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2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义:专题一第五讲 动词的时态和语态
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第五讲 动词的时态和语态[学生用书P17]
动词的时态、语态和语气是高考中的重中之重,也是英语句子结构的核心。英语句子的灵动性很大程度上体现在动词的各种变化上,因此谓语动词的时态、语态、语气的运用三位一体,不可分割。在单项填空题型中,时态和语态是考查的热点,但是语气问题也不可忽视。在备考过程中应该对谓语动词变化的各种情况都能够了如指掌。可以预测,未来高考仍然会以考查时态为主,但考查形式会更多地结合语态和语气等形式,越来越侧重在语境中考查动词的时态、语态和语气,所以要求考生首先要掌握时态、语态和语气的基本用法,同时在所设置的语境中根据所给信息进行判断。也就是说,考生应学会通过上下文来确定所用时态、语态和语气。
[学生用书P17]
一般时态
1.(2019·江苏卷)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ________ in love with the people and culture there.
A.would fall B.had fallen
C.has fallen D.fell
D 解析:考查时态。句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就爱上了那里的人民和文化。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
2.(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A.is given B.are given
C.was given D.were given
C 解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:上周Amy和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语“last week”可知,应用一般过去时;as well as连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语一致,即与“Amy”一致,故此处应用单数形式。故选C。
3.(2017·江苏卷)He’s been informed that he________for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A.hasn’t qualified
B.hadn’t qualified
C.doesn’t qualify
D.wasn’t qualifying
C 解析:考查时态。句意:他已被告知,由于他的学术背景,他没有获得奖学金的资格。根据语境可知,此处描述的是客观事实,因此使用一般现在时。
1.一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
Around two o’clock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us.
每天晚上两点左右,苏就说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。
If it doesn’t rain,we’ll go on a picnic as planned.
如果不下雨,我们将按计划去野餐。
Whatever you say,I will not change my mind.
无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。
The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.
飞机每周三、周五2:30起飞。
2.一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态,与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作。
(福建卷)—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?
——好长时间没见你了!你去哪里了?
—I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.
——我去了宁夏,在那里待了一年,作为一名志愿者教学。
3.一般将来时
(1)“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
(2)“be going to+动词原形”表示:①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。
(3)“be to+动词原形”表示:①预先安排好的计划或约定;②表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等;③表示注定要发生的事情。
(4)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
(北京卷)—What time is it?
——几点了?
—I have no idea.But just a minute,I will check it for you.
——我不知道。但是等一会儿,我给你查一下。
—Mr.Li was ill in hospital.
——李老师生病住院了。
—Oh,I didn’t know.I will go to see him tonight.
——哦,我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。
I am to meet Mr.Brown at eleven o’clock this morning.
我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。
I was about to go out when it began to rain.
我正要外出,这时开始下雨了。
1.(2018·北京卷)—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just________on Monday.
A.start B.have started
C.started D.had started
C 解析:考查时态。——你好,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没见过你。——你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我星期一才开始(在这工作)的。根据语境可知,此处用一般过去时,表示过去某一特定的时间(on Monday)发生的事。
2.(重庆卷)You’d better write down her phone number before you ________ it.
A.forget B.are forgetting
C.forgot D.will forget
A 解析:考查动词时态。句意:趁着还没有忘记,你最好把她的电话号码写下来。before本意是“在……之前”,在句中引导时间状语从句,根据具体的语境在句中可译为“趁着……,以免……”,从句中用一般现在时态表示将来的动作。根据语境可知forget为将来的动作,故此处用一般现在时表示将来。
3.(湖南卷)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ________,“What do you wish me to do now?”
A.ask B.have asked
C.am asking D.asked
D 解析:考查时态。句意:当我问到“你希望我现在做什么?”时,我无法掩饰自己急切的心情。句中的wasn’t暗示空格处需用跟过去有关的时态,故选D项。
进行时态
1.(2018·北京卷)Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A.is working B.was working
C.has worked D.had worked
B 解析:考查时态。句意:苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作,去年我去拜访她时,她在社区作义工。根据语境可知,此处表示过去某段时间内正在发生的事,所以用过去进行时。
2.(北京卷)Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A.works B.has worked
C.was working D.would work
C 解析:考查时态。句意:杰克正在实验室里工作的时候,突然停电了。本句使用了句式结构be doing sth. when...“正在做某事时突然……”,此时前一分句用过去进行时,后一分句用一般过去时。因此选C。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear等。
(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用)。
Hurry up,kids!The school bus is waiting for us!
孩子们,快点!校车在等我们!
“The moment is coming soon,”he thought to himself,waiting nervously.
“这一刻就要来到了,”他自思自忖,紧张地等待着。
He is always finding fault with others.
他总是挑别人的毛病。
2.过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time,at that moment,at this time yesterday,at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。
(四川卷)She was phoning someone,so I nodded to her and went away.
她正在跟别人打电话,因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。
3.将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。
Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。
1.It is said that his parents ________ him to be a high achiever, but he turned out to be a nobody.
A.expect B.were expecting
C.would expect D.have been expecting
B 解析:考查时态。句意:据说他的父母一直期望他能大有作为,但结果他成了一个无名小辈。此处表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选B。
2.With the Internet so convenient, several million patients in China ________ webbased mobile platforms for solutions to their healthrelated problems now.
A.turned to B.will turn to
C.are turning to D.had turned to
C 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:因特网是如此方便,几百万中国病人现在正借助于基于网络的移动平台来寻找解决与他们的健康相关的问题的方法。从句意以及时间状语“now”可看出,此处应用现在进行时,故选C。
完成时态
1.(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months.
A.gives B.has given
C.have given D.give
B 解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演。根据后面的时间状语in the last three months可知,谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时;along with连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故选B项。
2.(2019·天津卷)I ________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
A.had hoped B.am hoping
C.have hoped D.would hope
A 解析:考查时态。句意:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但是没能成功。根据句意可知,本句中“想送礼物”发生在“没成功”之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故选A。
1.现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作,常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in the last(past) few years,up to now,so far等。
(2)表示从过去某时开始并延续至今的动作或状态,常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
(4)This/It is the first/second...time+that从句,that从句中谓语要用现在完成时。
(5)It(This) is the best(worst,most interesting等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
—Have you heard about the recent election?
——你听说过近期的选举吗?
—Sure,it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.
——当然了,它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。
It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. 这是我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
除非我亲眼看到,否则我不会相信你的。
2.过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then,by that time,by the end of,by the time等。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
(4)在“hardly(scarcely)...when...”,“no sooner...than...” 句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。
(浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen most of the guests before.
索菲娅环视了所有的面庞,她有印象——绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。
He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he had had it for a very long time.
他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟,他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。
I had intended to call on you,but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本来打算去看你,但是来了一位不速之客。
By the time Jack returned home from England,his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.
我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下了。
3.将来完成时
表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作,并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语为“by+将来某个时间”。
By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket,we will have stayed there for one hour.
等到史密斯先生到达超市时,我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时表示的事情纯属过去,只对过去发生的事情进行客观陈述,与现在的情况无关。常与过去时间状语连用。而现在完成时所表示的事情与现在的情况有关系,是过去事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。常与already,ever,never,yet,just等词连用。
—Have you seen my dictionary?
——你见到我的词典了吗?
—Yes,I saw it on your bed yesterday.
——是的,我昨天看见在你床上。
1.(2018·北京卷)China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A.are growing B.have grown
C.will grow D.had grown
B 解析:考查时态。句意:在过去的几年中,中国的高速铁路已经从9 000 公里增加到25 000公里。根据句中的in the past few years可知,此处用现在完成时。
2.(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)The official was shocked by the crash, because the pilot who was killed ________ any trouble.
A.hadn’t reported B.didn’t report
C.wouldn’t report D.hasn’t reported
A 解析:考查时态。句意:那位官员对这次飞机失事感到震惊,因为飞行员在死亡之前并没有报告任何故障。从句意看,飞机失事是发生在过去的事情,而报告故障显然是飞机失事前发生的事情,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。
高考涉及的其他时态
1.(江苏卷)Dashan, who ________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition.
A.will be learning B.is learning
C.had been learning D.has been learning
D 解析:考查现在完成进行时态。根据句意及定语从句中的时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知,本题使用现在完成进行时态,表示从过去某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去的动作。
2.(福建卷)—Where is Peter?I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.
A.wrote B.had written
C.has been writing D.is writing
C 解析:考查时态。句意:“Peter在哪儿?我到处都找不到他。”“他早饭后去图书馆了,并且从那时起一直在那儿写他的文章。”由ever since可知,Peter从早饭后一直在图书馆写文章(说话时应该仍然在写),故应用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去。故答案为C项。
1.过去将来时
表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的事情,多用于宾语从句中。
He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job next year.
他希望来年能得到更合适的工作。
2.现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。
(湖南卷)Since the time humankind started gardening,we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.
自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起,我们就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更加美丽。
The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。
3.过去完成进行时(had been doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻,这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。
She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.
她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)
She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.
她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
(1)现在完成时强调过去某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响;现在完成进行时强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性,强调的是动作本身。
(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,现在完成时一般不表示重复性。现在完成时通常与since,ever since,for three months,just,already,yet等连用。现在完成进行时通常与since,for three months,all the(this) morning/afternoon/day/month,the whole day等连用。
—Oh no!We’re too late.The train has left.
——噢,不!我们太晚了。火车已经离开了。
—That’s OK.We’ll catch the next train to London.
——没什么。我们将乘坐下一班去伦敦的火车。
Joseph has been going to evening class since last month,but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
约瑟夫从上个月就开始上夜校,但是他还是不会用俄语说“你叫什么名字”。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1.That woman was a little vague at the time but said something to the effect that she ________ the project within three days.
A.finished B.will finish
C.would finish D.will have finished
C 解析:考查时态。句意:那位女士当时有点含糊其辞,不过大意是说她会在三天之内完成这个项目。根据句中的“was”“said”以及“within three days”可知,此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作,应用过去将来时。故选C。
2.—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so.He________for it for months.
A.is preparing B.was preparing
C.had been preparing D.has been preparing
D 解析:句意:——我确信安德鲁最终会赢得一等奖。——我也这么认为。他准备了几个月了。由will可知事情还未发生,表示安德鲁一直在准备着,故选D。
被动语态
1.(2019·江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
A.will install B.will have been installed
C.are installed D.have been installed
B 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据后面的时间状语by 2022可知,空处应用将来完成时。动词install和5G terminals之间是被动关系,故空处应用将来完成时的被动语态。
2.(2018·天津卷)My washing machine ________ this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A.was repaired B.is repaired
C.is being repaired D.has been repaired
C 解析:考查时态和语态。根据“因此我不得不用手洗衣服”可知洗衣机此时“正在被维修”,应该用现在进行时的被动语态。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1.被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态,除be外被动语态的构成形式还有:get/become+过去分词。
2.只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:last,cost,spread,happen(to),take place,belong to,break out,go out,run out,work out。
3.主动形式表示被动含义
(1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel,sound,taste,look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)当sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
(安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted,Henry did his best to perform his duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间,亨利尽力履行好自己的职责。
—So what is the procedure?
——那么程序是什么样?
—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.
——所有的应征者都被面试后官方才作出最后的决定。
Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there’s none left.
洪水灾区的食品即将用完,我们必须在它们用完之前采取措施。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
His books sell well,so they will be sold soon.
他的书很畅销,因此很快就会卖光。
技巧点拨 ____________________________________________原则这样解惑
如何解答动词的时态与语态的问题
近几年,高考命题不单纯考查某一种时态的用法,而是多种时态一起考查、时态与语态一起考查,这就要求考生做题时不能仅根据一个方面去判断答案,而要进行全面综合的考虑。
1.学习动词时态和语态时,切不可脱离语境,一味背记语法规则。了解常用时态的基本用法后,要留心以英语为母语的人在实际生活中是如何运用各种时态和语态的。
2.建立时态的时、体概念。“时”即现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时等;每个时又分四个“体”:一般体、进行体、完成体、完成进行体。
3.解决时态和语态问题要遵循以下解题思路:
一定“时”(这里说的是什么时候的事或情况);
二定“体”(这个动作处于什么状态,是完成了,还是正在进行,还是两者都不是);
三定“态”(这个动词与主语的关系是主动还是被动)。
1.—Jack,do you have any problems if you________.
—Well,I’m thinking about the salary.
A.will be offered B.have offered
C.are offered D.will offer
C 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:——杰克,如果你被录用的话,你还有问题吗?——我正在考虑薪水的问题。根据 I’m thinking about the salary可知是杰克被录取,故选C项。
2.When you visit our town next August,a modern sports center________,for the National Games are to be held then.
A.will be constructing
B.has been constructing
C.will have been constructed
D.is being constructed
C 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语next August,排除B,D两项,再根据a modern sports center和construct是被动关系,排除A项,用将来完成时。故选C项。
[学生用书P21]
单项填空
1.(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.
A.are trapping B.have been trapped
C.were trapping D.had been trapped
D 解析:考查时态和语态。句意:一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山区两天的游客。根据语境可知,此处应用被动语态,且此处表示在过去动作risked his life之前完成的动作,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。
2.(湖南卷)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy,but ________ thankfully by the shop window.
A.am held back B.held back
C.hold back D.was held back
D 解析:考查时态和语态。句意:我有一种强烈的欲望,想伸手进去拿那个玩具玩,但幸亏我被商店橱窗挡住了。句子的主语I与hold back之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;再根据句中的had可知用一般过去时,故选D项。
3.(北京卷)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?
—Not really.She________us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
A.was to give B.had given
C.was giving D.would give
B 解析:考查时态。句意:“你找到安的家有困难吗?”“不是很难。她给了我们很清楚的指引,我们很容易就找到了。”根据问句Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?可知“找到安的家”这件事发生在过去,而“给出(give)指引”应该是发生在“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时态,所以答案为B。
4.(湖南卷)As you go through this book,you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
A.will find B.found
C.had found D.have found
A 解析:考查时态。句意:当你读这本书时,你就会发现那些经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个人都有不同的经历。句中as引导的是时间状语从句,从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,所以主句需用一般将来时。
5.(安徽卷)It is reported that a space station ________ on the moon in years to come.
A.will be building B.will be built
C.has been building D.has been built
B 解析:考查时态和语态。句意:据报道,一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。a space station与build之间是被动关系,因此要用被动语态;“未来的几年内”是将来的时间,因此用一般将来时的被动语态。
6.(四川卷)More expressways ________ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A.are being built B.will be built
C.have been built D.had been built
B 解析:考查时态和语态。句意:为了促进当地的经济发展,很快在四川将会修建更多的高速公路。从该句的时间状语soon可以得知要用将来时态;并且高速公路是“被修建”,因此要用被动语态。结合以上两点可以得知该句要用将来时态的被动语态,即will be built。
7.Described as a “landmark partnership”, the deal between STATSports and the Chinese Football Association ________ as part of China’s push for hosting and winning a World Cup by 2050.
A.sees B.was seen
C.is seen D.is to see
C 解析:考查时态和语态。句意:STATSports与中国足球协会之间的协议被称为“具有里程碑意义的合作伙伴关系”,它被视为中国努力在2050年之前主办和赢得一次世界杯的一部分。根据句意可知,此处陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;又see与the deal之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故选C。
8.To my delight,I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A.was chosen B.was being chosen
C.would choose D.had chosen
A 解析:考查时态和语态的综合运用。句意:令我高兴的是,我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。根据句意可知这件事发生在过去,应用一般过去时;另外,“我”是被选出,故应用被动语态。结合前面的分析可知本题应用一般过去时的被动语态,故答案为A项。
9.Henry doesn’t smoke these days, but he ________ for almost ten years.
A.had smoked B.would smoke
C.smoked D.smokes
C 解析:考查时态。句意:现在亨利不抽烟了,但他过去抽了将近十年。根据题干的信息,这是现在情况跟过去情况的对比,故用一般过去时。故选C项。
10.—Can you give me some advice on what I said just now?
—Sorry,my mind________.
A.has wandered B.had wandered
C.is wandering D.was wandering
D 解析:考查时态。句意:——你能就刚才我说的话提出一些建议吗?——对不起,我刚才心不在焉。根据题干是在对方说话的时候没有注意听,表示过去某个时间点或时间段进行的动作或状态用过去进行时。故选D。
[学生用书P122(单独成册)]
(建议用时:30分钟)
单项填空
1.When Chen Long started the high jump at 7, he had no idea that 8 years later he ________ the gold medal at the Summer Youth Olympic Games.
A.won B.had won
C.would win D.would have won
C 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:当陈龙七岁开始跳高时,他不知道八年后,他会在夏季青年奥林匹克运动会上取得金牌。根据句中的“started”“had no idea that”“8 years later”可知,此处陈述从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作,应用过去将来时。故选C。
2.(2019·江苏名校摸底)The newlyreleased China Daily Global Edition, with a new, eyecatching format, arresting photos, quality cartoons and easytounderstand graphs, ________ on weekdays.
A.is published B.was published
C.publishes D.published
A 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:新推出的《中国日报国际版》采用全新且引人注目的版式、有吸引力的照片、高质量的漫画和易于理解的图表,它在工作日发行。根据句意可知,此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;又The newlyreleased China Daily Global Edition与publish之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故选A。
3.It is almost five years since Jimmy taught high school students and he ________ as an interpreter in a foreign enterprise.
A.served B.had served
C.is serving D.would serve
C 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:吉米不教高中生已经快五年了,他现在在一家外企做口译。根据句意及句中的“as an interpreter in a foreign enterprise”可知,此处描述现在正在进行的动作或状态,应用现在进行时。故选C。
4.Time magazine has chosen “The Guardians”, a group of journalists who ________ for their work, as Person of the Year, for taking great risks in pursuit of greater truths.
A.will target B.have targeted
C.will be targeted D.have been targeted
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:《时代》选择了“守卫者”作为年度风云人物,他们是一群冒很大风险追求更伟大真理的记者,他们因这种追求成了被攻击的目标。target sb./sth.“把某人/某物作为攻击目标”。主句的谓语动词是现在完成时,由此可以判断定语从句也是现在的时态,且从句的主语和谓语是被动关系,故选D。
5.(2019·苏北三市质检)A study shows a worrying tendency that the window for saving the world’s coral reefs from the effects of global warming ________.
A.was being rapidly closed
B.will be rapidly closed
C.has rapidly closed
D.is rapidly closing
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:一项研究展示了一个令人担忧的趋势——保护珊瑚礁免受全球变暖影响的可能性正在快速缩小。that引导的同位语从句说明的是当前正在发生的情况,所以用现在进行时最符合语境。
6.—Your brother has a natural gift for language learning.
—True.He ________ over 1,000 words by the time he was seven.
A.mastered B.was mastering
C.has mastered D.had mastered
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:——你弟弟有一种与生俱来的学习语言的天赋。——的确,他到七岁时,已经掌握了1 000 多个单词。by the time在句中引导时间状语从句,且主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前已完成,表示“过去的过去”,故主句谓语应用过去完成时。
7.—Have you brought the photo of your family?
—Yes,I________ it the whole morning.
A.would look for B.looked for
C.have been looking for D.had looked for
B 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:——你带来你的家庭照了吗?——是的,我找了一个早上。分析句子可知已经带来了家庭照,故一个早上寻找家庭照只是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。故选B项。
8.In order to escape from being punished,they tried to hide the truth that their neglect ________ the accident.
A.would cause B.caused
C.had caused D.has caused
C 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:为了逃避惩罚,他们努力掩盖由于他们的疏忽导致这场事故的真相。cause发生在tried to hide之前,故用过去完成时。
9.The kids who________ for their previous tasks owed more of their failure to a lack of intelligence.
A.haven’t praised B.hadn’t praised
C.weren’t praised D.hadn’t been praised
D 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:那些没有因为先前的任务而受到表扬的孩子更多地把他们的失败归结为智力上的欠缺。本句的主句谓语动词是owed,定语从句中的praise所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,且praise与who(指代The kids)是动宾关系,因此用过去完成时的被动语态。
10.I ________ part in the yearly singing contest this Saturday afternoon.Would you be interested in coming?
A.am taking B.would take
C.take D.have taken
A 解析:考查动词的时态。根据“this Saturday afternoon”(本周六下午)和“coming”可知,一年一度的歌唱比赛还没有开始,故用现在进行时表示将来,即“本周六下午我将参加一年一度的歌唱比赛”。
11.When things don’t go the way we ________, we find ourselves trying to force them and struggling to finish them.
A.planned B.are planning
C.had planned D.will be planning
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:当事情没有按照我们计划的那种方式发展时,我们发现自己会试图强行推动,并且努力来完成这些事情。根据句子语境,此处表示“过去”已经计划好的事情,故“计划”这一动作要用一般过去时。
12.Reminded that her family would move out of the familiar neighborhood,the little girl________ from head to toe the whole night.
A.has shaken B.was shaking
C.had shaken D.would shake
B 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:有人提醒她,她的家人将搬出熟悉的社区,小女孩整个晚上一直全身发抖。根据时间状语the whole night判断用过去进行时。故选B。
13.—I hear that you’ve been shown the new scheme.
—Oh, yes, but how to carry it out ________ at the meeting.
A.didn’t clarify B.hasn’t been clarified
C.wasn’t clarified D.hasn’t clarified
C 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:——我听说你已经看过新计划了。——嗯,是的,但是怎样去执行它在会议上没有被阐明。clarify和how to carry it out是被动关系,排除A、D。根据语境,此处表示过去发生的一个动作,故用一般过去时。
14.Gina seldom ________, but to my surprise, she told me a big lie yesterday.
A.lied B.lies
C.had lied D.has lied
B 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:吉娜很少撒谎,但令我惊讶的是,她昨天对我撒了一个大大的谎。根据语境可知,此处表示的是习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态,应用一般现在时,故选B。
15.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it________and is beyond our control.
A.has passed B.will pass
C.passed D.had passed
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:生活教给我们不要后悔昨天,因为昨天已经过去了,并且无法控制。根据空后的is判断,昨天已经过去,用现在完成时。故选A。
16.Mr.Smith let off upon me the speech he ________ to make all along.
A.had died B.died
C.was dying D.had been dying
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:史密斯先生向我不断练习一个他一直就渴望做的演讲。根据语境可知,be dying to make the speech的动作在let off之前发生,let off是过去的动作,故用过去完成进行时。
17.The products made by our company sell well, but only a year ago no one could have imagined the share of the markets that they ________.
A.were to occupy B.were occupying
C.had occupied D.would have occupied
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:我们公司生产的产品销售得很好,可仅在一年前没有人会想象到它们将在市场上占有的份额。根据句意及句中的时态可知,空处表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作,故应用过去将来时。
18.—Isn’t it time you went to bed, Mike?
—I ________ painting all afternoon, so I have to finish my homework now.
A.was practicing B.have practiced
C.have been practicing D.had practiced
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:我整个下午都在练习绘画,所以现在我不得不完成我的作业了。根据语境可知,paint是在all afternoon这一段时间内发生,故用过去进行时。
19.—The hurricane ________ to reach the coast tomorrow morning.
—If so, we’d better make full preparations for it.
A.is predicting B.has predicted
C.is predicted D.will be predicted
C 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:——预计飓风明天早上到达海岸。——如果是这样的话,我们最好为此做好充分的准备。根据句意来判断,句子的主语The hurricane与谓语predict是被动的关系,而且说明的是现在的情况,所以要用一般现在时的被动语态。
20.The past two years ________ a sharp rise in oil price,which adds to the burden of auto transportation industry.
A.witnessed B.has witnessed
C.is witnessing D.witnesses
B 解析:考查动词的时态。根据从句的时态可排除A项,主句应使用现在完成时态,表示动作已完成,而且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有影响。
21. I’m tired out.I________ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
A.shopped B.have shopped
C.had shopped D.have been shopping
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物,我好像什么事都没做成似的。由语境可判断选D项。
22.Whatever you have found, you should give it back to whomever it ________.
A.is belonged to B.is belonging to
C.belonged to D.belongs to
D 解析:考查主动形式表示被动意义。belong to只能用于主动语态。根据语境可知,应用一般现在时。
23.—Help me out in the kitchen and I ________ you to a cup of coffee.
—Sounds good.
A.will treat B.treat
C.am treating D.have treated
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:——要是你在厨房里帮我忙的话,我将请你喝咖啡。——听起来不错。根据对话语境可知,应用一般将来时。
24.The audience ________ the film by the famous director the moment they saw it.
A.enjoyed B.had been enjoying
C.were enjoying D.would enjoy
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:观众们一看到这位著名导演拍摄的电影,就喜欢上它了。the moment意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句,从句用的是一般过去时,故主句也用一般过去时。
25.—I guess you can buy such a smart phone for 300 dollars.
—I could just two months ago, but the price ________ by 20%.
A.went up B.had gone up
C.has gone up D.goes up
C 解析:考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,此处是说该款智能手机到目前为止价格已上涨20%,因此用现在完成时。
26.Tom is very happy in China during this period because his Chinese ________ every day.
A.has improved B.is improving
C.improved D.is improved
B 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:在中国的这段日子Tom很高兴,因为他的汉语水平天天在提高。用现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
27.—Peter! Let’s hurry.The boss is coming.
—Oh,I was afraid that we ________ her.
A.miss B.had missed
C.will miss D.have missed
B 解析:考查动词的时态。根据答语“我原本还担心我们已经错过(见)她了呢”以及主句的时态可知应用过去完成时。
28.—How is your sister?
—She________ quite good after the operation,but she is taking a turn for the worse today.
A.felt B.feels
C.had felt D.has been feeling
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:——你妹妹怎么样?——手术后她感到不错,但今天她感觉比较糟。手术后感到不错,是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。
29.—What’s the result of the basketball match?
—You see, the rain________it and the second half is put off till next PE class.
A.ruined B.is ruining
C.will ruin D.had ruined
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:——篮球比赛的结果是什么?——你知道。大雨毁掉了比赛,下半场推迟到下一节体育课。根据语境,篮球比赛是发生在过去,大雨毁掉比赛也应该发生在过去,表示发生在过去的某个时间点或时间段的动作或状态,用一般过去时。故选A。
30.She didn’t go to Jeremy’s party that evening as she ________ on a journey the next dawn.
A.has set out B.would set out
C.had set out D.had been setting out
B 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:那天晚上她没有去参加Jeremy的聚会,因为第二天黎明时她要出发去旅行。根据题干中的“the next dawn”和主句的时态可知,从句要用过去将来时表示在过去某一时间点看,将要发生的动作。故选B项。
31.—Good evening.I ________to see Miss Mary.
—Oh,good evening.I’m sorry,but she is not in.
A.came B.come
C.have come D.had come
C 解析:考查动词的时态。选项A表示过去所发生的事情;B项表示经常性或习惯性的动作;C项表示目前的情况和影响;D项时态不符合对话的时间和语境。
32.—Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
—Oh!I thought they ________ without me.
A.went B.are going
C.have gone D.had gone
D 解析:考查动词的时态。答语句意:我原以为她们不等我就走了呢。“走”和“想”这两个动作有时间上的先后关系,故用过去完成时。
33.—Tom is so joyful that he smiles at everyone.
—So ________ you if you get the first in the exam.
A.do B.are
C.would D.will
D 解析:句意:——汤姆如此高兴以至于见人就笑。——如果你考试得了第一,你也会这样。条件状语从句(if...)若用一般现在时,则主句要用一般将来时;此句相当于:You will also be so joyful if you get the first in the exam.。
34.The football players ________ about returning to their bedrooms early but their coach rejected their request for leaving the field.
A.think B.have thought
C.were thinking D.had thought
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:这些足球运动员本想早点回到宿舍,但是他们的教练拒绝了他们离开运动场的请求。根据“but their coach rejected their request for leaving the field”可知,“运动员想早点回到宿舍”是发生在教练不让他们离开运动场之前的动作,表示“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。故选D。
35.Now the world’s attention ________ the stock markets,as they have a great influence on the world’s economy.
A.is fixing on B.has fixed on
C.is being fixed on D.had been fixed on
C 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。fix和attention之间是动宾关系,故排除A、B两项;再根据Now可知,此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。
36.(2019·南京模拟)They moved here in 2012.Until then they ________ in the London area.
A.lived B.have lived
C.were living D.had lived
D 解析:考查动词的时态。根据第一句的时间状语“in 2012”和第二句中的“Until then”可知,live表示的动作发生在moved这个过去的动作之前,即表示“过去的过去”,要用过去完成时。
37.—Why,Jack,you look so tired!
—Well,I ________ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A.was painting B.will be painting
C.have painted D.have been painting
D 解析:考查动词的时态。答话人叙述的是现在的事实,再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子,而且还要持续下去,所以用现在完成进行时。
38.I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.
A.taught B.have taught
C.are taught D.have been taught
D 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据前一分句的时态以及后一分句中many times可知此处用现在完成时;又因为动词teach与主语they之间为动宾关系,故用被动语态。
39.—Do you think he can get the first prize for jumping?
—Impossible now.He ________ to do so,but he has just hurt his leg.
A.would expect B.was expected
C.has expected D.is expected
B 解析:句意:——你认为他能在跳远中得第一名吗?——现在不可能了。预计他会(得第一名)的,但是他刚刚伤了腿。由语境可知,预计他会得第一,是发生在过去的事,故用一般过去时。
40.To be honest, this is the second time that I ________ to London with the professor this year.
A.have been invited B.am invited
C.was invited D.had been invited
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:老实说,这是我今年第二次被邀请和教授一起去伦敦。本题考查的是时态在it/this is/was the first/second...time that句型中的运用,当be动词是is时,从句应用现在完成时;当be动词为was时,从句用过去完成时。故本题选A项。
第五讲 动词的时态和语态[学生用书P17]
动词的时态、语态和语气是高考中的重中之重,也是英语句子结构的核心。英语句子的灵动性很大程度上体现在动词的各种变化上,因此谓语动词的时态、语态、语气的运用三位一体,不可分割。在单项填空题型中,时态和语态是考查的热点,但是语气问题也不可忽视。在备考过程中应该对谓语动词变化的各种情况都能够了如指掌。可以预测,未来高考仍然会以考查时态为主,但考查形式会更多地结合语态和语气等形式,越来越侧重在语境中考查动词的时态、语态和语气,所以要求考生首先要掌握时态、语态和语气的基本用法,同时在所设置的语境中根据所给信息进行判断。也就是说,考生应学会通过上下文来确定所用时态、语态和语气。
[学生用书P17]
一般时态
1.(2019·江苏卷)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ________ in love with the people and culture there.
A.would fall B.had fallen
C.has fallen D.fell
D 解析:考查时态。句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就爱上了那里的人民和文化。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
2.(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A.is given B.are given
C.was given D.were given
C 解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:上周Amy和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语“last week”可知,应用一般过去时;as well as连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语一致,即与“Amy”一致,故此处应用单数形式。故选C。
3.(2017·江苏卷)He’s been informed that he________for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A.hasn’t qualified
B.hadn’t qualified
C.doesn’t qualify
D.wasn’t qualifying
C 解析:考查时态。句意:他已被告知,由于他的学术背景,他没有获得奖学金的资格。根据语境可知,此处描述的是客观事实,因此使用一般现在时。
1.一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
Around two o’clock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us.
每天晚上两点左右,苏就说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。
If it doesn’t rain,we’ll go on a picnic as planned.
如果不下雨,我们将按计划去野餐。
Whatever you say,I will not change my mind.
无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。
The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.
飞机每周三、周五2:30起飞。
2.一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态,与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作。
(福建卷)—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?
——好长时间没见你了!你去哪里了?
—I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.
——我去了宁夏,在那里待了一年,作为一名志愿者教学。
3.一般将来时
(1)“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
(2)“be going to+动词原形”表示:①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。
(3)“be to+动词原形”表示:①预先安排好的计划或约定;②表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等;③表示注定要发生的事情。
(4)“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
(北京卷)—What time is it?
——几点了?
—I have no idea.But just a minute,I will check it for you.
——我不知道。但是等一会儿,我给你查一下。
—Mr.Li was ill in hospital.
——李老师生病住院了。
—Oh,I didn’t know.I will go to see him tonight.
——哦,我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。
I am to meet Mr.Brown at eleven o’clock this morning.
我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。
I was about to go out when it began to rain.
我正要外出,这时开始下雨了。
1.(2018·北京卷)—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just________on Monday.
A.start B.have started
C.started D.had started
C 解析:考查时态。——你好,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没见过你。——你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我星期一才开始(在这工作)的。根据语境可知,此处用一般过去时,表示过去某一特定的时间(on Monday)发生的事。
2.(重庆卷)You’d better write down her phone number before you ________ it.
A.forget B.are forgetting
C.forgot D.will forget
A 解析:考查动词时态。句意:趁着还没有忘记,你最好把她的电话号码写下来。before本意是“在……之前”,在句中引导时间状语从句,根据具体的语境在句中可译为“趁着……,以免……”,从句中用一般现在时态表示将来的动作。根据语境可知forget为将来的动作,故此处用一般现在时表示将来。
3.(湖南卷)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ________,“What do you wish me to do now?”
A.ask B.have asked
C.am asking D.asked
D 解析:考查时态。句意:当我问到“你希望我现在做什么?”时,我无法掩饰自己急切的心情。句中的wasn’t暗示空格处需用跟过去有关的时态,故选D项。
进行时态
1.(2018·北京卷)Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A.is working B.was working
C.has worked D.had worked
B 解析:考查时态。句意:苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作,去年我去拜访她时,她在社区作义工。根据语境可知,此处表示过去某段时间内正在发生的事,所以用过去进行时。
2.(北京卷)Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A.works B.has worked
C.was working D.would work
C 解析:考查时态。句意:杰克正在实验室里工作的时候,突然停电了。本句使用了句式结构be doing sth. when...“正在做某事时突然……”,此时前一分句用过去进行时,后一分句用一般过去时。因此选C。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear等。
(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用)。
Hurry up,kids!The school bus is waiting for us!
孩子们,快点!校车在等我们!
“The moment is coming soon,”he thought to himself,waiting nervously.
“这一刻就要来到了,”他自思自忖,紧张地等待着。
He is always finding fault with others.
他总是挑别人的毛病。
2.过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time,at that moment,at this time yesterday,at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。
(四川卷)She was phoning someone,so I nodded to her and went away.
她正在跟别人打电话,因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。
3.将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。
Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。
1.It is said that his parents ________ him to be a high achiever, but he turned out to be a nobody.
A.expect B.were expecting
C.would expect D.have been expecting
B 解析:考查时态。句意:据说他的父母一直期望他能大有作为,但结果他成了一个无名小辈。此处表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选B。
2.With the Internet so convenient, several million patients in China ________ webbased mobile platforms for solutions to their healthrelated problems now.
A.turned to B.will turn to
C.are turning to D.had turned to
C 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:因特网是如此方便,几百万中国病人现在正借助于基于网络的移动平台来寻找解决与他们的健康相关的问题的方法。从句意以及时间状语“now”可看出,此处应用现在进行时,故选C。
完成时态
1.(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months.
A.gives B.has given
C.have given D.give
B 解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演。根据后面的时间状语in the last three months可知,谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时;along with连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故选B项。
2.(2019·天津卷)I ________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
A.had hoped B.am hoping
C.have hoped D.would hope
A 解析:考查时态。句意:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但是没能成功。根据句意可知,本句中“想送礼物”发生在“没成功”之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故选A。
1.现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作,常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in the last(past) few years,up to now,so far等。
(2)表示从过去某时开始并延续至今的动作或状态,常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
(4)This/It is the first/second...time+that从句,that从句中谓语要用现在完成时。
(5)It(This) is the best(worst,most interesting等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
—Have you heard about the recent election?
——你听说过近期的选举吗?
—Sure,it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.
——当然了,它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。
It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. 这是我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
除非我亲眼看到,否则我不会相信你的。
2.过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then,by that time,by the end of,by the time等。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
(4)在“hardly(scarcely)...when...”,“no sooner...than...” 句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。
(浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen most of the guests before.
索菲娅环视了所有的面庞,她有印象——绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。
He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he had had it for a very long time.
他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟,他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。
I had intended to call on you,but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本来打算去看你,但是来了一位不速之客。
By the time Jack returned home from England,his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.
我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下了。
3.将来完成时
表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作,并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语为“by+将来某个时间”。
By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket,we will have stayed there for one hour.
等到史密斯先生到达超市时,我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时表示的事情纯属过去,只对过去发生的事情进行客观陈述,与现在的情况无关。常与过去时间状语连用。而现在完成时所表示的事情与现在的情况有关系,是过去事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。常与already,ever,never,yet,just等词连用。
—Have you seen my dictionary?
——你见到我的词典了吗?
—Yes,I saw it on your bed yesterday.
——是的,我昨天看见在你床上。
1.(2018·北京卷)China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A.are growing B.have grown
C.will grow D.had grown
B 解析:考查时态。句意:在过去的几年中,中国的高速铁路已经从9 000 公里增加到25 000公里。根据句中的in the past few years可知,此处用现在完成时。
2.(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)The official was shocked by the crash, because the pilot who was killed ________ any trouble.
A.hadn’t reported B.didn’t report
C.wouldn’t report D.hasn’t reported
A 解析:考查时态。句意:那位官员对这次飞机失事感到震惊,因为飞行员在死亡之前并没有报告任何故障。从句意看,飞机失事是发生在过去的事情,而报告故障显然是飞机失事前发生的事情,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。
高考涉及的其他时态
1.(江苏卷)Dashan, who ________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition.
A.will be learning B.is learning
C.had been learning D.has been learning
D 解析:考查现在完成进行时态。根据句意及定语从句中的时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知,本题使用现在完成进行时态,表示从过去某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去的动作。
2.(福建卷)—Where is Peter?I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.
A.wrote B.had written
C.has been writing D.is writing
C 解析:考查时态。句意:“Peter在哪儿?我到处都找不到他。”“他早饭后去图书馆了,并且从那时起一直在那儿写他的文章。”由ever since可知,Peter从早饭后一直在图书馆写文章(说话时应该仍然在写),故应用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去。故答案为C项。
1.过去将来时
表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的事情,多用于宾语从句中。
He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job next year.
他希望来年能得到更合适的工作。
2.现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。
(湖南卷)Since the time humankind started gardening,we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.
自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起,我们就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更加美丽。
The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。
3.过去完成进行时(had been doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻,这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。
She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.
她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)
She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.
她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
(1)现在完成时强调过去某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响;现在完成进行时强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性,强调的是动作本身。
(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,现在完成时一般不表示重复性。现在完成时通常与since,ever since,for three months,just,already,yet等连用。现在完成进行时通常与since,for three months,all the(this) morning/afternoon/day/month,the whole day等连用。
—Oh no!We’re too late.The train has left.
——噢,不!我们太晚了。火车已经离开了。
—That’s OK.We’ll catch the next train to London.
——没什么。我们将乘坐下一班去伦敦的火车。
Joseph has been going to evening class since last month,but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
约瑟夫从上个月就开始上夜校,但是他还是不会用俄语说“你叫什么名字”。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1.That woman was a little vague at the time but said something to the effect that she ________ the project within three days.
A.finished B.will finish
C.would finish D.will have finished
C 解析:考查时态。句意:那位女士当时有点含糊其辞,不过大意是说她会在三天之内完成这个项目。根据句中的“was”“said”以及“within three days”可知,此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作,应用过去将来时。故选C。
2.—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so.He________for it for months.
A.is preparing B.was preparing
C.had been preparing D.has been preparing
D 解析:句意:——我确信安德鲁最终会赢得一等奖。——我也这么认为。他准备了几个月了。由will可知事情还未发生,表示安德鲁一直在准备着,故选D。
被动语态
1.(2019·江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
A.will install B.will have been installed
C.are installed D.have been installed
B 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据后面的时间状语by 2022可知,空处应用将来完成时。动词install和5G terminals之间是被动关系,故空处应用将来完成时的被动语态。
2.(2018·天津卷)My washing machine ________ this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A.was repaired B.is repaired
C.is being repaired D.has been repaired
C 解析:考查时态和语态。根据“因此我不得不用手洗衣服”可知洗衣机此时“正在被维修”,应该用现在进行时的被动语态。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1.被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态,除be外被动语态的构成形式还有:get/become+过去分词。
2.只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:last,cost,spread,happen(to),take place,belong to,break out,go out,run out,work out。
3.主动形式表示被动含义
(1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel,sound,taste,look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)当sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
(安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted,Henry did his best to perform his duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间,亨利尽力履行好自己的职责。
—So what is the procedure?
——那么程序是什么样?
—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.
——所有的应征者都被面试后官方才作出最后的决定。
Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there’s none left.
洪水灾区的食品即将用完,我们必须在它们用完之前采取措施。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
His books sell well,so they will be sold soon.
他的书很畅销,因此很快就会卖光。
技巧点拨 ____________________________________________原则这样解惑
如何解答动词的时态与语态的问题
近几年,高考命题不单纯考查某一种时态的用法,而是多种时态一起考查、时态与语态一起考查,这就要求考生做题时不能仅根据一个方面去判断答案,而要进行全面综合的考虑。
1.学习动词时态和语态时,切不可脱离语境,一味背记语法规则。了解常用时态的基本用法后,要留心以英语为母语的人在实际生活中是如何运用各种时态和语态的。
2.建立时态的时、体概念。“时”即现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时等;每个时又分四个“体”:一般体、进行体、完成体、完成进行体。
3.解决时态和语态问题要遵循以下解题思路:
一定“时”(这里说的是什么时候的事或情况);
二定“体”(这个动作处于什么状态,是完成了,还是正在进行,还是两者都不是);
三定“态”(这个动词与主语的关系是主动还是被动)。
1.—Jack,do you have any problems if you________.
—Well,I’m thinking about the salary.
A.will be offered B.have offered
C.are offered D.will offer
C 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:——杰克,如果你被录用的话,你还有问题吗?——我正在考虑薪水的问题。根据 I’m thinking about the salary可知是杰克被录取,故选C项。
2.When you visit our town next August,a modern sports center________,for the National Games are to be held then.
A.will be constructing
B.has been constructing
C.will have been constructed
D.is being constructed
C 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语next August,排除B,D两项,再根据a modern sports center和construct是被动关系,排除A项,用将来完成时。故选C项。
[学生用书P21]
单项填空
1.(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.
A.are trapping B.have been trapped
C.were trapping D.had been trapped
D 解析:考查时态和语态。句意:一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山区两天的游客。根据语境可知,此处应用被动语态,且此处表示在过去动作risked his life之前完成的动作,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。
2.(湖南卷)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy,but ________ thankfully by the shop window.
A.am held back B.held back
C.hold back D.was held back
D 解析:考查时态和语态。句意:我有一种强烈的欲望,想伸手进去拿那个玩具玩,但幸亏我被商店橱窗挡住了。句子的主语I与hold back之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;再根据句中的had可知用一般过去时,故选D项。
3.(北京卷)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?
—Not really.She________us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
A.was to give B.had given
C.was giving D.would give
B 解析:考查时态。句意:“你找到安的家有困难吗?”“不是很难。她给了我们很清楚的指引,我们很容易就找到了。”根据问句Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?可知“找到安的家”这件事发生在过去,而“给出(give)指引”应该是发生在“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时态,所以答案为B。
4.(湖南卷)As you go through this book,you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
A.will find B.found
C.had found D.have found
A 解析:考查时态。句意:当你读这本书时,你就会发现那些经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个人都有不同的经历。句中as引导的是时间状语从句,从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,所以主句需用一般将来时。
5.(安徽卷)It is reported that a space station ________ on the moon in years to come.
A.will be building B.will be built
C.has been building D.has been built
B 解析:考查时态和语态。句意:据报道,一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。a space station与build之间是被动关系,因此要用被动语态;“未来的几年内”是将来的时间,因此用一般将来时的被动语态。
6.(四川卷)More expressways ________ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A.are being built B.will be built
C.have been built D.had been built
B 解析:考查时态和语态。句意:为了促进当地的经济发展,很快在四川将会修建更多的高速公路。从该句的时间状语soon可以得知要用将来时态;并且高速公路是“被修建”,因此要用被动语态。结合以上两点可以得知该句要用将来时态的被动语态,即will be built。
7.Described as a “landmark partnership”, the deal between STATSports and the Chinese Football Association ________ as part of China’s push for hosting and winning a World Cup by 2050.
A.sees B.was seen
C.is seen D.is to see
C 解析:考查时态和语态。句意:STATSports与中国足球协会之间的协议被称为“具有里程碑意义的合作伙伴关系”,它被视为中国努力在2050年之前主办和赢得一次世界杯的一部分。根据句意可知,此处陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;又see与the deal之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故选C。
8.To my delight,I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A.was chosen B.was being chosen
C.would choose D.had chosen
A 解析:考查时态和语态的综合运用。句意:令我高兴的是,我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。根据句意可知这件事发生在过去,应用一般过去时;另外,“我”是被选出,故应用被动语态。结合前面的分析可知本题应用一般过去时的被动语态,故答案为A项。
9.Henry doesn’t smoke these days, but he ________ for almost ten years.
A.had smoked B.would smoke
C.smoked D.smokes
C 解析:考查时态。句意:现在亨利不抽烟了,但他过去抽了将近十年。根据题干的信息,这是现在情况跟过去情况的对比,故用一般过去时。故选C项。
10.—Can you give me some advice on what I said just now?
—Sorry,my mind________.
A.has wandered B.had wandered
C.is wandering D.was wandering
D 解析:考查时态。句意:——你能就刚才我说的话提出一些建议吗?——对不起,我刚才心不在焉。根据题干是在对方说话的时候没有注意听,表示过去某个时间点或时间段进行的动作或状态用过去进行时。故选D。
[学生用书P122(单独成册)]
(建议用时:30分钟)
单项填空
1.When Chen Long started the high jump at 7, he had no idea that 8 years later he ________ the gold medal at the Summer Youth Olympic Games.
A.won B.had won
C.would win D.would have won
C 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:当陈龙七岁开始跳高时,他不知道八年后,他会在夏季青年奥林匹克运动会上取得金牌。根据句中的“started”“had no idea that”“8 years later”可知,此处陈述从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作,应用过去将来时。故选C。
2.(2019·江苏名校摸底)The newlyreleased China Daily Global Edition, with a new, eyecatching format, arresting photos, quality cartoons and easytounderstand graphs, ________ on weekdays.
A.is published B.was published
C.publishes D.published
A 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:新推出的《中国日报国际版》采用全新且引人注目的版式、有吸引力的照片、高质量的漫画和易于理解的图表,它在工作日发行。根据句意可知,此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;又The newlyreleased China Daily Global Edition与publish之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故选A。
3.It is almost five years since Jimmy taught high school students and he ________ as an interpreter in a foreign enterprise.
A.served B.had served
C.is serving D.would serve
C 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:吉米不教高中生已经快五年了,他现在在一家外企做口译。根据句意及句中的“as an interpreter in a foreign enterprise”可知,此处描述现在正在进行的动作或状态,应用现在进行时。故选C。
4.Time magazine has chosen “The Guardians”, a group of journalists who ________ for their work, as Person of the Year, for taking great risks in pursuit of greater truths.
A.will target B.have targeted
C.will be targeted D.have been targeted
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:《时代》选择了“守卫者”作为年度风云人物,他们是一群冒很大风险追求更伟大真理的记者,他们因这种追求成了被攻击的目标。target sb./sth.“把某人/某物作为攻击目标”。主句的谓语动词是现在完成时,由此可以判断定语从句也是现在的时态,且从句的主语和谓语是被动关系,故选D。
5.(2019·苏北三市质检)A study shows a worrying tendency that the window for saving the world’s coral reefs from the effects of global warming ________.
A.was being rapidly closed
B.will be rapidly closed
C.has rapidly closed
D.is rapidly closing
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:一项研究展示了一个令人担忧的趋势——保护珊瑚礁免受全球变暖影响的可能性正在快速缩小。that引导的同位语从句说明的是当前正在发生的情况,所以用现在进行时最符合语境。
6.—Your brother has a natural gift for language learning.
—True.He ________ over 1,000 words by the time he was seven.
A.mastered B.was mastering
C.has mastered D.had mastered
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:——你弟弟有一种与生俱来的学习语言的天赋。——的确,他到七岁时,已经掌握了1 000 多个单词。by the time在句中引导时间状语从句,且主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前已完成,表示“过去的过去”,故主句谓语应用过去完成时。
7.—Have you brought the photo of your family?
—Yes,I________ it the whole morning.
A.would look for B.looked for
C.have been looking for D.had looked for
B 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:——你带来你的家庭照了吗?——是的,我找了一个早上。分析句子可知已经带来了家庭照,故一个早上寻找家庭照只是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。故选B项。
8.In order to escape from being punished,they tried to hide the truth that their neglect ________ the accident.
A.would cause B.caused
C.had caused D.has caused
C 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:为了逃避惩罚,他们努力掩盖由于他们的疏忽导致这场事故的真相。cause发生在tried to hide之前,故用过去完成时。
9.The kids who________ for their previous tasks owed more of their failure to a lack of intelligence.
A.haven’t praised B.hadn’t praised
C.weren’t praised D.hadn’t been praised
D 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:那些没有因为先前的任务而受到表扬的孩子更多地把他们的失败归结为智力上的欠缺。本句的主句谓语动词是owed,定语从句中的praise所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,且praise与who(指代The kids)是动宾关系,因此用过去完成时的被动语态。
10.I ________ part in the yearly singing contest this Saturday afternoon.Would you be interested in coming?
A.am taking B.would take
C.take D.have taken
A 解析:考查动词的时态。根据“this Saturday afternoon”(本周六下午)和“coming”可知,一年一度的歌唱比赛还没有开始,故用现在进行时表示将来,即“本周六下午我将参加一年一度的歌唱比赛”。
11.When things don’t go the way we ________, we find ourselves trying to force them and struggling to finish them.
A.planned B.are planning
C.had planned D.will be planning
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:当事情没有按照我们计划的那种方式发展时,我们发现自己会试图强行推动,并且努力来完成这些事情。根据句子语境,此处表示“过去”已经计划好的事情,故“计划”这一动作要用一般过去时。
12.Reminded that her family would move out of the familiar neighborhood,the little girl________ from head to toe the whole night.
A.has shaken B.was shaking
C.had shaken D.would shake
B 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:有人提醒她,她的家人将搬出熟悉的社区,小女孩整个晚上一直全身发抖。根据时间状语the whole night判断用过去进行时。故选B。
13.—I hear that you’ve been shown the new scheme.
—Oh, yes, but how to carry it out ________ at the meeting.
A.didn’t clarify B.hasn’t been clarified
C.wasn’t clarified D.hasn’t clarified
C 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:——我听说你已经看过新计划了。——嗯,是的,但是怎样去执行它在会议上没有被阐明。clarify和how to carry it out是被动关系,排除A、D。根据语境,此处表示过去发生的一个动作,故用一般过去时。
14.Gina seldom ________, but to my surprise, she told me a big lie yesterday.
A.lied B.lies
C.had lied D.has lied
B 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:吉娜很少撒谎,但令我惊讶的是,她昨天对我撒了一个大大的谎。根据语境可知,此处表示的是习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态,应用一般现在时,故选B。
15.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it________and is beyond our control.
A.has passed B.will pass
C.passed D.had passed
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:生活教给我们不要后悔昨天,因为昨天已经过去了,并且无法控制。根据空后的is判断,昨天已经过去,用现在完成时。故选A。
16.Mr.Smith let off upon me the speech he ________ to make all along.
A.had died B.died
C.was dying D.had been dying
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:史密斯先生向我不断练习一个他一直就渴望做的演讲。根据语境可知,be dying to make the speech的动作在let off之前发生,let off是过去的动作,故用过去完成进行时。
17.The products made by our company sell well, but only a year ago no one could have imagined the share of the markets that they ________.
A.were to occupy B.were occupying
C.had occupied D.would have occupied
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:我们公司生产的产品销售得很好,可仅在一年前没有人会想象到它们将在市场上占有的份额。根据句意及句中的时态可知,空处表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作,故应用过去将来时。
18.—Isn’t it time you went to bed, Mike?
—I ________ painting all afternoon, so I have to finish my homework now.
A.was practicing B.have practiced
C.have been practicing D.had practiced
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:我整个下午都在练习绘画,所以现在我不得不完成我的作业了。根据语境可知,paint是在all afternoon这一段时间内发生,故用过去进行时。
19.—The hurricane ________ to reach the coast tomorrow morning.
—If so, we’d better make full preparations for it.
A.is predicting B.has predicted
C.is predicted D.will be predicted
C 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:——预计飓风明天早上到达海岸。——如果是这样的话,我们最好为此做好充分的准备。根据句意来判断,句子的主语The hurricane与谓语predict是被动的关系,而且说明的是现在的情况,所以要用一般现在时的被动语态。
20.The past two years ________ a sharp rise in oil price,which adds to the burden of auto transportation industry.
A.witnessed B.has witnessed
C.is witnessing D.witnesses
B 解析:考查动词的时态。根据从句的时态可排除A项,主句应使用现在完成时态,表示动作已完成,而且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有影响。
21. I’m tired out.I________ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
A.shopped B.have shopped
C.had shopped D.have been shopping
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物,我好像什么事都没做成似的。由语境可判断选D项。
22.Whatever you have found, you should give it back to whomever it ________.
A.is belonged to B.is belonging to
C.belonged to D.belongs to
D 解析:考查主动形式表示被动意义。belong to只能用于主动语态。根据语境可知,应用一般现在时。
23.—Help me out in the kitchen and I ________ you to a cup of coffee.
—Sounds good.
A.will treat B.treat
C.am treating D.have treated
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:——要是你在厨房里帮我忙的话,我将请你喝咖啡。——听起来不错。根据对话语境可知,应用一般将来时。
24.The audience ________ the film by the famous director the moment they saw it.
A.enjoyed B.had been enjoying
C.were enjoying D.would enjoy
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:观众们一看到这位著名导演拍摄的电影,就喜欢上它了。the moment意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句,从句用的是一般过去时,故主句也用一般过去时。
25.—I guess you can buy such a smart phone for 300 dollars.
—I could just two months ago, but the price ________ by 20%.
A.went up B.had gone up
C.has gone up D.goes up
C 解析:考查动词的时态。根据语境可知,此处是说该款智能手机到目前为止价格已上涨20%,因此用现在完成时。
26.Tom is very happy in China during this period because his Chinese ________ every day.
A.has improved B.is improving
C.improved D.is improved
B 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:在中国的这段日子Tom很高兴,因为他的汉语水平天天在提高。用现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
27.—Peter! Let’s hurry.The boss is coming.
—Oh,I was afraid that we ________ her.
A.miss B.had missed
C.will miss D.have missed
B 解析:考查动词的时态。根据答语“我原本还担心我们已经错过(见)她了呢”以及主句的时态可知应用过去完成时。
28.—How is your sister?
—She________ quite good after the operation,but she is taking a turn for the worse today.
A.felt B.feels
C.had felt D.has been feeling
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:——你妹妹怎么样?——手术后她感到不错,但今天她感觉比较糟。手术后感到不错,是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。
29.—What’s the result of the basketball match?
—You see, the rain________it and the second half is put off till next PE class.
A.ruined B.is ruining
C.will ruin D.had ruined
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:——篮球比赛的结果是什么?——你知道。大雨毁掉了比赛,下半场推迟到下一节体育课。根据语境,篮球比赛是发生在过去,大雨毁掉比赛也应该发生在过去,表示发生在过去的某个时间点或时间段的动作或状态,用一般过去时。故选A。
30.She didn’t go to Jeremy’s party that evening as she ________ on a journey the next dawn.
A.has set out B.would set out
C.had set out D.had been setting out
B 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:那天晚上她没有去参加Jeremy的聚会,因为第二天黎明时她要出发去旅行。根据题干中的“the next dawn”和主句的时态可知,从句要用过去将来时表示在过去某一时间点看,将要发生的动作。故选B项。
31.—Good evening.I ________to see Miss Mary.
—Oh,good evening.I’m sorry,but she is not in.
A.came B.come
C.have come D.had come
C 解析:考查动词的时态。选项A表示过去所发生的事情;B项表示经常性或习惯性的动作;C项表示目前的情况和影响;D项时态不符合对话的时间和语境。
32.—Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
—Oh!I thought they ________ without me.
A.went B.are going
C.have gone D.had gone
D 解析:考查动词的时态。答语句意:我原以为她们不等我就走了呢。“走”和“想”这两个动作有时间上的先后关系,故用过去完成时。
33.—Tom is so joyful that he smiles at everyone.
—So ________ you if you get the first in the exam.
A.do B.are
C.would D.will
D 解析:句意:——汤姆如此高兴以至于见人就笑。——如果你考试得了第一,你也会这样。条件状语从句(if...)若用一般现在时,则主句要用一般将来时;此句相当于:You will also be so joyful if you get the first in the exam.。
34.The football players ________ about returning to their bedrooms early but their coach rejected their request for leaving the field.
A.think B.have thought
C.were thinking D.had thought
D 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:这些足球运动员本想早点回到宿舍,但是他们的教练拒绝了他们离开运动场的请求。根据“but their coach rejected their request for leaving the field”可知,“运动员想早点回到宿舍”是发生在教练不让他们离开运动场之前的动作,表示“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。故选D。
35.Now the world’s attention ________ the stock markets,as they have a great influence on the world’s economy.
A.is fixing on B.has fixed on
C.is being fixed on D.had been fixed on
C 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。fix和attention之间是动宾关系,故排除A、B两项;再根据Now可知,此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。
36.(2019·南京模拟)They moved here in 2012.Until then they ________ in the London area.
A.lived B.have lived
C.were living D.had lived
D 解析:考查动词的时态。根据第一句的时间状语“in 2012”和第二句中的“Until then”可知,live表示的动作发生在moved这个过去的动作之前,即表示“过去的过去”,要用过去完成时。
37.—Why,Jack,you look so tired!
—Well,I ________ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A.was painting B.will be painting
C.have painted D.have been painting
D 解析:考查动词的时态。答话人叙述的是现在的事实,再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子,而且还要持续下去,所以用现在完成进行时。
38.I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.
A.taught B.have taught
C.are taught D.have been taught
D 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据前一分句的时态以及后一分句中many times可知此处用现在完成时;又因为动词teach与主语they之间为动宾关系,故用被动语态。
39.—Do you think he can get the first prize for jumping?
—Impossible now.He ________ to do so,but he has just hurt his leg.
A.would expect B.was expected
C.has expected D.is expected
B 解析:句意:——你认为他能在跳远中得第一名吗?——现在不可能了。预计他会(得第一名)的,但是他刚刚伤了腿。由语境可知,预计他会得第一,是发生在过去的事,故用一般过去时。
40.To be honest, this is the second time that I ________ to London with the professor this year.
A.have been invited B.am invited
C.was invited D.had been invited
A 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:老实说,这是我今年第二次被邀请和教授一起去伦敦。本题考查的是时态在it/this is/was the first/second...time that句型中的运用,当be动词是is时,从句应用现在完成时;当be动词为was时,从句用过去完成时。故本题选A项。
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