2021届高考英语一轮复习专项点拨专题02听力_2018年高考英语考试大纲解读

听力解读   《2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关听力的要求：要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。【解读】《考试大纲》听力测试部分要求考生能听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应具备：1. 了解事实与细节(如时间、地点、数据等)的能力；2. 揭示对话或独白的主要意义的能力；3. 明确说话人的语气与意图的能力；4. 辨认人物的角色和关系的能力；5. 分析人物的态度和感受的能力；6. 简单地进行逻辑推理与判断的能力。高考英语听力测试的题型、题材、考查点及应试技巧一、 试题的题型特点听力部分分为两节：第一节共5小题，第二节共15小题。考生将听到5段简短的对话(一般为一问一答的形式)和5段较长的对话或独白，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节的5个小题主要考查考生理解简单的事实性信息和进行简单的推理判断和计算的能力；第二节主要考查考生对材料的整体理解能力，要求考生理解对话或独白的主旨、要义，获取事实性的具体信息，对对话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能作出简单的推理判断，理解说话者的意图、观点或态度等。二、试题的题材特点高考的听力材料多样化，其内容主要涉及日常生活、文化教育、风土人情、时事、人物和科普常识等方面。常见的关于日常生活的话题有：就餐、问候、邀请、约会、购物、通知、问路、打电话、旅游、住宿、谈论天气、询问时间、寻求/提供帮助、安排、病痛、看法、自然灾害、新闻报道等。 2017年新课标全国卷I英语听力材料话题明细TextTOPICTextTOPICText 1讨论看过的电影Text 6找修鞋的地方Text 2问对方去法国多长时间Text 7讨论点餐Text 3讨论聚会上喝的什么向对方借书卡Text 8约对方谈话Text 4问对方借书卡Text 9讨论去德国发展新项目Text 5想了解去伦敦的火车时间Text 10会议致辞三、高考听力考查的知识点和应试技巧(一) 时间数字题此类试题，主要考查考生根据读音辨认时间、数字的能力以及了解多个数据之间的关系并进行计算的能力。对话中出现的数字有可能是价格、日期、时间、数量、年龄、门牌号等。常见设问方式：What time is it now?/When will the train leave?/What’s the price of…?/How long…?/ How much does…cost? /How many…?等。解题的关键是听清并记录对话中的数字与相关运算信息。具体步骤是在听到数字后立即将其记下或在选项中找到，并在旁边记录相关信息；熟知各个数字之间的关系，然后根据提问快速运用相应的加减乘除运算得出正确答案。 (二)对话场景题此类试题主要考查有关地点的信息，要求考生判断对话发生的地点。有些地点是对话中直接提到的，有些是需要根据对话的内容来判断的, 还有的是两者兼而有之。常见对话场景：学校(教室)、医院(诊所)、机场、车站、餐馆、商店、图书馆、书店、邮局、警察局等。常见设问方式：Where does the conversation most probably take place?/Where are the two speakers?/Where does the man(woman) work?/Where is the man going?等。1. 仔细辨认对话中的相关词。2. 抓住对话中表示空间关系的介词或介词短语，它们多与地点和方向有关。如at a hotel, in the post office, at the hospital, at a restaurant, in the library, in the bank, at the airport等。3. 注意对话中的声东击西和顺序干扰的现象。 (三)人物关系及身份题此类题的选项一般为表示职业或身份的名词或由两个名词构成的表示人物关系的并列词组。对话中不会直接提到某人的职业或关系，通常只用一些相关词作为暗示。主要考查考生能否根据对话内容、说话者的语气及态度等判断说话人之间的关系或说话人的职业、身份。常考查的人物关系：师生、朋友、夫妻、父女、母子、同事、同学、邻居、老板与职员、医生与病人、司机与乘客等。常见设问方式：Who are the speakers?/ What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?等。常考查的人物职业：医生、工人、教师、司机、秘书、服务员、售货员、图书管理员、警察、工作人员、作家、经理、学生等。常见设问方式：What is the man’s (woman’s) job(occupation, profession)?/ What is the person’s probable job?/ Who is the woman(man) speaking to?/ What’s the profession of the man?/ Who is the woman most probably speaking to?/ Who is the speaker?/ What is his(her) job?/ What does he(she) do?1. 熟悉常见的职业相关词，抓住了这些与说话人职业相关的词，也就等于抓住了关键词。2. 通过关键词并结合对话的语气判断说话人的身份和关系。 (四)观点态度题此类题要求考生根据对话者说话的语音、语调、语气以及谈话内容，判断出说话者对某人、某事物的看法或态度。常见设问方式：What does the man(woman) say about/think of…?/How does the man(woman) feel about/like…?/What’s the man’s(woman’s) opinion about…/What is the man’s(woman’s) attitude toward the conversation?/How does the man(woman) feel?/The man’s(woman’s) feeling toward the subject can be best described as…等。1. 语音语调。英语中，语调主要有升调、降调两种，降调(尤其是在一般疑问句和反意疑问句中)通常表示说话人的态度是肯定、赞同的，而升调(特别是在陈述句或特殊疑问句中)表示对事物的怀疑、惊讶或否定。2. 提示词和关键词。考生可以根据一些提示性的语言或相关的词语进行判断，如 I think…, It seems to me that…, As far as I’m concerned, I could say…, It is/ sounds true that...。同时还要注意表示否定、转折和虚拟等含义的指示词。3. 从字里行间判断。四、高考听力提分策略及临场解题指导(一)提分策略1. 培养正确的语音和语言基础技能(1)加强48 个音素的训练； (2)加强单词辨音训练；(3)加强跟读与朗读训练，培养好的语感。2. 加强日常词汇和语法等基础知识的学习 (1)扩大词汇量；(2)提高语法意识。(二)临场解题指导1. 调节情绪，保持良好的心理状态2. 读题预览预测，变被动为主动(1)预览：①拿到试卷，在填涂完姓名及准考证号后的剩余时间预览；②在播放试音小乐曲及试音材料时预览；③在介绍第一节试题的做法时预览；④在每段对话或独白播放前的5秒钟时间预览。(2)预测　①根据题目中的语言信息预测；②抓住关键词预测。3. 抓大放小，紧盯关键词句通常只要捕捉到关键的词句就能找出问题的答案，不要盲目地逐词逐句地听。4. 熟悉听力常见词汇，形成思维定势，对症下药高考英语听力的设疑方式是相对稳定的。比如说，常在故事情境发生的主要要素上设疑。一般来说，特定场景的用语和关键词是基本固定的，考生在平时的训练中应多加留意。5. 多感官协调，把握速记要领，增加得分空间考生在平时训练时，要养成多感官协调运作的好习惯，学会用自己熟悉的符号速记材料中提到的年、月、日、星期、钟点、年龄、距离、价格等关键信息，并在脑海中及时换算。6. 学会放弃，避难就易，不放过任何可得分  高考英语属于能力选拔型考试，考生不一定能顺利完成所有的题目。再加之英语听力的语速、语音、语调的特点，在交际中出现的连读、爆破、辅音浊化等一系列语言现象以及材料中可能涉及到的语法，如部分否定、虚拟语气、表示转折、让步等的特殊句型和情态动词的特殊用法等，使得一部分考生应接不暇，难以听懂，这是很正常的。遇到这种情况，考生要学会放弃，避难就易，不放过任何可得分。典例  (2017·新课标全国卷I)第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. £ 19. 15.      B. £ 9. 18.     C. £ 9. 15.答案是 C。1. What does the woman think of the movie?A. It’s amusing.        B. It’s exciting.         C. It’s disappointing.2. How will Susan spend most of her time in France?A. Traveling around.        B. Studying at a school.      C. Looking after her aunt. 3. What are the speakers talking about?A. Going out.             B. Ordering drinks.          C. Preparing for a party.4. Where are the speakers?A. In a classroom.          B. In a library.             C. In a bookstore.5. What is the man going to do ?A. Go on the Internet.          B. Make a phone call.        C. Take a train trip.第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What is the woman looking for?A. An information office.          B. A police station.          C. A shoe repair shop.7. What is the Town Guide according to the man?A. A brochure.               B. A newspaper.             C. A map.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. What does the man say about the restaurant? A. It’s the biggest one around. B. It offers many tasty dishes. C. It’s famous for its seafood.9. What will the woman probably order? A. Fried fish.                  B. Roast chicken.              C. Beef steak.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Where will Mr. White be at 11 o’clock?  A. At the office.            B. At the airport.              C. At the restaurant.11. What will Mr. White probably do at one in the afternoon?A. Receive a guest.           B. Have a meeting.            C. Read a report.12. When will Miss Wilson see Mr. White?  A. At lunch time.          B. Late in the afternoon.        C. The next morning.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Why is Bill going to Germany?  A. To work on a project.       B. To study German.      C. To start a new company.14. What did the woman dislike about Germany?A. The weather.                   B. The food.               C. The schools.15. What does Bill hope to do about his family?A. Bring them to Germany.B. Leave them in England.C. Visit them in a few months.16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Fellow-travelers.    B. Colleagues.     C. Classmates.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. When did it rain last time in Juárez?A. Three days ago.    B. A month ago.    C. A year ago.18. What season is it in Juárez?A. Spring.      B. Summer.     C. Autumn.19. What are the elderly advised to do?A. Take a walk in the afternoon.B. Keep their homes cool.C. Drink plenty of water.20. What is the speaker doing?A. Hosting a radio program.B. Conducting a seminar.C. Forecasting the weather.【参考答案】1. C  2. A  3. C  4. B  5. A  6. C  7. A  8. B  9. C               10. B11. B   12. C  13. A 14. B  15. A 16. B  17. C  18. A  19. C 20. A听力材料Example:M: Excuse me, can you tell me how much the shirt is?W: Yes, it’s nine-fifteen.Text 1W: Have you seen the movie “Hangover”? We went to see it last night.M: How was it?W: Jason thought it was extremely amusing, but I was a bit disappointed.Text 2M: Susan, I heard you are going to France. How long will you be staying there?W: A whole year. My aunt lives there. I’m going to do a one-month course at a language school and spend the rest of the time traveling. Text 3M: Let’s see what drinks you’ve got for the party tonight.W: Everything! Beer, wine, soft drinks like Coke, 7-Up…you name it, I’ve got it! Have you ordered the cake?M: Of course.Text 4M: I don’t have a library card. Do I need one?W: You have to have one only to take books out. You’re okay if you just sit in one of the rooms reading.M: Well then, I’ll just read here. Thank you.Text 5W: I wish I knew the times of the trains to London. But our phone’s out of order.M: Don’t worry, Grandma. I’ll find out for you on the Internet.W: Thank you!Text 6W: Excuse me. I wonder if you could tell me how to find a place to have my shoes mended. I’m new in town.M: Ah, there is a good shop not far from here. Go straight ahead and walk about three blocks. I can’t remember the name of the shop, but you’ll find it. It’s near the police station. By the way, you know about the town guide? It’s a thin book and has all kinds of useful information. You’ll find one in any bookstore.W: Thanks a lot! You’ve been so helpful. Let’s see. Did you say the repair shop was three blocks away from here?M: Exactly. W: Thanks again. Text 7M: I’ve been here many times. There are quite a lot of delicious dishes to choose from. What are you thinking of ordering? W: Well, I haven’t decided yet. What are you going to order?M: I think I’ll have the roast chicken. They really make it well here.W: I had roast chicken yesterday when I ate out with Shelly. M: Their beef steak is good, too. You can have it served with beans and mushrooms. W: But I'm not that hungry. Is the fried fish or the seafood salad good?M: Never had them before. Maybe if you get the steak, we could share. W: That sounds like a good idea.Text 8W: Hello, Mr. White. Do you think it’s possible for us to talk sometime today?M: I’d love to, Miss Wilson, but I’ve got a pretty tight schedule today. I’ve got to finish reading the yearly financial report by 10. Then I have to drive to the airport to pick up an advertiser at 11. After that, I’ll have a meeting with him over lunch. W: Can I see you after lunch?M: Well, let me see…after lunch, I have to attend a senior staff meeting, which may last about two hours. Can you come at 3? We can talk for an hour before I meet my sales team at 4. W: I’m afraid an hour is too short. What about tomorrow morning?M: 9 to 11, then. I’ll wait for you at the office. W: OK, see you then. Text 9W: Hey, Bill. I hear they’re going to send you to Germany for the new project. M: Boy, news travels fast around here! I only got the orders a couple of hours ago. Rachel doesn’t even know…W: Oh, no? So, what are you waiting for? When do you plan to tell her?M: Well, she is at work at the moment. She doesn’t finish until 5. I’ll have to wait until tonight now, I suppose. W: Well, I was posted there before, back in 2008. It’s OK — a bit like England, really. At least the weather is similar, and the people aren’t much different. The only thing I didn’t like is the food, especially the sausages. What do you intend to do about the family? Are you going to take them with you?M: Well, I’d like to, but I don’t know much about the situation at the moment…you know, about schools and all that. But I hope to move the family out there in a couple of months’ time. I don’t think I want to spend a year and a half out there on my own...I mean, without Rachel and the kids. I mean, I don’t see that much of them now as it is. W: Yeah. Well, that’s the way it is normally in our company, I suppose. M: Yeah. Well, we’ll see. Let me pay for the coffee.W: No, no. I’ll pay.Text 10W: Hello, everyone. Welcome to our program. I’m Jenny Jackson. The weather here in Juárez has become unbearable. With no rains for over a year, the city is suffering from unusually hot weather. Some light showers have been forecast since last month, but all of them have been effective in surrounding areas. Summer has not even started yet, but temperatures have reached 40 degrees centigrade in the past three days. And people have been warned not to go out of their homes — not if you walk on foot, at least — between 11 in the morning and 7 in the evening. Little kids and the elderly are the ones who have suffered the most from this extreme heat wave. They must drink water all the time. To help our audience have a better understanding of this extreme weather, we have invited Prof. Torres from University of Mexico to our studio this evening.