2021高三英语人教版一轮教师用书：板块4第4讲　特殊句式

第4讲　特殊句式

[全国卷考情分析]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2019·四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill         (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.

lies　[当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后，还原成正常语序为：An old cottage       

(lie) at the top of the hill.。句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填lies。]

2．(2019·崇州模拟)Hardly          she gone out when a student came to visit her.

had　[此题考查hardly...when句式，该句式主句应用过去完成时。]

3．(2019·湖北八市联考)Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun.       

then后加did　[not until位于句首要用部分倒装，根据语境可知助动词用过去时。]

1．完全倒装

表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。

At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。

2．部分倒装

(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case等)置于句首时。

(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。

(3)so/neither＋ 助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语 意为“……也是如此/也不……”。

(4)在not only...but (also)...句型中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。

(5)not until...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。

(6)so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。

Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist­related activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。

Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.

他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2019·湖北襄阳四校联考)Although it was ten years ago          I read the book, it shows me a universal truth that books are friends，always pushing us to move on.

that　[分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语，故填that。]

2．(2019·湖北荆门调研)It wasn't until in high school          I began to trust other people again.

that　[句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”，且强调时间状语，故填that。]

3．(2019·江西樟树中学等六校联考)In that way，World Read Aloud Day          

(do) help make a difference.

does　[句意：通过那种方式，世界大声读书日的确帮助产生了影响。本句主语为World Read Aloud Day，设空处后的谓语动词是动词原形help，根据提示词do可知本题考查强调。do/does/did放在实义动词前表示强调。因主语为第三人称单数，故填does。]

Ⅱ.单句改错

4．(2019·湖南衡阳市八中、永州市四中一联)It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.       

which→that　[句意：是团队合作而不是我自己单打独斗使我克服了困难并使我的工作效率更高。本句考查强调句型。强调句型为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。由此可见需将which改为that。]

1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)

一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...?

特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...?

It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。

Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?

他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？

2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)

(湖南高考)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.

直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。

[易错提醒]　强调谓语动词，用do/does/did＋动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2019·山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don't. There         (be) several reasons.

are　[句意：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故填are。]

2．(2019·山西重点中学协作体一模)When         (take) exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.

taking　[句意：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好成绩来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。本题考查省略。将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams，we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词去掉，故填taking。]

3．(2019·河北衡水中学第三次调研)Once upon a time,          was a boy whose parents named him Odd.

there　[句意：从前有一个男孩儿，他的父母给他取名叫Odd。本题考查“there be”句型，意为：有……。]

Ⅱ.单句改错

4．(2019·湖南长沙一模)Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow.          

Doing→Do　[该句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句句首应用动词原形，故将Doing改为Do。]

5．(2019·湖南长郡中学等四校联考)There has a big library in our school.       

has→is　[句意：我们学校有一个很大的图书馆。本题考查there be句型。没有there have/has句型。]

一、省略

1．状语从句的省略

当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。

Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属加热时就膨胀，冷却时就收缩。

2．不定式的省略

(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect，hope，intend，mean，try，want，wish等词后。

Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.

首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。

(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。

If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.

如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。

3．特殊的省略结构：if省略结构

if so如果这样的话

if not如果不是这样的话

if ever如果曾经有的话

if necessary如果有必要的话

if possible如果可能的话

if any如果有的话

二、感叹句

1．what引导的感叹句

(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！

(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！

2．how引导的感叹句

(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！

(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！

(3)How＋主语＋谓语！

What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.

这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。

The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。

三、祈使句

祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。

(1)祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。

Do your homework before you watch TV.

看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。

(2)祈使句表示假设的情况。

①祈使句＋and/or＋简单句

②名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句

Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the result.

明天给我打电话，我会让你知道结果的。

Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train.

立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。

四、there be句型

(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be等替换。

There have been many great changes in our country since then.

自从那时起我国发生了很大的变化。

Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。

(2)there be句型的常考句型：

There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义

There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……

There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事

There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难

There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性

【技法点拨】

在做语法填空题时：

1．注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式；

2．根据特殊句式的结构特点，填入适当的词。

[易错提醒]　在做改错题时，遇到特殊句式，要注意倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句等的构成特点，从而确定错因。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．         seem to be a few trees between me and the green.

There　[句意：在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。考查there be句型，故填There。]

2．(2019·九江高三一模)I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol, and          was my friend Mike.

so　[根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用so，构成“so＋谓语动词＋主语”这种倒装结构，表示“……也……”。]

3．(2019·湖北荆州中学质检)Only then          we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.

did　[句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“only＋状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。]

4．(2019·江苏苏锡常镇四市调研)One has reason to believe that China's anti­corruption over the past few years，tough          it is，has achieved inspiring progress.

as/though　[句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。as/though引导让步状语从句时采用了部分倒装。]

5．(2019·连云港灌南华侨双语学校月考)Now, just in front of the house         (stand) a tall tree with a history of 100 years.

stands　[句意：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式；根据时间状语Now可推知设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为第三人称单数，故填stands。]

6．(2019·湖南怀化一模)More than one doctor         (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.

was　[句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。]

7．(2019·湖南长郡中学模拟)The traditional Chinese marriage usually          

(involve) some necessary procedures，such as match making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows.

involves　[考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。]

8．(2019·南昌NCS 20190607项目一模)While most water towns are in the south, Shandong's Tai'erzhuang stands out in the north. The town         (be) on the bank of the Beijing­Hangzhou Grand Canal.

is　[考查时态和主谓一致。该句主语为“The town”，为单数，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是当前的情况，故用一般现在时。句意：这个小城位于京杭大运河的岸边。]

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2019·天水一中期末)If is possible, I'd like to stay with a family for a couple of days in order that I can know customs in England.       

去掉is或在is前加it　[根据句式分析可知，此处可看作省略句，省略了it is。也可以补充为完整式。]

2．(2019·湖北襄阳模拟)Away had rushed a car from the direction of the square, when I walked towards the store.        

去掉had　[本句是一个以away开头的句子，构成了全部倒装。结合when从句中的动词walked，前后时态一致，故去掉had。]

3．(2019·贵州遵义联考)What embarrassed I felt at the moment! Such an experience left a deep impression on me.       

What→How　[该句型为“how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语”，因此把what改为how。what引出的感叹句其后必须有被修饰的名词。]

4．(2019·湖北五校模拟)Risky although the idea sounded, she didn't mind it because it worked for her.        

although→though/as　[此处是一个让步状语从句的倒装，但是although不能构成倒装，只能用as/though。]

5．(2019·黑龙江大庆中学模拟)Hardly did the summer vacation come when my classmates tried very hard to get train tickets to go home.       

did→had　[此处是一个hardly ... when ... 结构，这个结构中主句中使用过去完成时，从句中使用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”的意义，故将did改为had。]

Ⅰ.语法填空

(2019·历城二中高三三模)Generally speaking，joy 1．        (express) by laughter.But as it turns out，it reveals a lot more than the fact 2.         you are happy.It enables listeners，even those who cannot observe you，3.         (realize) if you are having a good time with a close friend or laughing 4.         (polite) with a complete stranger.

At least，this is the conclusion 5.        (reach) by a team of scientists led by Greg Bryant，6．         assistant professor of Communication Studies at the University of California.The researchers began by 7．        (request) volunteers from across the world to send them audio clips(片段) of people laughing.The 48 tapes they received 8.        (range) from recent recordings of laughter between two college friends 9.         ones from conversations made ten years ago.The clips also had all possible 10.         (combine)—communications between friends，strangers，all­male groups，all­female groups，etc.

Bryant says that the results of this cross­cultural examination show that people all over the world know laughter in similar ways.

【语篇解读】　本文主要对快乐进行了研究。

1．is expressed　[考查动词的时态和语态。根据该句中的“Generally speaking”可知，此处叙述一般情况，应用一般现在时；根据该句中的介词“by”可知，句子的主语joy和express构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。]

2．that　[考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，对fact的内容进行解释说明。]

3．to realize　[考查非谓语动词。enable sb.to do sth.意为“让某人能够做某事”，为固定用法，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to realize。]

4．politely　[考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词politely修饰动词laughing。]

5．reached　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，reach和句子主语the conclusion之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且和句子谓语is之间没有连词，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。]

6．an　[考查冠词。professor是可数名词，作单数名词Greg Bryant的同位语，且assistant的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。]

7．requesting　[考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词。requesting作介词by的宾语。]

8．ranged　[考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“they received”和“made”可知，此处用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。]

9．to　[考查介词。range from...to...意为“包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用介词to。]

10．combinations　[考查词形转换。与该句中的形容词“possible”呼应可知，此处用名词形式，且与“all”呼应，故用名词的复数形式，即combinations。]

Ⅱ.短文改错

(2019·昌乐二中三模)As we all known, classroom is a place where students ought to work hard to realize their dream. However, there are some students not using class properly, that makes things go from bad to worse. For example, some students played mobile phones or sleep in class, wasting plenty of precious time. What's worse, some students enjoy chat with others. Not only it affect their own study, but it also does harm to others.

As far as I am concern, the main reason is that they don't realize the important of study. To solve this problem, they should bear in mind making the full use of class is the best way to improve the efficiency of study. After all, time and tide waits for no man.

【答案】　

As we all ， classroom is a place where students ought to work hard to realize their . However, there are some students not using class properly,  makes things go from bad to worse. For example, some students  mobile phones or sleep in class, wasting plenty of precious time. What's worse, some students enjoy  with others. Not only  it affect their own study, but it also does harm to others.

As far as I am ， the main reason is that they don't realize the  of study. To solve this problem, they should bear in mind making full use of class is the best way to improve the efficiency of study. After all, time and tide  for no man.