阅读理解第一讲 教案
展开课题内容：确定文章标题和主题
--- 如何确定主题
--- 如何确定标题
课题
高考全国统一考试大纲的说明 阅读理解（要求） 1. 理解主旨要义
2. 理解文中具体信息
3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义
4. 作出简单判断和推理
5. 理解文章的基本结构
6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度
阅读理解课程设置的说明和课程学习建议：
--- 课程设置说明
1. 紧扣大纲对阅读理解要求，科学合理设置专题； 2. 实际训练水平高于现行高考；
--- 课程学习建议
- 课程学习一定要在第一轮词汇复习（扫盲）和基础语法 复习之后进行，可以和第二轮单词复习同步进行；
- 可根据自己水平，反复观看，分段推进；
3. 本课程主要提供阅读的方法，需要辅以大量的阅读练习和反复实践。
1
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: “Color TV, only $79. Two day sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out, but the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is: just right for you.” It costs $ 395. Buyers are baited（引诱） with a sale offer, and then they were switched（转向）to another more costly thing. Buying things on sale requires careful consideration of the goods and the reasons for the sale. What is the writer’s main purpose? A. The customer must be on his guard when buying things on sale. B. Color TV sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly. C. A lot of stores use the bait and switch: technique（技巧）to attract customers. D. Any one planning to buy a TV set should look for a sale.
Main idea is what the writer is trying to tell us readers, is the writer’s main/ final purpose.
2
Being an American in China, I am often asked:“ Why do you come to China? Do you like it? Why do you want to live here?” Some people can’t imagine why I would choose to live and work in this country. So many Chinese are anxious to go to the United States. I feel both proud and concerned about (担忧) this, proud because America is indeed a great land, and concerned because China too, is a great land. My friends don’t always see that. Beauty in one’s backyard is sometimes taken for granted (想当然)，so I would like to share with you some common foreign observations about China.
The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A. America is indeed a great land B. China is a great land too C. both A and B D. the writer advises his Chinese friends to believe China is also a great land
3
Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday-makers and other tourists. Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day this news appeared on page two of the town’s newspaper, The Beldon Post. FIRE AT SEABREEAE Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors, “Please don’t smoke cigarettes in bed.” This was Beldon’s first hotel fire for five year.
The Canfield Times gave the news in these works on page one: ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday-maker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put the bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.” We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield. What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel 1st August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.
Which of the following BEST gives the main idea of this passage?
- A fire broke out one night in Seabreeze Hotel.
- It was not easy to find out exact truth from newspapers.
- Two newspapers gave reports on the same matter.
D. Beldon and Canfield are both good places for tourists in summer.
4
I don't believe people when they say that the happiest period in their life was when they were an adolescent . It may be that their memory is failing, and they can no longer see the past the way it really was. Or maybe their life is hard now, and they are trying to escape into a beautiful dream. I don't know , but I think they have forgotten the pain of being young. They have forgotten how it felt not to know what to say or how to act. As far as I am concerned (就我而言),the best thing about youth is that it's temporary .
- The author thinks that adolescence is _________.
- the happiest period B. a painful period C. full of happy memories D. the period full of beautiful dreams
- The title that best express the ideas of the passage is _______.
A. The Happiest Period B. The Adolescence C. The Pain of Being Young D. Looking Back on Youth
Title is what the whole passage mainly about. -
- can not to big not too small
5
Alexander Graham Bell was born in Scotland and first came to the new world for his wealth, moving to Canada in 1898 and later to Washington, D.C., at the age of 24. He is widely known for his invention of the telephone, but not many people know of his other inventions. For a time, Bell and his father had both studied and worked together on the development of speech and the teaching of the deaf. In 1876 Bell exhibited an apparatus（仪器） to transmit（传导）sound by electricity and this was the basis of the modern telephone. With assistants, Bell was a pioneer of the hydrofoil （水翼船）: a model built in 1919, 60 feet long and powered by two 40-horse-power engines, was able to travel over 70 miles per hour.
When President Garfield was shot in 1881, doctors couldn't remove the bullet (子弹). Bell immediately worked on a surgical probe, but even though Garfield lived for 80 days, it was finished too late to save him. Bell's invention was used by doctors until x-rays came in and is now a metal detector. Bill died in 1922 in Nova Scotis, and that province has established (建立) the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Park in his memory.
The title that best expresses the ideas of the passage is ______.
- In Memory of Bell
- Bell's Invention of the Telephone
- Alexander Graham Bell
D. Bell: the Great Inventor
6
People who lived in towns and cities could easily refresh themselves in the hot summers just before the turn of the century. Coca-Cola had been invented in Atlanta in the 1890s, and it was for sale at thousands of drugstores and candy stores all over America. But people who lived in the country couldn’t easily go into town every time they wanted a Coca-Cola or a flavored soda water. So Joe Biedenharn, a Vicksburg, Mississippi, candy store owner, decided soda should be taken out of the cities and into the country, where most Americans lived. He began to fill 10 1/2-ounce bottles with Coca-Cola, shipping them by truck and boat to the small towns along the Mississippi River, His business grew quickly; the bottled coca was so popular that Biedenharn was forced to move his bottling operation to a large building. Ironically, the first bottling operation was viewed as a curiosity by the Coca-Cola Company. Biedenharn sent them his first two cases. He was politely thanked and then just as politely ignored.
The purpose of this paragraph is to_________.
- discuss the introduction of bottled Coca-Cola
- discuss the history of Coca-Cola
- Show the Coca-Cola Company’s lack of concern (关心) for rural customers (乡村顾客)
D. provide a short biography (传记) of Joe Biedenharn
Title is what the whole passage mainly about. It
--- can not be too big nor too small
--- must follow the main clue
7
At this time the state of South Carolina was having hard times. Year after year the soil had been planted to the same crop. It was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves, and the planters knew little about soil conservation (保护). Because the soil was beginning to wear out (贫瘠), crops were smaller. The younger people were not satisfied to raise cotton on the poor soil of the old South. Many of them moved westward and started cotton plantations (种植园) in Alabama and Mississippi. Moreover, so much cotton had been shipped to factories in England and New England that they have as much cotton as they could use. This brought the price of cotton down. More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and larger plantations, and higher prices were demanded for them. Planters found their expenses (花费) rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced. Hard times had come to South Carolina.
The subject of this passage is __________.
- ignorance (无知) of planters about farming
- economic rivalry (经济竞争) in the South Carolina
- soil conservation (保护) in South Carolina
D. economic difficulties of South Carolina
Title is what the whole passage mainly about.
It --- can not be too big nor too small
--- must follow the main clue
--- should be inclusive, not detailed
8
The story of the Kennedy brothers is rather like one of those songs which children sing happily and which end up with the shout,” And then there none.” The eldest brother was killed in the war, John was shot in Dallas in 1963, Robert was murdered in 1968, and Edward’s chances of becoming president may have died when his car had an accident, killing the passenger. The four boys were brought up by their father to do and fight for nothing but the best whether on the games field or in political life. He managed to give them so much ambition and energy that only since the youngest brother found his political death, have people begun to ask themselves,” why did we look on the Kennedys as the family chosen to lead the USA to a better future?”
In fact, John and Robert had both shown their ability and courage in international politics and their work for civil rights（民权）, and Edward had a good record as senator (参议员); but so had many other people. Only history will show how much of the Kennedy story was built on fact and how much on the famous family name.
- The best title for the article is _____.
- The Death of the Kennedy Brothers
- The best Family of USA
- A Famous Family Name
- The Kennedy Brothers
- The writer thought that _____.
- the Kennedy family was the best choice of the American people
- the brothers had the greatest chance of becoming president of the USA
- besides the Kennedy brothers, many other people had great ability in politics
D. the Kennedy story was built not on fact but on the family name
Title is what the whole passage mainly about.
--- can not be too big nor too small
--- must follow the main clue
--- should be inclusive, not detailed
--- Main idea and title can not be opposed to each other
9
In 1901, H. G. Wells. an English writer，wrote a book describing a trip to the moon．When the explorers landed on the moon，they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities．They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don't even use your inner space?” H. G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it．
Underground systems are already in place．Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal，there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel”, a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France, is now complete． But what about underground cities？Japan's Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called “ Alice Cities”. The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome（太阳能穹顶）would cover the whole city． Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth's space. The surface， they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H. G. Wells' “ moon people” would agree. Would you？
What would be the best title for the text？
- Alice Cities --- cities of the future
- Space travel with H. G. Wells
- Enjoy living underground
D. Building down，not up
10
LONDON（Reuters)--- Organic (有机的) fruit, delivered right to the doorstep. That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food． “Organic produce is always better,” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty. “Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend (潮流), and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business．But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce？Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences (喜好，偏爱), but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products．And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand (需求).The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market, “said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business．
What is the best title for this news story？
- Organic food--- healthy, or just for the wealthy (rich people)？
- The making of organic food in Britain
- Organic food--- to import or not？
D. Good qualities (质量)of organic food
Main idea is what the writer is trying to tell us readers, is the writer’s main/ final purpose.
Title is what the whole passage mainly about.
--- It can not be too big nor too small.
--- It must follow the main clue.
--- It should be inclusive, not detailed.
--- Main idea and title can not be opposed to each other.
--- Sometimes title is the main idea.
