2021版新高考地区选考化学（人教版）一轮复习教师用书：本章必刷题——重要有机物间转化关系排查落实

本章必刷题——重要有机物间转化关系排查落实一、重要有机物间的转化关系二、重要有机反应排查落实1．脱水反应脱水①浓硫酸加热生成烯烃________________________________________________________________________；②浓硫酸加热生成醚________________________________________________________________________。(2)乙二酸与乙二醇酯化脱水①生成链状酯________________________________________________________________________；②生成环状酯________________________________________________________________________；③生成聚酯________________________________________________________________________。(3)6­羟基己酸一定条件下发生缩聚反应生成聚酯________________________________________________________________________。________________________________________________________________________。分子间脱水①生成环状酯________________________________________________________________________；②生成聚酯________________________________________________________________________。答案：2．水解反应(1)淀粉水解生成葡萄糖________________________________________________________________________。(2)酯在碱性条件下的水解(以乙酸乙酯在NaOH溶液中的反应为例)________________________________________________________________________。(3) 和NaOH溶液共热________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)(C6H10O5)n＋nH2OnC6H12O6　　　 淀粉　　　　　 　　 　　　葡萄糖(2)CH3COOC2H5＋NaOHCH3COONa＋C2H5OH3．卤代烃的化学性质(1)CH3—CH2—CH2—Br①NaOH的水溶液，加热________________________________________________________________________；②NaOH的醇溶液，加热________________________________________________________________________。________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)①CH3—CH2—CH2—Br＋NaOHCH3—CH2—CH2—OH＋NaBr②CH3—CH2—CH2—Br＋NaOHCH3—CH===CH2↑＋NaBr＋H2O4．醇、酚、醛、酮、羧酸、酯的化学性质(1)CH3CH2OH―→CH2===CH2________________________________________________________________________。(2)CH3CH2OH―→CH3CHO________________________________________________________________________。(3)CH3CH2OH和CH3COOH生成乙酸乙酯________________________________________________________________________。(4)OHC—CHO―→HOOC—COOH________________________________________________________________________。(5) 和饱和溴水的反应________________________________________________________________________。(6)向溶液中通入CO2气体________________________________________________________________________。(7)乙醛和银氨溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________。(8)乙醛和新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液的反应________________________________________________________________________。(9) 与足量NaOH溶液反应________________________________________________________________________。(10) 与足量H2反应________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)CH3CH2OHCH2===CH2↑＋H2O(2)2CH3CH2OH＋O22CH3CHO＋2H2O(3)CH3CH2OH＋CH3COOHCH3COOC2H5＋H2O(4)OHC—CHO＋O2HOOC—COOH(7)CH3CHO＋2Ag(NH3)2OHCH3COONH4＋2Ag↓＋3NH3＋H2O(8)CH3CHO＋2Cu(OH)2＋NaOHCH3COONa＋Cu2O↓＋3H2O