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人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures完美版课件ppt
展开为了避免重复,将句子中的一个或几个成分省去,这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。
一、简单句的省略[合作探究]
①(Yu) G dwn this street and turn right at the secnd crssing.请(你)沿着这条街走,然后在第二个十字路口向右拐。
②(Is there) Anything else?(还有)其他东西吗?③—Are yu frm America?—Yes,I am (frm America).——你来自美国吗?——是的,我是(来自美国)。④What a beautiful city (it is)!(这是)多么美丽的城市呀!
①祈使句的省略。在祈使句中,通常省略主语____________。②There be句型省略____________。③疑问句的答语省略。④感叹句的省略。在what和hw引起的感叹句中常省略______________。
二、并列句中的省略[合作探究]
①Tm picked up the bk frm the flr and (Tm) handed it t his brther.汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了他的哥哥。②His perfrmance made us amused,but (his perfrmance made) himself tired.他的表演使我们高兴,但是使他自己很累。③Xiaming must have been playing ftball at that time,and his sister (must have been) playing the pian.那时小明一定在踢足球,而他妹妹一定在弹钢琴。
①省略共同的____________或宾语。②若主语与谓语相同,则省略后面的____________成分。③若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词____________,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
三、复合句中的省略1.定语从句的省略[合作探究1]
Here is the man (whm) yu’ve been lking fr.这位就是你一直在找的人。
如果关系代词在定语从句中作____________语,则关系代词可以省略。
2.宾语从句的省略[合作探究2]
He said (that) the text was very imprtant and that we shuld learn it by heart.他说这篇课文很重要,我们应该用心学习。I knw that a mvie star will cme t ur city but I dn’t knw when (he will cme t ur city).我知道一个电影明星要来我们城市,但我不知道他什么时候来。
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词____________一般可以省略,但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上由____________引导的宾语从句时,那么只有第一个that可以省略。(2)when,where,hw和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
3.状语从句的省略[合作探究3]
When (the nvel is) published,the nvel will becme ne f the best sellers f the year.一旦出版,那本小说会成为年度畅销书之一。He runs as fast as Bb (runs).他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
(1)当when,while,if,as if,thugh,as,until,unless等连接的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且状语从句中含有be动词或从句的主语为it时,省略状语从句中的_______________。[名师提醒] 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系,则使用现在分词;若构成被动关系,则使用过去分词;若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则使用不定式。(2)在than,as等引导的____________状语从句中常省略某些成分。
四、虚拟语气中的省略[合作探究]
Had yu cme here yesterday,yu wuld have met her.如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会见到她了。We insisted that they (shuld) g with us.我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。It is necessary that we (shuld) learn mre wrds by heart.我们有必要多用心记一些单词。
(1)虚拟条件句常省略____________,将were,had,shuld提前构成部分倒装。(2)在一坚持(insist),二命令(rder,cmmand),三建议(suggest,prpse,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,desire)等后的宾语从句中,含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句,以及It is strange/natural/necessary/imprtant that...从句中常省略____________。
五、其他常见的省略1.动词不定式的省略[合作探究1]
He didn’t cme,but he ught t have (cme).他没来,但他本应该来。I saw him enter the rm just nw.=He was seen t enter the rm just nw by me.刚才我看见他进了房间。I can d nthing but wait.我能做的只有等待。His wish is t earn a lt f mney and (t) buy his mther a big huse.他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。The purpse f new technlgies is t make life easier,nt t make it mre difficult.新科技的目的是使生活更方便而不是使它更困难。
(1)有些动词(词组),如want,wish,expect,hpe,wuld like,try,frget等后面的不定式作____________语时,为了避免重复,可以省略动词只保留到____________,但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have,这些动词就要保留。(2)感官动词(词组)see,lk at,hear,listen t,ntice,watch等和使役动词make,let,have等的后面作宾补的不定式要省略____________;但此类动词的被动语态中的t不可省略。(3)在某些句式中,如介词but,except前有动词d的任何形式,后面的不定式要省略____________。(4)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,第一个带t,后面省去____________;但如果两个不定式表示对比、对照关系时,则t不可省略。
2.介词的省略[合作探究2]
She spends half an hur (in) ding sme reading every day.她每天花半小时读书。We have a final exam (in) every term.每学期我们举行一次期末考试。
(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的____________词常被省略,而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/mney (in) ding sth;have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth;prevent/stp sb (frm) ding sth。(2)表示____________的介词at,n和in在next,last,this,each,these,yesterday,every,tmrrw等词之前,一般可省略。
3.替代性省略[合作探究3]
—Can they finish their wrk tday? 他们今天能完成工作吗?—I think s.我认为能。—I dn’t think s./I think nt.我认为不能。
英语中,可以使用s,____________或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
[名师提醒] hpe,guess,be afraid的否定形式只能用nt的形式,不能用的形式。—The bys are nt ding a gd jb at all,are they?——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好,是吗?—I guess nt.——我猜是没做好。
4.比较结构的省略[合作探究4]
The sner (yu d it),the better (it will be).(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。
在“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构中和由____________和as引导的比较句式中,常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
用省略结构改写下列句子①Is there anyne here t wait n us?→_________________________________________________________________②He is a prgrammer and I am a prgrammer,t.→_________________________________________________________________③It sunds interesting.→_________________________________________________________________④What a clever by he is!→_________________________________________________________________
Anyne here t wait n us?
He is a prgrammer and I am,t.
Sunds interesting.
What a clever by!
用省略结构改写下列句子①I wrk in a factry and my brther wrks n a farm.→I wrk in a factry and ________________________.②We’re bund t win smeday,but when are we t win?→We’re bund t win smeday,but ____________?
my brther n a farm
用省略结构改写下列复合句①Wh is the man whm yu were talking t?→Wh is the man ________________________?②Smene has used my mbile phne,but I dn’t knw wh has used it.→Smene has used my mbile phne,but I dn’t knw ____________.③When it is heated,a piece f ice will turn int water.→________________,a piece f ice will turn int water.
yu were talking t
When heated
④Althugh he was hard-wrking,he culdn’t earn enugh t supprt himself.→_______________________,he culdn’t earn enugh t supprt himself.⑤He’s the man that yu can safely depend n.→He’s the man ________________________.⑥They dn’t use mre water than it is necessary.→They dn’t use mre water ________________________.
Althugh hard-wrking
yu can safely depend n
than necessary
用省略结构改写下列各句①If she were here,she wuld agree t.→________________________,she wuld agree t.②He rdered that we shuld g ut at nce.→He rdered that ________________________.③If Thmas Edisn had stred his mney,he wuld have died a wealthy man.→__________________________________,he wuld have died a wealthy man.
Were she here
we g ut at nce
Had Thmas Edisn stred his mney
[巩固内化5] 单句语法填空
①I had great difficulty ____________ (find) the suitable fd n the menu in that restaurant.②—D yu think ur team will win?—I dn’t think ____________.③—Will yu jin us?—I wuld lve ____________.④The busier (he is),____________ (happy) he feels.
the happier
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