2020版新高考一轮复习英语新课改·外研版讲义：必修一Module5ALessoninaLab

Module 5   A Lesson in a Lab 一、课前基础自查 (一)分类记单词——省时高效Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)1．liquid n．　液体2．contract vi.  收缩3．substance n.  物质4．oxygen n.  氧气5．rust vi.  生锈6．partial adj.  部分的；局部的7．steam n.  蒸汽；水汽8．flame n.  火焰9．dissolve vi.  溶解；分解；分离Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)1．float vi.　　　漂浮2．boil vt.  煮；煮沸3．facility n.  (常作复数)设备；工具4．department n.  (大学的)科、系5._aim n.  目标；目的6．ordinary adj.  普通的；平常的7．stage n.  阶段；时期8．form vi.  形成9．lecture n.  演讲 Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)1．expand vi.膨胀；扩展；发展→expansion n．膨胀；扩大2．mixture n．混合物→mix v．(使)混合3．electricity n．电→electric adj.电的；用电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的；电气化的→electronic adj.电子的4．conclusion n．结论→conclude vt.得出结论；使结束5．react vi.(化学)反应→reaction n．反应6．equipment n．设备；装备→equip vt.装备；配备7．balance n．天平；平衡→balanced adj.平衡的8．astonished adj.吃惊的；惊愕的→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的→astonish vt.使吃惊→astonishment n．惊奇[语境活用]1．The city has been expanding rapidly, whose expansion has brought damage to the natural surroundings.(expand)2．Our chemistry teacher mixed some chemicals into the water and the mixture tasted very terrible.(mix)3．The school has been rebuilt and it is well equipped.Much money has been spent on the office equipment.(equip)4．To our astonishment,_ the famous star died.That's to say, we were astonished at the news of her sudden death, and it was really astonishing.(astonish)5．I wanted to know how the students reacted to my words as well as your reaction.(react)  (二)练中记短语——记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.put_...in_order　　　把……按顺序排列；使……有条理2．used_to  过去(常常)……3．be_proud_of  为……感到骄傲/自豪4．at_the_top/bottom  在……的顶/底部5．be_supposed_to  应当；理应6．find_out  发现；查清7．react_with  与……起(化学)反应8．go_ahead  请做吧；请用吧；开始做某事9．in_the_area_of  在……领域10．add_..._to_...  往……加入……11．keep_..._out_of  使不进入；避开(某事)1.Anyone who wants to take part in the voluntary activity can add his or her name to the list.2．I_used_to play with Jack on his family farm where there is a museum now.3．Believe it or not, although he is young, he is an expert_in_the_area_of medical science.4．His parents are_proud_of his achievements which he has made in the field of chemistry.5．Every student is_supposed_to follow the school regulations.6．Go_ahead and do what you like.  (三)仿写明句式——以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.The earth is forty­nine times larger than the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。“倍数＋比较级＋than”为倍数表达法之一。长江几乎是珠江的两倍长。The Yangtze River is almost_twice_longer_than the Pearl River.2. It is hard to think of a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。It is＋adj.＋to do ...如果你不确定做什么，明智的做法是记住这个谚语：“入乡随俗。”If you are unsure what to do, it_is_wise_to_remember the saying, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”3.Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top, and the metals that react least at the bottom.下面是一个表格，列于顶部的金属反应最强烈，底部的则最弱。here引导句子置于句首且主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装。(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)下面是我的建议。我希望它们将会对你有帮助。Here_are_my_suggestions. I hope they would be helpful to you.4.The closer you are, the more you'll see.你离得越近，看到的就越多。“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。你越仔细，出现的错误就越少。The_more_careful you are, the_fewer_mistakes you'll make. 二、课堂重点深化1．conclusion n．结论；结束　[自主体验]单句语法填空①From these facts we can draw some conclusions (conclude) about how the pyramids were built.②The famous singer concluded his vocal concert with his most popular song.③He_concluded (conclude) from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.　[系统归纳](1)draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion  得出结论make a conclusion　　　　　　   下结论in conclusion    总之；最后(2)conclude v.   得出结论；总结；结束to conclude   最后；总之conclude ... with ...    以……结束……conclude that ...    结论是……　[重点强化]佳句时时写(一句多译)总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。④In_conclusion,_ walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.(conclusion)⑤To_conclude,_ walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.(conclude)表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。  2．aim n．目标；目的(可数名词)；瞄准，对准(不可数名词)v.瞄准，对准；目标在于；以……为目标　[自主体验]单句语法填空①Aimed (aim) at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking, this activity is very popular.②In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming to_introduce (introduce) American customs and the life of high school students.③I am here with the aim of doing as well as possible.　[系统归纳](1)take aim at ...　　　　　 向……瞄准；对准with the aim of ...   目的是……；以……为目标(2)aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth. 瞄准；旨在(做)某事aim to do sth.   目标是做某事(3)aimless adj.   无目标的aimlessly adv.   漫无目的地　[重点强化]佳句时时写(句式升级)④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team of our school which is aimed at developing our interests and improving our skills.(用过去分词短语作后置定语改写)→I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team of our school aimed_at_developing_our_interests and improving our skills.3．balance n．天平；平衡；剩余；余额；余款v.(使)平衡；权衡　[自主体验]单句语法填空①It is said that some will get fat if they don't have breakfast, because the diet is not balanced (balance)．②You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.　[系统归纳](1)the balance of nature　　　　 自然平衡keep/lose/break the balance   保持/失去/打破平衡on balance   总的来说(2)balance ... against ...   把……与……进行权衡balance ... with ...   对……与……同等重视(3)balanced adj.   平衡的；均衡的keep a balanced diet   保持均衡的饮食　[重点强化]佳句时时写③如果我们想保持自然平衡，最重要的事情是同等重视经济发展与环境保护。If we want to keep_the_balance_of_nature,_ the most important thing is to balance_the development of_economy_with the protection of environment.僻义牢牢记④I must check my bank balance before I decide to buy the car.余额1．used to过去(常常)……　[自主体验]单句语法填空①He used to_stay (stay) up late, but now he is used to going (go) to bed early.②The following simple experiment is used to_separate (separate) different liquids.　[系统归纳]there used to be ...　　　　　　　 过去常常有……be/get used to (doing) sth.   习惯(做)某事be used to do sth.   被用来做某事　[重点强化]佳句时时写③就我个人而言，我过去尝试过有效的方法来实现我的学业目标。Personally, I_used_to_try_effective_methods_to_achieve my academic goals.2．be supposed to应当；理应　[自主体验]单句语法填空①Drivers are_supposed (suppose) to obey the traffic rules when driving cars.一句多译你本应该昨天就把作业交上的。②You were_supposed_to_have_handed_in your homework yesterday.(be supposed to)③You should_have_handed_in your homework yesterday.(should)④You ought_to_have_handed_in your homework yesterday.(ought to)　[系统归纳](1)be supposed to do sth.　　　 应该/理应做某事be supposed to be doing sth.   应该/理应正在做某事be supposed to have done sth. 本应该做了某事(实际未做)(2)supposing/suppose (that)   假定/假如……(3)I suppose so/not   我认为是/不是这样　[重点强化]佳句时时写⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)电影结束后，每个班都应该进行讨论，欢迎所有的学生发表评论，表达自己对这部电影的看法。After the film, each class is_supposed_to_have_a_discussion_and all the students are welcome to make comments and express their views about the film.3．add ... to ...往……加入……　[自主体验]单句语法填空①Please add all the figures up,_ and you will get the total.②As is known to all, good friends add happiness and value to life.③Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.　[系统归纳](1)add to　　　　 　 增加；增添(多用于抽象意义)add up   把……加起来；合计add up to   加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)add (that) ...   补充说……(2)addition n.   加；(数)加法；增加in addition   另外in addition to   除……之外又　[重点强化]佳句时时写④除了为了知识而读书外，我们读书也为了乐趣和灵感。In_addition_to_reading_for_knowledge,_we read for fun and inspiration.4．It is＋adj.＋to do ...　[教材原句]　It_is_hard_to_think of a world without metals.　[自主体验]①It_is_impossible_for_this_country_to_recover in a short time over this financial crisis.经历了这次经济危机，这个国家在短期内恢复是不可能的。②It's kind of_you_to_help me set up my own company.你帮我成立了自己的公司，真是太好了。③It_is_a_shame_that he didn't pass the exam.真遗憾他没有通过考试。④It's no use arguing (argue) with her — she won't listen.　[归纳点拨]用法规则(1)It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点，常见的有easy, important, difficult, impossible, necessary等。(2)It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格等，常见的有kind, nice, good, stupid, silly, careful, careless等。(3)It is ＋adj./n.＋that/to do ...(4)It is no good/use doing sth.“做某事没有好处/用”注意事项在这些句型结构中，it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语或that从句作真正的主语。 　[佳句背诵]①(精彩开头句)It's really a pity to miss such a good chance.②(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) Of course, I guess it is not so easy for you to learn how to make paper­cutting.5．the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...　[教材原句]　The_closer you are, the_more you'll see.　[自主体验]①The_more_we_know_each_other,_the better we understand each other.我们相互了解的越多，我们就彼此理解越好。②The harder you work, the_greater_progress_you_will_make.你工作越努力，进步就越大。　[归纳点拨]用法规则“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构的具体用法如下：(1)意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示后面一方随前面一方程度的变化而变化。(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(通常用一般现在时或一般过去时；表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句(通常使用一般将来时或过去将来时，有时也可用一般现在时或一般过去时)。注意事项本结构可以用省略形式。 　[佳句背诵]①(增分要点句)Clever men know that the more efforts they make, the bigger chance they will have to be successful.②(增分要点句)The more learned a man is, the more modest he is. 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“教学活动与实验”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点话题词汇记一记子话题(一)　实验研究温故浅易词汇①laboratory　　②experiment　③research④liquid  ⑤substance  ⑥form ⑦equip  ⑧aim  ⑨heat识记生疏词汇①analyze vt.分析　　②observe v．观察③measure v．测量；估量  ④summarize v．概括；总结⑤acquire/gain vt.获得  ⑥dissolve vi.溶解；分解；分离⑦solid n．固体  ⑧inertia n．惯性 子话题(二)　学习过程温故浅易词汇①review　②preparation　③explore ④practice  ⑤explanation  ⑥explain识记生疏词汇①debate v．争论；辩论　②determination n．决心③assess vt.评定；评价  ④argue v．争论；辩论⑤memorize v．记住  ⑥preview vt.预习子话题(三)　学习效果温故浅易词汇①expand　②effect     ③mark  ④degree识记生疏词汇①assignment n．分配；功课　②reward vt.奖励  ③scholarship n．奖学金  ④astonished adj.吃惊的 常用词块忆一忆①chemical change　 化学变化②physical change   物理变化③take an exam   参加考试④cheat in the exam   考试作弊⑤get full marks/scores   得满分⑥make it   获得成功⑦pay off   取得成功；得到回报⑧go over   复习⑨turn in   上交⑩live up to one's expectations   达到某人的期望 ⑪make sure   确保⑫used to   过去(常常)……⑬sign up for   报名参加⑭with the help of   在……的帮助下⑮be/get involved in   参与⑯make a speech   作报告⑰realize one's dream   实现梦想⑱achieve success   获得成功写作佳句背一背①It is for these reasons that I firmly believe that this rule will promote the learning atmosphere and our teamwork spirit.②Firstly, as a student, the most important thing is to study, so it is necessary for all of you to build an effective method in your study.　二、“分步写作”表达准一点 读后续写情节发展合理化 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had admired a beautiful sports_car in a dealer's showroom, and knowing his_father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.As Graduation Day approached, the young man awaited signs that his father had purchased the car. Finally, on the morning of his_graduation,_his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful wrapped gift box. Curious, but somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather­bound Bible, with the young man's name embossed in gold.Angrily, he raised his voice to his father and said, “With all your money you give me a Bible？” He then stormed out of the house, leaving the_Bible.Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family, but realizing his father was very old, he thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make the arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.When he arrived at his father's house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his father's important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages.　     Paragraph 2：How many times do we miss blessings because they are not packaged as we expected？　      [写作步骤]第一步：速读全文文本大意：本文讲述了一个儿子误会父亲吝啬的故事。儿子想要一辆跑车，他爸爸答应了他却给了他一本圣经，他很生气离家出走了。许多年后他事业发展得很成功，当他想回家看望父亲时，却接到了一个电报，说他爸爸去世了。他回去料理后事的时候，在那本圣经里发现了一把车钥匙，他顿然大悟。叙述意图：故事告诉我们做任何事情都不要冲动，也许情况不是我们想象的那样。第二步：细读全文1．所给短文情景模式分析。whoa young man, his fatherwhatA young man wanted his father to buy him a beautiful sports car. But his father gave him a Bible, which made him very angry.whenas Graduation Day approached, on the morning of his graduation, many years passed, when he arrived at his father's housewherehis private study, at his father's housewhyThe young man thought that his father didn't want to buy him the car. 2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。★人物：his father★事件：sports car, dealer's, his graduation, possessions, the Bible★动作与心理描写：afford, love, realize, regret第三步：精心谋篇1．Paragraph 1：With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. 他眼泪汪汪地打开圣经，开始翻动书页。[情节分析]　第一段可以从这些角度展开：儿子翻开圣经会有什么发现呢？对于新发现儿子会有什么感受呢？沿着以上思路我们可以展开联想：当他翻读圣经时，车钥匙滑落；发现钥匙附带的标签上的汽车经销商的名字、他的毕业日期和附言“已全额付款”；后悔当初没意识到包装起来的父爱。2．Paragraph 2：How many times do we miss blessings because they are not packaged as we expected?多少次我们与祝福擦肩而过，仅仅因为他们没有按我们想象中的样子包装好？[情节分析]　第二段可以从作者经历的故事所引发的道理这个角度展开。沿着以上思路我们可以展开联想：不要等到意识到自己做错了才后悔；不要因为期望得到你没有的而毁了你所拥有的；要记住你现在所拥有的就在你曾经渴望得到的东西当中；有时候，我们意识不到我们拥有的好运或者是本可能拥有的，这是因为我们所期待的“包装”不同；也许表面上的霉运实际上会是等着你去打开的一扇门。第四步：初写成文Paragraph 1：1．当他翻读时，一把车钥匙从圣经的后面滑落。As he was reading, a car key dropped_from the back of the Bible.2．钥匙上有一个附带着汽车经销商的名字的标签，就是销售他曾渴望得到的跑车的同一个经销商。The key had a tag with the_dealer's_name,_the same dealer who sold_the_sports_car_he_had_desired.3．标签上有他的毕业日期和附言“已全额付款”。There was the_date_of_his_graduation on the tag, and the attached words “PAID IN FULL”．4．一位父亲给了他儿子伟大的爱，但是当他感到那种被包装起来的父爱时为时已晚。A father gave great love to his son, but it_was_too_late_for_him_to_feel that packaged love from his father.Paragraph 2：5．不要等到意识到自己做错了才后悔。Do_not_regret_until_you_realize what you did is wrong.6．不要因为期望得到你没有的而毁了你所拥有的。Do not spoil what_you_have by hoping what you don't have.7．要记住你现在所拥有的就在你曾经渴望得到的东西当中。Remember that what_you_now_have was once among the things you only hoped for.8．有时候，我们意识不到我们拥有的好运或者是本可能拥有的，这是因为我们所期待的“包装”不同。Sometimes we don't_realize_the_good_fortune we have or we could have because we expect “the packaging” to be different.9．也许表面上的霉运实际上会是等着你去打开的一扇门。What may appear as bad fortune may in_fact_be_the_door_that_is_just_waiting_to_be_opened.第五步：润色升级1．把要点3改为倒装句。On_the_tag_were_the_date_of_his_graduation and the attached words “PAID IN FULL”．2．把要点4中的前半句改为感叹句。How_great_the_love_a_father_gave_to_his_son_was! But it was too late for him to feel that packaged love from his father.3．把要点6中的hoping改为高级词汇。hoping→desiring第六步：复查定稿Paragraph 1：With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. As he was reading, a car key dropped from the back of the_Bible. It had a tag with the dealer's name, the same dealer who sold the sports_car he had desired. On the tag were the date of his_graduation and the attached words “PAID IN FULL”. How great the love a father gave to his son was! But it was too late for him to feel that packaged love from his_father. Paragraph 2：How many times do we miss blessings because they are not packaged as we expected? Do not regret until you realize what you did is wrong. Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you don't have, but remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for. Sometimes we don't realize the good fortune we have or we could have because we expect “the packaging” to be different. What may appear as bad fortune may in fact be the door that is just waiting to be opened. Ⅰ.单词拼写1．My brother graduated from the English department (科，系) of a key university five years ago.2．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the importance of a balanced (均衡的) diet to their health.3．Her mother told her that it was an important stage (阶段) where she must make a decision by herself.4．John has only one_aim (目标) in life — to become rich, but he does nothing every day.5．We all think that the report about the accident in newspaper is partial (部分的)．6．The TV play series which is about_ordinary (普通的) people has been popular recently.7．A great idea began to form (形成) in his mind when the problem came up at the meeting.8．With much rubbish floating (漂浮) on the river, I appeal to everyone to protect our environment.Ⅱ.语境语法填空1．I like listening to music in my spare time, because it can add a lot of liveliness to my school life, which in turn benefits my study.In ❶conclusion (conclude)，it's very important ❷_to_keep (keep) a balance between study and relaxation.2．The experiment is easy.Here ❶are (be) the steps of it.Firstly, put a piece of copper ❷at the bottom of the tube.Secondly, add some ❸_mixture_ (mix) of water and salt ❹to the tube.Leave it for two days to find out if an oxide can be produced.3．You were supposed ❶_to_have_contacted (contact) the teacher who was professional in ❷_the area of computer science two days ago, but you forgot.Please go ❸ahead_at once.4．After a lesson in a lab, where he observed the ❶reaction (react) of substances, he changed a lot.Now he aims ❷_to_be (be) a chemist.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1．中国欢迎以物质和现金形式的外国援助。(form)China welcomed foreign aid in_the_form_of material and cash.2．我相信这次旅行会大大加深我们的知识。(add)The trip, I believe, will_add_greatly_to_our_knowledge.3．问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。(the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...)The_more_difficult the questions are, the_less_likely he is able to answer them.4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)你通晓中国文化是必要的。(it be＋adj.＋to do ...)It's_necessary_for_you_to_have_a_good_knowledge_of Chinese culture.5．这是你今天早上要的文件。(here引起的完全倒装句)Here_is_the_document you asked for this morning.Ⅳ.短文填空(Ⅰ)根据提示填空There are two kinds of ❶_changes (change) — chemical change and physical change.In a chemical change, there is always a new substance ❷formed (form)．❸Breaking_up_ (分解) water into hydrogen and oxygen is a chemical change.In each of the chemical change ❹at_least (至少) one new substance is formed.A change is not a chemical change if it doesn't form a new substance.Physical changes are very common, too.There are many examples.You can make a physical change by ❺tearing_a_piece_of_paper_into_two (把一张纸撕成两半), or by ❻cutting (cut) a piece of iron with a lathe (车床)．Here the paper is still paper, and the iron is still iron.Another way of making physical change is dissolving something in water.When you dissolve salt in water, the salt disappears.You may think that a new substance ❼has_been_formed (form)．But ❽in_fact/as_a_matter_of_fact/actually (事实上) there is no new substance.The salt is still salt.You can still taste it.So the dissolving of anything is a physical change.When water ❾freezes (结冰), the change is also a physical one.The water ❿changes_from_liquid_to_solid (从液体变成固体)．But it is still the same substance.That is why the freezing of anything is a physical change.(Ⅱ)片段选词填空one by one， make sure， hang off， shoot out， be able to， set up， fall down， so that Coin ShootYou'll need some coins, at least eleven, and a smooth table. Stack (堆叠) all but one of the coins on the smooth table, ❶making_sure that the “high rise” is straight.Coins with wide edges make this experiment easy to do.Flick (弹) the extra coin quickly towards the bottom of the stack ❷so_that it hits the bottom coin.The bottom coin from the stack should ❸shoot_out from under the other coins without changing the rest of the stack.With good aim and quick flicks of your finger, you should ❹be_able_to_shoot all of the coins out of the stack ❺one_by_one.Because the inertia of the stack of coins is so great, the force from the flicked coin is not enough to make the entire stack move or ❻fall_down.The Pencil StandingPlace a narrow piece of paper on a smooth table.Hold the paper so that most of it ❼hangs_off the table.Place a pencil on the paper so that it is standing straight.Now, slowly try to pull the paper out from under the pencil.What happens? ❽Set_up the paper and pencil again, and give the paper a fast pull.What happens to the pencil this time? 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming (form)a unique view.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment_ (equip) with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.3．(2017·北京高考)Jane moved _aimlessly (aim) down the tree­lined street, not knowing where she was heading.4．(2015·天津高考) What matters are not the great moments, but the partial (part) victories, the waiting, and even the defeats.5．(2011·福建高考)For five days, Edmonton's Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves.Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空(选用ordinary, reaction, balance, conclusion填空)1．(2016·6月浙江高考完形填空)I made friends with the natives, and their __32__ amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists.reaction2．(2014·天津高考完形填空)It was then that I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on __26__ family and work.balancing3．(2012·辽宁高考完形填空)Inky was a gentle cat, sharing the house with five other cats.But on a January night in 2009, Inky did something that would set her apart from __42__ cats forever.ordinary4．(2009·天津高考完形填空)Perhaps he had mistaken me for someone else.By the time I contented myself with the__21__that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends.conclusion二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角：高考强调学科核心素养的渗透，关注学生自主学习能力的提升和思维发展。教学离不开实践，我们在向书本学习的同时，应该向实践学习，因为实践出真知。此类话题会逐渐成为高考的命题热点，以提高学生的实践能力。[话题感悟]学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)[1]It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to explain about his efforts to give his students a better future.[2]Mr Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not about books and tests and rote memorization，but something practical.As Koziatek knows，there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a desk.They can also learn geometry by putting together a bicycle.[3]But he's also found a kind of prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority (低等)．Schools in the family of vocational (职业的) education “have that opinion ... that it's for kids who can't make it academically，” he says.[4]On one hand，that_viewpoint is a logical product of America's evolution.Manufacturing (制造业) is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely disappeared.More education is the new way.We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.[5]But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all — and the devaluing of anything less — misses an important point：That's not the only thing the American economy needs.[6]Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors.But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle­skill jobs, such as construction and high­skill manufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.There is a gap in working­class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them.Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology(High School) is trying to fill that gap.[7]Koziatek's school is a wake­up call.When education becomes one­size­fits­all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现今高学历已成为职场的主流要求，但高技术型人才同样紧缺， Mr Koziatek所在的学校正是为了填补此空缺。学校提倡学生在实践中学习，从而提高学生的动手能力。1．What's the characteristic of Mr Koziatek's school?A．Paying attention to practical learning.B．Letting students do many tests.C．Encouraging students to read books.D．Forcing students to learn by rote.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He is a teacher ... but something practical.”可知，Mr Koziatek所在的学校是一所注重实践性的学校，而不是一所靠让学生死记硬背来学习的学校。2．What does the underlined phrase“that viewpoint”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A．Vocational education is for academically challenged students.B．Vocational education is undoubtedly a good choice.C．Not all students can be admitted to college.D．Not all students can do physical work.解析：选A　词义猜测题。此处that viewpoint指代第三段中所描述的一种目前普遍存在的观点，即：“Working with your hands ... that it's for kids who can't make it academically”。3．How are people reacting to the disappearance of manufacturing?A．They lower their expectations.B．They try to improve their skills.C．They turn to the government.D．They continue their education.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“More education is the new way.”和第五段中的“But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all”可知，制造业的不景气导致高中生们盲目地追求更高的学历。4．What does the author think of the school's goal?A．It needs lots of effort.　　 B．It is worth achieving.C．It is unpractical. D．It is adventurous.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Mr Koziatek is part of something pioneering”，第六段中的“Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology (High School) is trying to fill that gap.”以及最后一段可判断，作者一直是用肯定的语气来描述这所学校的行为，作者对该校的教学方式是赞同的，由此可推知作者认为该校的目标在当前的形势下是值得去努力实现的。学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透词义猜测技法(1)——利用语境推断法猜测词义词义理解是阅读理解能力的重要指标，词义理解正确与否往往会影响到对全文的准确把握程度。鉴于这类题型往往只要求考生对短文中的某个生词、熟词(熟词新义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的含义，或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义，因此在具体阅读过程中，对于不妨碍全文理解和出现频率较低的词汇，可以跳过去，以免影响速度，做题时只需查找该词的语境，联系上下文理解即可。例如上文的第2题，“that viewpoint”在第4段的首句，我们需要去上文中寻找答案，利用就近指代的原则，可知“that viewpoint” 指代第三段中所描述的一种目前普遍存在的观点，即：Working with your hands ... who can't make it academically。Ⅰ.阅读理解The recession (经济衰退) has brought about an abrupt change of mood (情绪) in universities up and down the country.A five­year boom in the graduate job market has been stopped in its tracks and salary expectations, which hit record levels last year, are heading southwards.No wonder only one in five of 16,000 final­year students questioned for a recent survey by High Flyers Research said that they expected to get a job for which they are qualified by the time they graduate this summer.Despite this，the financial case for going to university remains strong.International surveys continue to show the salary premium (工资资金) enjoyed by UK graduates over those who choose not to go to university as among the highest in the world.In the post­recession world, a university degree is likely to be even more of an advantage to job­seekers than before.But choosing the right degree course and the right university will also be more important than ever.This does not necessarily mean that students should go only for job­related degrees, but it will put a premium on marketable skills.And it may mean that more universities can be expected to follow the lead of Liverpool John Moores University, which puts all of its undergraduates through a World of Work (WoW) course designed to give them the problem­solving and communication skills they will need at work.The Times Good University Guide 2010，published by HarperCollins, offers a wealth of essential information to help candidates choose the right university.It is the most authoritative guide to universities in the UK and is an essential and comprehensive tool for students and parents.The online version of the Guide allows students and parents to create their own university rankings by sorting universities according to one of eight criteria — from student satisfaction to research quality.The table sees Oxford keep its leadership, despite coming below Cambridge in most of the subject tables.Cambridge has the better record on student satisfaction, research, entry standards and graduate destinations，but Oxford's lead in staffing levels, degree classifications and particularly in spending on libraries and other student services makes the difference.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述经济衰退导致英国毕业生就业困难，尽管如此，高学历依然是就业的一大优势。1．What did the survey by High Flyers Research show?A．UK graduates had to lower their salary expectations.B．UK university students had lost confidence in job hunting.C．Universities in South UK had been worst hit by the recession.D．Graduates were faced with overqualification in the job market.解析：选B　细节理解题。由第一段中High Flyers Research的调查显示，只有1/5的即将毕业的学生认为一毕业就能找到合适的工作。由此可知大部分学生在找工作过程中失去了信心。2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A．Most UK job­hunters have a university degree.B．University degrees help people earn more money.C．Going to university is costing more and more money.D．More and more students are choosing not to go to university.解析：选B　推理判断题。由第二段中的“the salary premium enjoyed ...the highest in the world”可知，在英国，大学毕业生与没上过大学的人的工资差距居全球最高。由此可推断，大学学历有助于人们得到更高的薪水。3．What does the WoW course teach?A．Job­related skills.B．Marketing knowledge.C．How to choose the right university.D．How to choose the right degree course.解析： 选A　细节理解题。由第三段末的“designed to give them  ...they will need at work”可知，该课程教授与工作相关的重要技能。4．In which aspect is Oxford better than Cambridge?A．Staff training.B．Research quality.C．Student satisfaction.D．Equipment available.解析：选D　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Oxford's lead in ...makes the difference.”可知，牛津大学在学校设施配备方面领先于剑桥大学。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Having a positive attitude is key to living a happy life.Below are five things you can do to stay positive.Start your day in a positive way.__1___ If you start your day by thinking about the future troubles, the negative thoughts will accumulate quickly.If you start your day by having a pleasant conversation with your family or friend, that can make a big difference to how your whole day will go.Live in a positive environment.Who you choose to spend your time with and the input you get from the TV, the Internet and magazines affect your outlook (人生观) a lot.__2__Go slowly.I have found that when I go too fast, things don't go too well.__3__ But if I slow down just for a few minutes, my mind and body will calm down greatly.Learn to take criticism in a healthy way.One of the most common fears is the fear of criticism.__4__ The  key is learning to handle it in a healthier way.By doing so, your fear will decrease and it will hurt less if you do get criticized.__5__ What you send out matters a whole lot.What you give others and how you treat them are what you'll  get back.And the way you treat others and how you think of them also tend to affect how you treat and think about yourself.So share your value and spread the positivity.A．Slow down your steps.B．Then stress can build up.C．That will support you in going further.D．Add value and positivity to others' life.E．Be careful about how you spend your mornings.F．So carefully consider what you let into your mind.G．It can hold people back from doing what they want in life.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了保持积极心态的几个方法。1．选E　此空设于段中，承接下文。根据下文的“If you start your day by thinking about the future troubles”以及“If you start your day by having a pleasant conversation with your family or friend”可知，这里主要说明要特别注意如何度过每天早上。2．选F　此空设于段尾，是一个总结句，具有总结上文内容的作用。本段主要告诉我们：要活在积极向上的环境中。选择和谁待在一起以及从电视、网上和杂志上吸取的东西都会影响你的人生观，所以要特别注意大脑吸取的信息。3．选B　此空设于段中，与上文为因果关系。根据上文的“I have found that when I go too fast, things don't go too well.”可知，我发现生活节奏过快的时候，效果往往不好，于是压力也就随之而来。4．选G　此空设于段中，与上文之间存在逻辑上的指代关系。该句中提到的it指代的就是上文中提到的“the fear of criticism”。5．选D　此空设于段首，是本段主题句。根据下文的内容，可知本段主要说明要用积极心态和价值观去影响他人的生活。Ⅲ.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。China's bike­sharing has exploded from nothing about a year ago into a transport phenomenon in major cities. Just by scanning the QR code (二维码) that appears behind the seat, one can unlock a shared bicycle. Once the service has finished, the user locks the bike and the total is charged on his mobile account. The process lasts less than 30 seconds and costs little. However, there are still no fixed places to find or leave a bike, although areas such as university campus, and metro or bus stations are preferred.Many young people believe shared bicycles have many advantages. They are not expensive to rent, they do not have to be protected from thieves, and there is no need to repair them. You just have to change them for another one. They are also environment­friendly and lower the use of cars, which also helps to relieve traffic. In fact, it is considered an awesome combination of technology and tradition.Since they appeared, shared bicycles have raised a lot of negative effects. There is no doubt of the benefits but the disadvantages cannot be ignored. Many problems related to shared bicycles have emerged. It is due to bad behavior from some users who always want to seize the bicycles, but also because of the mess that has been created since one can leave the bicycle anywhere, which is against urban public order management. There are so many poorly parked bikes that sometimes they end up blocking streets.In Xi Luoyuan, Beijing, the “Civilized Use of Bicycles” campaign has been launched. In addition to having 40 officially permitted stops, there are also clear signals to lead users to these stops. A team of supervisors keep order in the area. This is the first area that is part of an official system to manage bicycles. The purpose of this campaign is to solve the mess that the popularity of shared bicycles is causing in Beijing, both with the participation of companies and the users. If the pilot plan works out well in Xi Luoyuan, it will be extended to all of the cities in China.参考范文：China's shared bicycles are gaining popularity with the public as a cheap and convenient transport option. (要点1) Shared bikes are environment­friendly and can help to relieve traffic and reduce pollution. (要点2) However, the bad behavior of some users and the mess they cause also lead to some problems. (要点3) Beijing has launched a campaign to regulate bike­parking, which will hopefully set a good example to the rest of China.(要点4)