾语，指代“我们”应用代词us。故填us。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：而且，被人类喂养的动物也会失去对人类的恐惧。本句为定语从句修饰先行词animals，且先行词在从句中作主语，指代动物应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：这使得它们很容易成为猎人的目标，而且它们也有可能在某一天攻击人类。结合上下文语境可知为递进关系，所以用连词and。故填and。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Bob___4___ (sort) through some of his old stuff. During the process, he came across a box full of old toys and journals, as well as some old photos from his childhood. Holding one of the photos, Bob started to look back upon the very day this photo___5___ (take) 30 years ago, and he got really emotional. It was the day he first learned how to ride a bike. In the park, his father patiently pushed his bike from behind as Bob had trouble riding on his own. Bob kept falling from the bike, but his father was always there,___6___ (encourage) him. Eventually, he got the hang of it. Bob thought it was the best day of his life at the time.
【答案】4. was sorting
5. was taken
6. encouraging
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者看到照片，回忆自己30年前学骑自行车的情况。
【4题详解】
考查过去进行时态。句意：鲍勃正在整理他的一些旧东西。根据下文中的During the process可知句子用现在进行时态，且主语是Bob，单数第三人称，故填was sorting。
【5题详解】
考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：拿着其中一张照片，鲍勃开始回想起30年前拍摄这张照片的那天，他非常激动。句中the very day this photo___2___ (take) 30 years ago是定语从句，从句主语this photo是单数第三人称，和take之间是被动关系，再根据30 years ago，可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was taken。
【6题详解】
考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：鲍勃不断从自行车上摔下来，但他的父亲总是在那里鼓励他。句中主语his father和encourage之间是主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语，故填encouraging。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Recycling paper is a great way to help the environment, but reusing things___7___ (make) from paper is even better. Take a copy of magazine, for example. Once you ___8___ (finish) reading it, don’t put it in your recycling bin. Instead, consider sharing it ___9___ people who haven’t read it, or giving it to your school library so that your classmates can take a look. Alternatively, you could find a completely ___10___(differ) use for the magazine’s pages. Some readers have used them to wrap gifts for their friends and family, picking pages with colourful pictures to make the presents look bright.
【答案】7. made
8. finish/have finished
9. with 10. different
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章以一份杂志为例，介绍了几种重复使用纸张，制成东西的方法。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：回收纸张是保护环境的好方法，但重复使用纸张制成的东西更好。分析句子结构，空后是定语，修饰things；things和make之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语；make是不规则变化动词，过去分词为made。故填made。
【8题详解】
考查时态。句意：一旦你看完了，不要把它放进回收箱。在once引导的时间状语从句中，主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时表示将来时；根据句意，也可用现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作。故填finish/have finished。
【9题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：相反，你可以考虑和没有看过它的人分享，或者把它送给学校图书馆，这样你的同学就可以看一看。根据句意，是短语share sth. with sb. “和某人分享……”。故填with。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：或者，你可以为杂志的页面找到一个完全不同的用途。修饰名词use，应用形容词形式。故填different。
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A few days before Christmas 2012, I found myself in Walmart. It was the last ___11___I wanted to be, especially during the chaos of last-minute Christmas shopping. It had been a little more than a month since my husband was laid off.
The school my kids attended asked if we needed help for Christmas, and we ___12___. If not for them, our kids would not have had Christmas gifts.
My children were with me that day at Walmart. Our cupboards were bare, and I had only eighty dollars to ____13____ a family of six for a week. It’s not impossible to ___14___, but certainly not comfortable. It leaves little ___15___ for anything extra. Yet, it was Christmas, and my kids asked if they could buy a present for their dad. How could I say “no”? I found a gift box of their dad’s favorite cologne and hoped I could ___16___ it. Lucky for me, my husband doesn’t have expensive___17___.
My husband worked very hard to___18___ for us, and I stayed home. It wasn’t by ___19___ . Having two children on the autism spectrum makes it difficult for me to work. Doctors’ appointments, therapy schedules, and school meetings make it near impossible to _____20_____ a regular work schedule. So, when he was laid off, things got very _____21_____ quickly. He wasn’t without a job long, but the _____22_____ of income for a couple of weeks certainly put a stress on our family.
As I chose my groceries, I kept a running total in my head. As my cart (手推车) filled, my _____23_____ rose. The more I thought about it, the less _____24_____ it was that I would be able to buy a gift for my husband.
When I went to the checkout, I set aside the cologne gift box. My kids______25______, but I didn’t have much of a choice. My heart_____26_____ when the grocery total was indeed too high for us to buy the gift, but an angel was waiting in the wings.
What happened left me speechless, and being the _____27_____ type, speechless is rare for me. A man_____28_____ us, put four twenty-dollar bills into my hand and happily exclaimed, “Merry Christmas!” He left so fast that I didn’t _____29_____ have a chance to say, “Thank you.”
A wave of emotion came over me as I _____30_____the cologne gift set to the belt. We were thrilled, and my husband had a Christmas present. Wherever there is a human being, there is an opportunity for a kindness.
11. A. place B. moment C. season D. station
12. A. refused B. answered C. accepted D. ignored
13. A. warm B. feed C. help D. inspire
14. A. respond B. appreciate C. purchase D. accomplish
15. A. room B. excuse C. energy D. courage
16. A. offer B. afford C. owe D. earn
17. A. bill B. collection C. taste D. clothes
18. A. stand B. compete C. prepare D. provide
19. A. choice B. mistake C. heart D. nature
20. A. create B. design C. maintain D. discover
21. A. smooth B. tight C. unexpected D. simplified
22. A. increase B. discount C. steadiness D. absence
23. A. regret B. anxiety C. blame D. complaint
24. A. likely B. important C. necessary D. difficult
25. A. cheered B. followed C. protested D. supported
26. A. lost B. calmed C. beat D. sank
27. A. outgoing B. optimistic C. talkative D. hardworking
28. A. approached B. guided C. pleased D. trusted
29. A. ever B. even C. once D. already
30. A. threw B. cancelled C. recommended D. added
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D
【解析】
本文是记叙文。因为丈夫失业，家庭开支紧张。作者想要给丈夫买一盒古龙水作圣诞礼物，但是买不起。最后一位天使帮助了她。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我最不想去的地方，尤其是在圣诞采购时到处都是一片乱哄哄的期间。A. place地点；B. moment时刻；C. season季节；D. station车站。根据下一句“It had been a little more than a month since my husband was laid off.”丈夫失业，家里开支紧张，作者最不想去的是超市这种地方。故选A项。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们上学的学校问我们圣诞节是否需要帮助，我们接受了。 A. refused拒绝；B. answered回答；C. accepted接受；D. ignored忽视，不理睬。根据下一句If not for them, our kids would not have had Christmas gifts.可知，如果不接受帮助的话，孩子们就不会有圣诞礼物。因此作者接受了学校的帮助。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的橱柜里已经没有东西了，我只有80美元来为一个六口之家提供一个星期的食物。A. warm使温暖；B. feed为……提供充足的食物；C. help帮助；D. inspire激励。根据上文Our cupboards were bare可推断，作者只有80美元可以用来为家人提供一个星期的食物。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不是不可能做到的，但肯定让人不舒服。A. respond回应；B. appreciate欣赏；C. purchase购买；D. accomplish完成，实现，达到。根据下文but certainly not comfortable可知，作者可以做到只用80美元买一家六口的一个星期的食物。故选D项。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样就没有购买任何额外的东西的余地了。A. room空间，余地；B. excuse借口；C. energy精力；D. courage勇气。用80美元买一家六口一个星期的食物，就不可能购买任何其他的东西了。故选A项。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我找到了他们爸爸最喜欢的古龙水礼盒，希望我能买得起。 A. offer提供；B. afford付得起钱；C. owe欠钱；D. earn挣钱。根据上文可知，作者没有额外的钱买其他的了，因此希望能够买得起这一盒古龙水。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我丈夫没有昂贵的品味。A. bill账单；B. collection收藏；C. taste品味；D. clothes服装。作者知道丈夫平时品味也不是很高，不会购买很昂贵的东西。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的丈夫非常努力地工作来养活我们，我呆在家里。此处考查“动词+介词for”的短语辨析。A. stand for代表；B. compete for为……竞争； C. prepare for 为……准备；D. provide for 为……提供。根据下文“Having two children on the autism spectrum makes it difficult for me to work.”可知，作者不能出去工作，一家人是依靠丈夫提供经济来源。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：这不是我的选择。此处考查“介词by+名词”的短语辨析。A. by choice出于选择；B. by mistake错误地；C.by heart牢记；D. by nature 天生地，生性。根据下一句“Having two children on the autism spectrum makes it difficult for me to work.”，有两个自闭症患儿让作者无法选择，只好呆在家里。故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：预约医生、治疗计划和学校会议几乎不可能维持正常的工作日程。A. create创造；B. design设计；C. maintain维持，保持；D. discover发现。因为忙于两个自闭症患儿的事情，如果要出去工作，很难维持正常的工作时间。故选C项。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 所以，当他失业时，情况马上变得非常紧张。A. smooth光滑的；B. tight紧的；C. unexpected出乎意料的；D. simplified简化的。根据上文“I had only eighty dollars to 3 a family of six for a week.”可知，因为丈夫失业，家里用度很紧张。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失业的时间并不长，但连续两三周周没有收入无疑给我们的家庭带来了压力。A. increase增加；B. discount折扣；C. steadiness稳定；D. absence缺乏。根据上一句“he was laid off”，丈夫失业，自然没有收入。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我的手推车堆满了，我也越来越焦虑了。A. regret后悔，遗憾；B. anxiety焦虑；C. blame责备；D. complaint抱怨。根据上一句“I kept a running total in my head.”可知，因为购买的东西多了，作者就在盘算还能不能为丈夫买圣诞礼物，因此感到焦虑。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我越想越不可能给我丈夫买礼物。A. likely可能的；B. important重要的；C. necessary必要的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“I had only eighty dollars to 3 a family of six for a week.”可知，作者只有80美元，要度过一个星期，因此购买的东西越多，就越不可能给丈夫买礼物了。less likely意思为“不太可能”。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们抗议，但我没有太多选择。A. cheered欢呼；B. followed跟随；C. protested抗议；D. supported 支持。根据上文“ my kids asked if they could buy a present for their dad.”，开始是孩子们提议给丈夫买个礼物，这时作者将古龙香水盒子放在一边，不打算买，所以孩子们就抗议。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心头一沉，因为购物总额对于我们来说实在太高了，我们买不起这份礼物。A. lost失去；B. calmed平静下来；C. beat击败；D. sank下沉。因为不能为丈夫购买礼物，作者感到心头不快。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为健谈的人，说不出话来对我来说是很少见的。A. outgoing外向的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. talkative健谈的；D. hardworking努力的。根据“speechless is rare for me.”作者很少说不出话来，因此可知，作者是很能说的人。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个男人走近我们，把四张20美元的钞票塞到我手里，高兴地喊道：“圣诞快乐!”A. approached走近；B. guided引导，带领；C. pleased使高兴；D. trusted信任。按常理，只有靠近作者，才能将钱塞进她手里。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他走得太快了，我甚至没机会说一声“谢谢”。A. ever曾经；B. even甚至；C. once一次；D. already已经。此处even加强语气，强调那位好心人离开得太快了。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我把那套古龙水礼品加到输送带上时，一股激情涌上心头。 A. threw扔掉；B. cancelled取消；C. recommended推荐；D. added加上，补充。根据上文When I went to the checkout, I set aside the cologne gift box.作者先是把古龙水放在一边，不准备买。这时有了好心人的帮助，她就将古龙水又加到结账时放商品的输送带上了。故选D项。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Every summer, we invite young writers to join our team for our six-week summer program. Think of yourself as an extension of our team where you will be writing main Youngzine articles.
We will work with you and after the first 1-2 articles, most of our young writers are up and running on their own. We will be selecting 4-6 young writers to join our team this year and will guide you through the experience. Does this sound like a challenge you are up to? First, let’s answer some questions that you might have.
How Old Should I Be?
Most of our Young Editors are typically 13-17 years of age. You will be writing on politics, science, environment and other current events which will require you to read and understand the background material. If you have strong writing skills, are part of your school newspaper or see yourself as a future journalist, this is for you!
How Long Is the Program?
It is a six-week program from July to mid-August, where you will be writing one article a week. We understand summer is also a time for vacations, and we are flexible as long as you inform us in advance.
What Do We Expect from a Young Editor?
Good writing skills and the ability to communicate your thoughts clearly are most important since you are writing for other young readers. We use current events to explain the underlying context or a concept, so you will need to put your research hats on. It is important that articles be unprejudiced and state all points of view of an issue. And of course, your articles have to be original—no copying! We will send you guidelines if you are selected. A few benefits of being a summer writer:
Your work will be seen by young readers all over the world.
Your knowledge of topics deepens, broadens and widens as you research and write articles.
Is that reason enough to want to join? Send us an email to editor@youngzine.org.
Please contact us by June 10 if you are interested.
31. What do we know about the summer program?
A. It is a vacation-free program.
B. It lasts for almost three months.
C. It is mainly designed for college students.
D. It asks participants to finish one article per week.
32. The summer program expects the editors who _______.
A. express their thoughts effectively B. understand all points of a concept
C. are curious about research methods D. have broad knowledge of many topics
33. The passage intends to _______.
A. hold a writing activity B. help sharpen writing skills
C clarify the qualities of editors D. call for summer young writers
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个号召青年作家的参与的暑期项目，介绍了项目的参与年龄限制、项目的持续时间、项目对编辑的期待以及暑期写作的几个好处等情况。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中It is a six-week program from July to mid-August, where you will be writing one article a week.可知这是一个为期六周的项目，从7月到8月中旬，你将每周写一篇文章。由此可知，暑期项目要求参与者每周完成一篇文章。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中Good writing skills and the ability to communicate your thoughts clearly are most important since you are writing for other young readers.可知良好的写作技巧和清晰表达自己想法的能力是最重要的，因为你是在为其他年轻读者写作。由此可知，这个暑期项目期望编辑能有效地表达自己的想法。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Every summer, we invite young writers to join our team for our six-week summer program.可知每年夏天，我们都会邀请年轻作家加入我们的团队，参加我们为期六周的暑期项目。结合文章主要为介绍一个号召青年作家的参与的暑期项目，介绍了项目的参与年龄限制、项目的持续时间、项目对编辑的期待以及暑期写作的几个好处等情况。由此可推知，这篇文章意在号召青年作家在夏季参加这个项目。故选D。
B
“If you could have any three things, what would you want?” Eleven-year-old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking that question, but it’s not a game. She asks it at nursing homes in the Harrison, Arkansas, where she lives. Even more amazing, she then sets out to make the residents’ wishes come true.
Ruby Kate has long been close to older folks. Her mother, Amanda Chitsey works at nursing homes in northwest Arkansas, and Ruby Kate often stays with her in the summer. The Chitseys learned that many nursing home residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries. So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it. “I’ve never found them scary at all, so I’m able to just go up to them and ask if they need anything,” she says.
She started by asking residents what three things they wanted most in the world. Amanda worried that people would ask for cars and other things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide. Instead, they asked for chocolate bars, McDonald’s fries, and pants that fit properly.
“It broke me as a human,” Amanda says. “We left the nursing home that day and went straight to a store and bought as many items as we could.”
Using their own money, the Chitseys granted the wishes of about 100 people in three months. Then they started asking for donations.
The good people of Harrison responded enthusiastically, so much that Amanda set up a GoFundMe page, Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents, hoping to collect $5,000. They hit their goal in a month. After GoFundMe named Ruby Kate a Kid Hero and promoted her story nationwide this past January, Three Wishes raised $20,000 in 24 hours and more than $250,000 in five months. With those funds, the Chitseys were able to get more creative: One resident asked for a man cave, so they got him a Walkman and stocked his fridge with snacks. Another wanted to go to a friend’s out-of-state wedding; they gave her money for gas and food.
Earlier this year, Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents became a nonprofit and launched its first nationwide chapters. One of its new goals is to set up a communal laptop in one nursing home in each state. Ruby Kate doesn’t plan to stop there. Actually, besides Ruby Kate, more youngsters are involved in helping others as a hobby. At one high school, students turned a single dollar into a truly inspirational act.
34. Why did the Chitseys decide to ask and meet the residents’ wishes?
A. It was Amanda’s duty to do that. B. The residents’ stories moved them.
C. They wanted to do something for the poor there. D. They had a close relationship with the residents.
35. Amanda said “It broke me as a human,” in Para.4, probably because _______.
A. the wishes were simple B. the wishes were in her plan
C. she couldn’t realize the wishes D. she couldn’t help her daughter
36. From last two paragraphs, we know the Chitseys _______.
A. started a page to get profit B. wrote stories about nursing homes
C. appealed to more people to join them D. carried out their project across the world
37. The story mainly inspires people to _______.
A. accompany the senior B. deliver kindness to others
C. treasure what they have D. be optimistic toward life
【答案】34. C 35. A 36. C 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了Ruby Kate Chitsey和她的家人一起帮助养老院的居民实现他们的愿望，得到了许多同样好心的人的支持的事情。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中The Chitseys learned that many nursing home residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries. So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it. “I’ve never found them scary at all, so I’m able to just go up to them and ask if they need anything,” she says.可知Chitseys夫妇了解到，许多养老院的居民连最小的奢侈品都买不起。所以Ruby Kate决定做点什么。她说:“我从没觉得他们很可怕，所以我可以走过去问他们是否需要什么。”由此可知，Chitseys一家决定去询问并满足居民的愿望，是因为他们想为那里的穷人做些事情。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Amanda worried that people would ask for cars and other things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide. Instead, they asked for chocolate bars, McDonald’s fries, and pants that fit properly.可知Amanda担心人们会向她要汽车和其他一个11岁的孩子无法提供的东西。相反，他们要求要巧克力棒、麦当劳薯条和合身的裤子。由此可推知，Amanda说“It broke me as a human”，可能是因为这些愿望很简单。故选A。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents, hoping to collect $5,000. They hit their goal in a month. After GoFundMe named Ruby Kate a Kid Hero and promoted her story nationwide this past January, Three Wishes raised $20,000 in 24 hours and more than $250,000 in five months.可知“给Ruby居民的三个愿望”希望能募集到5000美元。他们在一个月内达到了目标。今年1月，GoFundMe将Ruby Kate命名为“儿童英雄”，并在全国推广了她的故事。之后，三个愿望在24小时内筹集到了2万美元，在5个月内筹集到了25万美元。以及最后一段中Earlier this year, Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents became a nonprofit and launched its first nationwide chapters. 可知今年早些时候，“给Ruby居民的三个愿望”成为了一个非营利组织，并在全国范围内成立了第一个分会。由此可推知，Chitseys一家通过募集捐款和成立分会来呼吁更多的人加入他们。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容记叙了Ruby Kate Chitsey和她的家人一起帮助养老院的居民实现他们的愿望，得到了许多同样好心的人的支持的事情。由此可推知，这个故事主要是激励人们向他人传递爱心和善意。故选B。
C
Infections that cross over from other species are a deadly problem. The new coronavirus(冠状病毒) is the latest example of a disease that jumped from animals into humans. When infections do this, they can be deadly—and 2019-nCoV is no exception.
Nearly all viruses and bacteria that infect other organisms are completely harmless to people. But a tiny proportion can infect us and cause so-called zoonotic diseases, which come from animals rather than people. Such diseases are a massive problem. They make around 2.5 billion people ill every year and kill 2.7 million. Not all zoonotic diseases cause serious illness, but the Ebola virus, for example, currently kills most of those it infects.
One reason zoonotic viruses can be this deadly is that we lack pre-existing immunity( 免疫) to them. Another is that these viruses aren’t adapted to humans. Viruses that normally circulate among people can develop to become less deadly, as this helps them spread. “They don’t want you to drop dead within a day because you won’t pass it to anyone else,” says Chris Coleman at the University of Nottingham, UK.
To get infected, people need to come into contact with the animal the virus usually infects. This is most likely with domesticated animals. Camels carry the MERS coronavirus that causes sporadic human cases, for instance.
Many viruses that jump into people, like MERS, seldom spread from person to person. They can still infect thousands, though. Rabies is mostly passed on by dog bites, but kills 60,000 people a year. Others, such as Ebola, can spread from person to person, but aren’t very good at it and so cause relatively small outbreaks. The 2019 coronavirus, by contrast, appears quite good at spreading from person to person. We don’t know how deadly it is yet.
Biologists have been warning for decades about the risks of animal viruses spreading to people. There is good reason to worry. The last global pandemic(传染病), the 2009 flu that killed up to 400,000 people, was caused by a strain of flu that came from pigs. And that flu is thought to be a descendant of the 1918 flu, which came from birds. HIV, which has infected about 75 million people, is now thought of as a human virus. But it jumped from chimpanzees into humans relatively recently, in the 1930s.
Coleman thinks there is little we can do to stop people coming into contact with animals that may carry dangerous viruses. “It’s very difficult to control that,” he says. Instead, he says we need to have vaccines( 疫苗) ready in advance. This could mean creating vaccines that are effective against a wide range of viruses and developing vaccines that require only minor changes to work against a new viral strain, much like annual flu vaccines.
38. What does the underlined word “circulate” in Para.3 probably mean?
A. Pass on. B. Attack each other.
C. Die away. D. Work together.
39. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People must keep away from wild animals.
B. The majority of viruses are a massive problem.
C. The 2009 flu had no connection with the 1918 flu.
D. Vaccines are an effective option to fight against viruses.
40. The passage mainly aims to _______.
A. analyze the origins of viruses
B. explain the consequence of diseases
C. draw people’s attention to zoonotic viruses
D. persuade people to protect the wild animals
41. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. How Are Vaccines Made?
B. Viruses Infected from Animals
C. A Global Health Emergency
D. Why Isn’t There a Coronavirus Vaccine Yet?
【答案】38. A 39. D 40. C 41. B
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了来自动物的人畜共患疾病致命的原因，并列举出历史上从动物传染给人类的一些病毒，以警告人们动物病毒传播给人类所带来的风险。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后的句子“…as this helps them spread. “They don’t want you to drop dead within a day because you won’t pass it to anyone else,”（ 因为这有助于它们的传播。 “它们（病毒）不希望你在一天之内就死掉，因为你不会把它传给其他人。）”，句中的spread和pass it to anyone else 意思为“传播”。因此可以推测，circulate意思为“传播”。故选A项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“he says we need to have vaccines( 疫苗) ready in advance. This could mean creating vaccines that are effective against a wide range of viruses and developing vaccines that require only minor changes to work against a new viral strain,（科尔曼认为我们需要疫苗提前做好准备。这可能意味着要研制能够有效对抗多种病毒的疫苗，以及开发只需稍加改变就能对付新病毒毒株的疫苗。）”可知，研发疫苗是对抗病毒的有效选择。故选D项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段中“a tiny proportion can infect us and cause so-called zoonotic diseases,”说明了一小部分感染其他生物体的病毒和细菌会感染我们，引发人畜共患疾病；第三段中提到人畜共患疾病致命的原因“One reason zoonotic viruses can be this deadly is that we lack pre-existing immunity( 免疫) to them. Another is that these viruses aren’t adapted to humans.（人畜共患病毒可能致命的一个原因是我们缺乏预存免疫力。另一个原因是这些病毒不适应人类。）”；第六段提出生物学家一直在警告动物病毒传播给人类的风险。文章是关于人畜共患疾病的致命原因和风险。因此文章的目的是引起人们对人畜共患病毒的关注。故选C项。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。文章首句提出“Infections that cross over from other species are a deadly problem. （来自其他物种的感染是一个致命的问题）”。下文介绍了从动物到人类传染的疾病——人畜共患疾病的致命的原因，并且举出曾经发生过的动物传播给人类的病毒的例子。因此文章是关于从动物传播到人类的病毒，标题应该为“从动物感染的病毒”。故选B项。
D
How many more people can we squeeze onto our fragile planet? Surely, the Earth must be full? Pretending that human numbers can grow forever, with no ill-effects, is at best innocent and at worst utterly irresponsible.
Biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution, deforestation, water and food shortages — these are all worsened by our huge and ever-increasing numbers. Yet governments and most environmental groups choose to sidestep this giant elephant in the room. The human population was just 2.6 billion in 1950. But it has been 7.7 billion today and according to the UN it will reach 9.7 billion by 2050 and 11.2 billion by the end of the century. Where will so many people live? How will we feed them?
Unless we diffuse this “population bomb”, by the end of the century we will need several Earths to survive. But we can’t have several Earths, and so we will face a future of increasing poverty, food shortages, conflict and environmental degradation.
Admittedly, not everyone agrees with the UN’s predictions. But even the doubters calculate that the human population will grow to 8 or 9 billion sometime between 2040 and 2060. Ultimately, there has to be a limit.
The good news is that the human populations of about two dozen countries, from Poland and Italy to Cuba and Japan, are now decreasing. But that’s not true of most countries. The cradle of overpopulation is in Africa, which is where more than half of global population growth is expected to occur: from 1.3 billion people in 2020 to 4.3 billion in 2100.
The solution isn’t rocket science. There are two drivers of population growth: birth rates and longevity. We all aim to grow old, after all, but we can reduce birth rates. That’s not to say that anyone should be denied the right to have many children as they like. But it’s a fact that wherever women are empowered and literated, have help with family planning and have access to medical care, they generally choose to have fewer children. And the birth rate falls.
So why the stony silence? Why such a failure of leadership from governments and environmental groups? I think it’s for two reasons. First, calls for population control are often believed racist: relatively rich people in the developed world blaming poor people in the developing world. Second, it is often thought insincere. The problem is as much about consumerism as it is about population growth: westerners are consuming more and more, so it appears as if they are blaming the poor for the excesses of the rich. Most population growth is, indeed, taking place among those who consume almost nothing. But the uncomfortable truth is that we all need to consume much less.
Whatever the complications, we urgently need a UN Framework Convention on Population, just as we have for climate change. Either we limit our population growth or the natural world will do it for us.
42. What are the first three paragraphs mainly about?
A. Environmental degradation made by humans.
B. The increasing poverty coming with illnesses.
C. The problems resulting from the growing population.
D. Water shortages caused by climate change and pollution.
43. How do governments react to human population?
A. They are too busy with other problems to solve it.
B. They avoid seeking solutions to reduce population.
C. They know the consequence and face the problem.
D. They think the population will decline in the future.
44. What is practical for birth control according to the passage?
A. Consuming much less than before.
B. Removing the right to have more children.
C. Decreasing population in developed areas.
D. Educating women and providing health care.
45. What is the author’s attitude to the ever-increasing human population?
A. Neutral. B. Concerned.
C. Skeptical. D. Indifferent.
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. D 45. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。人口增长会带来各种问题，这些都会因我们庞大且不断增加的人口数量而更加恶化。无论问题有多复杂，我们都迫切需要一个联合国人口框架公约，就像我们对气候变化所做的那样。要么我们限制人口增长，要么自然世界替我们做这件事。
【42题详解】
段落大意题。根据第一段中Pretending that human numbers can grow forever, with no ill-effects, is at best innocent and at worst utterly irresponsible.“假装人口数量会永远增长，不会产生不良影响，往好里说是无辜的，往坏里说是完全不负责任的。”第二段中Biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution, deforestation, water and food shortages — these are all worsened by our huge and ever-increasing numbers. “生物多样性丧失、气候变化、污染、森林砍伐、水和粮食短缺——这些都因我们庞大且不断增加的人口数量而更加恶化。”和第三段Unless we diffuse this “population bomb”, by the end of the century we will need several Earths to survive.“除非我们扩散这颗“人口炸弹”，否则到本世纪末，我们将需要几个地球才能生存。”由此可知，前三段讲述的是人口增长所带来的各种问题。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Yet governments and most environmental groups choose to sidestep this giant elephant in the room.“然而，各国政府和大多数环保组织都选择回避这个棘手的问题。”由此可知，政府避免寻求减少人口的解决方案。故选B。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中But it’s a fact that wherever women are empowered and literated, have help with family planning and have access to medical care, they generally choose to have fewer children. And the birth rate falls.“但事实是，无论妇女在哪里获得权力和知识，在计划生育方面得到帮助，获得医疗保健，她们通常会选择少生孩子。出生率下降。”由此可知，根据这篇文章，教育妇女和提供保健是节育的实用方法。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Whatever the complications, we urgently need a UN Framework Convention on Population, just as we have for climate change. Either we limit our population growth or the natural world will do it for us.“无论问题有多复杂，我们都迫切需要一个联合国人口框架公约，就像我们对气候变化所做的那样。要么我们限制人口增长，要么自然世界替我们做这件事。”由此可知，作者对日益增长的人口持“关心的”态度。故选B。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
All book writing has to start somewhere, and the best place to kick off your manuscript (原稿) is by coming up with a great idea.___46___ It can be an article you read from your local newspaper, a conversation you overheard at Starbucks, a recent experience you had during a vacation, etc. Your overall idea should be narrowed down to one-to-two paragraphs, similar to the back cover copy you find on most books. When writing books, the idea is king. Always remember that.
___47___ This doesn’t just mean fictional characters—memoirs (回忆录) and nonfiction books still have characters, even if those characters are based on real people. When you write your own book, you must ask yourself what makes this character unique, what is the No. 1 thing this character wants and what difficulties must he or she overcome to reach it. Readers love imperfect, yet relatable characters.
___48___
Maybe the most crucial step in the steps to writing a book, setting a deadline and sticking to it is essential. ____49____ Too many writers say they are going to write a book and, after starting strong, find excuses as to why they stopped (or are on a super-long pause from writing books). There are definitely reasonable reasons that could prevent you from book writing—help needed in the family, a health issue, etc. But if you’re serious about writing a book, you have to make time for it. Deadlines will push you to do just that.
You can spend as much time as you want reading tips for writing a book, how to write books and how to edit your novel—and you should spend some time doing that. You should invest in studying the craft and learning how to write a bestseller.___50___ Do it during your lunch break. Do it while waiting for the kids at soccer practice. Do it after everyone goes to bed. There’s no official book writing model, there’s just you, a pen and a paper (or a computer, of course).
A. Strive to make your characters as interesting as possible.
B. But you’ll never write a book if you don’t spend time writing.
C. Now discover our best tips for how to write a book effectively.
D. It’s time to further your writing career by diving deeper into deadline.
E. Book ideas come in all shapes and sizes and can be found anywhere.
F. It’s the difference between serious writers and those who are merely dreamers.
G. How to start writing a book begins with an idea, but your idea needs to be carried out with well-developed characters.
【答案】46. E 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。所有的写书都要从某个地方开始，而开始写手稿的最好地方就是想出一个好主意。文章主要就如何写出一本书提出了一些建议。
【46题详解】
根据后文It can be an article you read from your local newspaper, a conversation you overheard at Starbucks, a recent experience you had during a vacation, etc.可知可以是你在当地报纸上读到的一篇文章，在星巴克无意中听到的一段对话，最近一次度假的经历等等。由此可知，书的想法随处可见，形式各不相同。故E选项“书的想法有各种各样的形式和大小，而且随处可见”符合上下文语境，故选E。
【47题详解】
根据后文This doesn’t just mean fictional characters—memoirs and nonfiction books still have characters, even if those characters are based on real people. When you write your own book, you must ask yourself what makes this character unique, what is the No. 1 thing this character wants and what difficulties must he or she overcome to reach it. Readers love imperfect, yet relatable characters.可知这不仅仅意味着虚构的人物——回忆录和非虚构类书籍仍然有人物，即使这些人物是基于真实的人。当你写自己的书时，你必须问问自己是什么让这个角色与众不同，这个角色最想要的是什么，为了达到这个目标他或她必须克服什么困难。读者喜欢不完美但能引起共鸣的角色。由此可知，要想写一本书，首先你要用文字来完善你的想法。故G选项“如何开始写一本书从一个想法开始，但是你的想法需要用完善的文字来实现”符合上下文语境，故选G。
【48题详解】
根据上文Readers love imperfect, yet relatable characters.可知读者喜欢不完美但能引起共鸣角色。由此可知，本句承接上文说明如何创造角色。上文中characters可对应到A选项中characters。故A选项“努力让你的角色尽可能有趣”符合上下文语境，故选A。
【49题详解】
根据上文Maybe the most crucial step in the steps to writing a book, setting a deadline and sticking to it is essential.可知也许在写书的步骤中最关键的一步是，设定一个期限并坚持完成它是至关重要的。以及后文Too many writers say they are going to write a book and, after starting strong, find excuses as to why they stopped (or are on a super-long pause from writing books).可知很多作家说他们打算写一本书，在开始的时候很强烈，然后找借口说为什么他们不写了（或者长时间不写书）。由此可知，设定一个写书期限并坚持完成它是至关重要的，这也是严肃作家和那些找借口不去实践的梦想家的区别。故F选项“这就是严肃作家和梦想家的区别”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【50题详解】
结合上文You can spend as much time as you want reading tips for writing a book, how to write books and how to edit your novel—and you should spend some time doing that.可知你可以花多少时间阅读写书的技巧，如何写书，如何编辑你的小说——而且你应该花些时间去做这些。由此可知，本段旨在强调写书需要投入实践，如果不花时间，永远写不出一本书。上文中spend some time可对应到B选项spend time。故B选项“但如果你不花时间写作，你永远写不出一本书”符合上下文语境，故选B。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节（15 分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友 Jim 在邮件中谈到近年来全球掀起的剩食运动（Waste No Food Movement），例如：推行打包及食物共享文化、鼓励购买即期品，并将厨余分类回收后加以利用。请你回邮件，说明你对此现象的看法，内容包括：
1. 你对剩食运动的看法；
2. 你或者你周围人做法。
注意 ：1．词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词： leftover n. 剩余食物; adj. 剩余的
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s great to hear from you. I’m strongly supportive of “Waste No Food Movement” for the following two reasons.
To begin with, food shortage is a problem concerning the whole world, so we should take every small action to save food. Besides, the movement appeals to people to classify and recycle food waste, which is obviously wonderful to protect the environment.
In my life, I’ve witnessed many practical acts. For example, while eating outside, we tend to pack leftovers. Nowadays, more and more Chinese are practicing garbage classification. We put the leftover aside to make it possible and easier to reuse.
What do you think of the movement? Looking forward to your brilliant idea.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求给朋友回邮件。
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友 Jim 在邮件中谈到近年来全球掀起的剩食运动（Waste No Food Movement），例如：推行打包及食物共享文化、鼓励购买即期品，并将厨余分类回收后加以利用。请你回邮件，说明你对此现象的看法，内容包括：1. 你对剩食运动的看法； 2. 你或者你周围人的做法。
第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词（组），如：strongly supportive, food shortage, save food, appeals to, classify and recycle, protect the environment, practical acts, pack leftovers, garbage classification.
第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如the movement appeals to people to classify and recycle food waste, which is obviously wonderful to protect the environment.运用了非限制性定语从句；while eating outside, we tend to pack leftovers.是状语从句的省略；We put the leftover aside to make it possible and easier to reuse.运用了it作形式宾语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节 （20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。停课期间，妈妈过生日，你在学习之余给妈妈准备了丰盛生日晚餐。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇稿件，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于 60。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】During the winter vacation, my father and I celebrated my mother’s birthday, which made me feel great.
At eight that morning, I was about to study when suddenly my father came into my room and whispered to me that day was my mother’s birthday. Wow! It was time for me to celebrate it for her. I decided to bake a birthday cake and prepare a rich family dinner in person. After finishing all my work, I learned how to bake a cake on line without delay. It took me a long time to make it. And then, I was immediately busy preparing all dishes.
The moment my mother stepped into, the celebration began. My father expressed his best wishes with a bunch of roses. My mother was moved with tears rolling in her eyes, seeing all we had done. Chatting merrily, we were immersed in the warm atmosphere.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于图画作文。
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。停课期间，妈妈过生日，你在学习之余给妈妈准备了丰盛的生日晚餐。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇稿件，记述整个过程。
第二步：根据图片确定文章内容和关键词语，第一幅图要表达爸爸告诉作者今天是妈妈的生日；第二幅图表达作者从网上搜寻如何制作蛋糕；第三幅图表达作者为妈妈制作生日蛋糕，准备丰盛的晚餐；第四幅图表达作者和爸爸为妈妈庆祝生日。关键词语有：celebrate my mother’s birthday, bake a birthday cake, prepare a rich family dinner, on line, express best wishes，Chatting merrily, warm atmosphere.
第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。本文用一般过去时。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如During the winter vacation, my father and I celebrated my mother’s birthday, which made me feel great.运用了非限制性定语从句；It was time for me to celebrate it for her.运用了It was time for sb. to do sth.句型；It took me a long time to make it.运用了“花费某人时间做某事”句型；My mother was moved with tears rolling in her eyes, seeing all we had done.运用了非谓语动词和定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
英语试卷
本试卷满分 120 分，考试时间 100 分钟
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Human beings love the world of nature that surrounds___1___ (we), and we enjoy seeing the wild world up close. When people wish to interact with a wild creature, an easy method is to attract it with some food. However, feeding wild animals is dangerous and unwise. The first problem is that animals are not meant to eat the same foods as people do. Many cheap human snacks, like fries and bread, are just not good for animals. Also, animals ___2___ are fed by humans will lose their fear of people. This makes them easy targets for hunters,___3___ it’s also possible that they could someday attack people.
【答案】1. us 2. that/which
3. and
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章说明了人类热爱我们周围的自然世界，我们喜欢近距离观赏野生世界。当人们希望与野生动物互动时，一个简单的方法就是用食物吸引它。文章说明了喂养野生动物的一些缺点。
【1题详解】
考查代词。句意：人类热爱我们周围的自然世界，我们喜欢近距离观赏野生世界。此处为动词surround的宾语，指代“我们”应用代词us。故填us。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：而且，被人类喂养的动物也会失去对人类的恐惧。本句为定语从句修饰先行词animals，且先行词在从句中作主语，指代动物应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：这使得它们很容易成为猎人的目标，而且它们也有可能在某一天攻击人类。结合上下文语境可知为递进关系，所以用连词and。故填and。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Bob___4___ (sort) through some of his old stuff. During the process, he came across a box full of old toys and journals, as well as some old photos from his childhood. Holding one of the photos, Bob started to look back upon the very day this photo___5___ (take) 30 years ago, and he got really emotional. It was the day he first learned how to ride a bike. In the park, his father patiently pushed his bike from behind as Bob had trouble riding on his own. Bob kept falling from the bike, but his father was always there,___6___ (encourage) him. Eventually, he got the hang of it. Bob thought it was the best day of his life at the time.
【答案】4. was sorting
5. was taken
6. encouraging
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者看到照片，回忆自己30年前学骑自行车的情况。
【4题详解】
考查过去进行时态。句意：鲍勃正在整理他的一些旧东西。根据下文中的During the process可知句子用现在进行时态，且主语是Bob，单数第三人称，故填was sorting。
【5题详解】
考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：拿着其中一张照片，鲍勃开始回想起30年前拍摄这张照片的那天，他非常激动。句中the very day this photo___2___ (take) 30 years ago是定语从句，从句主语this photo是单数第三人称，和take之间是被动关系，再根据30 years ago，可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was taken。
【6题详解】
考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：鲍勃不断从自行车上摔下来，但他的父亲总是在那里鼓励他。句中主语his father和encourage之间是主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语，故填encouraging。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Recycling paper is a great way to help the environment, but reusing things___7___ (make) from paper is even better. Take a copy of magazine, for example. Once you ___8___ (finish) reading it, don’t put it in your recycling bin. Instead, consider sharing it ___9___ people who haven’t read it, or giving it to your school library so that your classmates can take a look. Alternatively, you could find a completely ___10___(differ) use for the magazine’s pages. Some readers have used them to wrap gifts for their friends and family, picking pages with colourful pictures to make the presents look bright.
【答案】7. made
8. finish/have finished
9. with 10. different
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章以一份杂志为例，介绍了几种重复使用纸张，制成东西的方法。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：回收纸张是保护环境的好方法，但重复使用纸张制成的东西更好。分析句子结构，空后是定语，修饰things；things和make之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语；make是不规则变化动词，过去分词为made。故填made。
【8题详解】
考查时态。句意：一旦你看完了，不要把它放进回收箱。在once引导的时间状语从句中，主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时表示将来时；根据句意，也可用现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作。故填finish/have finished。
【9题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：相反，你可以考虑和没有看过它的人分享，或者把它送给学校图书馆，这样你的同学就可以看一看。根据句意，是短语share sth. with sb. “和某人分享……”。故填with。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：或者，你可以为杂志的页面找到一个完全不同的用途。修饰名词use，应用形容词形式。故填different。
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A few days before Christmas 2012, I found myself in Walmart. It was the last ___11___I wanted to be, especially during the chaos of last-minute Christmas shopping. It had been a little more than a month since my husband was laid off.
The school my kids attended asked if we needed help for Christmas, and we ___12___. If not for them, our kids would not have had Christmas gifts.
My children were with me that day at Walmart. Our cupboards were bare, and I had only eighty dollars to ____13____ a family of six for a week. It’s not impossible to ___14___, but certainly not comfortable. It leaves little ___15___ for anything extra. Yet, it was Christmas, and my kids asked if they could buy a present for their dad. How could I say “no”? I found a gift box of their dad’s favorite cologne and hoped I could ___16___ it. Lucky for me, my husband doesn’t have expensive___17___.
My husband worked very hard to___18___ for us, and I stayed home. It wasn’t by ___19___ . Having two children on the autism spectrum makes it difficult for me to work. Doctors’ appointments, therapy schedules, and school meetings make it near impossible to _____20_____ a regular work schedule. So, when he was laid off, things got very _____21_____ quickly. He wasn’t without a job long, but the _____22_____ of income for a couple of weeks certainly put a stress on our family.
As I chose my groceries, I kept a running total in my head. As my cart (手推车) filled, my _____23_____ rose. The more I thought about it, the less _____24_____ it was that I would be able to buy a gift for my husband.
When I went to the checkout, I set aside the cologne gift box. My kids______25______, but I didn’t have much of a choice. My heart_____26_____ when the grocery total was indeed too high for us to buy the gift, but an angel was waiting in the wings.
What happened left me speechless, and being the _____27_____ type, speechless is rare for me. A man_____28_____ us, put four twenty-dollar bills into my hand and happily exclaimed, “Merry Christmas!” He left so fast that I didn’t _____29_____ have a chance to say, “Thank you.”
A wave of emotion came over me as I _____30_____the cologne gift set to the belt. We were thrilled, and my husband had a Christmas present. Wherever there is a human being, there is an opportunity for a kindness.
11. A. place B. moment C. season D. station
12. A. refused B. answered C. accepted D. ignored
13. A. warm B. feed C. help D. inspire
14. A. respond B. appreciate C. purchase D. accomplish
15. A. room B. excuse C. energy D. courage
16. A. offer B. afford C. owe D. earn
17. A. bill B. collection C. taste D. clothes
18. A. stand B. compete C. prepare D. provide
19. A. choice B. mistake C. heart D. nature
20. A. create B. design C. maintain D. discover
21. A. smooth B. tight C. unexpected D. simplified
22. A. increase B. discount C. steadiness D. absence
23. A. regret B. anxiety C. blame D. complaint
24. A. likely B. important C. necessary D. difficult
25. A. cheered B. followed C. protested D. supported
26. A. lost B. calmed C. beat D. sank
27. A. outgoing B. optimistic C. talkative D. hardworking
28. A. approached B. guided C. pleased D. trusted
29. A. ever B. even C. once D. already
30. A. threw B. cancelled C. recommended D. added
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D
【解析】
本文是记叙文。因为丈夫失业，家庭开支紧张。作者想要给丈夫买一盒古龙水作圣诞礼物，但是买不起。最后一位天使帮助了她。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我最不想去的地方，尤其是在圣诞采购时到处都是一片乱哄哄的期间。A. place地点；B. moment时刻；C. season季节；D. station车站。根据下一句“It had been a little more than a month since my husband was laid off.”丈夫失业，家里开支紧张，作者最不想去的是超市这种地方。故选A项。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们上学的学校问我们圣诞节是否需要帮助，我们接受了。 A. refused拒绝；B. answered回答；C. accepted接受；D. ignored忽视，不理睬。根据下一句If not for them, our kids would not have had Christmas gifts.可知，如果不接受帮助的话，孩子们就不会有圣诞礼物。因此作者接受了学校的帮助。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的橱柜里已经没有东西了，我只有80美元来为一个六口之家提供一个星期的食物。A. warm使温暖；B. feed为……提供充足的食物；C. help帮助；D. inspire激励。根据上文Our cupboards were bare可推断，作者只有80美元可以用来为家人提供一个星期的食物。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不是不可能做到的，但肯定让人不舒服。A. respond回应；B. appreciate欣赏；C. purchase购买；D. accomplish完成，实现，达到。根据下文but certainly not comfortable可知，作者可以做到只用80美元买一家六口的一个星期的食物。故选D项。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样就没有购买任何额外的东西的余地了。A. room空间，余地；B. excuse借口；C. energy精力；D. courage勇气。用80美元买一家六口一个星期的食物，就不可能购买任何其他的东西了。故选A项。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我找到了他们爸爸最喜欢的古龙水礼盒，希望我能买得起。 A. offer提供；B. afford付得起钱；C. owe欠钱；D. earn挣钱。根据上文可知，作者没有额外的钱买其他的了，因此希望能够买得起这一盒古龙水。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我丈夫没有昂贵的品味。A. bill账单；B. collection收藏；C. taste品味；D. clothes服装。作者知道丈夫平时品味也不是很高，不会购买很昂贵的东西。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的丈夫非常努力地工作来养活我们，我呆在家里。此处考查“动词+介词for”的短语辨析。A. stand for代表；B. compete for为……竞争； C. prepare for 为……准备；D. provide for 为……提供。根据下文“Having two children on the autism spectrum makes it difficult for me to work.”可知，作者不能出去工作，一家人是依靠丈夫提供经济来源。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：这不是我的选择。此处考查“介词by+名词”的短语辨析。A. by choice出于选择；B. by mistake错误地；C.by heart牢记；D. by nature 天生地，生性。根据下一句“Having two children on the autism spectrum makes it difficult for me to work.”，有两个自闭症患儿让作者无法选择，只好呆在家里。故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：预约医生、治疗计划和学校会议几乎不可能维持正常的工作日程。A. create创造；B. design设计；C. maintain维持，保持；D. discover发现。因为忙于两个自闭症患儿的事情，如果要出去工作，很难维持正常的工作时间。故选C项。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 所以，当他失业时，情况马上变得非常紧张。A. smooth光滑的；B. tight紧的；C. unexpected出乎意料的；D. simplified简化的。根据上文“I had only eighty dollars to 3 a family of six for a week.”可知，因为丈夫失业，家里用度很紧张。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失业的时间并不长，但连续两三周周没有收入无疑给我们的家庭带来了压力。A. increase增加；B. discount折扣；C. steadiness稳定；D. absence缺乏。根据上一句“he was laid off”，丈夫失业，自然没有收入。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我的手推车堆满了，我也越来越焦虑了。A. regret后悔，遗憾；B. anxiety焦虑；C. blame责备；D. complaint抱怨。根据上一句“I kept a running total in my head.”可知，因为购买的东西多了，作者就在盘算还能不能为丈夫买圣诞礼物，因此感到焦虑。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我越想越不可能给我丈夫买礼物。A. likely可能的；B. important重要的；C. necessary必要的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“I had only eighty dollars to 3 a family of six for a week.”可知，作者只有80美元，要度过一个星期，因此购买的东西越多，就越不可能给丈夫买礼物了。less likely意思为“不太可能”。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们抗议，但我没有太多选择。A. cheered欢呼；B. followed跟随；C. protested抗议；D. supported 支持。根据上文“ my kids asked if they could buy a present for their dad.”，开始是孩子们提议给丈夫买个礼物，这时作者将古龙香水盒子放在一边，不打算买，所以孩子们就抗议。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心头一沉，因为购物总额对于我们来说实在太高了，我们买不起这份礼物。A. lost失去；B. calmed平静下来；C. beat击败；D. sank下沉。因为不能为丈夫购买礼物，作者感到心头不快。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为健谈的人，说不出话来对我来说是很少见的。A. outgoing外向的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. talkative健谈的；D. hardworking努力的。根据“speechless is rare for me.”作者很少说不出话来，因此可知，作者是很能说的人。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个男人走近我们，把四张20美元的钞票塞到我手里，高兴地喊道：“圣诞快乐!”A. approached走近；B. guided引导，带领；C. pleased使高兴；D. trusted信任。按常理，只有靠近作者，才能将钱塞进她手里。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他走得太快了，我甚至没机会说一声“谢谢”。A. ever曾经；B. even甚至；C. once一次；D. already已经。此处even加强语气，强调那位好心人离开得太快了。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我把那套古龙水礼品加到输送带上时，一股激情涌上心头。 A. threw扔掉；B. cancelled取消；C. recommended推荐；D. added加上，补充。根据上文When I went to the checkout, I set aside the cologne gift box.作者先是把古龙水放在一边，不准备买。这时有了好心人的帮助，她就将古龙水又加到结账时放商品的输送带上了。故选D项。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Every summer, we invite young writers to join our team for our six-week summer program. Think of yourself as an extension of our team where you will be writing main Youngzine articles.
We will work with you and after the first 1-2 articles, most of our young writers are up and running on their own. We will be selecting 4-6 young writers to join our team this year and will guide you through the experience. Does this sound like a challenge you are up to? First, let’s answer some questions that you might have.
How Old Should I Be?
Most of our Young Editors are typically 13-17 years of age. You will be writing on politics, science, environment and other current events which will require you to read and understand the background material. If you have strong writing skills, are part of your school newspaper or see yourself as a future journalist, this is for you!
How Long Is the Program?
It is a six-week program from July to mid-August, where you will be writing one article a week. We understand summer is also a time for vacations, and we are flexible as long as you inform us in advance.
What Do We Expect from a Young Editor?
Good writing skills and the ability to communicate your thoughts clearly are most important since you are writing for other young readers. We use current events to explain the underlying context or a concept, so you will need to put your research hats on. It is important that articles be unprejudiced and state all points of view of an issue. And of course, your articles have to be original—no copying! We will send you guidelines if you are selected. A few benefits of being a summer writer:
Your work will be seen by young readers all over the world.
Your knowledge of topics deepens, broadens and widens as you research and write articles.
Is that reason enough to want to join? Send us an email to editor@youngzine.org.
Please contact us by June 10 if you are interested.
31. What do we know about the summer program?
A. It is a vacation-free program.
B. It lasts for almost three months.
C. It is mainly designed for college students.
D. It asks participants to finish one article per week.
32. The summer program expects the editors who _______.
A. express their thoughts effectively B. understand all points of a concept
C. are curious about research methods D. have broad knowledge of many topics
33. The passage intends to _______.
A. hold a writing activity B. help sharpen writing skills
C clarify the qualities of editors D. call for summer young writers
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个号召青年作家的参与的暑期项目，介绍了项目的参与年龄限制、项目的持续时间、项目对编辑的期待以及暑期写作的几个好处等情况。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中It is a six-week program from July to mid-August, where you will be writing one article a week.可知这是一个为期六周的项目，从7月到8月中旬，你将每周写一篇文章。由此可知，暑期项目要求参与者每周完成一篇文章。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中Good writing skills and the ability to communicate your thoughts clearly are most important since you are writing for other young readers.可知良好的写作技巧和清晰表达自己想法的能力是最重要的，因为你是在为其他年轻读者写作。由此可知，这个暑期项目期望编辑能有效地表达自己的想法。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Every summer, we invite young writers to join our team for our six-week summer program.可知每年夏天，我们都会邀请年轻作家加入我们的团队，参加我们为期六周的暑期项目。结合文章主要为介绍一个号召青年作家的参与的暑期项目，介绍了项目的参与年龄限制、项目的持续时间、项目对编辑的期待以及暑期写作的几个好处等情况。由此可推知，这篇文章意在号召青年作家在夏季参加这个项目。故选D。
B
“If you could have any three things, what would you want?” Eleven-year-old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking that question, but it’s not a game. She asks it at nursing homes in the Harrison, Arkansas, where she lives. Even more amazing, she then sets out to make the residents’ wishes come true.
Ruby Kate has long been close to older folks. Her mother, Amanda Chitsey works at nursing homes in northwest Arkansas, and Ruby Kate often stays with her in the summer. The Chitseys learned that many nursing home residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries. So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it. “I’ve never found them scary at all, so I’m able to just go up to them and ask if they need anything,” she says.
She started by asking residents what three things they wanted most in the world. Amanda worried that people would ask for cars and other things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide. Instead, they asked for chocolate bars, McDonald’s fries, and pants that fit properly.
“It broke me as a human,” Amanda says. “We left the nursing home that day and went straight to a store and bought as many items as we could.”
Using their own money, the Chitseys granted the wishes of about 100 people in three months. Then they started asking for donations.
The good people of Harrison responded enthusiastically, so much that Amanda set up a GoFundMe page, Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents, hoping to collect $5,000. They hit their goal in a month. After GoFundMe named Ruby Kate a Kid Hero and promoted her story nationwide this past January, Three Wishes raised $20,000 in 24 hours and more than $250,000 in five months. With those funds, the Chitseys were able to get more creative: One resident asked for a man cave, so they got him a Walkman and stocked his fridge with snacks. Another wanted to go to a friend’s out-of-state wedding; they gave her money for gas and food.
Earlier this year, Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents became a nonprofit and launched its first nationwide chapters. One of its new goals is to set up a communal laptop in one nursing home in each state. Ruby Kate doesn’t plan to stop there. Actually, besides Ruby Kate, more youngsters are involved in helping others as a hobby. At one high school, students turned a single dollar into a truly inspirational act.
34. Why did the Chitseys decide to ask and meet the residents’ wishes?
A. It was Amanda’s duty to do that. B. The residents’ stories moved them.
C. They wanted to do something for the poor there. D. They had a close relationship with the residents.
35. Amanda said “It broke me as a human,” in Para.4, probably because _______.
A. the wishes were simple B. the wishes were in her plan
C. she couldn’t realize the wishes D. she couldn’t help her daughter
36. From last two paragraphs, we know the Chitseys _______.
A. started a page to get profit B. wrote stories about nursing homes
C. appealed to more people to join them D. carried out their project across the world
37. The story mainly inspires people to _______.
A. accompany the senior B. deliver kindness to others
C. treasure what they have D. be optimistic toward life
【答案】34. C 35. A 36. C 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了Ruby Kate Chitsey和她的家人一起帮助养老院的居民实现他们的愿望，得到了许多同样好心的人的支持的事情。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中The Chitseys learned that many nursing home residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries. So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it. “I’ve never found them scary at all, so I’m able to just go up to them and ask if they need anything,” she says.可知Chitseys夫妇了解到，许多养老院的居民连最小的奢侈品都买不起。所以Ruby Kate决定做点什么。她说:“我从没觉得他们很可怕，所以我可以走过去问他们是否需要什么。”由此可知，Chitseys一家决定去询问并满足居民的愿望，是因为他们想为那里的穷人做些事情。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Amanda worried that people would ask for cars and other things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide. Instead, they asked for chocolate bars, McDonald’s fries, and pants that fit properly.可知Amanda担心人们会向她要汽车和其他一个11岁的孩子无法提供的东西。相反，他们要求要巧克力棒、麦当劳薯条和合身的裤子。由此可推知，Amanda说“It broke me as a human”，可能是因为这些愿望很简单。故选A。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents, hoping to collect $5,000. They hit their goal in a month. After GoFundMe named Ruby Kate a Kid Hero and promoted her story nationwide this past January, Three Wishes raised $20,000 in 24 hours and more than $250,000 in five months.可知“给Ruby居民的三个愿望”希望能募集到5000美元。他们在一个月内达到了目标。今年1月，GoFundMe将Ruby Kate命名为“儿童英雄”，并在全国推广了她的故事。之后，三个愿望在24小时内筹集到了2万美元，在5个月内筹集到了25万美元。以及最后一段中Earlier this year, Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents became a nonprofit and launched its first nationwide chapters. 可知今年早些时候，“给Ruby居民的三个愿望”成为了一个非营利组织，并在全国范围内成立了第一个分会。由此可推知，Chitseys一家通过募集捐款和成立分会来呼吁更多的人加入他们。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容记叙了Ruby Kate Chitsey和她的家人一起帮助养老院的居民实现他们的愿望，得到了许多同样好心的人的支持的事情。由此可推知，这个故事主要是激励人们向他人传递爱心和善意。故选B。
C
Infections that cross over from other species are a deadly problem. The new coronavirus(冠状病毒) is the latest example of a disease that jumped from animals into humans. When infections do this, they can be deadly—and 2019-nCoV is no exception.
Nearly all viruses and bacteria that infect other organisms are completely harmless to people. But a tiny proportion can infect us and cause so-called zoonotic diseases, which come from animals rather than people. Such diseases are a massive problem. They make around 2.5 billion people ill every year and kill 2.7 million. Not all zoonotic diseases cause serious illness, but the Ebola virus, for example, currently kills most of those it infects.
One reason zoonotic viruses can be this deadly is that we lack pre-existing immunity( 免疫) to them. Another is that these viruses aren’t adapted to humans. Viruses that normally circulate among people can develop to become less deadly, as this helps them spread. “They don’t want you to drop dead within a day because you won’t pass it to anyone else,” says Chris Coleman at the University of Nottingham, UK.
To get infected, people need to come into contact with the animal the virus usually infects. This is most likely with domesticated animals. Camels carry the MERS coronavirus that causes sporadic human cases, for instance.
Many viruses that jump into people, like MERS, seldom spread from person to person. They can still infect thousands, though. Rabies is mostly passed on by dog bites, but kills 60,000 people a year. Others, such as Ebola, can spread from person to person, but aren’t very good at it and so cause relatively small outbreaks. The 2019 coronavirus, by contrast, appears quite good at spreading from person to person. We don’t know how deadly it is yet.
Biologists have been warning for decades about the risks of animal viruses spreading to people. There is good reason to worry. The last global pandemic(传染病), the 2009 flu that killed up to 400,000 people, was caused by a strain of flu that came from pigs. And that flu is thought to be a descendant of the 1918 flu, which came from birds. HIV, which has infected about 75 million people, is now thought of as a human virus. But it jumped from chimpanzees into humans relatively recently, in the 1930s.
Coleman thinks there is little we can do to stop people coming into contact with animals that may carry dangerous viruses. “It’s very difficult to control that,” he says. Instead, he says we need to have vaccines( 疫苗) ready in advance. This could mean creating vaccines that are effective against a wide range of viruses and developing vaccines that require only minor changes to work against a new viral strain, much like annual flu vaccines.
38. What does the underlined word “circulate” in Para.3 probably mean?
A. Pass on. B. Attack each other.
C. Die away. D. Work together.
39. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People must keep away from wild animals.
B. The majority of viruses are a massive problem.
C. The 2009 flu had no connection with the 1918 flu.
D. Vaccines are an effective option to fight against viruses.
40. The passage mainly aims to _______.
A. analyze the origins of viruses
B. explain the consequence of diseases
C. draw people’s attention to zoonotic viruses
D. persuade people to protect the wild animals
41. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. How Are Vaccines Made?
B. Viruses Infected from Animals
C. A Global Health Emergency
D. Why Isn’t There a Coronavirus Vaccine Yet?
【答案】38. A 39. D 40. C 41. B
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了来自动物的人畜共患疾病致命的原因，并列举出历史上从动物传染给人类的一些病毒，以警告人们动物病毒传播给人类所带来的风险。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后的句子“…as this helps them spread. “They don’t want you to drop dead within a day because you won’t pass it to anyone else,”（ 因为这有助于它们的传播。 “它们（病毒）不希望你在一天之内就死掉，因为你不会把它传给其他人。）”，句中的spread和pass it to anyone else 意思为“传播”。因此可以推测，circulate意思为“传播”。故选A项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“he says we need to have vaccines( 疫苗) ready in advance. This could mean creating vaccines that are effective against a wide range of viruses and developing vaccines that require only minor changes to work against a new viral strain,（科尔曼认为我们需要疫苗提前做好准备。这可能意味着要研制能够有效对抗多种病毒的疫苗，以及开发只需稍加改变就能对付新病毒毒株的疫苗。）”可知，研发疫苗是对抗病毒的有效选择。故选D项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段中“a tiny proportion can infect us and cause so-called zoonotic diseases,”说明了一小部分感染其他生物体的病毒和细菌会感染我们，引发人畜共患疾病；第三段中提到人畜共患疾病致命的原因“One reason zoonotic viruses can be this deadly is that we lack pre-existing immunity( 免疫) to them. Another is that these viruses aren’t adapted to humans.（人畜共患病毒可能致命的一个原因是我们缺乏预存免疫力。另一个原因是这些病毒不适应人类。）”；第六段提出生物学家一直在警告动物病毒传播给人类的风险。文章是关于人畜共患疾病的致命原因和风险。因此文章的目的是引起人们对人畜共患病毒的关注。故选C项。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。文章首句提出“Infections that cross over from other species are a deadly problem. （来自其他物种的感染是一个致命的问题）”。下文介绍了从动物到人类传染的疾病——人畜共患疾病的致命的原因，并且举出曾经发生过的动物传播给人类的病毒的例子。因此文章是关于从动物传播到人类的病毒，标题应该为“从动物感染的病毒”。故选B项。
D
How many more people can we squeeze onto our fragile planet? Surely, the Earth must be full? Pretending that human numbers can grow forever, with no ill-effects, is at best innocent and at worst utterly irresponsible.
Biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution, deforestation, water and food shortages — these are all worsened by our huge and ever-increasing numbers. Yet governments and most environmental groups choose to sidestep this giant elephant in the room. The human population was just 2.6 billion in 1950. But it has been 7.7 billion today and according to the UN it will reach 9.7 billion by 2050 and 11.2 billion by the end of the century. Where will so many people live? How will we feed them?
Unless we diffuse this “population bomb”, by the end of the century we will need several Earths to survive. But we can’t have several Earths, and so we will face a future of increasing poverty, food shortages, conflict and environmental degradation.
Admittedly, not everyone agrees with the UN’s predictions. But even the doubters calculate that the human population will grow to 8 or 9 billion sometime between 2040 and 2060. Ultimately, there has to be a limit.
The good news is that the human populations of about two dozen countries, from Poland and Italy to Cuba and Japan, are now decreasing. But that’s not true of most countries. The cradle of overpopulation is in Africa, which is where more than half of global population growth is expected to occur: from 1.3 billion people in 2020 to 4.3 billion in 2100.
The solution isn’t rocket science. There are two drivers of population growth: birth rates and longevity. We all aim to grow old, after all, but we can reduce birth rates. That’s not to say that anyone should be denied the right to have many children as they like. But it’s a fact that wherever women are empowered and literated, have help with family planning and have access to medical care, they generally choose to have fewer children. And the birth rate falls.
So why the stony silence? Why such a failure of leadership from governments and environmental groups? I think it’s for two reasons. First, calls for population control are often believed racist: relatively rich people in the developed world blaming poor people in the developing world. Second, it is often thought insincere. The problem is as much about consumerism as it is about population growth: westerners are consuming more and more, so it appears as if they are blaming the poor for the excesses of the rich. Most population growth is, indeed, taking place among those who consume almost nothing. But the uncomfortable truth is that we all need to consume much less.
Whatever the complications, we urgently need a UN Framework Convention on Population, just as we have for climate change. Either we limit our population growth or the natural world will do it for us.
42. What are the first three paragraphs mainly about?
A. Environmental degradation made by humans.
B. The increasing poverty coming with illnesses.
C. The problems resulting from the growing population.
D. Water shortages caused by climate change and pollution.
43. How do governments react to human population?
A. They are too busy with other problems to solve it.
B. They avoid seeking solutions to reduce population.
C. They know the consequence and face the problem.
D. They think the population will decline in the future.
44. What is practical for birth control according to the passage?
A. Consuming much less than before.
B. Removing the right to have more children.
C. Decreasing population in developed areas.
D. Educating women and providing health care.
45. What is the author’s attitude to the ever-increasing human population?
A. Neutral. B. Concerned.
C. Skeptical. D. Indifferent.
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. D 45. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。人口增长会带来各种问题，这些都会因我们庞大且不断增加的人口数量而更加恶化。无论问题有多复杂，我们都迫切需要一个联合国人口框架公约，就像我们对气候变化所做的那样。要么我们限制人口增长，要么自然世界替我们做这件事。
【42题详解】
段落大意题。根据第一段中Pretending that human numbers can grow forever, with no ill-effects, is at best innocent and at worst utterly irresponsible.“假装人口数量会永远增长，不会产生不良影响，往好里说是无辜的，往坏里说是完全不负责任的。”第二段中Biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution, deforestation, water and food shortages — these are all worsened by our huge and ever-increasing numbers. “生物多样性丧失、气候变化、污染、森林砍伐、水和粮食短缺——这些都因我们庞大且不断增加的人口数量而更加恶化。”和第三段Unless we diffuse this “population bomb”, by the end of the century we will need several Earths to survive.“除非我们扩散这颗“人口炸弹”，否则到本世纪末，我们将需要几个地球才能生存。”由此可知，前三段讲述的是人口增长所带来的各种问题。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Yet governments and most environmental groups choose to sidestep this giant elephant in the room.“然而，各国政府和大多数环保组织都选择回避这个棘手的问题。”由此可知，政府避免寻求减少人口的解决方案。故选B。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中But it’s a fact that wherever women are empowered and literated, have help with family planning and have access to medical care, they generally choose to have fewer children. And the birth rate falls.“但事实是，无论妇女在哪里获得权力和知识，在计划生育方面得到帮助，获得医疗保健，她们通常会选择少生孩子。出生率下降。”由此可知，根据这篇文章，教育妇女和提供保健是节育的实用方法。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Whatever the complications, we urgently need a UN Framework Convention on Population, just as we have for climate change. Either we limit our population growth or the natural world will do it for us.“无论问题有多复杂，我们都迫切需要一个联合国人口框架公约，就像我们对气候变化所做的那样。要么我们限制人口增长，要么自然世界替我们做这件事。”由此可知，作者对日益增长的人口持“关心的”态度。故选B。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
All book writing has to start somewhere, and the best place to kick off your manuscript (原稿) is by coming up with a great idea.___46___ It can be an article you read from your local newspaper, a conversation you overheard at Starbucks, a recent experience you had during a vacation, etc. Your overall idea should be narrowed down to one-to-two paragraphs, similar to the back cover copy you find on most books. When writing books, the idea is king. Always remember that.
___47___ This doesn’t just mean fictional characters—memoirs (回忆录) and nonfiction books still have characters, even if those characters are based on real people. When you write your own book, you must ask yourself what makes this character unique, what is the No. 1 thing this character wants and what difficulties must he or she overcome to reach it. Readers love imperfect, yet relatable characters.
___48___
Maybe the most crucial step in the steps to writing a book, setting a deadline and sticking to it is essential. ____49____ Too many writers say they are going to write a book and, after starting strong, find excuses as to why they stopped (or are on a super-long pause from writing books). There are definitely reasonable reasons that could prevent you from book writing—help needed in the family, a health issue, etc. But if you’re serious about writing a book, you have to make time for it. Deadlines will push you to do just that.
You can spend as much time as you want reading tips for writing a book, how to write books and how to edit your novel—and you should spend some time doing that. You should invest in studying the craft and learning how to write a bestseller.___50___ Do it during your lunch break. Do it while waiting for the kids at soccer practice. Do it after everyone goes to bed. There’s no official book writing model, there’s just you, a pen and a paper (or a computer, of course).
A. Strive to make your characters as interesting as possible.
B. But you’ll never write a book if you don’t spend time writing.
C. Now discover our best tips for how to write a book effectively.
D. It’s time to further your writing career by diving deeper into deadline.
E. Book ideas come in all shapes and sizes and can be found anywhere.
F. It’s the difference between serious writers and those who are merely dreamers.
G. How to start writing a book begins with an idea, but your idea needs to be carried out with well-developed characters.
【答案】46. E 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。所有的写书都要从某个地方开始，而开始写手稿的最好地方就是想出一个好主意。文章主要就如何写出一本书提出了一些建议。
【46题详解】
根据后文It can be an article you read from your local newspaper, a conversation you overheard at Starbucks, a recent experience you had during a vacation, etc.可知可以是你在当地报纸上读到的一篇文章，在星巴克无意中听到的一段对话，最近一次度假的经历等等。由此可知，书的想法随处可见，形式各不相同。故E选项“书的想法有各种各样的形式和大小，而且随处可见”符合上下文语境，故选E。
【47题详解】
根据后文This doesn’t just mean fictional characters—memoirs and nonfiction books still have characters, even if those characters are based on real people. When you write your own book, you must ask yourself what makes this character unique, what is the No. 1 thing this character wants and what difficulties must he or she overcome to reach it. Readers love imperfect, yet relatable characters.可知这不仅仅意味着虚构的人物——回忆录和非虚构类书籍仍然有人物，即使这些人物是基于真实的人。当你写自己的书时，你必须问问自己是什么让这个角色与众不同，这个角色最想要的是什么，为了达到这个目标他或她必须克服什么困难。读者喜欢不完美但能引起共鸣的角色。由此可知，要想写一本书，首先你要用文字来完善你的想法。故G选项“如何开始写一本书从一个想法开始，但是你的想法需要用完善的文字来实现”符合上下文语境，故选G。
【48题详解】
根据上文Readers love imperfect, yet relatable characters.可知读者喜欢不完美但能引起共鸣角色。由此可知，本句承接上文说明如何创造角色。上文中characters可对应到A选项中characters。故A选项“努力让你的角色尽可能有趣”符合上下文语境，故选A。
【49题详解】
根据上文Maybe the most crucial step in the steps to writing a book, setting a deadline and sticking to it is essential.可知也许在写书的步骤中最关键的一步是，设定一个期限并坚持完成它是至关重要的。以及后文Too many writers say they are going to write a book and, after starting strong, find excuses as to why they stopped (or are on a super-long pause from writing books).可知很多作家说他们打算写一本书，在开始的时候很强烈，然后找借口说为什么他们不写了（或者长时间不写书）。由此可知，设定一个写书期限并坚持完成它是至关重要的，这也是严肃作家和那些找借口不去实践的梦想家的区别。故F选项“这就是严肃作家和梦想家的区别”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【50题详解】
结合上文You can spend as much time as you want reading tips for writing a book, how to write books and how to edit your novel—and you should spend some time doing that.可知你可以花多少时间阅读写书的技巧，如何写书，如何编辑你的小说——而且你应该花些时间去做这些。由此可知，本段旨在强调写书需要投入实践，如果不花时间，永远写不出一本书。上文中spend some time可对应到B选项spend time。故B选项“但如果你不花时间写作，你永远写不出一本书”符合上下文语境，故选B。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节（15 分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友 Jim 在邮件中谈到近年来全球掀起的剩食运动（Waste No Food Movement），例如：推行打包及食物共享文化、鼓励购买即期品，并将厨余分类回收后加以利用。请你回邮件，说明你对此现象的看法，内容包括：
1. 你对剩食运动的看法；
2. 你或者你周围人做法。
注意 ：1．词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词： leftover n. 剩余食物; adj. 剩余的
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s great to hear from you. I’m strongly supportive of “Waste No Food Movement” for the following two reasons.
To begin with, food shortage is a problem concerning the whole world, so we should take every small action to save food. Besides, the movement appeals to people to classify and recycle food waste, which is obviously wonderful to protect the environment.
In my life, I’ve witnessed many practical acts. For example, while eating outside, we tend to pack leftovers. Nowadays, more and more Chinese are practicing garbage classification. We put the leftover aside to make it possible and easier to reuse.
What do you think of the movement? Looking forward to your brilliant idea.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求给朋友回邮件。
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友 Jim 在邮件中谈到近年来全球掀起的剩食运动（Waste No Food Movement），例如：推行打包及食物共享文化、鼓励购买即期品，并将厨余分类回收后加以利用。请你回邮件，说明你对此现象的看法，内容包括：1. 你对剩食运动的看法； 2. 你或者你周围人的做法。
第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词（组），如：strongly supportive, food shortage, save food, appeals to, classify and recycle, protect the environment, practical acts, pack leftovers, garbage classification.
第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如the movement appeals to people to classify and recycle food waste, which is obviously wonderful to protect the environment.运用了非限制性定语从句；while eating outside, we tend to pack leftovers.是状语从句的省略；We put the leftover aside to make it possible and easier to reuse.运用了it作形式宾语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节 （20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。停课期间，妈妈过生日，你在学习之余给妈妈准备了丰盛生日晚餐。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇稿件，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于 60。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】During the winter vacation, my father and I celebrated my mother’s birthday, which made me feel great.
At eight that morning, I was about to study when suddenly my father came into my room and whispered to me that day was my mother’s birthday. Wow! It was time for me to celebrate it for her. I decided to bake a birthday cake and prepare a rich family dinner in person. After finishing all my work, I learned how to bake a cake on line without delay. It took me a long time to make it. And then, I was immediately busy preparing all dishes.
The moment my mother stepped into, the celebration began. My father expressed his best wishes with a bunch of roses. My mother was moved with tears rolling in her eyes, seeing all we had done. Chatting merrily, we were immersed in the warm atmosphere.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于图画作文。
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。停课期间，妈妈过生日，你在学习之余给妈妈准备了丰盛的生日晚餐。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇稿件，记述整个过程。
第二步：根据图片确定文章内容和关键词语，第一幅图要表达爸爸告诉作者今天是妈妈的生日；第二幅图表达作者从网上搜寻如何制作蛋糕；第三幅图表达作者为妈妈制作生日蛋糕，准备丰盛的晚餐；第四幅图表达作者和爸爸为妈妈庆祝生日。关键词语有：celebrate my mother’s birthday, bake a birthday cake, prepare a rich family dinner, on line, express best wishes，Chatting merrily, warm atmosphere.
第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。本文用一般过去时。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如During the winter vacation, my father and I celebrated my mother’s birthday, which made me feel great.运用了非限制性定语从句；It was time for me to celebrate it for her.运用了It was time for sb. to do sth.句型；It took me a long time to make it.运用了“花费某人时间做某事”句型；My mother was moved with tears rolling in her eyes, seeing all we had done.运用了非谓语动词和定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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