2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题五书面表达层级二　第一讲　靓化词汇——学会运用高级表达


层级二　低档作文如何升级为五档作文，策略告诉你
书面表达得分在11－19分之间的学生的写作特点：1.只使用简单的词或短语； 2.句式单一，单句较多； 3.缺乏承上启下的词语和句子； 4.不会使用从句； 5.不会正确运用谓语动词或短语； 6.不会使用倒装和强调句型。
高考书面表达侧重考查考生的语言运用能力，这就要求考生能够正确运用高级的词汇和语法结构并能够熟练运用句与句之间的连接成分以使行文流畅。因此， 平时的写作训练中，要学会恰当地运用高级句式和过渡语，使文章“闪亮登场”。
第一讲　靓化词汇——学会运用高级表达[学生用书P103]
英语书面表达第五档作文中提到：语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。换句话说，如果考生使用高级词汇或句型，即使犯了少量或轻微的语言错误，也可不扣分，文章还是属于最高档次。因此，为了让文章档次高，首先要学会使用高级词汇。
高级词汇的使用能够给文章增添色彩和画面感。它会大大提升文章的档次，从而帮助考生获得高分。要做到准确使用高级词汇，应该注意以下几个方面：
一、使用亮点词汇的4种策略

　“语”众不同，避免人云亦云
写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。
①(2019·北京卷书面表达)I’m very glad to know that you’re coming to tour in China.
→I’m more than delighted to know that you’re coming to tour in China.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I hope you can consider my application and allow me to be a volunteer.
→I hope you can take my application into consideration and allow me to be a volunteer.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am sure that I am fit for the job.
→So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced that I am qualified for the job.
④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)As a result, enough preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.
→As a consequence, adequate preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.
⑤(2019·天津卷书面表达)I want to make my voice heard.
→I feel an urge to make my voice heard.
⑥Only when you do more reading and writing can you succeed in improving your English.
→Only when you do more reading and writing can you make it in improving your English.
⑦To our great joy, not only are our classes lively and appealing, but our school life is also rich and colorful.
→To our great joy, not only are our classes lively and attractive, but our school life is also rich and colorful.
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years. And the news came that a short film will be shown in our school.
→Our school has witnessed great changes in the last few years. And word came that a short film will be shown in our school.

　更新换代，避免重复
写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。
①(2018·天津卷书面表达)On hearing the news, some of my classmates and I formed a group to take part in the competition. I know you once took part in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.
→On hearing the news, some of my classmates and I formed a group to take part in the competition. I know you once participated in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Moreover，we will build a new stadium and with the stadium built，a wide range of sports events are able to be held.
→Moreover，we will build a new stadium and with the stadium set up，a wide range of sports events are able to be held.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)The team will hold many activities，some of which will appeal to you，including many matches.
→The team will hold a range of activities，some of which will appeal to you，including many matches.

　词汇运用，短语优先
当单词和短语表示同一个意思时，优先使用短语。恰当使用短语，一方面能使文章更加生动，另一方面也能展示出学生扎实的语言功底。
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Besides, I know English and I can express myself fluently and clearly, which helps me communicate with our distinguished guests efficiently.
→Moreover, I have a good command of English and I can express myself fluently and clearly, which helps me communicate with our distinguished guests efficiently.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)For one thing, I know Chinese painting well, for my father is a Chinese painter.
→For one thing, I am quite familiar with Chinese painting, for my father is a Chinese painter.
③(2018·天津卷书面表达)We desperately need your help.
→We are desperately in need of your help.
④(2018·北京卷书面表达)Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which proved to be extremely rewarding.
→Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.

　用高级词汇取代简单词汇
为了表现自己的语言功底，显示出自己的写作水平，应避免反复使用低年级学过的简单词汇，尽量使用高中阶段学到的词汇来代替。
①(2018·北京卷书面表达)If you take my advice you are sure to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
→So long as you take my advice you are bound to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
②(2017·天津卷书面表达)Second，I am trying my best to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.
→Second，I am sparing no effort to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.
③(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I should say sorry for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
→I should make an apology for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
二、写作的秘密武器——24个高级词汇
名词
普通词汇
高级词汇
普通词汇
高级词汇
chance
opportunity
choice
alternative
idea
opinion
people
individual
result
consequence
effect
influence
动词
have
possess
replace
substitute
bear
put up with
understand
make sense of
develop
promote
consider
take into
account
形容词
enough
adequate
rich
abundant
proper
appropriate
important
vital/ significant
interesting
absorbing/
appealing
difficult
challenging
副词
finally
eventually
hardly
barely
immediately
in a flash
nowadays
currently
连词
so
therefore
and
as well as
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It is of importance for you to understand the content，Tang poetry.
→It is of importance for you to make sense of the content，Tang poetry.
→It is of importance for you to be aware of the content，Tang poetry.
②(2017·北京卷书面表达)That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
→That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better alternative.
③In the coming three years，our school life will be difficult.
→In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging.
三、写作的顶级装备——27个加分词汇
表达关注的名词
attention, focus, concern
表达争论的名词
discussion, debate, argument
表达现象的名词
phenomenon
表达优缺点的名词
advantage, disadvantage, strength, weakness　
表达增长或下降的动词
increase, accumulate, decrease, decline　
表达导致后果的动词短语
result in, lead to, bring about, contribute to, give rise to
续　表
表达支持、反对
的动词短语
approve of, be in favor of, object to
表达可能性
的形容词
likely
表达有好处
的形容词
beneficial
表达强调的副词
particularly, especially
①The picture shows a common phenomenon these days.
这幅图显示了这些日子的一个常见现象。
②The Internet has brought about many changes in the workplace.
网络给工作场所带来了很多变化。
③Our teacher is likely to get angry when she sees the dirty floor.
我们的老师看到地面这么脏时，可能会发火。
[学生用书P105]
请用高级词汇替换下列句子中的加黑部分
1．Now I will inform you of some detailed information to help you fully prepare for it.
答案：make_full_preparations_for
2．You are welcome to give performances too.
答案：as_well
3．We were so interested in the competition that we formed a group to take part in it.
答案：keen_on
4．I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.
答案：more_than
5．So，please spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty，which will help you prepare for your class.
答案：Therefore;_make_preparations_for
6．In order to get a better understanding of Tang poetry，I advise you to learn some brief history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.
答案：acquire
7．The craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.
答案：various/a_range_of
8．Firstly，the final exam of this term is coming so I am busy preparing for it.
答案：To_begin_with;_around_the_corner
9．My job application form and personal resume have been prepared and I sincerely hope you can help me correct them.
答案：polish
10．The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses.
答案：challenging
习作升级练习
假定你是李华，你想邀请你的朋友John在周六晚上去看科幻电影The Wandering Earth，请用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．发出邀请；
2．介绍电影(主题：保护人类共同的地球家园；观众评价等)；
3．请求回复。
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
[考生作文]
Dear John，
I know that you are interested in science fiction, so I’d like to invite you to see a film this weekend.
The Wandering Earth is being shown these days. Its purpose is to save the earth and protect our common home. Viewers describe it as a breakthrough of the Chinese film industry and it has received many positive reviews so far. Shall we go to watch the film if you are free? How about this Saturday evening? Please contact me when you are free so that I can book the tickets ahead of time.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
[我来提升]
1．将文中加黑词汇升级
(1)purpose→aim
(2)many→a_wide_range_of
(3)free→available
(4)when you are free→at_your_earliest_convenience
(5)ahead of time→in_advance
2．将文中加黑句式升级
(1)Knowing_that_you_are_interested_in_science_fiction,_I’d_like_to_invite_you_to_see_a_film_this_weekend.(分词作状语)
(2)The_Wandering_Earth_is_being_shown_these_days,_whose_aim_is_to_save_the_earth_and_protect_our_common_home.(定语从句)
[参考范文]
Dear John，
Knowing that you are interested in science fiction, I’d like to invite you to see a film this weekend.
The Wandering Earth is being shown these days, whose aim is to save the earth and protect our common home. Viewers describe it as a breakthrough of the Chinese film industry and it has received a wide range of positive reviews so far. Shall we go to watch the film if you are available? How about this Saturday evening? Please contact me at your earliest convenience so that I can book the tickets in advance.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua