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北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Lesson 3 The Secrets of Your Memory优秀学案
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这是一份北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Lesson 3 The Secrets of Your Memory优秀学案，共23页。学案主要包含了When等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Sectin Ⅳ Lessn 3
1．Discussin—What d yu knw abut yur memry?
The__answer__is__pen.
2．Predictin—Read the title and lk at the pictures n Page 58 ～59 and predict what the text is prbably abut.
The__text__is__mainly__abut__the__answers__t__sme__f__the__mst__cmmn__questins__abut__memry.
1．First reading—Read the text and answer the fllwing questins.
(1)Hw many questins are mentined in the text?
__Fur.
(2)Why are childhd memries are ften very emtinal?
Because__when__we__experience__things__fr__the__first__time,__we__ften__have__strng__feelings__f__fear__r__excitement.
(3)When des ur memry reach its full pwer ?
__At__the__age__f__25.
2．Secnd reading—Read the text carefully and chse the best answer.
(1)When remembering smething new, try t cnnect it t ________．
A．ur knwledgeB．ur experience
C．ur emtinsD．ur thughts
(2)Wh can remember the first 22，514 digits f pi (π)?
A．Stephen WiltshireB．Daniel Tammet
C．Jemima GryaznvD．Hermann Ebbinghaus
(3) When des the sharpest lss f memry ccur?
A．During the very early perid after learning.
B．During the first three days after learning.
C．During the first week after learning.
D．During the first hur after learning.
(4)Hw many brain cells d we lse by the age f 40?
A．1，000B．100，000
C．1000，000D．10，000
答案 (1)C (2)B (3)A (4)D
3．Third reading—Read the text carefully again and fill in the frm belw.
1．Thinking and discussing：Are there any answers given by Jemima Gryaznv that are nt cnvincing t yu? What are yur dubts?
__The__answer__is__pen.
2．Make a summary f the text using yur wn wrds.
__The__answer__is__pen.
记忆相关词
1．sensry memry瞬时记忆，也称感觉记忆
2．shrt－term memry STM短时记忆，也称工作记忆
3．lng－term memry LTM长时记忆
4．imaginatin想象
5．assciatin联想
6．cnnectin联结
7．series methd串联法
8．chain methd锁链法
如何整体理解课文
1．By understanding the title and the first sentence f the text.
2．By understanding the first sentence f each paragraph.
3．By understanding the cnclusin f each paragraph.
4．By understanding the last sentence f the text.
5．By understanding the structure f the whle text.
语言现象感知
Ⅰ.单词理解
体会句中加黑单词的词性和含义
1．We remember things that have strng cnnectins in ur mind，especially emtinal cnnectins.adj.情感上的，情绪上的
2．A persn with a phtgraphic memry culd remember every detail f a picture , a bk r an event many years 详细准确的；照片的
3．This means timely review during this perid, with a few revisits t what is learnt, can significantly help us remember the infrmatin.adj.及时的__n．重新考虑
4．Therefre, ne f the glden rules t increase hw much we remember is t review the material peridically, especially during the first day after learning.v.复习__adv.定期地
Ⅱ.词块积累
写出下列词块的含义
1．emtinal cnnectins情感联结
2．fr the first time第一次
3．as a result结果
4．a phtgraphic memry过目不忘的记忆
5．be curius abut对……感到好奇
6．review the material peridically定期复习材料
7．build strnger memries建立更强的记忆
8．by the age f 40到40岁时
9．take it easy别紧张；放松点
10．make gd use f充分利用
Ⅲ.句式欣赏
1．what引导宾语从句
It is imprtant t cnnect it with what we already knw.
2．that引导宾语从句；wh引导定语从句
A persn with a phtgraphic memry culd remember every detail f a picture, a bk r an event many years later, but n ne has prved that there are peple wh really have phtgraphic memries.
Ⅰ.单词语境记忆——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式
1．Thse cells (细胞) divide and give many ther different types f cells.
2．I was appraching a fairly __sharp (急剧的) bend that swept dwnhill t the left.
3．A cuple f ther pints abut memrisatin(记忆) are als very imprtant fr language learning.
4．What memries d yu have abut yur childhd(童年)?
5．There are s much t learn, s much excitement(兴奋) in this wrld.
6．What d yu think f this arrangement (arrange)?
7．We understand the terrible emtinal (emtin) stress yu have gne thrugh.
8．Therefre, the funding fr the park and museum shuld be increased significantly (significant)．
9．Each cuple came fr an interview abut three mnths befre their wedding, and then peridically (peridical ) afterward.
10．Due t yur timely (time) help and encuragement, I managed t slve all the prblems.
Ⅱ.短语语境填空——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语
1．All singers kept tgether.As__a__result(作为结果), their perfrmance was successful.
2．Take__it__easy(放轻松)when yu are n the stage.
3．I remember seeing the cean fr__the__first__time(第一次)．
4．Everyne is__curius__abut (对……感到好奇) yu, and everyne wants t get t knw new peple.
5．We must make__gd__use__f(充分利用)every minute in class.
6．I can take up__t(多达)fur peple in my car.
Ⅲ.句式语境仿写
1．This is because when we experience things fr the first time, we ften have strng feelings f fear r excitement.
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
[仿写] 这是因为地球的表面是圆的而不是平的。
This__is__because the surface f the earth is nt flat but rund.
2．When remembering smething new, try t cnnect it t ur emtins.
当记忆新事物时，试着把它和我们的情绪联系起来。
[仿写] 一看到妈妈，小女孩就丢下玩具向她跑去。
When__seeing__her__mther,__the little girl drpped her ty and rushed t her.
3．It is imprtant t cnnect it with what we already knw.
把它与我们已知的联系起来是很重要的。
[仿写] 多练习讲英语是非常重要的。
It’s__very__imprtant__t__practice speaking mre English.
记单词
Ⅰ.一言串记多义词
The prisner was lcked in a cell.The cancer cell in his bdy may invade ther parts f the bdy.And he needed t buy a new dry cell.
那囚犯被关在单人牢房内。他体内的癌细胞可能会侵入身体的其他部位。并且他需要买一节新的干电池。
Ⅱ.词缀助记派生词
1．形容词后缀：－al，－ly
emtin (n.)→emtinal (adj.)
time (n.)→timely (adj.)
2．名词后缀：－tin, －hd, －ment
memrise (v.)→
memrisatin (n.)
child (n.)→childhd (n.)
excite (v.)→excitement (n.)
arrange (v.)→ arrangement (n.)
3．副词后缀：－ly
significant (adj.)→significantly (adv.)
peridical (adj.)→
peridically (adv.)
句型公式
1．“ This is because...” 固定句型。
2．状语从句的省略。
3．“It is＋adj.＋t d sth” 句型。
1.arrangement n．计划；安排 arrange v．安排；整理
facts and arrangements(教材P58)事实和安排
[合作探究] 体会arrangement的用法和意义
They are making arrangements fr the party.他们在为晚会做准备。
I’ll make arrangements fr smene t meet yu at the statin.
我将安排一个人去车站接你。
They made an arrangement t meet at the schl gate at 3 pm.
他们约定下午三点钟在校门口见面。
[自主发现]
①make arrangements fr 安排好……
②make arrangements fr sb t d sth 安排某人做某事
③make an arrangement t__d sth 安排做某事,[巩固内化] 完成句子
①Let’s make__arrangements__fr ur trip.
让我们为旅行做准备吧。
②We have finished all__the__arrangements fr the party.
我们已完成了晚会的所有准备工作。
③We __made__arrangements__fr__her__t be treated by a famus dctr.
我们安排好让一位名医来给她治疗。
④ We culd make__an__arrangement__t__meet at 10 ’clck.
我们可以安排在10点钟见面。
2.excitement n．兴奋，激动 excite v．使兴奋；刺激
This is because when we experience things fr the first time, we ften have strng feelings f fear r excitement.(教材P58)
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
[合作探究] 体会excitement的用法和意义
Then why nt g t the city fr sme excitement?
那你为什么不搬到城市里找些刺激呢？
They jumped up and dwn in excitement.他们兴奋得跳来跳去。
His eyes were wild with excitement.他眼中流露出极度兴奋的神情。
[自主发现]
① in excitement 兴奋地
②with excitement 怀着激动的心情
[巩固内化]
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Everyne is in a state f great excitement (excite)．
②Hearing the news that ur team wn, we all jumped up with excitement.
③The bys were running in__excitement．
男孩们兴奋地跑来跑去。
④Her vice rse higher and higher with__excitement．
由于兴奋，她的声音越来越高。
1.as a result作为结果
As a result, we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in ur memries.(教材P58)
结果，我们能更好地记住它们，因为复述事件有助于集中我们记忆中的经历。
[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语
as a result f 因为；由于；作为……的结果
result in 导致；造成
result frm 由……引起
①He gt up very late tday.As a result, he missed the first bus.
他今天起晚了，结果没赶上头班车。
②He was late as a result f the snw.由于大雪他迟到了。
③The bad weather resulted in the traffic jam.坏天气导致了交通阻塞。
④His success resulted frm his hard wrk.努力工作造就了他的成功。
[巩固内化]
单句语法填空/一句多译
①The train was delayed as__a__result__f__ the heavy rain.
由于大雨的缘故，火车晚点了。
②As__a__result,__we have t water the vegetable garden.
因此我们不得不给菜地浇水。
③普遍认为他是因为过度的劳累而得了癌症。
It’s generally believed that his cancer resulted__frm the verfull tiredness.
＝It’s generally believed that the verfull tiredness resulted__in his cancer.
＝It’s generally believed that he suffered frm cancer as__a__result__f__the verfull tiredness.
2.take it easy放轻松
S take it easy.(教材P60)所以放轻松。
[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语
take ne’s time 别着急；慢慢来
take sth seriusly 重视某事；对某事严肃对待
granted 认为……理所当然
把……当作……
①Take it easy.There must be n prblem with that.I believe yu can make it.
别紧张，肯定没有什么问题的。我相信你一定能成功的。
②Take yur time.Yu have plenty f time t finish it.
你可以慢慢来。你有足够的时间完成它。
③If yu take this assignment, take it seriusly and read the instructins.
如果你接受了这个任务，严肃对待它并阅读说明书。
④I take it fr granted that parents shuld d everything fr us, which is wrng.我想当然地认为父母应该为我们做好一切，其实这是错误的。
⑤May she als take yu as a very imprtant friend?
她也会拿你当很重要的朋友吗？
[巩固内化] 完成句子
①Take__it__easy．Yu’ll feel better sn.
放轻松点。你很快就会觉得好点了。
② They take__their__jbs__seriusly and are praised by their bss.
他们对待工作认真，受到老板的表扬。
③Take__yur__time. We’ve gt plenty f time.
别急，我们有的是时间。
④ Hwever, when it cmes t the waste f ne hur, ne day, we take__it__fr__granted．
然而，当涉及到一个小时、一天时间的浪费，我们又不以为然了。
⑤If pssible, I’d like t take__yu__as__an rdinary nline－friend and nt t care abut anything f yu.
如果可以，我愿意选择把你当作一个普通网友，不再关心你的一切。
1.This is because when we experience things fr the first time, we ften have strng feelings f fear r excitement.(教材P58)这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
[句式解读] 句中This is because...意为“这是因为……”，其中because引导的从句在句中作表语，This有时可用It/That替换，指代上文提到的事实。
[用法总结] 其他相关句型
(1)This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因
(2)The reasn that...……的原因是……( why引导定语从句)
(3)The reasn that...……的理由是……(that/ which引导定语从句)
①Tm was absent frm class.That was because he was ill.
汤姆没来上课，那是因为他病了。
②Tm was ill.This was why he was absent frm class.
汤姆病了，这就是他缺课的原因。
③The reasn why Tm was absent frm class was that he was ill.
汤姆没来上课的原因是他生病了。
④The reasn that/which Tm made up fr being absent frm class was that he was ill.汤姆编造的他没来上课的理由是他生病了。,[巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①Lily verslept this mrning.That is why she was late fr wrk.
②He has heart disease.That is because he has been smking t much.
③The reasn why he was late fr the meeting was __that he was held up by a traffic jam during the rush hur.
④ The reasn that/which he gave fr his being late was that he gt up late.
2.It is imprtant t cnnect it with what we already knw.(教材P60)把它与我们已知的联系起来是很重要的。
[句式解读]
句中It is imprtant t cnnect...为“It is＋adj.＋ t d sth” 句型，其中It为形式主语，而不定式短语 t d sth为真正的主语。
[用法拓展] 该句型可以拓展为两种形式：
(1)It is＋adj.＋( fr sb) t d sth“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”，此句型中的形容词是修饰某件事而不是修饰人的，如difficult，easy, hard, imprtant, necessary, pssible等。
①It is easy fr peple t catch sight f the flying plane.
人们看见飞行中的飞机是很容易的。
②It is illegal fr anyne t drive a car withut a license.
在没有驾照的情况下，开车是不合法的。
(2)It is＋adj.＋(f sb) t d sth“(某人)做某事是……的”，此句型中的形容词是修饰人而不是修饰某件事的，如kind, brave, clever, stupid, nice, gd, silly, careful, naughty等。
③It is clever f yu t say s！你这样说可真聪明！
④It’s very careless f yu t always make mistakes.
你总是犯错误，真是太粗心了。,[巩固内化]
单句语法填空/完成句子
① It is difficult t__persuade (persuade) her t stay.
②It is nice fr me t have breakfast with yu.
③It is very clever f yu t wrk ut this questin.
④It’s__dangerus__fr__children__t__swim in the river.
对于孩子们来说，在河里游泳很危险。
⑤It__is__nice__f__yu__t__help him with his English.
你帮他补习英语，真是太好了。
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
We remember things that have strng cnnectins in ur mind, especially 1.emtinal (emtin) cnnectins.We remember interesting and funny stries frm ur childhd 2.that__are ften tld again and again.N ne has prved that there are such peple wh 3.really (real) have phtgraphic memries.But there are sme peple wh d have 4.amazing__(amaze) memries.It is natural fr many peple 5.__t__frget (frget) the new wrds learnt yesterday.The sharpest lss f memry ccurs during the very early perid after 6.learning (learn)．Therefre, ne f the glden 7.rules (rule) t increase hw much we remember is t review the material 8.peridically (peridical), especially during the first day after learning.Our memry reaches 9.its (it) full pwer at the age f 25.After this age, the brain starts t get smaller.By middle age, ur memry is significantly 10.wrse (bad) than when we were yung.
Ⅱ.根据提示完成课堂小作文
汤姆不仅是一位伟大的科学家，而且是一位伟大的数学家。他非常喜欢关于圆周率 (pi) 和数字 (digit) 的数学知识。在业余时间，他会研究直升机(helicpter)飞行时的曲线(curve)。他还记得儿时(childhd)第一次在显微镜下观察细胞(cell)时兴奋(excitement)的情景。在他的一次演讲中，他提到他的父亲是他最感激的人。他爸爸总是对他说：“ 别紧张(Take it easy)! 反思 (review) 你的错误，寻找正确的技巧(technique)，一切都会好起来的。” 有一次，他的腿被一块锋利的 (sharp) 石头击中，是他的父亲及时(timely)把他送到医院的。他还定期(peridically )和父亲谈论自己的情感(emtinal)问题。当他重讲(retell)这段记忆(memrisatin) 时，眼里充满了泪水。多亏了他的父亲，现在他取得了许多重大(significant)成就，出版(publish)了许多书。
Tm__is__nt__nly__a__great__scientist，，，he__mentined__that__his__father__was__the__persn__he__was__mst__grateful__t.His__dad__always__said__t__him__“Take__it__easy!__Review__yur__mistakes__and__lk__fr__the__right__technique，and__all__is__gd.”__Once__he__was__hit__in__the__leg__by__a__sharp__stne，,__nw__he__has__made__many__significant__achievements__and__published__many__bks.
主谓一致
一、语法一致原则
即主语为单数，谓语用单数，主语为复数，谓语也用复数。 即主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．单数主语即使后面带有with , alng with, tgether with, like(象), but (除了), except, besides, as well as，rather than(而不是), including, in additin t 引导的短语， 谓语动词仍用单数。
Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。
N ne except tw servants was late fr the dinner.
除了两个仆人外， 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2．不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。
Serving the peple is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我很大的幸福。
When we’ll g ut fr an uting has been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
3．用连接的并列主语被each, every 或n修饰时， 谓语动词用单数。
Every by and every girl likes t g swimming.
每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。
N teacher and n student was absent frm the meeting.
没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。
4．若主语中有mre than ne 或many a/an, 尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a by likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。
Mre than ne student was late.不止一个学生迟到。
5．名词如：trusers, scissrs, clthes, gds, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。
His clthes are gd.他的衣服很好。
二、意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．主语中有all, half, mst, the rest等， 以及”分数或百分数＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词。
The rest f the bikes are n sale tday.剩下的自行车， 今天出售。
60% f the apple was eaten by the little by.
这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Mst f the apples were rtten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。
2．表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作主语时， 尽管是复数形式， 它们作为一个单一的概念时， 其谓语动词用单数。
Ten miles is a gd distance.十英里是一段相当长的距离。
3．(1)通常作复数的集体名词，包括plice , peple, cattle 等，其谓语动词常用复数。
The British plice have nly very limited pwers.英国警察的权力非常有限。
(2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词，包括equipment, furniture, clthing, luggage 等，其谓语动词常用单数。
(3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，包括 audience, cmmittee, gvernment, family, enemy, grup, party, team, public 等。
The cmmittee has/have decided t dismiss him.委员会决定解雇他。
4．the＋形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人， 作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。
The injured were saved after the fire.受伤的人在火灾后得救了。
三、就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1．由here, there等引导的倒装句中，有时主语不止一个时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。
Here cmes the bus.公共汽车来了。
Here is a pen and sme pieces f paper fr yu.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
2．用连词r, , , nt als 等连接的并列主语， 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。
Neither the students nr the teacher knws anything abut it.
学生和老师都不知道这事。
He r yu have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致；意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致；就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。
[巩固内化1]
1．My father, tgether with sme f his ld friends, has__been (be) there already.
2．Mre than ne answer has__been__given (give) t the questin.
3．Laying eggs is (be) the ant queen’ s full－time jb.
4．Each man and wman has (have) the same rights.
5．My blue trusers are wrn ut. One pair f trusers__is__nt enugh.(be)
6．Many a student has__realized (realize) the imprtance f learning a freign language.
[巩固内化2]
1．Mst f the students are bys.
2．Mst f his mney is spent n bks.(be)
3．Half f the visitrs are frm Eurpe.Half f the fruit is bad.(be)
4．Five hundred dllars is (be) mre than he can affrd.
5．The pliceman is standing at the street crner.The plice are searching fr him.(be)
6．The yung are__(be) the vital frces in ur sciety.
[巩固内化3]
1．Neither Tm nr his parents are (be) at hme.
2．Nt nly I but als David and Iris are(be) fnd f playing basketball.
3．Either yu r I am (be) ging t the teachers’ ffice after class.
4．There is a pen, an ink bttle, and sme bks n it.There are sme bwls, plates and a spn n it.(be)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—Is either he r I prud f the jb?
—Neither he nr yu are．(be)
2．The factry, including its equipment and buildings, was (be) burnt last night.
3．Over 70 percent f the ppulatin in this prvince are__(be) farmers.
4．War and peace is (be) a cnstant theme in histry.
5．Each teacher and each scientist was (be) invited t take part in the cnference.
6．Three hurs with yur ld friends seems (seem) t be a shrt time.
7．On each side f the rad grw (grw) a lt f tall trees.
8．Jack，as well as his relatives and friends，is__hlding (hld) a party at hme nw.
9．What I want is an interesting bk while what he expects are tw cups f cffee.(be)
10．The rest f the nvel is (be) very wnderful and instructive.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．This pair f trusers belngs__t my sister.
这条裤子是我姐姐的。
2．Mre than ne student has__made__that__mistake befre.
不止一个学生以前犯过这样的错误。
3．The wunded are__being__dne first aid beside the rad nw.伤者现在正在路边接受急救。
4．He has eaten up sme f the cheese.The rest has__gne__bad．他已经吃完了一些奶酪。其余的都坏了。
5．What he wants is sme advice n hw t learn English, while what he lks frward t are sme English dictinaries.
他想要的是一些关于如何学习英语的建议，而他期待的是一些英语词典。
6．Swimming in the Yangtze River needs__great__curage．
在长江游泳需要很大的勇气。
7．Either yu r Jack is__abut__t__take__the__place__f the manager.不是你就是杰克即将代替经理的职位。
8．The class are__busy__wrking n the exercises at the mment.这个班现在正忙着做练习。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have tld him abut the arrangement(安排)f the meeting.
2．She spent all f her childhd(童年)and adlescence in the cuntryside.
3．In the summer, when we returned t Canada, we revisited(重游) this lake at dawn.
4．In many sprts physical fitness is nt as imprtant as technique(技巧)．
5．He published(出版) this bk with his pen－name.
6．I cut myself with a __sharp (锋利的) knife.
7．Please retell (复述) the fairy stry in English.
8．I really appreciate yur timely(及时的) help.
9．S in the phtgraphic (摄影的) prfessin, I feel very lucky.
10．They ffer each ther emtinal(情感上的) supprt.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I really want yu t share my excitement (excite) and happiness with me.
2．His memrisatin (memrise) f vcabularies is well enugh t nt making mistakes in tests.
3．We have already made arrangements (arrange) fr ur vacatin.
4．As a result, I have a gd cmmand f English.
5．Jack, with his parents, intends (intend) t set ut fr Eurpe n business next week.
6．It is very wise f him t__read (read) this nvel.
7．When staying (stay) at hme, I ften play chess with my grandpa.
8．Tm was late fr wrk this mrning.That is because he verslept.
9．He stared at the girl as if he had seen her fr the first time.
10．After __picking (pick) up his things，he hurried t the statin.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
I mved frm the busy dwntwn t the cuntryside arund Shanghai when I started elementary schl.At first, I thught I was ging t hate it, but t my surprise, I fund that I preferred the quiet cuntry life ver the nisy city life.
The next mve was mre f a surprise fr me.I was having a gd time with my friends at schl.But all f a sudden, my mm tld me that we were ging t mve t the United States.Can yu imagine hw I must have felt? My English wasn’t that gd, thugh I did knw the basics.
The day I arrived in the US was a snwy day.Fr a girl wh grew up in Shanghai and hadn’t seen real thick snw n the grund, it was a big thing.Cmpared with my schl in China, there were a lt mre creative thinking questins, which I was better at anyway.
Time flew by and it had been almst fur years since I mved.Then again, I was tld we were ging t mve t Singapre.
As I’m writing this article, I am still new here and have been ging t schl fr abut tw and a half mnths.I fund ut that the educatin here is quite special.Different frm AP system in the US, the Singapre CIS uses the IB system.
This switch drwned me in cnstant stress.I was cnfused abut the new curriculum, and I knew it wuld take me a lng time t adapt.But what I’ve gtten ut f my experience ver three cuntries is that n matter where yu are studying, yu are always learning.And a piece f advice t peple wh are ging t mve arund the glbe：It’s always best t just rll with it.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文，作者介绍了自己经常转学去不同国家的经历。
1．What did the writer think f life in the cuntryside?
A．It wasn’t as interesting as she expected.
B．It was n better than city life.
C．She wished she had mved t the cuntryside earlier.
D．She lved t live in the cuntryside.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的I fund that I preferred the quiet cuntry life ver the nisy city life.可知，作者更喜欢住在乡村。故选D。]
2．What did the writer wrry abut mst abut befre mving t the US?
A．It wuld be difficult t make new friends.
B．Language wuld be a big prblem fr her.
C．She wuldn’t get used t the weather there.
D．She wuldn’t like the schls there.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的Can yu knw the basics.可知，当妈妈告诉作者要去美国时，她想到自己的英语不好。所以她觉得语言是最大的问题。故选B。]
3．What des she say abut her schl life in Singapre?
A．Creative thinking is mre cmmn.
B．Students are asked t d many prjects tgether.
C．Students have mre freedm t chse classes than in the US.
D．It is different frm the US schl system.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第五段中的I fund ut the IB system.可知，新加坡的教育与美国不同，故选D。]
4．What is the writer’s attitude twards her wrldwide schling?
A．Psitive.B．Negative.
C．Critical.D．Dubtful.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的And a piece f with it.可知，对于那些要到世界各地的人，作者有一条忠告：随遇而安总是最好的。因此可以推断作者的态度还是很积极乐观的。故选A。]
Ⅳ.七选五
When watching a sccer game r basketball match, yu might hear peple encuraging their favrite team by shuting things like “cme n” r “g fr it”．Culd the Chinese phrase “add il” als becme a frequent cheer at sprting events?
Last mnth, “add il”，a direct translatin f “jiayu”，was added t the nline Oxfrd English Dictinary (OED)．__1__ It is believed t have riginated as a cheer at the Maca Grand Prix(汽车大奖赛)during the 1960s.
__2__“OED is recgnizing the legitimacy (合法性)f ur English and its ptential t be relevant t the anglphne(英语为母语者)wrld” Wee Lian－hee，prfessr f language studies at Baptist University’s English Department, tld the Suth China Mrning Pst.We can certainly reach ut and cmmunicate with the wrld withut having t give up n being urselves.”
S hw des a wrd get int the OED？__3__ New wrds are als required t have been used ver a reasnable amunt f befre being added.The prcess f adding wrds can be lng and painstaking.
__4__ Let’s take a lk.
Hngba：A traditinal gift f mney presented in a red envelpe.
Jiazi：A crescent－shaped (新月形的)dumpling made f thin pastry.
Wuxia：__5__
A．Chinese peple are excited that Chinglish phrases like these are gaining recgnitin.
B．Accrding t Oxfrd University Press, wrds can be added as lng as they are understd by readers withut the need fr an explanatin f its meaning.
C．Belw are sme ther Chinese wrds that have been added t the OED.
D．OED is becming mre and mre ppular in the wrld.
E．The phrase refers t adding fuel int a vehicle.
F．Chinese slang is causing jkes in ur life.
G．A type f fictin r cinema featuring ancient Chinese warrirs (勇士)．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍“加油(add il)”被收录到牛津词典中，一些中国式短语得到承认，这让我们中国人非常兴奋。
1．E [根据上文可知，这个短语被收录到词典中，因此此处介绍一下它的原义。“加油”这个短语本义是往汽车里面加入燃料。故选E。]
2．A [根据下文可知，OED承认了我们所说的英语的合法性，这样我们可以与世界交流而又不用放弃我们自己的说法，因此中国式的短语得到承认令我们中国人感到非常兴奋。故选A。]
3．B [上文是一个问题S hw des a wrd get int the OED？一个词是如何进入到牛津词典中的？那么这个空格处就是回答上文的问题，只要不需要解释意思就能被理解，这样就可以被加入到词典中去。故选B。]
4．C [下文又举了几个例子，来说明被词典收录的中国式短语，此处用来引出下文的这些例子。故选C。]
5．G [此处用来解释前面的词语Wuxia(武侠)，武侠就是中国古代武士题材的小说或电影。故选G。]
Ⅴ.语法填空
As I write this, I’m sitting n a bus back t Santiag in Chile where I am wrking 1.________ a writer.I’ve just spent the weekend in a city called La Serena nrth f Santiag.I was lucky enugh t see the flwering desert, a natural scene that 2.________ (ccur) arund every five years here in the Atacama Desert.
3．________ (fllw) a particularly large amunt f rainfall earlier, a(n) 4.________(vary) f flwers cme int blssm.Bright purple flwers create 5.________ unbelievably beautiful scene at the base f the surrunding muntains.
6．________ (have) a lk at this wnderful treasure f nature, we tk a bus frm La Serena t a nearby twn and then rented a car t g t the we saw did nt disappint us, and as expected it was even mre fascinating than the pictures we had seen nline.The blm was particularly 8.________ (impress) this year due t the strng presence f El Nin (a band f warm water in the Pacific Ocean that changes the temperatures and increases the rainfall in certain areas)．The vast carpet f clr 9.________ spread int the distance twards the cntrasting green hills was 10.________(simple) breathtaking and deserved a large amunt f phts! A real reminder f the beauty ur planet can prvide.
【语篇解读】 本文属于记叙文。本文记叙了作者坐在一辆公共汽车上所看到的开花的沙漠。这一壮丽的自然景象，给作者以深刻的印象。
1．as [考查介词。句意：我作为一位作家在那里工作。介词as表示“作为”。故填as。]
2．ccurs [考查谓语动词。句意：我幸运地看到了开花的沙漠，这是阿塔卡马沙漠每五年发生一次的自然现象。a natural phenmenn that ccurs...本句是定语从句，先行词是a natural phenmenn，在从句中作主语，单数，指物用that，所以谓语动词ccur要用单数ccurs。]
3．Fllwing [考查非谓语动词。句意：随着年初充沛的大规模降雨。Fllw与逻辑主语flwers是主动关系，故要用Fllwing。]
4．variety [考查固定搭配。句意：各类鲜花竞相绽放。a variety f意为“各种各样的”，为固定搭配。故要用vary的名词形式variety。]
5．an [考查冠词。句意：明亮的紫色花创造出一个难以置信的美丽场景。表数量的“一”，形容词unbelievably以元音音素开头，故用an。]
6．T have [考查动词不定式。句意：为了看一眼这壮丽的大自然的瑰宝，我们……。表示目的，用T have。]
7．What [考查主语从句。句意：我们所看到的没有让我们失望。________ we saw本句是主语从句，其中saw缺少宾语，表示看到的东西，故要用What。]
8．impressive [考查形容词。句意：这花特别引人注目(impressive)。这里用形容词作表语。故填impressive。]
9．that/which [考查定语从句。The vast carpet f clr 9.________ spread int the distance twards the cntrasting green hills。本句是定语从句，先行词是The vast carpet f clur，在从句中作主语，故可以用that /which。]
10．simply [考查副词。句意：那条铺满色彩的大地毯，一直延伸到通往青山的远处，简直令人叹为观止，值得拍大量的照片！用副词simply来修饰形容词breathtaking。]
Questins abut memry
Answers
Why can I remember events in my childhd but nt what happened last week？
We remember things that have strng cnnectins in ur mind, especially ①emtinal__cnnectins. Childhd memries are ften very emtinal. S it is imprtant t cnnect smething new with what we already knw. Als, we can try t ②retell__what__we__have__learnt t a few thers.
D sme peple really have a phtgraphic memry？
A persn with a phtgraphic memry culd remember every detail f a picture, a bk r an event many years later, but n ne has prved that there are peple wh really have ③phtgraphic__memries. S we simply need t fcus n the imprtant ideas and be curius abut what we learn when memrising ④detailed__learning__materials．
Why d I frget the new wrds that I learnt yesterday？
This is ⑤natural fr many peple. The sharpest lss f memry ccurs during the very early perid after learning. Therefre, ne f the glden rules t increase hw much we remember is t ⑥review__the__material__peridically,__especially during the first day after learning.
I’m 16, but I smetimes frget things. Is my memry getting wrse？
Definitely nt. Our memry reaches its ⑦full__pwer at the age f 25. After this age, hwever, the brain starts t ⑧get__smaller．By middle age, ur memry is significantly wrse than when we were yung.
Sectin Ⅳ Lessn 3
1．Discussin—What d yu knw abut yur memry?
The__answer__is__pen.
2．Predictin—Read the title and lk at the pictures n Page 58 ～59 and predict what the text is prbably abut.
The__text__is__mainly__abut__the__answers__t__sme__f__the__mst__cmmn__questins__abut__memry.
1．First reading—Read the text and answer the fllwing questins.
(1)Hw many questins are mentined in the text?
__Fur.
(2)Why are childhd memries are ften very emtinal?
Because__when__we__experience__things__fr__the__first__time,__we__ften__have__strng__feelings__f__fear__r__excitement.
(3)When des ur memry reach its full pwer ?
__At__the__age__f__25.
2．Secnd reading—Read the text carefully and chse the best answer.
(1)When remembering smething new, try t cnnect it t ________．
A．ur knwledgeB．ur experience
C．ur emtinsD．ur thughts
(2)Wh can remember the first 22，514 digits f pi (π)?
A．Stephen WiltshireB．Daniel Tammet
C．Jemima GryaznvD．Hermann Ebbinghaus
(3) When des the sharpest lss f memry ccur?
A．During the very early perid after learning.
B．During the first three days after learning.
C．During the first week after learning.
D．During the first hur after learning.
(4)Hw many brain cells d we lse by the age f 40?
A．1，000B．100，000
C．1000，000D．10，000
答案 (1)C (2)B (3)A (4)D
3．Third reading—Read the text carefully again and fill in the frm belw.
1．Thinking and discussing：Are there any answers given by Jemima Gryaznv that are nt cnvincing t yu? What are yur dubts?
__The__answer__is__pen.
2．Make a summary f the text using yur wn wrds.
__The__answer__is__pen.
记忆相关词
1．sensry memry瞬时记忆，也称感觉记忆
2．shrt－term memry STM短时记忆，也称工作记忆
3．lng－term memry LTM长时记忆
4．imaginatin想象
5．assciatin联想
6．cnnectin联结
7．series methd串联法
8．chain methd锁链法
如何整体理解课文
1．By understanding the title and the first sentence f the text.
2．By understanding the first sentence f each paragraph.
3．By understanding the cnclusin f each paragraph.
4．By understanding the last sentence f the text.
5．By understanding the structure f the whle text.
语言现象感知
Ⅰ.单词理解
体会句中加黑单词的词性和含义
1．We remember things that have strng cnnectins in ur mind，especially emtinal cnnectins.adj.情感上的，情绪上的
2．A persn with a phtgraphic memry culd remember every detail f a picture , a bk r an event many years 详细准确的；照片的
3．This means timely review during this perid, with a few revisits t what is learnt, can significantly help us remember the infrmatin.adj.及时的__n．重新考虑
4．Therefre, ne f the glden rules t increase hw much we remember is t review the material peridically, especially during the first day after learning.v.复习__adv.定期地
Ⅱ.词块积累
写出下列词块的含义
1．emtinal cnnectins情感联结
2．fr the first time第一次
3．as a result结果
4．a phtgraphic memry过目不忘的记忆
5．be curius abut对……感到好奇
6．review the material peridically定期复习材料
7．build strnger memries建立更强的记忆
8．by the age f 40到40岁时
9．take it easy别紧张；放松点
10．make gd use f充分利用
Ⅲ.句式欣赏
1．what引导宾语从句
It is imprtant t cnnect it with what we already knw.
2．that引导宾语从句；wh引导定语从句
A persn with a phtgraphic memry culd remember every detail f a picture, a bk r an event many years later, but n ne has prved that there are peple wh really have phtgraphic memries.
Ⅰ.单词语境记忆——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式
1．Thse cells (细胞) divide and give many ther different types f cells.
2．I was appraching a fairly __sharp (急剧的) bend that swept dwnhill t the left.
3．A cuple f ther pints abut memrisatin(记忆) are als very imprtant fr language learning.
4．What memries d yu have abut yur childhd(童年)?
5．There are s much t learn, s much excitement(兴奋) in this wrld.
6．What d yu think f this arrangement (arrange)?
7．We understand the terrible emtinal (emtin) stress yu have gne thrugh.
8．Therefre, the funding fr the park and museum shuld be increased significantly (significant)．
9．Each cuple came fr an interview abut three mnths befre their wedding, and then peridically (peridical ) afterward.
10．Due t yur timely (time) help and encuragement, I managed t slve all the prblems.
Ⅱ.短语语境填空——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语
1．All singers kept tgether.As__a__result(作为结果), their perfrmance was successful.
2．Take__it__easy(放轻松)when yu are n the stage.
3．I remember seeing the cean fr__the__first__time(第一次)．
4．Everyne is__curius__abut (对……感到好奇) yu, and everyne wants t get t knw new peple.
5．We must make__gd__use__f(充分利用)every minute in class.
6．I can take up__t(多达)fur peple in my car.
Ⅲ.句式语境仿写
1．This is because when we experience things fr the first time, we ften have strng feelings f fear r excitement.
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
[仿写] 这是因为地球的表面是圆的而不是平的。
This__is__because the surface f the earth is nt flat but rund.
2．When remembering smething new, try t cnnect it t ur emtins.
当记忆新事物时，试着把它和我们的情绪联系起来。
[仿写] 一看到妈妈，小女孩就丢下玩具向她跑去。
When__seeing__her__mther,__the little girl drpped her ty and rushed t her.
3．It is imprtant t cnnect it with what we already knw.
把它与我们已知的联系起来是很重要的。
[仿写] 多练习讲英语是非常重要的。
It’s__very__imprtant__t__practice speaking mre English.
记单词
Ⅰ.一言串记多义词
The prisner was lcked in a cell.The cancer cell in his bdy may invade ther parts f the bdy.And he needed t buy a new dry cell.
那囚犯被关在单人牢房内。他体内的癌细胞可能会侵入身体的其他部位。并且他需要买一节新的干电池。
Ⅱ.词缀助记派生词
1．形容词后缀：－al，－ly
emtin (n.)→emtinal (adj.)
time (n.)→timely (adj.)
2．名词后缀：－tin, －hd, －ment
memrise (v.)→
memrisatin (n.)
child (n.)→childhd (n.)
excite (v.)→excitement (n.)
arrange (v.)→ arrangement (n.)
3．副词后缀：－ly
significant (adj.)→significantly (adv.)
peridical (adj.)→
peridically (adv.)
句型公式
1．“ This is because...” 固定句型。
2．状语从句的省略。
3．“It is＋adj.＋t d sth” 句型。
1.arrangement n．计划；安排 arrange v．安排；整理
facts and arrangements(教材P58)事实和安排
[合作探究] 体会arrangement的用法和意义
They are making arrangements fr the party.他们在为晚会做准备。
I’ll make arrangements fr smene t meet yu at the statin.
我将安排一个人去车站接你。
They made an arrangement t meet at the schl gate at 3 pm.
他们约定下午三点钟在校门口见面。
[自主发现]
①make arrangements fr 安排好……
②make arrangements fr sb t d sth 安排某人做某事
③make an arrangement t__d sth 安排做某事,[巩固内化] 完成句子
①Let’s make__arrangements__fr ur trip.
让我们为旅行做准备吧。
②We have finished all__the__arrangements fr the party.
我们已完成了晚会的所有准备工作。
③We __made__arrangements__fr__her__t be treated by a famus dctr.
我们安排好让一位名医来给她治疗。
④ We culd make__an__arrangement__t__meet at 10 ’clck.
我们可以安排在10点钟见面。
2.excitement n．兴奋，激动 excite v．使兴奋；刺激
This is because when we experience things fr the first time, we ften have strng feelings f fear r excitement.(教材P58)
这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
[合作探究] 体会excitement的用法和意义
Then why nt g t the city fr sme excitement?
那你为什么不搬到城市里找些刺激呢？
They jumped up and dwn in excitement.他们兴奋得跳来跳去。
His eyes were wild with excitement.他眼中流露出极度兴奋的神情。
[自主发现]
① in excitement 兴奋地
②with excitement 怀着激动的心情
[巩固内化]
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Everyne is in a state f great excitement (excite)．
②Hearing the news that ur team wn, we all jumped up with excitement.
③The bys were running in__excitement．
男孩们兴奋地跑来跑去。
④Her vice rse higher and higher with__excitement．
由于兴奋，她的声音越来越高。
1.as a result作为结果
As a result, we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in ur memries.(教材P58)
结果，我们能更好地记住它们，因为复述事件有助于集中我们记忆中的经历。
[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语
as a result f 因为；由于；作为……的结果
result in 导致；造成
result frm 由……引起
①He gt up very late tday.As a result, he missed the first bus.
他今天起晚了，结果没赶上头班车。
②He was late as a result f the snw.由于大雪他迟到了。
③The bad weather resulted in the traffic jam.坏天气导致了交通阻塞。
④His success resulted frm his hard wrk.努力工作造就了他的成功。
[巩固内化]
单句语法填空/一句多译
①The train was delayed as__a__result__f__ the heavy rain.
由于大雨的缘故，火车晚点了。
②As__a__result,__we have t water the vegetable garden.
因此我们不得不给菜地浇水。
③普遍认为他是因为过度的劳累而得了癌症。
It’s generally believed that his cancer resulted__frm the verfull tiredness.
＝It’s generally believed that the verfull tiredness resulted__in his cancer.
＝It’s generally believed that he suffered frm cancer as__a__result__f__the verfull tiredness.
2.take it easy放轻松
S take it easy.(教材P60)所以放轻松。
[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语
take ne’s time 别着急；慢慢来
take sth seriusly 重视某事；对某事严肃对待
granted 认为……理所当然
把……当作……
①Take it easy.There must be n prblem with that.I believe yu can make it.
别紧张，肯定没有什么问题的。我相信你一定能成功的。
②Take yur time.Yu have plenty f time t finish it.
你可以慢慢来。你有足够的时间完成它。
③If yu take this assignment, take it seriusly and read the instructins.
如果你接受了这个任务，严肃对待它并阅读说明书。
④I take it fr granted that parents shuld d everything fr us, which is wrng.我想当然地认为父母应该为我们做好一切，其实这是错误的。
⑤May she als take yu as a very imprtant friend?
她也会拿你当很重要的朋友吗？
[巩固内化] 完成句子
①Take__it__easy．Yu’ll feel better sn.
放轻松点。你很快就会觉得好点了。
② They take__their__jbs__seriusly and are praised by their bss.
他们对待工作认真，受到老板的表扬。
③Take__yur__time. We’ve gt plenty f time.
别急，我们有的是时间。
④ Hwever, when it cmes t the waste f ne hur, ne day, we take__it__fr__granted．
然而，当涉及到一个小时、一天时间的浪费，我们又不以为然了。
⑤If pssible, I’d like t take__yu__as__an rdinary nline－friend and nt t care abut anything f yu.
如果可以，我愿意选择把你当作一个普通网友，不再关心你的一切。
1.This is because when we experience things fr the first time, we ften have strng feelings f fear r excitement.(教材P58)这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。
[句式解读] 句中This is because...意为“这是因为……”，其中because引导的从句在句中作表语，This有时可用It/That替换，指代上文提到的事实。
[用法总结] 其他相关句型
(1)This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因
(2)The reasn that...……的原因是……( why引导定语从句)
(3)The reasn that...……的理由是……(that/ which引导定语从句)
①Tm was absent frm class.That was because he was ill.
汤姆没来上课，那是因为他病了。
②Tm was ill.This was why he was absent frm class.
汤姆病了，这就是他缺课的原因。
③The reasn why Tm was absent frm class was that he was ill.
汤姆没来上课的原因是他生病了。
④The reasn that/which Tm made up fr being absent frm class was that he was ill.汤姆编造的他没来上课的理由是他生病了。,[巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①Lily verslept this mrning.That is why she was late fr wrk.
②He has heart disease.That is because he has been smking t much.
③The reasn why he was late fr the meeting was __that he was held up by a traffic jam during the rush hur.
④ The reasn that/which he gave fr his being late was that he gt up late.
2.It is imprtant t cnnect it with what we already knw.(教材P60)把它与我们已知的联系起来是很重要的。
[句式解读]
句中It is imprtant t cnnect...为“It is＋adj.＋ t d sth” 句型，其中It为形式主语，而不定式短语 t d sth为真正的主语。
[用法拓展] 该句型可以拓展为两种形式：
(1)It is＋adj.＋( fr sb) t d sth“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”，此句型中的形容词是修饰某件事而不是修饰人的，如difficult，easy, hard, imprtant, necessary, pssible等。
①It is easy fr peple t catch sight f the flying plane.
人们看见飞行中的飞机是很容易的。
②It is illegal fr anyne t drive a car withut a license.
在没有驾照的情况下，开车是不合法的。
(2)It is＋adj.＋(f sb) t d sth“(某人)做某事是……的”，此句型中的形容词是修饰人而不是修饰某件事的，如kind, brave, clever, stupid, nice, gd, silly, careful, naughty等。
③It is clever f yu t say s！你这样说可真聪明！
④It’s very careless f yu t always make mistakes.
你总是犯错误，真是太粗心了。,[巩固内化]
单句语法填空/完成句子
① It is difficult t__persuade (persuade) her t stay.
②It is nice fr me t have breakfast with yu.
③It is very clever f yu t wrk ut this questin.
④It’s__dangerus__fr__children__t__swim in the river.
对于孩子们来说，在河里游泳很危险。
⑤It__is__nice__f__yu__t__help him with his English.
你帮他补习英语，真是太好了。
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
We remember things that have strng cnnectins in ur mind, especially 1.emtinal (emtin) cnnectins.We remember interesting and funny stries frm ur childhd 2.that__are ften tld again and again.N ne has prved that there are such peple wh 3.really (real) have phtgraphic memries.But there are sme peple wh d have 4.amazing__(amaze) memries.It is natural fr many peple 5.__t__frget (frget) the new wrds learnt yesterday.The sharpest lss f memry ccurs during the very early perid after 6.learning (learn)．Therefre, ne f the glden 7.rules (rule) t increase hw much we remember is t review the material 8.peridically (peridical), especially during the first day after learning.Our memry reaches 9.its (it) full pwer at the age f 25.After this age, the brain starts t get smaller.By middle age, ur memry is significantly 10.wrse (bad) than when we were yung.
Ⅱ.根据提示完成课堂小作文
汤姆不仅是一位伟大的科学家，而且是一位伟大的数学家。他非常喜欢关于圆周率 (pi) 和数字 (digit) 的数学知识。在业余时间，他会研究直升机(helicpter)飞行时的曲线(curve)。他还记得儿时(childhd)第一次在显微镜下观察细胞(cell)时兴奋(excitement)的情景。在他的一次演讲中，他提到他的父亲是他最感激的人。他爸爸总是对他说：“ 别紧张(Take it easy)! 反思 (review) 你的错误，寻找正确的技巧(technique)，一切都会好起来的。” 有一次，他的腿被一块锋利的 (sharp) 石头击中，是他的父亲及时(timely)把他送到医院的。他还定期(peridically )和父亲谈论自己的情感(emtinal)问题。当他重讲(retell)这段记忆(memrisatin) 时，眼里充满了泪水。多亏了他的父亲，现在他取得了许多重大(significant)成就，出版(publish)了许多书。
Tm__is__nt__nly__a__great__scientist，，，he__mentined__that__his__father__was__the__persn__he__was__mst__grateful__t.His__dad__always__said__t__him__“Take__it__easy!__Review__yur__mistakes__and__lk__fr__the__right__technique，and__all__is__gd.”__Once__he__was__hit__in__the__leg__by__a__sharp__stne，,__nw__he__has__made__many__significant__achievements__and__published__many__bks.
主谓一致
一、语法一致原则
即主语为单数，谓语用单数，主语为复数，谓语也用复数。 即主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．单数主语即使后面带有with , alng with, tgether with, like(象), but (除了), except, besides, as well as，rather than(而不是), including, in additin t 引导的短语， 谓语动词仍用单数。
Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。
N ne except tw servants was late fr the dinner.
除了两个仆人外， 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2．不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。
Serving the peple is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我很大的幸福。
When we’ll g ut fr an uting has been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
3．用连接的并列主语被each, every 或n修饰时， 谓语动词用单数。
Every by and every girl likes t g swimming.
每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。
N teacher and n student was absent frm the meeting.
没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。
4．若主语中有mre than ne 或many a/an, 尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a by likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。
Mre than ne student was late.不止一个学生迟到。
5．名词如：trusers, scissrs, clthes, gds, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。
His clthes are gd.他的衣服很好。
二、意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．主语中有all, half, mst, the rest等， 以及”分数或百分数＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词。
The rest f the bikes are n sale tday.剩下的自行车， 今天出售。
60% f the apple was eaten by the little by.
这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Mst f the apples were rtten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。
2．表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作主语时， 尽管是复数形式， 它们作为一个单一的概念时， 其谓语动词用单数。
Ten miles is a gd distance.十英里是一段相当长的距离。
3．(1)通常作复数的集体名词，包括plice , peple, cattle 等，其谓语动词常用复数。
The British plice have nly very limited pwers.英国警察的权力非常有限。
(2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词，包括equipment, furniture, clthing, luggage 等，其谓语动词常用单数。
(3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，包括 audience, cmmittee, gvernment, family, enemy, grup, party, team, public 等。
The cmmittee has/have decided t dismiss him.委员会决定解雇他。
4．the＋形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人， 作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。
The injured were saved after the fire.受伤的人在火灾后得救了。
三、就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1．由here, there等引导的倒装句中，有时主语不止一个时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。
Here cmes the bus.公共汽车来了。
Here is a pen and sme pieces f paper fr yu.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
2．用连词r, , , nt als 等连接的并列主语， 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。
Neither the students nr the teacher knws anything abut it.
学生和老师都不知道这事。
He r yu have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致；意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致；就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。
[巩固内化1]
1．My father, tgether with sme f his ld friends, has__been (be) there already.
2．Mre than ne answer has__been__given (give) t the questin.
3．Laying eggs is (be) the ant queen’ s full－time jb.
4．Each man and wman has (have) the same rights.
5．My blue trusers are wrn ut. One pair f trusers__is__nt enugh.(be)
6．Many a student has__realized (realize) the imprtance f learning a freign language.
[巩固内化2]
1．Mst f the students are bys.
2．Mst f his mney is spent n bks.(be)
3．Half f the visitrs are frm Eurpe.Half f the fruit is bad.(be)
4．Five hundred dllars is (be) mre than he can affrd.
5．The pliceman is standing at the street crner.The plice are searching fr him.(be)
6．The yung are__(be) the vital frces in ur sciety.
[巩固内化3]
1．Neither Tm nr his parents are (be) at hme.
2．Nt nly I but als David and Iris are(be) fnd f playing basketball.
3．Either yu r I am (be) ging t the teachers’ ffice after class.
4．There is a pen, an ink bttle, and sme bks n it.There are sme bwls, plates and a spn n it.(be)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—Is either he r I prud f the jb?
—Neither he nr yu are．(be)
2．The factry, including its equipment and buildings, was (be) burnt last night.
3．Over 70 percent f the ppulatin in this prvince are__(be) farmers.
4．War and peace is (be) a cnstant theme in histry.
5．Each teacher and each scientist was (be) invited t take part in the cnference.
6．Three hurs with yur ld friends seems (seem) t be a shrt time.
7．On each side f the rad grw (grw) a lt f tall trees.
8．Jack，as well as his relatives and friends，is__hlding (hld) a party at hme nw.
9．What I want is an interesting bk while what he expects are tw cups f cffee.(be)
10．The rest f the nvel is (be) very wnderful and instructive.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．This pair f trusers belngs__t my sister.
这条裤子是我姐姐的。
2．Mre than ne student has__made__that__mistake befre.
不止一个学生以前犯过这样的错误。
3．The wunded are__being__dne first aid beside the rad nw.伤者现在正在路边接受急救。
4．He has eaten up sme f the cheese.The rest has__gne__bad．他已经吃完了一些奶酪。其余的都坏了。
5．What he wants is sme advice n hw t learn English, while what he lks frward t are sme English dictinaries.
他想要的是一些关于如何学习英语的建议，而他期待的是一些英语词典。
6．Swimming in the Yangtze River needs__great__curage．
在长江游泳需要很大的勇气。
7．Either yu r Jack is__abut__t__take__the__place__f the manager.不是你就是杰克即将代替经理的职位。
8．The class are__busy__wrking n the exercises at the mment.这个班现在正忙着做练习。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have tld him abut the arrangement(安排)f the meeting.
2．She spent all f her childhd(童年)and adlescence in the cuntryside.
3．In the summer, when we returned t Canada, we revisited(重游) this lake at dawn.
4．In many sprts physical fitness is nt as imprtant as technique(技巧)．
5．He published(出版) this bk with his pen－name.
6．I cut myself with a __sharp (锋利的) knife.
7．Please retell (复述) the fairy stry in English.
8．I really appreciate yur timely(及时的) help.
9．S in the phtgraphic (摄影的) prfessin, I feel very lucky.
10．They ffer each ther emtinal(情感上的) supprt.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I really want yu t share my excitement (excite) and happiness with me.
2．His memrisatin (memrise) f vcabularies is well enugh t nt making mistakes in tests.
3．We have already made arrangements (arrange) fr ur vacatin.
4．As a result, I have a gd cmmand f English.
5．Jack, with his parents, intends (intend) t set ut fr Eurpe n business next week.
6．It is very wise f him t__read (read) this nvel.
7．When staying (stay) at hme, I ften play chess with my grandpa.
8．Tm was late fr wrk this mrning.That is because he verslept.
9．He stared at the girl as if he had seen her fr the first time.
10．After __picking (pick) up his things，he hurried t the statin.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
I mved frm the busy dwntwn t the cuntryside arund Shanghai when I started elementary schl.At first, I thught I was ging t hate it, but t my surprise, I fund that I preferred the quiet cuntry life ver the nisy city life.
The next mve was mre f a surprise fr me.I was having a gd time with my friends at schl.But all f a sudden, my mm tld me that we were ging t mve t the United States.Can yu imagine hw I must have felt? My English wasn’t that gd, thugh I did knw the basics.
The day I arrived in the US was a snwy day.Fr a girl wh grew up in Shanghai and hadn’t seen real thick snw n the grund, it was a big thing.Cmpared with my schl in China, there were a lt mre creative thinking questins, which I was better at anyway.
Time flew by and it had been almst fur years since I mved.Then again, I was tld we were ging t mve t Singapre.
As I’m writing this article, I am still new here and have been ging t schl fr abut tw and a half mnths.I fund ut that the educatin here is quite special.Different frm AP system in the US, the Singapre CIS uses the IB system.
This switch drwned me in cnstant stress.I was cnfused abut the new curriculum, and I knew it wuld take me a lng time t adapt.But what I’ve gtten ut f my experience ver three cuntries is that n matter where yu are studying, yu are always learning.And a piece f advice t peple wh are ging t mve arund the glbe：It’s always best t just rll with it.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文，作者介绍了自己经常转学去不同国家的经历。
1．What did the writer think f life in the cuntryside?
A．It wasn’t as interesting as she expected.
B．It was n better than city life.
C．She wished she had mved t the cuntryside earlier.
D．She lved t live in the cuntryside.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的I fund that I preferred the quiet cuntry life ver the nisy city life.可知，作者更喜欢住在乡村。故选D。]
2．What did the writer wrry abut mst abut befre mving t the US?
A．It wuld be difficult t make new friends.
B．Language wuld be a big prblem fr her.
C．She wuldn’t get used t the weather there.
D．She wuldn’t like the schls there.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的Can yu knw the basics.可知，当妈妈告诉作者要去美国时，她想到自己的英语不好。所以她觉得语言是最大的问题。故选B。]
3．What des she say abut her schl life in Singapre?
A．Creative thinking is mre cmmn.
B．Students are asked t d many prjects tgether.
C．Students have mre freedm t chse classes than in the US.
D．It is different frm the US schl system.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第五段中的I fund ut the IB system.可知，新加坡的教育与美国不同，故选D。]
4．What is the writer’s attitude twards her wrldwide schling?
A．Psitive.B．Negative.
C．Critical.D．Dubtful.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的And a piece f with it.可知，对于那些要到世界各地的人，作者有一条忠告：随遇而安总是最好的。因此可以推断作者的态度还是很积极乐观的。故选A。]
Ⅳ.七选五
When watching a sccer game r basketball match, yu might hear peple encuraging their favrite team by shuting things like “cme n” r “g fr it”．Culd the Chinese phrase “add il” als becme a frequent cheer at sprting events?
Last mnth, “add il”，a direct translatin f “jiayu”，was added t the nline Oxfrd English Dictinary (OED)．__1__ It is believed t have riginated as a cheer at the Maca Grand Prix(汽车大奖赛)during the 1960s.
__2__“OED is recgnizing the legitimacy (合法性)f ur English and its ptential t be relevant t the anglphne(英语为母语者)wrld” Wee Lian－hee，prfessr f language studies at Baptist University’s English Department, tld the Suth China Mrning Pst.We can certainly reach ut and cmmunicate with the wrld withut having t give up n being urselves.”
S hw des a wrd get int the OED？__3__ New wrds are als required t have been used ver a reasnable amunt f befre being added.The prcess f adding wrds can be lng and painstaking.
__4__ Let’s take a lk.
Hngba：A traditinal gift f mney presented in a red envelpe.
Jiazi：A crescent－shaped (新月形的)dumpling made f thin pastry.
Wuxia：__5__
A．Chinese peple are excited that Chinglish phrases like these are gaining recgnitin.
B．Accrding t Oxfrd University Press, wrds can be added as lng as they are understd by readers withut the need fr an explanatin f its meaning.
C．Belw are sme ther Chinese wrds that have been added t the OED.
D．OED is becming mre and mre ppular in the wrld.
E．The phrase refers t adding fuel int a vehicle.
F．Chinese slang is causing jkes in ur life.
G．A type f fictin r cinema featuring ancient Chinese warrirs (勇士)．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍“加油(add il)”被收录到牛津词典中，一些中国式短语得到承认，这让我们中国人非常兴奋。
1．E [根据上文可知，这个短语被收录到词典中，因此此处介绍一下它的原义。“加油”这个短语本义是往汽车里面加入燃料。故选E。]
2．A [根据下文可知，OED承认了我们所说的英语的合法性，这样我们可以与世界交流而又不用放弃我们自己的说法，因此中国式的短语得到承认令我们中国人感到非常兴奋。故选A。]
3．B [上文是一个问题S hw des a wrd get int the OED？一个词是如何进入到牛津词典中的？那么这个空格处就是回答上文的问题，只要不需要解释意思就能被理解，这样就可以被加入到词典中去。故选B。]
4．C [下文又举了几个例子，来说明被词典收录的中国式短语，此处用来引出下文的这些例子。故选C。]
5．G [此处用来解释前面的词语Wuxia(武侠)，武侠就是中国古代武士题材的小说或电影。故选G。]
Ⅴ.语法填空
As I write this, I’m sitting n a bus back t Santiag in Chile where I am wrking 1.________ a writer.I’ve just spent the weekend in a city called La Serena nrth f Santiag.I was lucky enugh t see the flwering desert, a natural scene that 2.________ (ccur) arund every five years here in the Atacama Desert.
3．________ (fllw) a particularly large amunt f rainfall earlier, a(n) 4.________(vary) f flwers cme int blssm.Bright purple flwers create 5.________ unbelievably beautiful scene at the base f the surrunding muntains.
6．________ (have) a lk at this wnderful treasure f nature, we tk a bus frm La Serena t a nearby twn and then rented a car t g t the we saw did nt disappint us, and as expected it was even mre fascinating than the pictures we had seen nline.The blm was particularly 8.________ (impress) this year due t the strng presence f El Nin (a band f warm water in the Pacific Ocean that changes the temperatures and increases the rainfall in certain areas)．The vast carpet f clr 9.________ spread int the distance twards the cntrasting green hills was 10.________(simple) breathtaking and deserved a large amunt f phts! A real reminder f the beauty ur planet can prvide.
【语篇解读】 本文属于记叙文。本文记叙了作者坐在一辆公共汽车上所看到的开花的沙漠。这一壮丽的自然景象，给作者以深刻的印象。
1．as [考查介词。句意：我作为一位作家在那里工作。介词as表示“作为”。故填as。]
2．ccurs [考查谓语动词。句意：我幸运地看到了开花的沙漠，这是阿塔卡马沙漠每五年发生一次的自然现象。a natural phenmenn that ccurs...本句是定语从句，先行词是a natural phenmenn，在从句中作主语，单数，指物用that，所以谓语动词ccur要用单数ccurs。]
3．Fllwing [考查非谓语动词。句意：随着年初充沛的大规模降雨。Fllw与逻辑主语flwers是主动关系，故要用Fllwing。]
4．variety [考查固定搭配。句意：各类鲜花竞相绽放。a variety f意为“各种各样的”，为固定搭配。故要用vary的名词形式variety。]
5．an [考查冠词。句意：明亮的紫色花创造出一个难以置信的美丽场景。表数量的“一”，形容词unbelievably以元音音素开头，故用an。]
6．T have [考查动词不定式。句意：为了看一眼这壮丽的大自然的瑰宝，我们……。表示目的，用T have。]
7．What [考查主语从句。句意：我们所看到的没有让我们失望。________ we saw本句是主语从句，其中saw缺少宾语，表示看到的东西，故要用What。]
8．impressive [考查形容词。句意：这花特别引人注目(impressive)。这里用形容词作表语。故填impressive。]
9．that/which [考查定语从句。The vast carpet f clr 9.________ spread int the distance twards the cntrasting green hills。本句是定语从句，先行词是The vast carpet f clur，在从句中作主语，故可以用that /which。]
10．simply [考查副词。句意：那条铺满色彩的大地毯，一直延伸到通往青山的远处，简直令人叹为观止，值得拍大量的照片！用副词simply来修饰形容词breathtaking。]
Questins abut memry
Answers
Why can I remember events in my childhd but nt what happened last week？
We remember things that have strng cnnectins in ur mind, especially ①emtinal__cnnectins. Childhd memries are ften very emtinal. S it is imprtant t cnnect smething new with what we already knw. Als, we can try t ②retell__what__we__have__learnt t a few thers.
D sme peple really have a phtgraphic memry？
A persn with a phtgraphic memry culd remember every detail f a picture, a bk r an event many years later, but n ne has prved that there are peple wh really have ③phtgraphic__memries. S we simply need t fcus n the imprtant ideas and be curius abut what we learn when memrising ④detailed__learning__materials．
Why d I frget the new wrds that I learnt yesterday？
This is ⑤natural fr many peple. The sharpest lss f memry ccurs during the very early perid after learning. Therefre, ne f the glden rules t increase hw much we remember is t ⑥review__the__material__peridically,__especially during the first day after learning.
I’m 16, but I smetimes frget things. Is my memry getting wrse？
Definitely nt. Our memry reaches its ⑦full__pwer at the age f 25. After this age, hwever, the brain starts t ⑧get__smaller．By middle age, ur memry is significantly wrse than when we were yung.
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