2021届高考英语一轮复习一遍过：考点03主谓一致 学案
展开考点03 主谓一致
【命题解读】
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致三个方面上。
【命题预测】
主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计2020年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。
【复习建议】
1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；
2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；
3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则 | 考点详解 | 例句 |
语法一致 | 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 | His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all. The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. |
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 | Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. | |
3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 | Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She，like you and Tom，is very tall. | |
4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。 | Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. | |
5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 | He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. |
一致原则 | 考点详解 | 例句 |
语法一致 | 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。 这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 | Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. |
7. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 | There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注：a number of 与the number of的区别 | |
8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 | There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. | |
逻辑一致 | 1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。 | Which is your bag？Which are your bags？ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. |
2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。 | Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Ten miles is too long. | |
3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 | “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. | |
4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。 | One and a half apples is left on the table. |
一致原则 | 考点详解 | 例句 |
逻辑一致 | 5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 | Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. |
6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 | The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn‘t easy to study. | |
7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 | My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. | |
8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 | The old are taken good care of. | |
9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 | A large quantity of people is needed here. 注意：quantities一般用复数。 Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. | |
10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时， 谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 | A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. | |
就近一致 | 1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 | Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. |
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 | There are two chairs and a desk in the room. Here引导的句子用法同上。 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you. |
考向一语法一致
语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
- 单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。
☛ His father is working on the farm.
☛ Time is money.
☛ To finish all the work on time is impossible.
☛ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
☛ The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.
◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。
What I bought were 3 English books.
What I say and do are helpful to you.
- 由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are friends.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。
The writer and artist has come.
◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every student and every teacher was in the room.
No boy and no girl likes it.
- 主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
- either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Each of us has a new book.
Everything around us is matter.
Neither of the texts is interesting.
None of us has been to South Africa.
- 定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。
He is one of my students who are working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。
3.He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A. has；anyone likes B. have；does anyone like
C. has；no one likes D. have；anyone likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。
- 集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。
His family is a happy one.
The whole family are watching TV.
The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)
One third of the population here are workers.(人)
◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
- 由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
A lot of time is wasted.
A lot of people take part in the meeting.
2/3 water is drunk by him.
2/3 students are absent.
- 倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take
【答案】A
【解析】主谓一致指＂人称＂和＂数＂方面的一致关系。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。
考向二 意义一致原则
- 表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Twenty minutes is enough for the work.
One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.
- 如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。
The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.
one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。
One and a half apples is left on the table.
- 算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）
表示 上聊天是保持你的外语水平的很好的方式。动词词组keep up意为"使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平)"。
10.Hopefully
【解析】考查副词。句意：希望以上所述能够帮助你放下你的顾虑，开始你的旅程。本空用来修饰整个句子，因此应该用副词形式。又因为本空在句首，所以单词首字母应大写。
体验真题
1.C 【解析】本题考查时态、语和主谓一致态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
2. C 【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Great Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据＂strengthened＂可知，＂被广泛阅读和得到高度评价＂发生在过去，故选C。
3. B 【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
4. has grown【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时，且主语为the country，所以应该应该用单数形式。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
5.A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意为：通常情况，对别人期望很高的学生的内在动机对他们的发展是必要的。主语students’ inner motivation表示单数意义，所以谓语动词用单数，并且叙述的是现在的状态，所以用一般现在时，故选A项。
