非谓语动词第一讲 教案
展开课题内容：非谓语动词（1）
--- 非谓语动词的基本概念
--- 非谓语动词作状语
课题
-- 非谓语动词的基本概念
谓语和非谓语动词比较：
* Learning English is not easy.
* What I want to do is to stay with you.
* He came in, singing and dancing. ( = When he came in, he was singing and dancing. ）
* This is a book written by Lu Xun. (= This is a book which was written by Lu Xun.)
- 非谓语：不做谓语的动词（作主，表，定，状..除谓语外其它）
- 种类：动名词、不定式、分词(现分和过分)
3. 作用: 相当于从句(定从句、状从句…)
---非谓语动词作状语
- 分词作状语
* He came in, singing and dancing.
* He came in, followed by a group of students.
* _________ (see) from the hill, the town looks beautiful.
* While ___________( walk) in the street, I met an old friend.
* ________ (be) ill, he couldn’t go to school.
* Her husband died, ________ (leave) her with five children.
* If ________ ( give) more time, we could do it much better.
结论：分词作状语，修饰谓语动词
- doing--- 主动（谓语动词主语和分词为主谓关系）
done --- 被动（ ... 动宾 …)
- 位置：
灵活
- 作用:=状语从句（伴随、时间、原因、结果、条件、…)
（注意:分词作状语一般不再出现状从句连接词， 但时间 when, while… 条件if 等可出现，表强调。)
分词作状语的时间(分词与谓语动词时间顺序）
主动： doing ( )
* Singing and dancing, he came in. having done ( )
* Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
被动： being done ( )
* Being built, the school is a mess. having been done ( )
* Having been told the news, he went to hospital at once.
done --
比较：
* Followed by a group of students, he came in.
* Being followed by a group of students, he came in.
* Having been followed by a group of students, he came in.
* Seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful.
* Being seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful.
* Having been seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful.
结论： done作状语多强调动作的方式、条件等, 不强调动作先后顺序。 =being done, having been done 只有强调动作时间先后才用。）
分词作状语
doing ---谓同时
主动 having done --- 谓之前
done --- 不强调时间先后，强调方式、条件等
被动 being done--- 谓同时
having been done --- 谓之前
不定式作状语和分词作状语的区别
* He went to Shanghai to find a good job.
比较：
* He hurried back home _________ (prepare) a speech for the president.
* He stayed up late last night, _________ (prepare) a speech for the president.
* ___________________ (prepare) a speech for the president, he went to bed.
结论：
…. to do --- 目的状语，谓之后 …,
doing --- 随伴状语，谓同时
Having done, ….--- 时间状语，谓之前
非谓语动词作状语总结：
--- 不强调时间先后（方式、条件…)
主动 doing
--- 谓同时 having done
--- 谓之前 to do
--- 谓之后， 目的状
被动 done
--- 不强调时间先后(方式、条件…) being done
--- 谓同时 having been done ---谓之前 to be done
--- 谓之后，目的状
Ex.
- With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_______ presents for my dad.
- buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
- The glass doors have taken the place of (取代了) the wooden ones at the entrance, ____ in the natural light during the day.
- to let B. letting C. let D. having let
- The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _______.
- to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard
- The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.
A. watered B. watering C. being watered D. to water
5. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _______ for a space flight.
A. training B. being trained C. trained D. to be trained
6. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ____, and asked myself what I was going to do．
A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved
7. _____that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.
A. Having told B. Having been told C. told D. Telling
8. ---You’re late again. ---Yes. I couldn’t find my key to the car when ______ home.
A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. having left
注意：连接词后只能用 when/if doing done
- It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss.
- questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to question
- _____ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
- Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having been attracted
- _____ to understand what he doesn’t, he makes a fool of himself.
- Always pretending B. Always pretended C. Having always pretended D. Always being pretended
- _____ plastics, the machine is light in weight.
A. Making of B. Having been made of C. to make of D. Made of
13. ____ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.
A. Being settled B. Settled C. Having settled D. Settling
14. _______for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
15. What way are you thinking of _______ rid of the flies?
A. to get B. getting C．being got D. to be got
16. Alice returned from the manager’s office, _____ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. A. having told B. told C. to tell D. telling
17. The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
18．_______ his method, Tom was sure that he would succeed in his experiment.
A. Improving B. Having improved C. Having been improved D. To improve
19. _______ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having been separated C. Having separated D. To be separated
20. No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed
