2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第二部分专题十　一、主谓一致

专题十　主谓一致和特殊句式一、主谓一致[全国卷考情分析]题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ) When fat and salt are_removed(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.2．(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)I was_allowed(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600­acre centre. 【导学号：65670195】近几年高考对主谓一致的考查主要在语法一致和意义一致，就近一致相对来说考查较少，并且高考常常将主谓一致与动词的时态语态结合起来进行综合考查。短文改错1.(2016年浙江高考)He would ask who we was→were and pretend not to know us.2．(2014年全国卷Ⅱ)My dream school look→looks like a big garden.3．(陕西高考)Finally，there were→was a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.1.名词或代词作主语时主谓一致错误；2．非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误；3．倒装句的主谓一致错误；4．“就近”与“就远”原则的错用。 (对应学生用书第272页) 语法一致 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2015年湖南高考)It is important to remember that success is(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take) years to achieve.2．What they need most is(be) money while what we need most are(be) textbooks.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年福建冲刺卷)Newspapers，as well as magazines，plays an important role in daily communication.plays→play 【导学号：65670196】[再解读要点]1．不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport，but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。What he has said leaves much for us to think about.他说的话发人深省。2．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。3．如果主语后面带有as well as，with，along with，together with，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，in common with等加其他名词时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。(2017年辽宁沈阳模拟)Modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers was sent to the village school last week.上周现代化的教学设备和几百台电脑被送到了那所乡村学校。 意义一致 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations，which was(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.2．The majority of visitors were(be) in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was(be) simply surprising.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年陕西西安二模)The earth looks like a big blue ball，which is because two thirds of the earth's surface are made up of vast oceans.are→is[再解读要点]1．“分数/百分数/a lot of/plenty of/ the rest of/the majority of/half of/most of/some of ...＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词由短语中的名词来确定。The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。易错警示quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。2．“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。The young，on the one hand，often think of the old conservative.On the other hand，the old always consider the young inexperienced.一方面，年轻人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为年轻人缺乏经验。3．people，police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；family，team，class，audience等作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指组成集体的成员，则用复数形式。The family as well as their dog were trapped on the roof by the flood yesterday.昨天那家人还有他们的狗都被洪水困在屋顶。4．“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。(2017年吉林模拟)The number of people invited was fifty，but a few of them were absent for different reasons.受到邀请的总共有50人，但其中有一些人因为各种原因而缺席。 就近一致 [先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．There is(be) a dog and three ducks in the yard，in the middle of which are(be) two tall trees with great shade.2．Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary are(be) planning to go，because they have never been there before.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年聊城二模)Between the two rows of trees stand the teaching building.stand→stands[再解读要点]1．由or，nor，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数常和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(2017年贵州遵义二模)Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes great interest in the piano lessons.不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹——玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。2．在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。3．there be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词时，be的形式与最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in my new office.在我的新办公室里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 [技法点拨]主谓一致与语法填空主谓一致与短文改错1.根据句中的主语，判断谓语动词形式；2．根据主谓一致的三个原则确定谓语动词的形式。近年来高考对主谓一致在语法填空中的考查主要集中在与动词时态语态结合起来考查。1.看主语为第一、二人称还是第三人称，确定谓语动词形式是否正确；2．看到主语为动名词短语、不定式或从句，确定谓语动词应为第三人称单数的形式是否正确；3．看到either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接并列主语时，确定谓语动词是不是采取了就近原则。