人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters测试题

课时分层作业(二十二)　

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

If the crust(外壳)of the earth were not pretty solid(坚固的)，it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently(频繁地)．However，there are places in the rocks of the earth's crust where it isn't strongly held together－where faults exist.Along the faults，one rock might push against another with great force.The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks，so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!

The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.Seven hundred people died and property(财产)damage amounted to about $425,000,000.The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.

One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon，Portugal，in 1755.The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed.In 1908，in Calabria and Sicily，a quake killed about seventy­five thousand people.In 1915，in central Italy，hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.

Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo，Japan，and in Gansu Province in China.The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama，too.The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.

【语篇解读】　本文介绍了地震的起因及历史上几次大地震。

1．The underlined word“vibration”in the first paragraph probably means “________”．

A．shaking　　　　　　　 B．force

C．energy D．losing

A　[词义猜测题。一块岩石有可能用力挤压另一块岩石，地壳的能量发生了改变导致岩石晃动，于是地震发生了。vibration意为“晃动”，故A项正确。]

2．Which of the following is the correct order of the years when the earthquakes happened?

①the San Francisco earthquake

②the earthquake in Lisbon，Portugal

③the earthquake in Calabria and Sicily

④the earthquake in central Italy

⑤the earthquake in Gansu Province

⑥the Tokyo quake

A．③④⑤⑥②① B．⑤⑥②①③④

C．②①③④⑤⑥ D．①③④②⑤⑥

C　[细节排序题。由文章地震发生的时间顺序可知C项正确。]

3．According to the passage，the earthquake that killed the most people happened in________.

A．Portugal B．Italy

C．Japan D．China

D　[细节理解题。由地震伤亡数字可知，1920年在中国发生的地震伤亡人数最多。]

4．We can infer from the passage that________.

A．the earth's crust in Europe is weaker than that in other places

B．the fires following the San Francisco earthquake caused more damage than the earthquake did

C．there were 75,000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquake

D．the city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quake

B　[推理判断题。由第二段“The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.”可知B项正确。]

B

Everybody hates rats.But in the earthquake capitals of the world－Japan，Los Angeles，Turkey－rats will soon be man's new best friends.

What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs.Why? Because they can smell people.Dogs save lives.They help rescuers to find living people.But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces.So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives：the rat.

How does it work? First，the rat is trained to smell people.When this happens，the rat's brain gives a signal (信号)．This is sent to a small radio on its back，and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.When the rat's brain activity jumps，the rescuers know that someone is alive.The rat has smelled that person.

Although there are already robots which can do this job，rats are better.Christian Linster at Cornell University，New York，says，“Robots' noses don't work well when there are other smells around.Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark.They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs，and unlike robots，they don't need electricity!

The “rat project” is not finished，but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says，“It would be fantastic.A rat could get into spaces we couldn't get to，and a rat would get out if it wasn't safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history，people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake，of course)．

【语篇解读】　人人痛恨的老鼠不久将在地震后的救援中成为人们的好朋友。

5．In the world earthquake capitals，rats will become   man's best friends because they can ________.

A．take the place of man's rescue jobs

B．find the position of people alive who are trapped in buildings

C．serve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildings

D．get into small spaces

B　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，人们利用老鼠来搜寻地震中的被困人员，因此答案为B项。]

6．From the third paragraph we know the rescuers can   judge a person who is alive by ________.

A．the noise made by the rat

B．the rat's unusual behaviour

C．the signal sent by the radio on the rat's back

D．the smell given off by the person

C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When this happens，the rat's brain gives a signal(信号)．This is sent  to a small radio on its back，and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.”可知答案为C项。]

7．In doing rescue jobs，________.

A．rats smell better than dogs

B．dogs don't need to be trained to smell people

C．robots' sense of smell can be affected by other smells around

D．rats can see in the dark and are smaller than robots

C　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Robots' noses  don't work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.”可知，机器人的嗅觉会受到周围其他气味的影响。]

8．Rats have all the following advantages EXCEPT that ________.

A．they are more fantastic than other animals

B．they are less expensive to train than dogs

C．they don't need electricity

D．they are small and can get into small places

A　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段和倒数第二段内容可知B、C和D项说法正确。A项文章没有提及，故选A。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

The earthquake was over and the city was in ruins.

I had no choice but to walk home as all the __1__ had stopped as a result of the quake.On my way home I __2__ an old lady at a bakery shop giving out free bread，which made my heart __3__.A man was holding a sign saying，“Please use our __4__.”He was  __5__ his house for people to go to the restroom.

My friend，__6__ wanted to be of help to others，stood in the cold with a sign “If you don't  __7__ a motorcycle，I'll be glad to drive you home.” And then I saw him pick up an old man and drive him all the way to a faraway place!

Then next day I drove to have my car __8__.There was not enough __9__ now and many gas stations were either closed or have very __10__ lines.I got worried，since I was __11__ fifteen cars.Finally，when my __12__ came，the man smiled and said，“__13__ this situation，we are only giving $ 30 worth gas per person.Is that alright？”“ __14__.It's nice that we are all able to __15__，” I said.His smile gave me so much comfort.

At the escape center I saw a man  __16__ when people brought food to him.It was the first time in three days that food had been brought to their center.However，after he cleaned up the tears，his next __17__ surprised me.“I am very __18__ that we are provided with food.But people in the city next to us haven't  __19__ any food at all.Please go to that center as well.” Hearing that，I realized there was a bright future on the other side of this __20__.

【语篇解读】　作者所生活的城市遭受了地震。很多人的无私援助让作者感到温暖；而一些难民的举动也让作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。

1．A.life　　　　　　　 B．business

C．rescue D．traffic

D　[根据上下文可知，地震使得交通瘫痪，作者只能步行回家。traffic交通，故选D。]

2．A.noticed B．missed

C．ignored D．caught

A　[作者在回家的路上注意到了一位老太太在给大家分发免费面包。notice注意到，故选A。]

3．A.kind B．broken

C．warm D．empty

C　[一位老太太在给大家分发免费面包的场景使得作者内心感到温暖。warm温暖的，故选C。]

4．A.hotel B．toilet

C．hospital D．house

D　[根据后面的“his house for people to go to the restroom”可知，这个人让大家使用自己的房屋，给大家提供方便。故选D。]

5．A.opening B．selling

C．repairing D．building

A　[此处指那个人打开自己的房屋给人们提供方便。open打开，故选A。]

6．A.who B．whom

C．which D．he

A　[本句是定语从句，先行词是my friend，引导词在定语从句中作主语。故选A。]

7．A.buy B．care

C．matter D．mind

D　[在寒冷的天气里乘坐摩托车是很冷的。 所以此句句意为“如果您不介意乘坐摩托车的话，我会非常高兴把您送回家”。mind介意，故选D。]

8．A.used up B．taken up

C．filled up D．washed away

C　[根据下文可知，作者去加油站给汽车加油。fill up充满，故选C。]

9．A.gas B．information

C．food D．water

A　[根据后面的“many gas stations were either closed...I got worried”可知，很多加油站没有足够的汽油了。gas汽油，故选A。]

10．A.direct B．fine

C．long D．thin

C　[根据上下文可知，等待给车加油的人很多，排着长长的队。long长的，故选C。]

11．A.behind B．between

C．among D．beneath

A　[此处指“我”排在15辆汽车之后，所以担心会没有汽油。behind在……后面，故选A。]

12．A.time B．turn

C．duty D．decision

B　[此处指轮到作者加油了。turn(依次轮到的)机会，故选B。]

13．A.Except for B．Together with

C．Instead of D．Because of

D　[句意：鉴于目前的局势，我们为每个人只提供30美元的汽油，可以吗？because of因为，故选D。]

14．A.Not at all B．Of course

C．No way D．Never mind

B　[根据作者说的话可知，作者同意加油站人员的做法。of course当然，故选B。]

15．A.share B．offer

C．learn D．choose

A　[每个人只可以加30美元的汽油，所以大家都可以分享一些，而不至于有些司机不能够加油。share分享，故选A。]

16．A.crying B．eating

C．smiling D．singing

A　[根据后面的“However，after he cleaned up the tears”可知，那个人感动得哭了。故选A。]

17．A.ways B．roles

C．words D．promises

C　[后面的内容是那个人说的话。word话语，故选C。]

18．A.sure B．grateful

C．surprised D．proud

B　[句意：我非常感激你们给我们送来食物。grateful感激的，故选B。]

19．A.bought B．wasted

 C．prepared D．received

D　[句意：但是，紧挨着我们的城市的人们还没有收到任何食物。receive接收，收到，故选D。]

20．A.disaster B．chance

C．city D．center

C　[那个人的话语让作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。故选C。]