2021高三英语人教版一轮教师用书：板块4第3讲　名词性从句


第3讲　名词性从句
[全国卷考情分析]
题型
典题试做
命题解读
语
法
填
空
1． (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2．(2018·浙江卷6月)Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在对引导词的选择上，其中连接代词what与that, how，if与whether是考查的重点。
短
文
改
错
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.that→where
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.which→that
1．从属连词与连接副词之间的错用；
2．连接代词(what，which和who等)之间的错用；
3．从属连词that与连接代词(尤其是what)之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；
4．从属连词that的缺失或多余。

考点一
主语从句

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·福建泉州质检)The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat food they could find there.
whatever　[句意：这对父子在山里迷路了，不得不吃他们在那里能找到的任何食物。whatever food意为“任何食物”，在从句中作动词find的宾语。]
2．(2019·赣州十四县市联考)When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic smile I had ever seen. All of a sudden, her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me and almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of
life is all about.
what　[考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作介词about的宾语，表示物的概念，故填what。]
3．(2019·福州四校联考)I went to a classical music concert yesterday and I loved it. I particularly experienced in a different way is how much I appreciated the musicians.
What　[考查连接词。句意：我以一种不同的方式经历的特别的事情就是我多么感激那些音乐家。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故填What。]
4．(2019·福建龙岩五校期中)Therefore, it is advisable you should value and treat them with care.
that　[句意：因此人们建议你应该珍惜、谨慎对待它们。“ you should value and treat them with care”为主语从句，该从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
5．(2019·江西名校联盟检测)We all thought it is a pity which the concert was put off.
which→that　[此处it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。]

1．主语从句的引导词
连接词
that，whether，if
只起连接作用，
不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what，who，whom，
which，whichever，
whatever，whoever
在从句中作主
语、宾语、表
语或定语
连接副词
when，where，how，why
在从句中作状语
Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。
Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.
李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。
[易错提醒]　(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。
(2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。
2．形式主语
it作形式主语的常见句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
[易错提醒]　当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether。

考点二
宾语从句

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·安徽黄山二模)While visiting Hangzhou's West Lake and its surrounding beautiful hills，you'll understand it's been a great source of inspiration for artists，poems and philosophers throughout Chinese history.
why　[句意：当你游览杭州西湖及周围美丽的群山时，你就会懂得为什么在中国历史中那个地方一直是画家、诗人和哲学家的灵感之源。宾语从句中缺少原因状语，故填why。]
2．(2019·广西桂林百色模拟)People are able to see the Chinese technologies of the time, which helps them a great deal in understanding the Chinese lived.
how　[考查宾语从句。句意：人们能够看到当时的中国技术，这对人们了解当时的中国人是如何生活的很有帮助。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作understanding的宾语；结合语境可知，该处表示“如何”，故用how引导宾语从句。]
3．(2019·河北保定、唐山联考)I asked him his father had done so that he became such a good person.
what　[句意：我问他他的父亲做了什么，使他成为一个如此好的人。设空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，从句中缺少had done的宾语，指“什么”，因此用what引导该从句。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
4．(2019·山东泰安期中)It all depends on if they will do their best.
if→whether　[介词后的宾语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if。]
5．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)During the break time, we argued about what club was the best.
what→which　[考查宾语从句。句意：休息时我们争论哪个俱乐部是最好的。根据语境可知，应用which引导宾语从句，意为“哪一个”。]

1．宾语从句的引导词
连接词
that，whether，if
只起连接作用，不
在从句中作成分
连接
代词
what，who，whom，
which，whichever，
whatever，whoever
在从句中作主语、
宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when，where，how，why
在从句中作状语
She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
[易错提醒]　(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。
2．形式宾语
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句
(3)动词短语see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句
(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句
No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
3．宾语从句的时态
一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。
考点三
表语从句

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·福建福州二模)The problem is one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.
that　[句意：问题是少睡一小时不等同于额外的一小时的成就。分析句子结构可知，is后为表语从句，从句的结构和句意完整，故填that。]
2．(2019·山西晋商四校联考)What is even more important is the earth cooled down, and water began to appear on its surface.
that　[分析句子结构可知，What is even more important为主语从句，the earth cooled down，and water began to appear on its surface句子成分完整，故应填that引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
3. (2019·河北保定、唐山联考)The reason why he was late is because there was heavy traffic on the road.
because→that　[可以说the reason is that，由that引导表语从句；也可以说sth. is because...，“某事是因为……”。]

1．表语从句的引导词
连接词
that，whether
只起连接
作用，不在
从句中作成分
连接代词
what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，
whoever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when，where，how，why
在从句中作状语
The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
[易错提醒]　if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。
2．as if/as though引导表语从句
as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
3．其他常考的表语从句
(1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
(2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……”
(3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
考点四
同位语从句

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·湖北部分重点中学联考)This should serve as a warning
people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.
that　[warning后为同位语从句，空格后的句子无论是结构还是意思都是完整的，空格处所填的词只起连接作用，没有任何实际意义，故填that。]
2．(2019·福州八县市一中联考)Word has come Basi's body will be put in Basi Museum, which is under construction at present for people to remember her forever and share the spirit of the harmonious development between humans and nature.
that　[考查同位语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，抽象名词word和从句Basi's body will be put in Basi Museum为同位关系，且从句意义与结构完整，故用that引导该同位语从句。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
3．(2019·武汉武昌区调研)Last term, I couldn't accept the truth which I failed in my math examination.
which→that　[考查名词性从句。名词truth后为同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that。]

同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。
The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
[易错提醒]　that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
1．首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在整个句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。
2．判断从句中的连接词。
(1)若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是否完整，若句意不完整，则需用whether/if；若句意完整，则用that。
(2)若从句缺少主、宾或表语，则用连接代词。
(3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如whether，because，as if 等)的用法。
[易错提醒]　在短文改错中：
1．首先分析句子结构，分析从句在全句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型；
2．检查连接词之间是否误用。尤其注意容易混淆的that与what、that与which、which与what、 if与whether；
3．检查连接词是否漏掉；
4．检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确；
5．检查主语从句与谓语动词的数是否一致；
6．检查作形式主语或形式宾语的it是否缺失。


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·北京朝阳区模拟)I have no doubt that he will make it, but I wonder
he is really ready enough.
whether/if　[分析句子结构可知，从句作wonder的宾语，且从句中不缺少主语和宾语。结合句义可知表达“是否”的含义，故填whether/if。]
2．(2019·四川德阳诊断)If you can be quiet, I'd like to make a comment on
China has benefited from the Beijing APEC meeting.
how　[句意：如果你可以静下来，我想就中国是如何从北京APEC会议中受益的情况进行一下评论。从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合句义可知，答案是how，表示“(方式)怎样”。]
3．(2019·山西太原期末)Although the store described the Sunday School as experimental, it was a good sign of just important supermarket shopping has become in people's daily life.
how　[设空处引导从句作介词of的宾语，但从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合句义可知答案是how，表示“(程度)多少”。]
4．(2019·江苏南通调研) is expected of the post­90s generation, who tend to spend most of their income every month, is they should form a sense of saving.
What; that　[第一空引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，表示“……的东西(事情)”，故应用what；第二空引导表语从句，从句中既不缺少主语和宾语也不缺少语义，故应填that。]
5．(2019·北京东城区期末)No one knows for certain how the first Americans arrived in is now the United States.
what　[句意：没人确切地知道第一批美国人是如何到达现在的美国的。从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的地方”，应用what。]
6．(2019·江苏宿迁月考)—What did the leaders attending One Belt, One Road Forum talk about?
—They talked about they felt they could do.
what　[这里介词about后接宾语从句，宾语从句中they felt是插入语，宾语从句中缺宾语，并结合句义可知此处表达“……的东西(事情)”。故填what。]
7．(2019·北京海淀区模拟)The most exciting moment during the Spring Festival is the family enjoy the big dinner together.
when　[由系动词is可判断设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但需补充句义，意为“……时候”，故填when。]
8．(2019·杭州质检)The view is universally shared by ordinary consumers
energy drink is not exactly good for health, but at the same time, its appeal can be hard to overcome.
that　[设空处引导的句子对抽象名词view的内容作详细说明，为同位语从句。从句中不缺主语和宾语，也不缺少语义，故填that。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·河南焦作模拟)After arriving at school, I discussed with some classmates that we could do.

that→what　[分析句子结构可知，classmates后面的句子为discuss后的宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，而that在名词性从句中不作成分，也没有语义，故将that改为what，表示“……的事情”。]
2．(2019·辽宁葫芦岛模拟)Recently we have had a discussion about if money can bring us happiness. Different students have different opinions.

if→whether　[介词后接宾语从句时表示“是否”只能用whether。]
3．(2019·河南八市重点高中联考)That we saw made us pick up our things and run back to the car as quickly as possible.

That→What　[谓语动词made前面的部分为主语从句。从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的东西(事情)”，故不能用That，应用What。]
4．(2019·福建厦门二模)Even in his earliest performing years, Yo­Yo Ma had a strong belief whether it was important to share music with all kinds of people.

whether→that　[根据句义可知belief后的句子是同位语从句，解释belief的内容，且从句不缺少成分及语义，故将whether改为that。]
5．(2019·福建福田调研)Students explore their own attitudes toward the arts, writing reflective essays on which the arts have played a role in their own lives.

which→how　[此处表述学生们写文章反思艺术是如何在他们自己的生活中发挥作用的。on后面的部分为名词性从句作on的宾语，结合句义可知此处表示“如何”，故将which改为how。]

Ⅰ.语法填空
(2019·安徽合肥二模)One day in 1998, I went to visit my 90­year­old grandma in a nursing home. She had lived there for 15 years. But it was becoming a little bit sad, partly because the place was full of people who 1． (be) at the last stage of their life. What's 2. (bad), it was taking her longer and longer 3.
(recognize) me.
She was really excited that day because they were having a dance party. I was not a big fan of dancing, 4. I was a big fan of Grandma, so I accepted her
5. (invite). During the party, an old lady 6． (sit) next to me chatted with me, saying how much she loved music and dancing. Not knowing 7． to say, I stood up and invited her for a dance.
I danced with all the ladies, 8. (particular) with Grandma, which was awesome. However, I felt discomfort throughout 9. party. I didn't know the reason at that moment. But now, I realize it was my fear of watching Grandma grow older, my powerlessness to do anything about it and the thought of losing 10.
(she) that made me uncomfortable.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者去养老院看望90岁的奶奶的经历。在那里的一次舞会中，作者与养老院所有的老奶奶都跳了舞，作者从中感触很深。
1．were　[考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people；结合句意可知，从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。所以填were。]
2．worse　[考查固定搭配。what's worse意思是“更糟糕的是”，相当于副词短语even worse/worse still。所以填worse。]
3．to recognize　[考查非谓语动词。句型It takes/took sb. some time/money to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间或多少钱”。所以填to recognize。]
4．but/yet　[考查连词。根据空处前后句子结构可知空处应该填连词；结合空前的“not a big fan of dancing”和空后的“a big fan of Grandma”可知，空处前后有转折含义，所以填but/yet。]
5．invitation　[考查词性转换。根据空前的“accepted her”可知，空处应该是名词作宾语，意思是“接受她的邀请”，所以填invitation。]
6．sitting　[考查非谓语动词。从句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，且主语an old lady与动词sit是逻辑上的主谓关系。所以填sitting。]
7．what　[考查疑问代词。根据“疑问代词＋不定式”结构及空前的knowing可知，空处应该填疑问代词，意思为“不知道说什么”，所以填what。]
8．particularly　[考查词性转换。空后是介词短语with Grandma，介词短语只能用副词修饰。所以填particularly。]
9．the　[考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处的party特指上文中的“a dance party”，所以填the。]
10．her　[考查人称代词。根据空前的losing同时结合句意可知，空处应该填人称代词she的宾格her。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2019·洛阳高三第二次摸底)Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
【答案】　
Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk what you should do when a fire alarm off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and . Don't panic or get out of line, and to remain quiet and . Soon the firefighters will come and put out fire. If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead back to the classroom. If you notice that someone is missing hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
1．with→about　[考查固定搭配。由what引导的宾语从句可知，此处表示“谈论”，故将with改为about。]
2．go→goes　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。when引导的状语从句常用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。a fire alarm为单数名词，故谓语动词应当用第三人称单数形式。]
3．wait后加for　[考查介词。wait为不及物动词，后跟宾语时要加上介词for。]
4．classmate→classmates　[考查名词的数。classmate为可数名词，此处应当用复数形式。]
5．trying→try　[考查祈使句。根据and一词可知应当用动词原形。]
6．calmly→calm　[考查形容词。由并列连词and可知本词与quiet都作系动词remain的表语，词性应与quiet一致。]
7．a→the　[考查冠词。前文已提到火灾，这里特指那场火灾。]
8．us→you　[考查人称代词。根据短文意思可知此处应用第二人称，表示“你们”，故将us改为you。]
9．去掉when　[考查宾语从句的连接词。根据句意“如果你们注意到有人失踪或受伤……”可知when是多余的。]
10．and→or　[考查连词。由语境可知，此处表示“失踪或受伤”，故将and改为表选择关系的连词or。]