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2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题一第十一讲 特殊句式
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第十一讲 特殊句式[学生用书P44]
特殊句式为高中阶段学生应该掌握的基础语法，在近几年的高考试卷中，都会出现对这方面考查的试题。尤其是省略句、强调句、倒装句、主谓一致、There be 句型、感叹句、祈使句等方面。其中省略句、强调句、主谓一致是考查的重点。具体掌握这些句式的结构、分析这些句式的构成是十分重要的。除此之外，感叹句主要考查what和how的选取，倒装句主要考查其在高考书面表达中的应用。所以在高考备考中，该部分内容仍需要重点掌握，以便有充分的能力应对高考。
[学生用书P44]
倒装句
1．(2019·天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A．should they B．they should
C．dare they D．they dare
A 解析：考查倒装和情态动词。句意：教授警告学生说在他的课上绝对不应该使用手机。on no account(绝对不)具有否定意义，置于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装结构；再结合句意“不应该”可知，应选A。
2．(江苏卷)Not until recently ________ the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.
A．they had encouraged
B．had they encouraged
C．did they encourage
D．they encouraged
C 解析：考查时态和倒装。根据时间状语“recently”可知本句应用一般过去时。Not until＋状语位于句首，句子采用部分倒装的语序，因此本题选择C。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．在下列情形下需要使用部分倒装：
(1)当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little，few，never，seldom, rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time, under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way, no sooner，hardly，scarcely等。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供药物治疗。
Neither do I know it; nor do I care about it.
我不知道这件事，也不关心。
(2)当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
讨论这个问题数小时后他们才作出决定。
(3)so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装。
They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此。
(4)在so/such...that...结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。
(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。
Hard as they tried，they couldn’t make her change her mind.
尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。
2．在下列情形下需要使用完全倒装：
(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
The moment the bell rang，out rushed the children.
铃一响，孩子们冲了出去。
(2)当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。
Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to have settled into life in China.
我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(陕西卷)No sooner ________stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
A．had Mo Yan B．Mo Yan had
C．has Mo Yan D．Mo Yan has
A 解析：考查倒装句以及时态。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner...than...“一……就……”是一个固定搭配，而且主句通常用过去完成时态；no sooner置于句首时，其后用部分倒装，所以选择A项。这个句子转化为陈述句为：Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.。
2．(湖南卷)Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A．I did discover B．did I discover
C．I discovered D．discovered I
B 解析：考查部分倒装。句意：直到跟两个学生谈了话以后我才发现，有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因素之一。only修饰after引导的时间状语，且位于句首，故句子需用部分倒装语序。
强调句
1．(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A．which B．that
C．when D．where
B 解析：考查强调句式。去掉题干的It was和空处后，这个句子语法结构依然完整，表示“只有当汽车停在我家房前的时候，我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”，因此这是一个强调句式，被强调的是“only＋状语从句”，因此选B。
2．(天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.
A．who B．which
C．where D．that
D 解析：考查强调句型。句意：你等错地方了，长途客车是在旅馆接游客的。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个对地点状语进行强调的强调句型，故用that。
1．强调句式的常用结构
陈述句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...?
It is/was not until...＋that...
It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。
It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed. 昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。
Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket?
你是昨天在超市遇到你的老朋友的吗？
2．强调谓语动词
强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did。
The family did manage to send him to a technical school.
家里的确设法让他上技术学校。
强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语和状语等，但不能强调谓语。所强调的成分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。强调主语且主语为人时可用who或that，强调其他内容时只能用that。
1．(湖南卷)It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do ________makes life happy.
A．that B．which
C．what D．who
A 解析：考查强调句型。句意：让生活愉快的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我们不得不做的事情。经判断句子“Not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.”成分完整，结构正确，由此可以断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用that。
2．It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A．who B．that
C．when D．how
B 解析：考查强调句。句意：在当地导游的帮助下，这个登山运动员才得以获救。强调句的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...。此处强调的是with the help of the local guide，故用that。
主谓一致
1．(2017·江苏卷)The publication of Great Expectations，which________both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
C 解析：考查时态与主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，which指代Great Expectations这本书，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态。故答案为C。
2．(湖南卷)It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years to achieve.
A．is；takes B．are；takes
C．are；take D．is；take
A 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。
1．语法一致
主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。
2．就近一致
由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
3．意义一致
(1)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(2)“half/most/part/the rest/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词的形式来确定。
Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天仅完成了60%的工作。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有三分之一的书值得一读。
Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.
三分之一的国土被树覆盖，而且大多数的公民是黑人。
(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是一个好习惯。
What he has said leaves much for us to think about.
他说的话发人深省。
(4)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twenty years is a long time in one’s life.
二十年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。
20，000 dollars is not a small sum of money.
两万美元不是一笔小数目。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．The scientists claimed that only now and then ________ this kind of bird living in the wild.
A．they could see B．could they see
C．they have seen D．have they seen
B 解析：考查时态和倒装。句意：科学家们称他们只是偶尔能看到处于野生状态的这种鸟。分析句子结构可知，“only＋状语”位于宾语从句句首，从句的主语和谓语应用倒装。结合句中的“claimed”“now and then”及选项可知，此处陈述过去的某种事实，应用一般过去时。故选B。
2．Among the biggest problems facing those remote mountainous villages ________ the lack of experienced teachers.
A．is B．are
C．is there D．are there
A 解析：考查倒装句和主谓一致。表示方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要用全部倒装，而本题中的介词短语“Among the biggest problems facing those remote mountainous villages”正是表示抽象的方位的，所以本句要用全部倒装，而且主语为单数名词the lack，故选A项。
省 略
1．(湖南卷)Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A．to leave B．leaving
C．leave D．left
D 解析：考查省略句。句意：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave的逻辑主语是video games，主语video games与leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if left...是“连词＋过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。
2．(北京卷)If ________ for the job，you’ll be informed soon.
A．to accept B．accept
C．accepting D．accepted
D 解析：考查省略句。句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。句中you与accept之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，所以答案为D。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．状语从句的省略
在时间、让步、方式、地点等状语从句中如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
2．不定式的省略
(1)不定式作动词expect，refuse，mean，like，love，prefer，wish，hope，want等的宾语时，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但保留不定式符号to。
(2)当不定式在形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted，anxious等后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。
如果不定式中含有be，have，have been时，通常保留be，have，have been。
If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.
如果有人要求为他照看行李，请马上报警。
Although small，the company has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.
这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大约 1 000 个客户。
There are some health problems that，when not treated(when some health problems are not treated )in time，can become bigger ones later on. 有一些健康问题，如果不及时处理，过些时候会变成比较严重的问题。
It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.If so，we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
汽车的发动机听上去好像出问题了。如果这样的话，我们最好马上把它送到修理厂。
I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to.
我请他去看电影，但他不想去。
—He hasn’t finished the work.
——他还没有完成工作。
—Well，he ought to have.
——哦，他早该完成了。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(福建卷)The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，________，reaching 30℃ in summer.
A．if not B．if ever
C．if any D．if so
B 解析：考查省略句。句意：这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有的话，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。if not如果不；if ever如果曾经有，如果曾经发生；if any如果有的话；if so如果是这样的话。根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(极少)可知，空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。
2．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________．
A．not to do B．not to
C．not do D．do not
B 解析：考查省略。句意：那个司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。这里为了避免重复，省略与前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符号to。补充完整后应为“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。
其他特殊句式
1．(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly－trained agent will get you the help you need.
A．press B．to press
C．pressing D．pressed
A 解析：考查固定句型。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。
2．(重庆卷)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you?
A．mustn’t B．haven’t
C．didn’t D．hadn’t
C 解析：考查反意疑问句。句意：——去年夏天，我在伦敦度过了两个星期。——那么，在此期间你肯定参观了英国博物馆，是不是？must have done结构在句中表示对过去事情的肯定推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况： (1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“haven’t/hasn’t...？”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“didn’t...？”。根据题干中的过去时间状语last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑问句的结构应用第二种情况。
3．(天津卷)Give me a chance，________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
A．if B．or
C．and D．while
C 解析：考查“祈使句＋and＋简单句”。句意：给我一个机会，我就会给你一个大惊喜。由空格前的“给我一个机会”和空格后的“我就会给你一个大惊喜”可知空格前后两部分是顺接关系，需用and连接，所以选择C项。
1．祈使句
祈使句表“请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告”等。基本结构为：“动词(短语)原形＋连词＋句子(一般用将来时)”。有时为了加强感情色彩或特别指明向谁发出命令或要求时，可以加上you，Mary，girls等作为称呼。
Tom，water the flowers today!
汤姆，今天浇花！
2．反意疑问句
反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简单问句，本着“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，附加问句部分的动词以及主语取决于陈述句。
Your parents had a long talk with you last weekend, didn’t they?
你的父母上周末和你进行了一次长谈，是吗？
祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will you或者won’t you的形式。Let’s开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we；Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。
3．感叹句
(1)what引导的感叹句
①What＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)!
What a good heart you have!
你的心肠真好！
②What＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词复数！
What interesting stories he’s told us!
他给我们讲的故事真有趣！
(2)how引导的感叹句
①How＋adj./adv.(＋主语＋谓语)!
How clever the boy is！ 这男孩真聪明！
②How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)!
How clever a boy he is!
这男孩真聪明！
1．Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A．read B．reading
C．to read D．reads
A 解析：考查祈使句。句意：每天都要大声朗读几遍谚语，直到你能背诵为止。连词until引导时间状语从句，前面为主句，主句是一个祈使句，故选A。
2．The old president of that company must have donated most of his money to the charity and those in need, ________？
A．didn’t he B．doesn’t he
C．hasn’t he D．mustn’t he
C 解析：考查反意疑问句。句意：那个公司年迈的董事长肯定把他大部分的钱捐献给了慈善机构和那些贫困的人，不是吗？当must用来表示对过去情况进行推测(must have done)时，如果强调动作的完成(此时句中一般没有表示过去的时间状语)，反意疑问句部分用“haven’t/hasn’t＋主语”。
[学生用书P48]
单项填空
1．(湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________good relationships with others.
A．will you keep
B．you will keep
C．you kept
D．did you keep
A 解析：考查部分倒装结构。句意：唯有找到内心的宁静，方能维持人际关系的和谐。“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装语序。本题中，时间状语从句when you can find peace in your heart被only修饰，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒装结构。注意：如果only修饰的不是状语而是主语，则不能用倒装。如：Only he was invited.只有他受到了邀请。
2．(全国卷)________the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.
A．Not do only
B．Do not only
C．Only not do
D．Not only do
D 解析：考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅要求提高工资，还要求缩短工作时间。not only相当于in addition to being or doing something，意为“不仅，不但”，放在句首时，该句用部分倒装，其结构为not only do/will/can etc.，因此D项正确。
3．(湖南卷)________what you’re doing today important，because you’re trading a day of your life for it.
A．Make B．To make
C．Making D．Made
A 解析：考查祈使句。句意：让你今日所做之事重要起来，因为你是在用一天的生命换取它。根据本句中的you’re trading可知，说话的对象是you，这里用祈使句表示劝告，所以选择动词原形。
4．(湖南卷)Children，when________by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
A．to be accompanied
B．to accompany
C．accompanying
D．accompanied
D 解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。当主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，本题中的从句还原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。
5．Only after the war in the Syrian Arab Republic is over________a peaceful life there.
A．did people live B．people lived
C．people can live D．can people live
D 解析：考查时态与倒装。句意：只有叙利亚的战争结束后，那里的人们才能过上和平的生活。“ only＋状语从句”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装，且根据从句中所用的一般现在时可知，主句也应用一般现在时，故选D项。
6．It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.
A．that B．where
C．why D．when
A 解析：考查强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。句意：直到快到信的结尾的时候，她才提到了她自己的计划。句中被强调的部分是时间状语not until near the end of the letter。
7．________ something to help me grow，but I wanted something I could profit from financially.
A．Not only do I want
B．Not only did I want
C．Not only I wanted
D．Not only I want
B 解析：考查时态和倒装。句意：我不仅想要一些能帮助我成长的东西，而且我还想要一些能从中得到经济利益的东西。本句是not only…but(also)…句型，该句型中的not only放到句首时，其后的分句要用部分倒装，排除C和D项。根据第二分句用的一般过去时可知，第一分句也用一般过去时，故选B项。
8．Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ________properly in this hospital.
A．can be the patients treated
B．can the patients be treated
C．the patients can be treated
D．treated can be the patients
B 解析：考查倒装句。“Only＋状语(从句)”放于句首，句子应用不完全倒装，即将助动词can放于主语the patients之前，故答案选B。
9．I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven.________ I knew that he was badly hurt in a traffic accident yesterday.
A．Only then
B．Now and then
C．It was then that
D．Since then
C 解析：句意：我11点的时候接到了他妈妈的电话，那时我才知道他昨天在一场交通事故中受了重伤。从选项看，这里应选C，用强调句式It be...that强调时间状语。A项放句首的话，句子需要用倒装语序，B项表示“有时，偶尔”，D项表示“从那时起”。
10．Although ________ by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged.
A．beating
B．beaten
C．having beaten
D．being beaten
B 解析：考查省略。根据省略知识可知，在“although”之后省略了“they were”；根据省略的条件：主从句的主语一致，从句中含有系动词be的形式，就可以省略主语与系动词，故选B。
[学生用书P133(单独成册)]
(建议用时：30分钟)
单项填空
1．I would still think history is a boring subject now, ________ for the trip to the site of the Zunyi Conference last summer.
A．were it not B．were not it
C．had it not been D．had not it been
C 解析：考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：要不是去年夏天的遵义会议旧址之行，我现在还会认为历史是一门枯燥的学科。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处考查的是错综时间条件句的虚拟语气。主句中的“would still think”和“now”暗示主句是对现在情况的假设，又根据“last summer”可知，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设。在if虚拟条件句中，如果有should, had, were，可以省略if，把should, had ，were提示主语前，构成部分倒装。故选C。
2．(2019·南京、盐城模拟)He was still full of optimism for the future despite many problems, and never once ________ him get worried or upset.
A．I saw B．I would see
C．did I see D．would I see
C 解析：考查时态和倒装。句意：尽管有许多问题，他对未来仍然充满乐观情绪，我从未见过他焦虑或不安。第二个并列分句以否定词never开头，应用部分倒装结构。再结合句中的“He was still full of optimism”可知应用一般过去时，故选C。
3．She looks sad.Could you please tell me________that prevents her from being as happy as before?
A．what it is B．it is what
C．how it is D．it is how
A 解析：本题含有强调句型，若把It is...that去掉，则很容易地看出是what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中充当主语。故选A。
4．Only now and then ________ the ringing of the church bells in the far distance.
A．we could hear B．could we hear
C．we had heard D．had we heard
B 解析：考查倒装。句意：我们只是偶尔能听到远处教堂的钟声。当“Only＋状语”置于句首时，句子要进行部分倒装，即把助动词、be动词或情态动词放在主语的前面。此处不表示在过去某个动作或时间之前完成的动作，所以用一般过去时即可。故选B项。
5．Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals，if________properly，may contribute to spreading diseases.
A．not handled
B．not being handled
C．not to be handled
D．not having been handled
A 解析：考查省略句。句意：专家警告说如果来自医院的医疗垃圾不正确处理，将会传播疾病。这里其实是if从句的省略形式。还原完整为：if it was not handled properly，当主从句的主语一致的时候，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，被动语态省略了系动词和主语就是过去分词的形式。所以选A。
6．She is one of those who________always complaining about everything and hard to please.
A．are B．is
C．was D．were
A 解析：考查主谓一致与时态。句意：她是那些经常抱怨一切并很难取悦的人中的一个。此处谓语动词是定语从句的谓语动词，定语从句的关系代词who指代先行词those，具有复数意义，因此谓语动词要用复数，B、C可排除。又由句中的“is”和“always”可知，此处用一般现在时，故答案为A。
7．(2019·苏、锡、常、镇四市高三学情调研)With so many good friends together with you，you must have been happy during the past National Golden Week, ________？
A．haven’t you B．didn’t you
C．weren’t you D．mustn’t you
C 解析：考查反意疑问句。句意：有如此多的好朋友和你在一起，你“十一黄金周”期间一定过得很快乐吧？“must＋have＋过去分词”表示对过去事实的肯定推测，当前一分句有过去的时间状语时，反意疑问句应用过去时。
8．—How about the football game yesterday?
—It was cancelled. Hardly________when it started raining.
A．it had begun B．did it begin
C．had it begun D．it began
C 解析：考查倒装结构。——昨天的足球比赛如何？——比赛被取消了。比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来了。hardly是否定词，置于句首时，句子需要部分倒装，而在hardly...when...“一……就……，刚刚……就……”结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
9．________good use of learning resources such as the website and library，and you will make great progress.
A．To make B．Making
C．Make D．Having made
C 解析：考查“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”。句意：充分利用像网站、图书馆等学习资源，你就会取得很大的进步。
10．I believe Peter’s ambition to study in Beijing University will be achieved，________？
A．won’t he B．don’t I
C．will he D．won’t it
D 解析：考查反意疑问句。当陈述部分是“I think/believe/suppose...＋宾语从句”结构时，反意疑问句的附加问句应与从句一致，代指从句主语 Peter’s ambition 应使用 it，所以选择D。
11．Look! From opposite the street________，screaming in panic.
A．comes two kids B．two kids are coming
C．come two kids D．do two kids come
C 解析：考查倒装和主谓一致。句意：看！两个孩子从街对面过来了，(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词，句子需全部倒装，排除B、D两项。又因主语是two kids，所以谓语动词用复数形式，因此C项正确。
12．His last novel sold amazingly more than ten thousand copies and we hope this one will be just________．
A．much popular B．the most popular
C．the more popular D．as popular
D 解析：考查省略句。句意：他的上一本小说令人惊奇地卖到超过了一万本，我们希望这本能和上一本一样受欢迎。and后的分句为省略句，补全应为：and we hope this one will be just as popular as his last novel，故此处用as popular。
13．________ something wrong with your composition.
A．There were B．There have had
C．There seemed to be D．It seemed to
C 解析：此题考查“There be...”句型结构，需注意be和后面的第一个主语在“数”上的一致，另要注意there be的变体形式，答案为C。
14．________you believe him when he said he made it to Eason’s concert! He doesn’t like pop music at all.
A．Do B．Did
C．Don’t D．Didn’t
C 解析：考查祈使句。句意：当他说他去了Eason的音乐会时你不要相信他！他一点儿也不喜欢流行音乐。此处为祈使句。强调主语时主语不省略，表明命令，要求或请求的具体指向，此时否定结构置于主语前。故选C。
15．Hardly ________ to give his lecture when the audience in the lecture hall interrupted him.
A．did he begin B．he began
C．had he begun D．he had begun
C 解析：考查倒装和时态。句意：他刚开始发表演讲，报告厅里的听众就打断了他。hardly...when...“刚……就……，一……就……”句型中，主句通常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；而hardly位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
16．Why! I have nothing to confess.________you want me to say?
A．What is it that B．What it is that
C．How is it that D．How it is that
A 解析：考查特殊疑问句。句意：为什么！我没有什么想坦白的了，你究竟想要我说什么？还原成陈述句是it is sth.that you want me to say，疑问句系动词提前，故选A项。
17．—Look at the flying pigeons in the sky.
—You can’t imagine________they played in the battlefields.
A．what crucial a role B．what role crucial
C．how crucial a role D．how a crucial role
C 解析：考查感叹句。句意：——看天空中那些飞着的鸽子。——你想象不到它们过去在战场上发挥了多么关键性的作用。强调单数可数名词的感叹句有两种形式：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语；How＋形容词＋a/an＋名词＋主语＋谓语。
18．Ancient Indians moved from Asia to what is now the U．S.mainland thousands of years ago and not until the 16th century ________ to settle there.
A．Europeans began
B．began Europeans
C．did Europeans begin
D．had Europeans begun
C 解析：考查时态和倒装。句意：古印第安人几千年前就从亚洲移居到了现在的美国大陆，直到16世纪欧洲人才开始在那里定居。当not until位于句首时，句子要部分倒装；再结合句中的“the 16th century”可知，应用一般过去时，故选C项。
19．So addicted ________ to the computer games that he decided to design a new game on his own.
A．was he B．he has been
C．he was D．has he been
A 解析：考查倒装和时态。句意：他是如此沉迷于电脑游戏以至于他决定自己设计一款新游戏。在句型so...that...中，如果将so...置于句首，主句要部分倒装。根据后面的“he decided”可知，主句用一般过去时。故选A项。
20．________she is not so cheerful________she used to be?
A．How it is that；as
B．How is it that；as
C．Is it why；that
D．Why is it that；what
B 解析：句意：她怎么不像过去那样高兴了呢？强调句的特殊疑问结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他？D项中的what不正确。
21．—________ you got Wang Feng’s autograph photo?
—Didn’t you know I went to his live concert？See？Easy!
A．How it was B．When it was that
C．How was it that D．When was it
C 解析：考查强调句型的特殊疑问句。句意：——你怎么会有汪峰亲笔签名的照片的？——难道你不知道我去他的现场演唱会了吗？看到了吗？很简单！根据答句可知，此处解释了答话人是如何拥有汪峰亲笔签名的照片的，故用引导词how。结合句中的时态可知应用一般过去时。由强调句型的特殊疑问形式“特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋从句”可知，C项正确。
22．So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A．the attack is B．is the attack
C．the attack was D．was the attack
D 解析：考查时态和倒装。句意：进攻是如此突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。在so/such...that结构中，当so/such位于句首时，主句应用倒装形式，根据从句中的“had”可以判断出进攻发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选D。
23．Clever________，Berel Jastrow made a serious mistake.
A．though was he B．though he was
C．he was though D．was he though
B 解析：考查省略句。句意：班瑞尔·杰斯特罗尽管聪明，却犯了一个严重的错误。本题考查though引导状语从句可用倒装形式的用法。本句也可写为：Though he was clever，Berel Jastrow made a serious mistake.。故答案为B项。
24．—Would you like to buy this new phone?
—I________，for I doubt its new function.
A．wouldn’t like it
B．wouldn’t like
C．wouldn’t like to buy
D．wouldn’t like to
D 解析：句意：——你想买这部新手机吗？——我不想买，因为我怀疑它的新功能(是否有用)。在答语中，为了避免重复，把上一句中的动词不定式中的动词省略了，只留下不定式符号to。
25．Hearing the bell ringing，out________．
A．rushing the children
B．were rushing the children
C．rushed the children
D．the children rushed
C 解析：句意：听到铃声响，孩子们冲了出来。表示方位的副词位于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要全部倒装，即：副词＋谓语动词＋主语。
26．Two fifths of the apple________eaten by Susan and the rest of the apple________left on the dining table.
A．was；were B．were；was
C．were；were D．was；was
D 解析：“the rest/分数/百分数＋of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词常与of后面的名词保持数的一致，此处应与名词apple保持一致，故选D。
27．—Have all of you received the invitation to his party?
—No，________only some of us.
A．it was B．there was
C．there were D．they were
A 解析：考查强调句的省略。完整的句子是：It was only some of us that have received the invitation to his party.。
28．Although________with such a hard situation，if we have confidence，we will get over it.
A．facing B．faced
C．are faced D．to face
B 解析：句意：虽然我们面临着那样一个艰难的情形，但是只要我们有信心，就会克服的。此处是省略形式的让步状语从句，补充完整是although we are faced with...由于主从句的主语一致，所以把从句中的we are省略了。表示“面对”时，应用face sth./be faced with sth.。
29．—________fine day it is today!
—Yes，the sunshine is________beautiful that I’d like to go swimming in the sea.
A．How；such B．What a；very
C．How；so D．What a；so
D 解析：考查感叹句及so...that...句型。句意：——今天天气多好啊！——是啊，阳光如此明媚，我要去海边游泳。第一句感叹fine day，是可数名词，所以用what a；第二句为so...that...句型，“如此……以至于……”。
30．Every means________，but none proved successful.
A．have tried B．have been tried
C．has tried D．has been tried
D 解析：考查主谓一致及语态。句意：所有的办法都试过了，但是没有一个成功。名词means由every修饰，谓语动词要用单数形式；means意为“方法”，与动词try是动宾关系，故选D。
31．Come over and sit beside me________I will show you the new software in my cellphone.
A．or B．and
C．but D．when
B 解析：考查连词。句意：过来，坐在我旁边，我将给你看看我手机里的新软件。该句使用了固定句式“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(常用一般将来时)”，因前后表示顺承关系，所以使用and。
32．Not until one of my classmates patted me on the shoulder ________ to myself.
A．I came B．did I come
C．had I come D．I had come
B 解析：考查倒装和时态。句意：直到我一个同学拍了一下我的肩膀，我才回过神来。根据句意及句中的“patted”可知，空处也应用一般过去时；又not until位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。故选B项。
33．—Do you know________made him successful in his career?
—Yes.His hard work and determination，of course.
A．what it was that B．what was it that
C．it was what that D．was it what that
A 解析：考查强调句型。句意：——你知道是什么使他获得职业的成功的吗？——知道，当然是他辛勤的工作和决心。空后是know的宾语从句，宾语从句使用的是强调句型。强调句型的结构是It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。该结构的疑问句结构是Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？该结构的特殊疑问句结构是：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他？该宾语从句中强调的是疑问词what，从句应用陈述语气，故选A。
34．These problems，________，will seriously affect the growth of teenagers and even the nation’s future.
A．not if solved properly
B．if solved properly
C．not if properly solved
D．if not solved properly
D 解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：这些问题如果不被妥善处理的话，将严重影响青少年的成长，甚至国家的未来。句子的主语是solve的动作承受者。从句完整的形式为“if they are not solved properly”，因为主从句主语一致且从句中有be动词，可以把从句中的主语和be动词一起省略。故选D。
35．This drug is less likely to cause side effects when________late in the day.
A．taking B．taken
C．to take D．takes
B 解析：考查省略句。有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如谓语包含有助动词be，主语又和句子的主语一致，或主语是it时，就可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分，尤其是助动词be省略掉。此句中省略了this drug is。句意：在每天晚些时候服用这种药，它产生的副作用会少些。故选B。
36．How happy Marie is! It is the first time that she has seen pandas face to face，________？
A．isn’t she B．hasn’t she
C．isn’t it D．hasn’t it
C 解析：考查反意疑问句。复合句的反意疑问句的疑问部分的主语及助动词应与主句保持一致。前面是肯定句则后面用否定形式，前面是否定句则后面用肯定形式，所以选择C。
37．The women carrying babies，come in first，________？
A．will you B．will they
C．do you D．don’t you
A 解析：考查祈使句。有时为了指明向谁请求或命令，祈使句中也可以说出主语。祈使句的反意疑问句用will you，表示征询对方的意见。
38．Do be careful when driving on the highway，________you might end up in a car accident.
A．or B．and
C．so D．but
A 解析：考查并列连词。句意：在高速公路上开车一定要小心，否则你可能会发生车祸。根据句子结构可以判断出，该句是“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”句型，相当于if not...，另外be前的Do起强调作用。
39．During the time at night，the father enjoys watching TV，while the mother together with her three children________fond of listening to popular songs.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
A 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。当主语后带有together with短语时，句中的谓语仍然和前面的主语一致，不受together with短语的干扰。根据enjoys可知，第二个分句也应用一般现在时。
40．It is reported that no African country apart from South Africa and Egypt________putting more than 4 percent of the national GDP into education in the last ten years.
A．has been B．were
C．was D．have been
A 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“in the last ten years”可知，此处应用现在完成时；所填谓语的主语是“no African country”，当主语后面跟由介词apart from，like，as well as，besides，with等连接的词时，谓语动词的单复数视主语的情况而定，所以此处用单数。
第十一讲 特殊句式[学生用书P44]
特殊句式为高中阶段学生应该掌握的基础语法，在近几年的高考试卷中，都会出现对这方面考查的试题。尤其是省略句、强调句、倒装句、主谓一致、There be 句型、感叹句、祈使句等方面。其中省略句、强调句、主谓一致是考查的重点。具体掌握这些句式的结构、分析这些句式的构成是十分重要的。除此之外，感叹句主要考查what和how的选取，倒装句主要考查其在高考书面表达中的应用。所以在高考备考中，该部分内容仍需要重点掌握，以便有充分的能力应对高考。
[学生用书P44]
倒装句
1．(2019·天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A．should they B．they should
C．dare they D．they dare
A 解析：考查倒装和情态动词。句意：教授警告学生说在他的课上绝对不应该使用手机。on no account(绝对不)具有否定意义，置于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装结构；再结合句意“不应该”可知，应选A。
2．(江苏卷)Not until recently ________ the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.
A．they had encouraged
B．had they encouraged
C．did they encourage
D．they encouraged
C 解析：考查时态和倒装。根据时间状语“recently”可知本句应用一般过去时。Not until＋状语位于句首，句子采用部分倒装的语序，因此本题选择C。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．在下列情形下需要使用部分倒装：
(1)当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little，few，never，seldom, rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time, under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way, no sooner，hardly，scarcely等。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供药物治疗。
Neither do I know it; nor do I care about it.
我不知道这件事，也不关心。
(2)当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
讨论这个问题数小时后他们才作出决定。
(3)so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装。
They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此。
(4)在so/such...that...结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。
(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。
Hard as they tried，they couldn’t make her change her mind.
尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。
2．在下列情形下需要使用完全倒装：
(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
The moment the bell rang，out rushed the children.
铃一响，孩子们冲了出去。
(2)当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。
Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to have settled into life in China.
我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(陕西卷)No sooner ________stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
A．had Mo Yan B．Mo Yan had
C．has Mo Yan D．Mo Yan has
A 解析：考查倒装句以及时态。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner...than...“一……就……”是一个固定搭配，而且主句通常用过去完成时态；no sooner置于句首时，其后用部分倒装，所以选择A项。这个句子转化为陈述句为：Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.。
2．(湖南卷)Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A．I did discover B．did I discover
C．I discovered D．discovered I
B 解析：考查部分倒装。句意：直到跟两个学生谈了话以后我才发现，有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因素之一。only修饰after引导的时间状语，且位于句首，故句子需用部分倒装语序。
强调句
1．(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A．which B．that
C．when D．where
B 解析：考查强调句式。去掉题干的It was和空处后，这个句子语法结构依然完整，表示“只有当汽车停在我家房前的时候，我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”，因此这是一个强调句式，被强调的是“only＋状语从句”，因此选B。
2．(天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.
A．who B．which
C．where D．that
D 解析：考查强调句型。句意：你等错地方了，长途客车是在旅馆接游客的。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个对地点状语进行强调的强调句型，故用that。
1．强调句式的常用结构
陈述句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...?
It is/was not until...＋that...
It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。
It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed. 昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。
Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket?
你是昨天在超市遇到你的老朋友的吗？
2．强调谓语动词
强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did。
The family did manage to send him to a technical school.
家里的确设法让他上技术学校。
强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语和状语等，但不能强调谓语。所强调的成分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。强调主语且主语为人时可用who或that，强调其他内容时只能用that。
1．(湖南卷)It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do ________makes life happy.
A．that B．which
C．what D．who
A 解析：考查强调句型。句意：让生活愉快的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我们不得不做的事情。经判断句子“Not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.”成分完整，结构正确，由此可以断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用that。
2．It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A．who B．that
C．when D．how
B 解析：考查强调句。句意：在当地导游的帮助下，这个登山运动员才得以获救。强调句的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...。此处强调的是with the help of the local guide，故用that。
主谓一致
1．(2017·江苏卷)The publication of Great Expectations，which________both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
C 解析：考查时态与主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，which指代Great Expectations这本书，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态。故答案为C。
2．(湖南卷)It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years to achieve.
A．is；takes B．are；takes
C．are；take D．is；take
A 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。
1．语法一致
主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。
2．就近一致
由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
3．意义一致
(1)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(2)“half/most/part/the rest/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词的形式来确定。
Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天仅完成了60%的工作。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有三分之一的书值得一读。
Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.
三分之一的国土被树覆盖，而且大多数的公民是黑人。
(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是一个好习惯。
What he has said leaves much for us to think about.
他说的话发人深省。
(4)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twenty years is a long time in one’s life.
二十年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。
20，000 dollars is not a small sum of money.
两万美元不是一笔小数目。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．The scientists claimed that only now and then ________ this kind of bird living in the wild.
A．they could see B．could they see
C．they have seen D．have they seen
B 解析：考查时态和倒装。句意：科学家们称他们只是偶尔能看到处于野生状态的这种鸟。分析句子结构可知，“only＋状语”位于宾语从句句首，从句的主语和谓语应用倒装。结合句中的“claimed”“now and then”及选项可知，此处陈述过去的某种事实，应用一般过去时。故选B。
2．Among the biggest problems facing those remote mountainous villages ________ the lack of experienced teachers.
A．is B．are
C．is there D．are there
A 解析：考查倒装句和主谓一致。表示方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要用全部倒装，而本题中的介词短语“Among the biggest problems facing those remote mountainous villages”正是表示抽象的方位的，所以本句要用全部倒装，而且主语为单数名词the lack，故选A项。
省 略
1．(湖南卷)Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A．to leave B．leaving
C．leave D．left
D 解析：考查省略句。句意：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave的逻辑主语是video games，主语video games与leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if left...是“连词＋过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。
2．(北京卷)If ________ for the job，you’ll be informed soon.
A．to accept B．accept
C．accepting D．accepted
D 解析：考查省略句。句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。句中you与accept之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，所以答案为D。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．状语从句的省略
在时间、让步、方式、地点等状语从句中如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
2．不定式的省略
(1)不定式作动词expect，refuse，mean，like，love，prefer，wish，hope，want等的宾语时，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但保留不定式符号to。
(2)当不定式在形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted，anxious等后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。
如果不定式中含有be，have，have been时，通常保留be，have，have been。
If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.
如果有人要求为他照看行李，请马上报警。
Although small，the company has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.
这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大约 1 000 个客户。
There are some health problems that，when not treated(when some health problems are not treated )in time，can become bigger ones later on. 有一些健康问题，如果不及时处理，过些时候会变成比较严重的问题。
It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.If so，we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
汽车的发动机听上去好像出问题了。如果这样的话，我们最好马上把它送到修理厂。
I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to.
我请他去看电影，但他不想去。
—He hasn’t finished the work.
——他还没有完成工作。
—Well，he ought to have.
——哦，他早该完成了。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．(福建卷)The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，________，reaching 30℃ in summer.
A．if not B．if ever
C．if any D．if so
B 解析：考查省略句。句意：这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有的话，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。if not如果不；if ever如果曾经有，如果曾经发生；if any如果有的话；if so如果是这样的话。根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(极少)可知，空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。
2．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________．
A．not to do B．not to
C．not do D．do not
B 解析：考查省略。句意：那个司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。这里为了避免重复，省略与前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符号to。补充完整后应为“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。
其他特殊句式
1．(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly－trained agent will get you the help you need.
A．press B．to press
C．pressing D．pressed
A 解析：考查固定句型。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。
2．(重庆卷)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you?
A．mustn’t B．haven’t
C．didn’t D．hadn’t
C 解析：考查反意疑问句。句意：——去年夏天，我在伦敦度过了两个星期。——那么，在此期间你肯定参观了英国博物馆，是不是？must have done结构在句中表示对过去事情的肯定推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况： (1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“haven’t/hasn’t...？”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“didn’t...？”。根据题干中的过去时间状语last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑问句的结构应用第二种情况。
3．(天津卷)Give me a chance，________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
A．if B．or
C．and D．while
C 解析：考查“祈使句＋and＋简单句”。句意：给我一个机会，我就会给你一个大惊喜。由空格前的“给我一个机会”和空格后的“我就会给你一个大惊喜”可知空格前后两部分是顺接关系，需用and连接，所以选择C项。
1．祈使句
祈使句表“请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告”等。基本结构为：“动词(短语)原形＋连词＋句子(一般用将来时)”。有时为了加强感情色彩或特别指明向谁发出命令或要求时，可以加上you，Mary，girls等作为称呼。
Tom，water the flowers today!
汤姆，今天浇花！
2．反意疑问句
反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简单问句，本着“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，附加问句部分的动词以及主语取决于陈述句。
Your parents had a long talk with you last weekend, didn’t they?
你的父母上周末和你进行了一次长谈，是吗？
祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will you或者won’t you的形式。Let’s开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we；Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。
3．感叹句
(1)what引导的感叹句
①What＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)!
What a good heart you have!
你的心肠真好！
②What＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词复数！
What interesting stories he’s told us!
他给我们讲的故事真有趣！
(2)how引导的感叹句
①How＋adj./adv.(＋主语＋谓语)!
How clever the boy is！ 这男孩真聪明！
②How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)!
How clever a boy he is!
这男孩真聪明！
1．Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A．read B．reading
C．to read D．reads
A 解析：考查祈使句。句意：每天都要大声朗读几遍谚语，直到你能背诵为止。连词until引导时间状语从句，前面为主句，主句是一个祈使句，故选A。
2．The old president of that company must have donated most of his money to the charity and those in need, ________？
A．didn’t he B．doesn’t he
C．hasn’t he D．mustn’t he
C 解析：考查反意疑问句。句意：那个公司年迈的董事长肯定把他大部分的钱捐献给了慈善机构和那些贫困的人，不是吗？当must用来表示对过去情况进行推测(must have done)时，如果强调动作的完成(此时句中一般没有表示过去的时间状语)，反意疑问句部分用“haven’t/hasn’t＋主语”。
[学生用书P48]
单项填空
1．(湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________good relationships with others.
A．will you keep
B．you will keep
C．you kept
D．did you keep
A 解析：考查部分倒装结构。句意：唯有找到内心的宁静，方能维持人际关系的和谐。“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装语序。本题中，时间状语从句when you can find peace in your heart被only修饰，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒装结构。注意：如果only修饰的不是状语而是主语，则不能用倒装。如：Only he was invited.只有他受到了邀请。
2．(全国卷)________the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.
A．Not do only
B．Do not only
C．Only not do
D．Not only do
D 解析：考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅要求提高工资，还要求缩短工作时间。not only相当于in addition to being or doing something，意为“不仅，不但”，放在句首时，该句用部分倒装，其结构为not only do/will/can etc.，因此D项正确。
3．(湖南卷)________what you’re doing today important，because you’re trading a day of your life for it.
A．Make B．To make
C．Making D．Made
A 解析：考查祈使句。句意：让你今日所做之事重要起来，因为你是在用一天的生命换取它。根据本句中的you’re trading可知，说话的对象是you，这里用祈使句表示劝告，所以选择动词原形。
4．(湖南卷)Children，when________by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
A．to be accompanied
B．to accompany
C．accompanying
D．accompanied
D 解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。当主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，本题中的从句还原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。
5．Only after the war in the Syrian Arab Republic is over________a peaceful life there.
A．did people live B．people lived
C．people can live D．can people live
D 解析：考查时态与倒装。句意：只有叙利亚的战争结束后，那里的人们才能过上和平的生活。“ only＋状语从句”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装，且根据从句中所用的一般现在时可知，主句也应用一般现在时，故选D项。
6．It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.
A．that B．where
C．why D．when
A 解析：考查强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。句意：直到快到信的结尾的时候，她才提到了她自己的计划。句中被强调的部分是时间状语not until near the end of the letter。
7．________ something to help me grow，but I wanted something I could profit from financially.
A．Not only do I want
B．Not only did I want
C．Not only I wanted
D．Not only I want
B 解析：考查时态和倒装。句意：我不仅想要一些能帮助我成长的东西，而且我还想要一些能从中得到经济利益的东西。本句是not only…but(also)…句型，该句型中的not only放到句首时，其后的分句要用部分倒装，排除C和D项。根据第二分句用的一般过去时可知，第一分句也用一般过去时，故选B项。
8．Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ________properly in this hospital.
A．can be the patients treated
B．can the patients be treated
C．the patients can be treated
D．treated can be the patients
B 解析：考查倒装句。“Only＋状语(从句)”放于句首，句子应用不完全倒装，即将助动词can放于主语the patients之前，故答案选B。
9．I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven.________ I knew that he was badly hurt in a traffic accident yesterday.
A．Only then
B．Now and then
C．It was then that
D．Since then
C 解析：句意：我11点的时候接到了他妈妈的电话，那时我才知道他昨天在一场交通事故中受了重伤。从选项看，这里应选C，用强调句式It be...that强调时间状语。A项放句首的话，句子需要用倒装语序，B项表示“有时，偶尔”，D项表示“从那时起”。
10．Although ________ by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged.
A．beating
B．beaten
C．having beaten
D．being beaten
B 解析：考查省略。根据省略知识可知，在“although”之后省略了“they were”；根据省略的条件：主从句的主语一致，从句中含有系动词be的形式，就可以省略主语与系动词，故选B。
[学生用书P133(单独成册)]
(建议用时：30分钟)
单项填空
1．I would still think history is a boring subject now, ________ for the trip to the site of the Zunyi Conference last summer.
A．were it not B．were not it
C．had it not been D．had not it been
C 解析：考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：要不是去年夏天的遵义会议旧址之行，我现在还会认为历史是一门枯燥的学科。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处考查的是错综时间条件句的虚拟语气。主句中的“would still think”和“now”暗示主句是对现在情况的假设，又根据“last summer”可知，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设。在if虚拟条件句中，如果有should, had, were，可以省略if，把should, had ，were提示主语前，构成部分倒装。故选C。
2．(2019·南京、盐城模拟)He was still full of optimism for the future despite many problems, and never once ________ him get worried or upset.
A．I saw B．I would see
C．did I see D．would I see
C 解析：考查时态和倒装。句意：尽管有许多问题，他对未来仍然充满乐观情绪，我从未见过他焦虑或不安。第二个并列分句以否定词never开头，应用部分倒装结构。再结合句中的“He was still full of optimism”可知应用一般过去时，故选C。
3．She looks sad.Could you please tell me________that prevents her from being as happy as before?
A．what it is B．it is what
C．how it is D．it is how
A 解析：本题含有强调句型，若把It is...that去掉，则很容易地看出是what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中充当主语。故选A。
4．Only now and then ________ the ringing of the church bells in the far distance.
A．we could hear B．could we hear
C．we had heard D．had we heard
B 解析：考查倒装。句意：我们只是偶尔能听到远处教堂的钟声。当“Only＋状语”置于句首时，句子要进行部分倒装，即把助动词、be动词或情态动词放在主语的前面。此处不表示在过去某个动作或时间之前完成的动作，所以用一般过去时即可。故选B项。
5．Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals，if________properly，may contribute to spreading diseases.
A．not handled
B．not being handled
C．not to be handled
D．not having been handled
A 解析：考查省略句。句意：专家警告说如果来自医院的医疗垃圾不正确处理，将会传播疾病。这里其实是if从句的省略形式。还原完整为：if it was not handled properly，当主从句的主语一致的时候，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，被动语态省略了系动词和主语就是过去分词的形式。所以选A。
6．She is one of those who________always complaining about everything and hard to please.
A．are B．is
C．was D．were
A 解析：考查主谓一致与时态。句意：她是那些经常抱怨一切并很难取悦的人中的一个。此处谓语动词是定语从句的谓语动词，定语从句的关系代词who指代先行词those，具有复数意义，因此谓语动词要用复数，B、C可排除。又由句中的“is”和“always”可知，此处用一般现在时，故答案为A。
7．(2019·苏、锡、常、镇四市高三学情调研)With so many good friends together with you，you must have been happy during the past National Golden Week, ________？
A．haven’t you B．didn’t you
C．weren’t you D．mustn’t you
C 解析：考查反意疑问句。句意：有如此多的好朋友和你在一起，你“十一黄金周”期间一定过得很快乐吧？“must＋have＋过去分词”表示对过去事实的肯定推测，当前一分句有过去的时间状语时，反意疑问句应用过去时。
8．—How about the football game yesterday?
—It was cancelled. Hardly________when it started raining.
A．it had begun B．did it begin
C．had it begun D．it began
C 解析：考查倒装结构。——昨天的足球比赛如何？——比赛被取消了。比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来了。hardly是否定词，置于句首时，句子需要部分倒装，而在hardly...when...“一……就……，刚刚……就……”结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
9．________good use of learning resources such as the website and library，and you will make great progress.
A．To make B．Making
C．Make D．Having made
C 解析：考查“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”。句意：充分利用像网站、图书馆等学习资源，你就会取得很大的进步。
10．I believe Peter’s ambition to study in Beijing University will be achieved，________？
A．won’t he B．don’t I
C．will he D．won’t it
D 解析：考查反意疑问句。当陈述部分是“I think/believe/suppose...＋宾语从句”结构时，反意疑问句的附加问句应与从句一致，代指从句主语 Peter’s ambition 应使用 it，所以选择D。
11．Look! From opposite the street________，screaming in panic.
A．comes two kids B．two kids are coming
C．come two kids D．do two kids come
C 解析：考查倒装和主谓一致。句意：看！两个孩子从街对面过来了，(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词，句子需全部倒装，排除B、D两项。又因主语是two kids，所以谓语动词用复数形式，因此C项正确。
12．His last novel sold amazingly more than ten thousand copies and we hope this one will be just________．
A．much popular B．the most popular
C．the more popular D．as popular
D 解析：考查省略句。句意：他的上一本小说令人惊奇地卖到超过了一万本，我们希望这本能和上一本一样受欢迎。and后的分句为省略句，补全应为：and we hope this one will be just as popular as his last novel，故此处用as popular。
13．________ something wrong with your composition.
A．There were B．There have had
C．There seemed to be D．It seemed to
C 解析：此题考查“There be...”句型结构，需注意be和后面的第一个主语在“数”上的一致，另要注意there be的变体形式，答案为C。
14．________you believe him when he said he made it to Eason’s concert! He doesn’t like pop music at all.
A．Do B．Did
C．Don’t D．Didn’t
C 解析：考查祈使句。句意：当他说他去了Eason的音乐会时你不要相信他！他一点儿也不喜欢流行音乐。此处为祈使句。强调主语时主语不省略，表明命令，要求或请求的具体指向，此时否定结构置于主语前。故选C。
15．Hardly ________ to give his lecture when the audience in the lecture hall interrupted him.
A．did he begin B．he began
C．had he begun D．he had begun
C 解析：考查倒装和时态。句意：他刚开始发表演讲，报告厅里的听众就打断了他。hardly...when...“刚……就……，一……就……”句型中，主句通常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；而hardly位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
16．Why! I have nothing to confess.________you want me to say?
A．What is it that B．What it is that
C．How is it that D．How it is that
A 解析：考查特殊疑问句。句意：为什么！我没有什么想坦白的了，你究竟想要我说什么？还原成陈述句是it is sth.that you want me to say，疑问句系动词提前，故选A项。
17．—Look at the flying pigeons in the sky.
—You can’t imagine________they played in the battlefields.
A．what crucial a role B．what role crucial
C．how crucial a role D．how a crucial role
C 解析：考查感叹句。句意：——看天空中那些飞着的鸽子。——你想象不到它们过去在战场上发挥了多么关键性的作用。强调单数可数名词的感叹句有两种形式：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语；How＋形容词＋a/an＋名词＋主语＋谓语。
18．Ancient Indians moved from Asia to what is now the U．S.mainland thousands of years ago and not until the 16th century ________ to settle there.
A．Europeans began
B．began Europeans
C．did Europeans begin
D．had Europeans begun
C 解析：考查时态和倒装。句意：古印第安人几千年前就从亚洲移居到了现在的美国大陆，直到16世纪欧洲人才开始在那里定居。当not until位于句首时，句子要部分倒装；再结合句中的“the 16th century”可知，应用一般过去时，故选C项。
19．So addicted ________ to the computer games that he decided to design a new game on his own.
A．was he B．he has been
C．he was D．has he been
A 解析：考查倒装和时态。句意：他是如此沉迷于电脑游戏以至于他决定自己设计一款新游戏。在句型so...that...中，如果将so...置于句首，主句要部分倒装。根据后面的“he decided”可知，主句用一般过去时。故选A项。
20．________she is not so cheerful________she used to be?
A．How it is that；as
B．How is it that；as
C．Is it why；that
D．Why is it that；what
B 解析：句意：她怎么不像过去那样高兴了呢？强调句的特殊疑问结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他？D项中的what不正确。
21．—________ you got Wang Feng’s autograph photo?
—Didn’t you know I went to his live concert？See？Easy!
A．How it was B．When it was that
C．How was it that D．When was it
C 解析：考查强调句型的特殊疑问句。句意：——你怎么会有汪峰亲笔签名的照片的？——难道你不知道我去他的现场演唱会了吗？看到了吗？很简单！根据答句可知，此处解释了答话人是如何拥有汪峰亲笔签名的照片的，故用引导词how。结合句中的时态可知应用一般过去时。由强调句型的特殊疑问形式“特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋从句”可知，C项正确。
22．So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A．the attack is B．is the attack
C．the attack was D．was the attack
D 解析：考查时态和倒装。句意：进攻是如此突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。在so/such...that结构中，当so/such位于句首时，主句应用倒装形式，根据从句中的“had”可以判断出进攻发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选D。
23．Clever________，Berel Jastrow made a serious mistake.
A．though was he B．though he was
C．he was though D．was he though
B 解析：考查省略句。句意：班瑞尔·杰斯特罗尽管聪明，却犯了一个严重的错误。本题考查though引导状语从句可用倒装形式的用法。本句也可写为：Though he was clever，Berel Jastrow made a serious mistake.。故答案为B项。
24．—Would you like to buy this new phone?
—I________，for I doubt its new function.
A．wouldn’t like it
B．wouldn’t like
C．wouldn’t like to buy
D．wouldn’t like to
D 解析：句意：——你想买这部新手机吗？——我不想买，因为我怀疑它的新功能(是否有用)。在答语中，为了避免重复，把上一句中的动词不定式中的动词省略了，只留下不定式符号to。
25．Hearing the bell ringing，out________．
A．rushing the children
B．were rushing the children
C．rushed the children
D．the children rushed
C 解析：句意：听到铃声响，孩子们冲了出来。表示方位的副词位于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要全部倒装，即：副词＋谓语动词＋主语。
26．Two fifths of the apple________eaten by Susan and the rest of the apple________left on the dining table.
A．was；were B．were；was
C．were；were D．was；was
D 解析：“the rest/分数/百分数＋of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词常与of后面的名词保持数的一致，此处应与名词apple保持一致，故选D。
27．—Have all of you received the invitation to his party?
—No，________only some of us.
A．it was B．there was
C．there were D．they were
A 解析：考查强调句的省略。完整的句子是：It was only some of us that have received the invitation to his party.。
28．Although________with such a hard situation，if we have confidence，we will get over it.
A．facing B．faced
C．are faced D．to face
B 解析：句意：虽然我们面临着那样一个艰难的情形，但是只要我们有信心，就会克服的。此处是省略形式的让步状语从句，补充完整是although we are faced with...由于主从句的主语一致，所以把从句中的we are省略了。表示“面对”时，应用face sth./be faced with sth.。
29．—________fine day it is today!
—Yes，the sunshine is________beautiful that I’d like to go swimming in the sea.
A．How；such B．What a；very
C．How；so D．What a；so
D 解析：考查感叹句及so...that...句型。句意：——今天天气多好啊！——是啊，阳光如此明媚，我要去海边游泳。第一句感叹fine day，是可数名词，所以用what a；第二句为so...that...句型，“如此……以至于……”。
30．Every means________，but none proved successful.
A．have tried B．have been tried
C．has tried D．has been tried
D 解析：考查主谓一致及语态。句意：所有的办法都试过了，但是没有一个成功。名词means由every修饰，谓语动词要用单数形式；means意为“方法”，与动词try是动宾关系，故选D。
31．Come over and sit beside me________I will show you the new software in my cellphone.
A．or B．and
C．but D．when
B 解析：考查连词。句意：过来，坐在我旁边，我将给你看看我手机里的新软件。该句使用了固定句式“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(常用一般将来时)”，因前后表示顺承关系，所以使用and。
32．Not until one of my classmates patted me on the shoulder ________ to myself.
A．I came B．did I come
C．had I come D．I had come
B 解析：考查倒装和时态。句意：直到我一个同学拍了一下我的肩膀，我才回过神来。根据句意及句中的“patted”可知，空处也应用一般过去时；又not until位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。故选B项。
33．—Do you know________made him successful in his career?
—Yes.His hard work and determination，of course.
A．what it was that B．what was it that
C．it was what that D．was it what that
A 解析：考查强调句型。句意：——你知道是什么使他获得职业的成功的吗？——知道，当然是他辛勤的工作和决心。空后是know的宾语从句，宾语从句使用的是强调句型。强调句型的结构是It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。该结构的疑问句结构是Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？该结构的特殊疑问句结构是：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他？该宾语从句中强调的是疑问词what，从句应用陈述语气，故选A。
34．These problems，________，will seriously affect the growth of teenagers and even the nation’s future.
A．not if solved properly
B．if solved properly
C．not if properly solved
D．if not solved properly
D 解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：这些问题如果不被妥善处理的话，将严重影响青少年的成长，甚至国家的未来。句子的主语是solve的动作承受者。从句完整的形式为“if they are not solved properly”，因为主从句主语一致且从句中有be动词，可以把从句中的主语和be动词一起省略。故选D。
35．This drug is less likely to cause side effects when________late in the day.
A．taking B．taken
C．to take D．takes
B 解析：考查省略句。有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如谓语包含有助动词be，主语又和句子的主语一致，或主语是it时，就可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分，尤其是助动词be省略掉。此句中省略了this drug is。句意：在每天晚些时候服用这种药，它产生的副作用会少些。故选B。
36．How happy Marie is! It is the first time that she has seen pandas face to face，________？
A．isn’t she B．hasn’t she
C．isn’t it D．hasn’t it
C 解析：考查反意疑问句。复合句的反意疑问句的疑问部分的主语及助动词应与主句保持一致。前面是肯定句则后面用否定形式，前面是否定句则后面用肯定形式，所以选择C。
37．The women carrying babies，come in first，________？
A．will you B．will they
C．do you D．don’t you
A 解析：考查祈使句。有时为了指明向谁请求或命令，祈使句中也可以说出主语。祈使句的反意疑问句用will you，表示征询对方的意见。
38．Do be careful when driving on the highway，________you might end up in a car accident.
A．or B．and
C．so D．but
A 解析：考查并列连词。句意：在高速公路上开车一定要小心，否则你可能会发生车祸。根据句子结构可以判断出，该句是“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”句型，相当于if not...，另外be前的Do起强调作用。
39．During the time at night，the father enjoys watching TV，while the mother together with her three children________fond of listening to popular songs.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
A 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。当主语后带有together with短语时，句中的谓语仍然和前面的主语一致，不受together with短语的干扰。根据enjoys可知，第二个分句也应用一般现在时。
40．It is reported that no African country apart from South Africa and Egypt________putting more than 4 percent of the national GDP into education in the last ten years.
A．has been B．were
C．was D．have been
A 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“in the last ten years”可知，此处应用现在完成时；所填谓语的主语是“no African country”，当主语后面跟由介词apart from，like，as well as，besides，with等连接的词时，谓语动词的单复数视主语的情况而定，所以此处用单数。
