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    考点07 形容词和副词辨析-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过(浙江专版) 试卷

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    考点07 形容词和副词辨析-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过(浙江专版) 试卷

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    命题趋势:形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类,主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面:1. 形容词的比较等级;2. 形容词词义辨析;3. 形容词短语搭配。纵观近年各地市中考题,对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中,要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫,同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。中考考查重点:一、形容词词义辨析;    二、形容词短语搭配;三、副词的基本用法;    四、副词的分类;   五、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。考向一: 形容词的分类分类说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中,大量的形容词属于这一类别,多数有比较级和最高级,有程度大小的区别,可以使用程度副词修饰。funny滑稽的,lovely可爱的,healthy健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级,而且不使用程度副词修饰。financial经济的,mental脑力的,cultural文化的颜色形容词用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。blue蓝色的,green绿色的,white白色的叙述形容词这类形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰,大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。afraid害怕的,alone单独的,asleep睡着的,worth值得的,ill病的分词形容词英语中有些表情感态度的动词,如exciteworry,其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化,即相当于形容词。worried担优的,worrying令人担忧的,exciting令人兴奋的,excited感到兴奋的复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。three-year-old三岁的,ordinary-looking相貌普通的,middle-aged中年的考向二: 形容词的句法功能成分说明例句作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面Its a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。作表语放在系动词的后面He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。补足语作主语或宾语的补足语,说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。作状语主要表示原因、伴随或方式Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又饿,我只好停下来休息一下。【知识拓展】1. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热的东西吗There is nothing important in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。2. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 这座桥长约两百米。Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high. 去年,我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。3. 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列:限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)描绘性形容词大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词形状形容词年龄(新、旧)形容词颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶 Keep all the windows _____________, its too hot in the room.A. opened    B. open     C. closed【答案】B【解析】由后半句可知房间里很热,故应该是打开窗户,此处应该用形容词open构成keep sth+adj.结构。故选B考向三: 副词的基本用法   副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。We should listen to our teachers carefully. 我们应该认真听老师讲课。He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。What happened?I asked, rather angrily. "发生什么事情了?"我相当生气地问。In spring, I can see flowers everywhere. 在春天,我到处都能看到花。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。Have you read this book before? (副词,作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗?He will arrive before ten oclock.(介词,before ten oclock 是介词短语,作时间状语)他将在10点钟前到达。考向四: 副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为:1. 时间副词:today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still1)表示发生时间的副词:Its beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了!2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前。She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2. 地点副词:here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home1)有不少表示地点的副词:She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。2)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,后跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:用作介词:Stand up!起立!用作副词: A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。3)以where构成的副词也是地点副词: Its the same everywhere. 到处都一样。3. 方式副词:well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。2)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。4. 程度副词:very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite5. 频度副词:always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never1. I _________ have breakfast at 7:00. But _________ its 7:20. Im having my breakfast.A. usually; often         B. often; usuallyC. sometimes; often        D.usually; now 【答案】D【解析】本题的前半句表示的经常性的行为,可用频率副词,本题的后半句表示的是正在进行的动作,通常和now连用,故D2. George is very healthy. He _________ goes to the doctor.A. always      B. seldom    C. often       D. usually【答案】B【解析】句意:George非常健康,他很少去看医生。A总是;B很少;C经常;D通常;根据句意,故选B6. 疑问副词:where, how, why7. 否定副词:no, not, neither, nor8. 其他副词:also, too, only考向五: 易混副词辨析英语中一些词加不加ly都是副词,但是意义差别很大。hard艰难地;hardly几乎没有They work very hard. 他们工作非常努力。►I hardly know her. 我不怎么认识她Its raining so __________ that we can _________ go out now.A. hard; hardly       B. hard; hardC. hardly; hardly       D. hardly; hard【答案】A【解析】句意:外边的雨下得如此大以至于我们几乎不能出去。hard可以表示雨或雪大,hardly是否定词,几乎不的意思,故选A在英文中,应该注意hardhardly的区别,hard可以作形容词或副词,意为努力,也可以指雨大或雪大,而hardly是副词,意为几乎不。在实际使用时,应注意它们的区别。late迟到;lately最近You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。Have you see him lately? 你最近见到过他吗?After getting up in the morning, my mother is used to reading the __________ newspaper.A. late          B. lately        C. later         D. latest【答案】D【解析】句意:在早上起床后,我妈妈习惯了读最新的报纸。the latest 最新的。late 晚,迟到;lately最近; later后来,以后。根据句意,选Dpretty=very非常;prettily漂亮地The exam was pretty difficult. 这次考试相当难。 The little girl is always prettily dressed. 这个小女孩总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。 意思区别相近的,分别表示具体跟抽象的意思:close(具体距离上的)接近地、紧挨地;closely(抽象)亲密地They sat close together ►Who is closely to you, your mom or your dad?Dr Kelly walked __________ to the window to watch __________ the short man shopping on the street. A.close; closely                                                   B. closely; closeC.close; close              D.closely; closely【答案】A【解析】第一空是要走近窗户,close to sth.是离某物体很近的意思,所以用close第二空填的词应该用来修饰watch,所以用副词closelyhigh(具体高度)高地;highly(抽象)高度地,赞赏地►The kites fly high in the sky. 这些风筝在天空飞得很高。His teachers think very highly of him.(老师们很欣赏他。)老师对他评价很高。The space ship flew __________ in the space, and all the people around the world speak __________ of our country. A. highly; highly        B. high; high    C. high; highly            D. highly; high【答案】C【解析】太空飞船在太空中飞得很高,第一空指具体的高度;speak highly of意为"对……评价很高",故选Cdeep(空间的,具体)深度;deeply(抽象,感情上的)深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。wide具体距离很宽;widely广泛地The door was wide open. 门被开得大大的。We were widely different on many questions. 我们在许多问题上分歧很大。1. In some cases, the relatives of patients who were not __________ with their treatment may attack the doctors. Laws are needed to protect the doctors.A. satisfied B. scared C. serious D. suitable2. —How about your work?—Terribly difficult! Suppose someone give you a box and ask you to describe __________ whats inside without opening it.A. closely B. widely C. exactly D. mostly3. In order to sell more products, we need to come up with more __________ ideas.A. awful B. creative C. magical D. traditional4. Don’t talk __________. Your grandmother is sleeping now.A. happily B. nearly C. loudly D. hardly5. When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help __________.A. wisely B. lately C. widely D. politely6. —I’m really __________ when I speak English in class.—Take it easy. You’re the best.A. nervous B. surprised C. comfortable D. confident7. They cheered us on __________ and we felt more confident to win the game.A. angrily B. loudly C. suddenly D. slowly1.2019 • 浙江省温州市Betty felt so tired last night that she ____________ fell asleep in bed after lying down.    A. recently B. suddenly C. frequently  D. immediately2. 2019 • 福建省)More and more people have realized that clear water and green mountains are as ____________ as mountains of gold a and silver.   A. central    B. special     C. valuable3.2019 •兰州市How ____________ it rained yesterday! We had to cancel our football match.   A heavily    B. light     C. heavy     D. lightly4.2019 •安徽省—The 5G technology can help doctors treat patients who are hundreds of kilometers away.  — Its really ____________.   A. secret    B. direct     C. amazing    D. traditional5.2019 •安徽省I came to school ____________ this morning because it was my turn to clean our classroom.   A. early    B. slowly     C. quietly     D. suddenly6.2019 •山东滨州市The artist is so ____________ that he can make different changing pictures with sand.   A. common B. careless C. creative  D. helpful7.2019 •山东滨州市—Confucius Institute (孔子学院) has been set up in many other countries.   —Yes, Chinese is ____________ spoken in those countries. I am proud of that as a Chinese.   A. hardly B. widely C. never  D. seldom8.2019 •江西省Peter spoke so ____________ that I could hardly hear him.   A. loudly B. quietly C. clearly  D. patiently9.2019 •江苏省连云港市While watching the film yesterday, I couldnt stop laughing at some ____________  moments.   A. humorous B. challenging C. dangerous  D. surprising10.2019 •山东省青岛市My brother has a healthy living habit. He ____________ stays up late, and he is an early bird.   A. usually B. hardly C. often  D. always1. 天津市北辰区2019年初中毕业生学业考试英语模拟—Why is your mother so happy?—Because my brother ____________ bowed to her and said sorry for his bad action.A. hardly B. nearly C. politely D. loudly2. 安徽省合肥市第五十中学2019届九年级第二次教学质量检测I drank a large cup of coffee yesterday evening, and it kept me ____________ all night.A. intelligent B. patient C. absent D. awake3. 安徽省淮北市20195月中考英语模拟Mr. White became ____________ because the plane couldn’t take off on time.A. nervous B. angry C. glad D. careful4. 江苏省南京市鼓楼区2019年九年级中考二模Jenny, what’s happened to you? You seem a bit angry.Bad luck. I was walking across the street when a car ____________ hit me.A. nearly B. mainly C. hardly D. mostly5. 20190424日南京鼓楼区九下中考一模—Betty, are Lucy and Lily twin sisters?—Yes. They are so similar that it’s almost ____________ to tell one from the other.A. possible B. impossible C. usual D. unusual跟踪训练】1. A【解析】句意:在某些情况下,对治疗不满意的病人的亲属可能会攻击医生,需要法律来保护医生。satisfied满意的,满足的;scared害怕的;serious严重的,严肃的;suitable合适的。根据句意may attack the doctors可知,这里表示不满意be satisfied with是固定短语,故选A2. C【解析】句意:——你的工作怎么样?——非常困难!假设有人给你一个盒子,让你在不打开盒子的情况下准确地描述里面的东西。closely紧密地,严密地;widely广泛地;exactly精确地,准确地;mostly主要地,多半。根据句意和空前的describe可知,这里表示准确地描述……,故选C3. B【解析】句意为了卖更多的产品,我们需要想出更多有创造力的主意。A.可怕的;B.有创造力的;C.魔术的;D.传统的。根据句意可知,要卖更多的产品就要想出更多有创造力的主意,故选B4. C【解析】句意不要大声说话,你的祖母现在正在睡觉。A.高兴地;B.差不多,几乎,亲密地;C.大声地;D.几乎不。根据句意可知,你的祖母正在睡觉,所以不要大声说话,故选C5. D【解析】句意:当你参观一个外国的国家时,知道怎样有礼貌地求助是非常重要的。wisely明智地;lately最近;widely广泛地;politely有礼貌地。根据句意ask for help和常识可知,求助时应注意礼貌,故选D6. A【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:——我在课堂上讲英语的时候真的很紧张。——放轻松。你是最好的。A. 紧张的;B. 惊讶的;C. 舒适的;D. 自信的。根据回答Take it easy.可知nervous符合句意,故选A7. B【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:他们大声为我们加油,我们感到更有信心赢得比赛。A. 愤怒地;B. 大声地;C.突然;D. 慢慢地。根据They cheered us on可知是大声加油,故选B真题再现】1. D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:Betty昨晚感觉太累了,以至于她躺在床上后很快就睡着了。考查副词辨析。A. recently最近;B. suddenly突然地;C. frequently频繁地;D. immediately很快、立刻。根据Betty felt so tired last nightBetty昨晚感觉太累了,可知她应该是躺在床上后很快就睡着了,所以immediately符合语境,故选D2. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。central 中心的;special 特别的;valuable 有价值的。题意为 越来越多的人意识到绿水青山就是金山银山,故选C3. A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:昨天雨下得多大啊!我们不得不取消足球比赛。A. heavily大量地,副词;B. light轻的,形容词;C. heavy重的,形容词;D. lightly轻微地,副词。由句中的rained可知,应该用副词来修饰,排除B/C;又根据We had to cancel our football match. 我们不得不取消足球比赛。说明雨下的很大,因此排除D。故选C4. C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:——5G技术能帮助医生治疗远在几百公里以外的病人。——这真的太令人吃惊了。secret秘密的;direct直接的;amazing令人吃惊的;traditional传统的。根据句意help doctors treat patients who are hundreds of kilometers away.可知,这是非常令人惊讶的,故选C5. A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:今天早上我很早就来到学校,因为轮到我打扫我们的教室。early早地;slowly慢地;quietly安静地;suddenly突然地。根据句意because it was my turn to clean our classroom.轮到我打扫教室,故应来得比较早,选A6. C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:这位艺术家是如此有创造力,他可以用沙子创作出不同的变化画面。A. 普通的;B. 粗心的;C. 有创造性的;D. 有用的。so +形容词/副词+ that引导结果状语从句,can表示,根据he can make different changing pictures with sand可知so creative符合句意,所以C7. B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:——孔子学院已经在许多国家建立起来了。——是的, 中文在这些国家被广泛地使用。作为一个中国人,我为此感到自豪。考查副词辨析。A. 几乎不,表否定;B. 广泛地;C. 从不,表否定;D. 很少地,表否定。根据上文Confucius Institute (孔子学院) has been set up in many other countries.和下文I am proud of that as a Chinese.可知ACD三项意思都不合句意,故选B8. B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:彼得说话如此的小,以至于我几乎不能听到他。根据loudly大声地; quietly悄悄地; clearly清楚地,patiently有耐心地;根据I could hardly hear him.可知是悄悄地;故选B9. A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意昨天当我在看电影时,在一些幽默的时刻我禁不住地笑了A.幽默的;B.具有挑战性的;C.危险的;D.惊奇的。根据I couldnt stop laughing我禁不住地笑了可知,表示在一些幽默的时刻,故选A10. B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:我哥哥有一个健康的生活习惯。他几乎不熬夜,而且是早起的人。A. usually通常;B. hardly几乎不;C. often经常;D. always总是。健康的生活习惯应该是不熬夜,故选B模拟检测】1. C【解析】句意:——为什么你的母亲这么高兴?——因为我的哥哥礼貌地对她鞠躬,并且为他的错误行为而道歉。hardly几乎不,nearly几乎,politely礼貌地,loudly大声地。根据bowed to her可知此处表示礼貌地鞠躬,故选C2. D【解析】句意:昨天晚上我喝了一大杯咖啡,这使我彻夜难眠。A. intelligent聪明的;B. patient有耐心的;C. absent缺席的;D. awake醒着的。根据常识,可知,晚上喝咖啡,让人难以入睡,故选D3. B【解析】句意:因为飞机没能按时起飞,怀特先生很生气。A. nervous焦虑的;B. angry生气的;C. glad高兴的;D. careful仔细的。根据题意,故选B4. A【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:——珍妮,你怎么了?你看起来有点生气。——运气真差。我当时正在过马路,一辆汽车差点撞到我。A. nearly差一点,几乎; B. mainly主要地;C. hardly几乎不;D. mostly大多数地,结合句意,故选A5. B【解析】句意:——贝蒂,露西和莉莉是双胞胎姐妹吗?——是的。它们非常相似,几乎不可能区分两者。A.可能的;B.不可能的;C.通常的;D.不正常的。根据空前almost可知,此句是双重否定,此空是不可能的意思,此空故填impossible故选B

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