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    2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮(经典版)学案:第一编Book5Unit13People

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    Book 5

    Unit 13 People


    1.Because friendships can enhance our lives, it is strongly believed that we should cultivate them.
    因为友谊能增加生活的意义,人们坚信应该培养友谊。
    2.As empty vessels make the loudest sound, those who have least wit are the greatest babblers.
    正像空容器发出最大声音,智力最低者最善于唠叨不休。
    3.Familiar paths and old friends are the best.
    熟路好遵循,老友最可珍。
    4.Don't try to win a friend by presenting gifts. You should instead contribute your sincere love and learn how to win others' hearts in appropriate ways.
    不要靠馈赠去获得朋友,你必须奉献你诚挚的爱,学会怎样用正当的方法来赢得别人的心。
    自主排查 夯基固本

    Ⅰ 核心单词
    (1)strength (n.) 长处,优势;力量→strong (adj.) 强壮的,有力量的→strengthen (vt.) 加强
    (2)gain (vt.) 获得,增加→gainful (adj.) 有利益的,有利可图的→gainfully (adv.) 有利可图地
    (3)concentrate (vi.) 集中(思想、注意力等)→concentrated (adj.) 决心要做的;集中的,浓缩的→concentration (n.) 集中,集合
    (4)associate (vt.) 联想,联系→association (n.) 联系,联盟→associative (adj.) 联想的
    (5)expression (n.) 表情;词语→express (vt.) 表达→expressive (adj.) 有表现力的
    (6)connection (n.) 联系;连接→connect (vt.) 与……联系,与……连接→connected (adj.) 有联系的,相关的→connective (n.) 连接词
    (7)accurately (adv.) 精确地,准确地→accurate (adj.) 精确的,准确的
    (8)description (n.) 描述,形容→describe (vt.) 描述,记述→descriptive (adj.) 描述的,记述的→descriptively (adv.) 叙述地
    (9)predict (vt.) 预言,预测→prediction (n.) 预言,预报→predictable (adj.) 可预言的→predictably (adv.) 可预见地
    (10)deserve (vt.) 应得,值得→deservedly (adv.) 应得地,理所当然地
    (11)failure (n.) 失败→fail (vi.) 失败;忘记;辜负;不及格→failed (adj.) 失败的
    (12)possibility (n.) 可能性→possible (adj.) 可能的→possibly (adv.) 可能地
    (13)disability (n.) 残疾,无能力→disable (vt.) 使失去能力;使伤残→disabled (adj.) 残疾的,无能的
    (14)accuse (vt.) 控告,谴责→accused (n.) 被告→accuser (n.) 原告,指控者→accusable (adj.) 可指控的
    (15)personality (n.) 个性,性格→personalize (vt.) 使个性化→personally (adv.) 亲自地→personal (adj.) 私人的,亲自的
    (16)independent (adj.) 独立的→independence (n.) 独立
    (17)characteristic (n.) 特点,特性→characteristically (adv.) 典型地→character (n.) 个性,性格;人物
    (18)desire (n.) 渴望,欲望 (vt.) 想要,请求→desirous (adj.) 渴望的,想要的
    (19)satisfaction (n.) 满意,满足→satisfy (vt.) 使满意→satisfied (adj.) 感到满意的→satisfying (adj.) 令人满意的
    (20)aboard (prep.) 在(上)船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上
    (21)upset (adj.) 不安的,不快的
    (22)anxiety (n.) 忧虑,担心→anxious (adj.) 忧虑的,担心的→anxiously (adv.) 忧虑地,担心地
    (23)glare (vi.) 怒视,瞪→glance (vi.) (同义词)瞥一眼→stare (vi.) (同义词)凝视
    (24)confirm (vt.) 证实→confirmed (adj.) 成习惯的,根深蒂固的
    (25)judge (vt.) 评判,判断→judgement (n.) 审判,评判,判断
    (26)devote (vt.) 专心致志于,献身于→devotion (n.) 挚爱;奉献;忠诚
    Ⅱ 阅读单词
    (1)previous (adj.) 以前的,过去的→previously (adv.) 先前
    (2)positive (adj.) 积极的→positively (adv.) 积极地→positiveness (n.) 肯定,确信,自信
    (3)emergency (n.) 紧急情况→emergent (adj.) 新兴的
    (4)gifted (adj.) 有天赋的→gift (n.) 天赋;礼物
    (5)academic (adj.) 学术的→academically (adv.) 学术地,理论上
    (6)mistaken (adj.) 错误的→mistake (n.) 错误→mistakenly (adv.) 错误地;被误解地
    (7)thus (adv.) 因此,如此
    (8)selfish (adj.) 自私的→selfishly (adv.) 自私地→selfishness (n.) 任性,以自我为中心→selfless (adj.) 无私的,无私欲的→selflessly (adv.) 无私地,忘我地
    (9)harvest (n.) 收获→harvester (n.) 收割机
    (10)requirement (n.) 要求→require (vt.) 要求
    (11)hug (n.) 拥抱
    (12)fault (n.) 错误;缺点→error (n.) (同义词)错误,过失
    (13)relief (n.) 减轻;宽慰→relieve (vt.) 减轻;解除→relievable (adj.) 可减轻的
    (14)shelter (vi.) 躲避 (n.) 避难所,遮蔽物
    (15)revision (n.) 复习→revise (vt.) 复习,修改
    (16)section (n.) 部分
    (17)grateful (adj.) 感激的,感谢的→gratefully (adv.) 感激地,感谢地
    (18)shortcoming (n.) 缺点,短处
    (19)companion (n.) 同伴,伴侣
    (20)forever (adv.) 永远
     [单句语法填空]
    1.In a way, your effort to conquer your weaknesses will be looked at as a ________ (strong).
    答案:strength
    2.Industrial development ________ (concentrate) in the west of the country at present.
    答案:is being concentrated
    3.Many people ________ (expression) their opposition to the proposals for a new ring road.
    答案:have expressed
    4.There are good bus and train ________ (connect) between the resort and major cities.
    答案:connections
    5.Police believe Derek gave a reasonably ________ (accurately) account of what happened.
    答案:accurate
    6.They were afraid of ________ (fail) because they didn't want to lose face.
    答案:failure
    7.He ________ (accuse) of cheating in the exam.
    答案:was accused
    8.The survey found that men got greater ________ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from work.
    答案:satisfaction
    9.There were a few ________ (anxiety) moments in the baseball game.
    答案:anxious
    10.________ (judge) from his accent, he must come from the south.
    答案:Judging

    联想积累
    以-ive结尾的形容词
    ①positive 积极的
    ②active 积极的,活跃的
    ③interactive 相互作用的
    ④creative 有创造力的
    ⑤negative 消极的
    ⑥exclusive 独有的
    ⑦comparative 比较的
    ⑧native 本国的
    ⑨alternative 两者选一的
    ⑩attractive 吸引的
    ⑪respective 各自的,分别的
    ⑫effective 有效的
    ⑬collective 集体的,共同的
    ⑭communicative 健谈的
    ⑮informative 见闻广博的
    ⑯selective 有选择的
    ⑰sensitive 敏感的,敏锐的
    ⑱competitive 有竞争力的
    ⑲repetitive 重复乏味的
    ⑳concentrative 集中的,专心的
    associative 联合的
    expressive 有表现力的
    descriptive 描述的
    objective 客观的

    1.be_involved_in 包含在……;与……有关;被卷入
    2.focus_on 集中,聚焦
    3.come_up_with 提出,想出
    4.leave_school 毕业,离开学校
    5.concentrate_on 将……集中于
    6.talk_sb._into_doing_sth. 劝说某人做某事
    7.end_up_doing_sth. 最终以做某事结束
    8.as_well 也,还
    9.have sth./much to do with ...
    与……有关系
    10.deal_with 处理,对待
    11.get_on/along_well_with 与……相处融洽
    12.be_accused_of 被指控犯有……罪行
    13.in terms of 谈及;就……而言
    14.be scared of 害怕
    15.on one's own 独立地,自立
    16.glare at 怒视
    17.pick up 捡起;接收;学会;开车去接
    18.can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
    19.to be honest 诚实地说
    20.figure out 理解,想出
    21.except for 除……之外
    22.devote ... to 将……献给
    23.have a sense of 有……的感觉
    24.be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
     [选词填空]
    come up with, concentrate on, talk sb. into, end up, have ... to do with, be accused of, in terms of, pick up, can't help, except for
    1.Because of the sweet voice, I ________ searching for this person online yesterday.
    答案:couldn't help
    2.In this lecture I shall ________ the early years of Charles's reign.
    答案:concentrate on
    3.His sons ________ him ________ retiring when he was 60 years old.
    答案:talked; into
    4.We had to eat out all the time. It ________ costing a fortune.
    答案:ended up
    5.Bravery and perseverance ________ much ________ the career of one's life.
    答案:have; to do with
    6.Now he's in real trouble. He ________ cursing his teacher.
    答案:is accused of
    7.I sold everything I owned ________ my car and my books.
    答案:except for
    8.I ________ my homework book and glanced through it.
    答案:picked up
    9.Our class ________ the idea to make better use of used materials.
    答案:came up with
    10.It's a mistake to think of Florida only ________ its tourist attractions.
    答案:in terms of
    联想积累
     与in terms of结构相似的“介词+名词+介词”短语
    ①in connection with关于……
    ②by means of利用……方式
    ③in spite of虽然
    ④with regard to关于
    ⑤on top of在……上面
    ⑥by reason of 由于,因为
    ⑦by virtue of 凭借,由于
    ⑧by way of 经由
    ⑨in addition to除……之外(还)
    ⑩in advance of 在……的前面
    ⑪in command of 指挥
    ⑫in comparison with与……相比
    ⑬in front of 在……前面
    ⑭in consideration of 考虑到……
    ⑮in contrast with与……相比
    ⑯in danger of处于……危险中
    ⑰in exchange for 作为……的交换
    ⑱in favor of赞成,支持
    ⑲in honor of 祝贺;纪念
    ⑳in memory of纪念
    in need of 需要
    in place of代替
    in reply to 答复
    in respect of关于;就……而言
    in return for作为……的报答
    in sight of 在看得见……的地方
    in sympathy with一致,同感
    in touch with 与……接触
    in view of考虑到
    on account of因为
    on behalf of 代表

    课文原句
    句式梳理
    仿写训练
    1.Animals take a long time to train so you have to be patient with them.
    动物要花很长时间才能训练好,所以你必须耐心对待它们。(P11)
    主语+take+时间段+to do sth.
    花费……时间去做某事
    不定式在句中作目的状语
    You should ____________________________ your professional courses.
    你应该把绝大多数的时间用来学习专业课。
    2.She was standing with a book in her hands near the “English literature” section.
    她手里拿着一本书站在“英国文学”栏目的旁边。(P14)
    with+名词+介词短语
    本句型中介词后跟复合结构,其中,介词短语也可以用现在分词、过去分词或不定式等替代
    My son ran into my room ______________________________.
    我儿子手里拿着一个奖章跑进我的房间。


    答案:1.take most of your time to learn 2.with a medal in his hands
    直击重点 突破考点

    ① strength n. 长处,优势;力量(P4)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①The ability to keep calm is one of her many ________ (strong).
    ②During this ordeal he was able to draw ________ (strong) from his faith.
    答案:①strengths ②strength
    (2)单句写作
    The best strategy is to be honest, but often you can turn a ______________________.
    最好的策略是要诚实,但通常你可以把缺点转化为优点。
    答案:weakness into a strength

    (1)build up one's strength 增强体力
    strengths and weaknesses 长处和短处
    (2)strengthen v. 加强;增强;巩固
    ② deserve vt. 应得,值得(P8)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore ________ (deserve) respect.
    ②He deserves to ________ (lock) up for ever for what he did.
    答案:①deserves ②be locked
    (2)单句写作
    They had some excellent players, so they certainly ______________________________.
    他们有几个优秀的队员,所以他们理所当然地赢得了那场比赛。
    答案:deserved to win the game

    deserve consideration/attention/respect 值得考虑/关注/尊敬
    deserve to do sth. 应该做某事
    deserve doing/to be done ……值得做
    ③ predict vt. 预言,预测(P8)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①It is nearly impossible ________ (predict) what will happen.
    ②It's difficult to make accurate ________ (predict) about the effects on the environment.
    答案:①to predict ②predictions
    (2)单句写作
    ______________________ inflation would continue to fall.
    据预报,通货膨胀率将继续下降。
    答案:It was predicted that

    (1)It's predicted that ... 据预报……
    (2)prediction n. 预测,预言
    ④ accuse vt. 控告,谴责(P9)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①The report accused the government ________ shirking its responsibilities.
    ②The shop assistant was dismissed as she ________ (accuse) of cheating customers.
    答案:①of ②was accused
    (2)单句改错
    Mary was accused with an accomplice in that case.
    ______________________________________________________________
    答案:with→as

    accuse sb. of 指责/控告某人犯……罪
    accuse sb. as 指控某人为……
    be accused of被指控犯有……罪行

    charge常与accuse通用,但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行,而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉,常与with连用。
    ⑤ independent adj. 独立的(P10)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of ________ (independent).
    ②The police force should be independent ________ direct government control.
    答案:①independence ②of
    (2)单句写作
    We aim to help disabled students ________________________.
    我们旨在帮助残疾学生尽可能独立地生活和学习。
    答案:to live and study independently

    (1)be independent of 独立于……之外,不依赖于
    be independent of each other 彼此无关
    (2)independence n. 独立,自立
    recover independence 恢复独立
    (3)independently adv. 独立地
    ⑥ desire n. 渴望,欲望 vt. 想要(P10)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①It is ________ (desire) that you should have some familiarity with computers.
    ②Food seems to have been available, even if the quality left much ________ (desire).
    答案:①desirable ②to be desired
    (2)单句改错
    She has a strong desire going to the country for a visit.
    ______________________________________________________________
    答案:going→to go

    (1)have a strong desire
    (2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
    desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
    desire that ... (should) do sth. 渴望……
    leave a lot/much to be desired 有许多需要改进的地方
    (3)desirable adj. 理想的

    desire后接宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时,从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
    ⑦ satisfaction n. 满足,满意(P10)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①It was a great ________ (satisfy) to have revisited our native village.
    ②The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled ________ satisfaction.
    答案:①satisfaction ②with
    (2)单句改错
    I hope I shall do everything for your satisfaction.
    ______________________________________________________________
    答案:for→to

    (1)with satisfaction满意地
    to one's satisfaction 使某人满意的是
    (2)satisfy vt. 使满意
    satisfy sb.'s needs/demands/desires 满足某人的需求
    (3)satisfied adj. 感到满意的
    be satisfied with 对……感到满意
    (4)satisfying adj. 令人满意的

    satisfaction表示“满意”或“高兴”时,为不可数名词。当表示具体的“一件使人满意或高兴的事”时,为可数名词,可以与不定冠词a连用。
    ⑧ upset adj. 不安的,不快的;沮丧的 vt. 使不舒服(P12)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①He was horribly upset ________ her illness.
    ②It ________ (upset) me to think of her all alone in that big house.
    答案:①about ②upsets
    (2)单句写作
    I fail to see the reason why you __________________.
    我看不出有什么可以使你这样心烦意乱的。
    答案:get so upset

    (1)upset sb. about使某人因为……而难过/生气
    (2)get upset about为……而心烦/不快乐
    ⑨ judge vt. 评判,判断(P17)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①________ (judge) from his conduct, I assume he is lacking in education.
    ②As can ________ (judge) from her eyes, she has no personal hostility to us.
    答案:①Judging ②be judged
    (2)单句写作
    Teachers always ________ their students ________ the final examination.
    老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
    答案:judge; on

    (1)judge sb. on sth. 根据某事来评判某人
    as far as I can judge 据我判断
    (2)judging by/from 从……上看;根据……判断

    judging from/by用在句首时,为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态影响,只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。

    ① come up with提出;想出;拿出(一笔钱)(P8)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①She came up ________ a new idea for increasing sales.
    ②How long can you come ________ with the money?
    答案:①with ②up
    (2)单句写作
    They want to buy the house, but they couldn't __________________ the cash.
    他们想买房,但是拿不出这笔现金。
    答案:come up with

    come out 出来;出版;结果是
    come by 顺路看望;获得
    come round/around 拜访;发生
    come across 偶然遇到;碰见
    come up 上来;走近;被提出;发生
    when it comes to (doing) sth. 当说到(做)某事
    ② concentrate on将……集中于(P8)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①Young children have a limited attention span and can't concentrate ________ one activity for very long.
    ②Doctors ________ (concentrate) on understanding the disease better, and on optimizing the treatment at present.
    答案:①on ②are concentrating
    (2)单句写作
    The confusing matters make him unable __________________ his study.
    那么多烦心事使他无法专心学习。
    答案:to concentrate on

    (1)concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts on ... 集中某人的注意力/努力/思想于……
    (2)concentration n. 专心,集中
    ③ talk sb. into doing sth.劝说某人做某事(P8)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①I didn't want to move abroad but Bill talked me ________ it.
    ②I ________ (talk) into going on another fun-filled holiday.
    答案:①into ②was talked
    (2)单句写作
    My husband ________ me ________ going skiing.
    我丈夫说服我去滑雪。
    答案:talked; into

    talk around/round 说服某人改变主意;不着边际地说
    talk at sb.针对某人大发议论
    talk back (to sb.)(尤指对上司)回嘴,顶嘴
    talk sb. out of (doing) sth. 说服某人不要做某事
    talk sb. through sth.给某人解说某事
    talk sb./sth. up过分夸奖;吹捧
    ④ end up doing sth.最终以做某事结束(P8)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①If you don't know what you want, you might end up ________ (get) something you don't want.
    ②If you always give in to others you will end up ________ (feel) like a doormat.
    答案:①getting ②feeling
    (2)单句写作
    If you hang around with colleagues all the time you just ______________________.
    如果整天和同事泡在一起的话,你最终就会变得开口闭口都是工作。
    答案:end up talking about work

    (1)end up with ... 以……而结束
    end up as ... 结果成为(职位)
    (2)come to an end=put/bring an end to=bring sth. to an end 结束
    at the end of 在……尽头;在……末端
    by the end of 到……结束时;到……时候为止(常与完成时连用)
    in the end 最后;终于
    ⑤ in terms of就……而言;在……方面;从某个角度(P9)

    (1)单句语法填空
    There is no other girl that can compare with you ________ terms of beauty.
    答案:in
    (2)单句改错
    ①In term of theory, it is possible to carry out the project.
    ______________________________________________________________
    ②The job is great in terms with salary, but it has its disadvantages.
    ______________________________________________________________
    答案:①term→terms ②with→of

    be on good/bad/friendly terms with sb. 与某人关系好/不好/友好
    come to terms with ... 对……让步,迁就……,接受(不愉快的事);适应……
    in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言
    ⑥ can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事(P14)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①I can't help ________ (think) of my childhood when seeing that film.
    ②She can't help ________ (clean) the house because she's busy reading a detective novel.
    答案:①thinking ②to clean
    (2)单句写作
    She __________________ her great interest in English.
    她禁不住流露出对英语学科的极大兴趣。
    答案:couldn't help showing

    can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事
    cannot help but do sth. 不得不做某事
    cannot choose but do sth. 不得不做某事
    ⑦ except for除……之外(P17)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ________ for a few grammar mistakes, your composition is excellent.
    答案:Except
    (2)单句改错
    ①Except her illness, she had a particularly happy childhood.
    ______________________________________________________________
    ②I didn't tell him anything except for that I needed the money.
    ______________________________________________________________
    答案:①Except后加for ②去掉for

    except that ... 除……之外
    ⑧ be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事(P19)

    (1)单句语法填空
    You'd better wait a while. He is busy ________ (deal) with some important work.
    答案:dealing
    (2)单句改错
    ①Every time I go to visit her, she is always busy work out some papers.
    ______________________________________________________________
    ②Mr Green is busy on a customer at the moment.
    ______________________________________________________________
    答案:①work→working ②on→with

    be busy with sth.忙于某事

    ① [教材原句]It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
    一般认为,高情商的人对新思想持开放态度,对生活有积极的态度。(P9)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①It ________ (believe) that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
    ②It ________ (report) that the production has been put into use.
    答案:①is believed ②is reported
    (2)单句写作
    ________________ that the generation growing up with television can barely write a correct English sentence.
    据说,伴随着电视机长大的这代人几乎写不出一个正确的英文句子。
    答案:It's said

    It is+过去分词+that ...
    it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语

    本句型可以转换为:主语+be+过去分词+不定式。此时不定式有时态的变化(一般式、进行式和完成式)。
    ② [教材原句]On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations.
    另一方面,毫无疑问,低情商的人经常在与他人相处和处理困难情况的时候就会有问题。(P9)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①There is little doubt ________ those with low EQs have a harder time surviving in life.
    ②I doubt ________ the new one will be any better.
    答案:①that ②whether/if
    (2)单句写作
    ________________ you will be helped by others if you have any difficulty.
    毫无疑问,如果你有困难的话,大家也会帮助你的。
    答案:There is no/little doubt that

    there is little/no ... doubt that ...结构中that引导的是同位语从句

    在“There is little doubt that ... ”句型中,little可用no替代,表示“没有疑问”。当doubt用于肯定句中时,同位语从句用whether引导;而用于否定句和疑问句中时,同位语从句用that引导。
    ③ [教材原句]I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.
    我真不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。(P11)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①Many people dislike ________ when someone interrupts their conversation.
    ②I would appreciate it ________ you could give me this opportunity to obtain further education abroad.
    答案:①it ②if
    (2)单句改错
    We all dislike if someone doesn't keep his promise.
    ______________________________________________________________
    答案:dislike后加it

    dislike it+when/if ...

    在英语中,表示“喜怒哀乐”的动词like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate, prefer等接if/when从句作宾语时,常用形式宾语it,而真正的宾语从句放在it之后。
    ④ [教材原句]Or they could have gone exploring on their own and lost their way back to the group.
    或者他们可能是自己去探险,在回来的路上迷失了方向。(P12)

    (1)单句语法填空
    ①Don't worry─they could ________ (forget) to call only.
    ②I ________ (buy) so much wine—only five people came.
    答案:①have forgotten ②needn't have bought
    (2)单句改错
    Today's weather is fine. Perhaps it must last several days.
    ______________________________________________________________
    答案:must→could/may

    情态动词表推测时,can, must语气最强,前者用于疑问和否定句中,而后者用于肯定形式的陈述句中;may用于语气不肯定的句子中;而could, might等用于语气最不肯定的句子中。
    课文回练 升华运用
    根据课文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    According to the __1__ (describe) given by Professor Salovey, we know that it is IQ that gets us hired but it is EQ that gets us __2__ (promote). Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggested that when __3__ (predict) someone's future success, the EQ matters more than IQ. This may be right. For example, some smartest students, __4__ you think deserve good grades, sometimes fail in the exam. And the __5__ (fail) is possibly because of their low EQ. People are often mistaken in the association __6__ the IQ and EQ. People with high EQs are less likely to be troubled by problems __7__ those with low EQs often have problems __8__ (get) on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; thus they have a harder time __9__ (survive) in life. Now some social scientists are trying to study the __10__ (possible) of improving one's EQ because the future of a person is not entirely determined by one's IQ.
    1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
    答案:1.description 2.promoted 3.predicting 4.who 5.failure 6.between 7.while 8.getting 9.surviving 10.possibility

    基础达标 自主训练
    Ⅰ.单句语法填空
    1.The Olympic Games, first ________ (hold) in 776 BC, did not include women competitors until 1912.
    答案:held 根据句意可知,此处Olympic Games与hold之间存在被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,表被动。
    2.________ (drive) by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses.
    答案:Driven farmers与动词drive之间存在被动关系,故用过去分词(短语)作原因状语。句意:蔬菜量的需求越来越大,在这一驱动下,农民们建造了更多的温室。
    3.Don't make the window ________ (break) all the time.
    答案:broken 根据句意可知,window与动词break之间存在被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语,表被动。
    4.She entered, ________ (accompany) by her mother.
    答案:accompanied She与动词accompany之间存在被动关系,故用过去分词作伴随状语,表被动。
    5.I really dislike ________ when I am disturbed while learning in the library.
    答案:it 根据句子结构可知,dislike后跟宾语从句时,常用形式宾语it,而真正的宾语从句放在it之后。
    6.Li Ping tried to talk her parents into ________ (consider) her plan to visit Beijing.
    答案:considering talk sb. into doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“说服某人做某事”。
    7.When Jack didn't turn up, we all couldn't help ________ (be) worried about him.
    答案:being couldn't help doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“禁不住地做某事”,故本空用being。
    8.There is some doubt ________ she can come today or not.
    答案:whether 根据句型结构可知,当doubt用于肯定句中时,同位语从句用whether连接。
    9.________ (judge) from her appearance, I infer that she is my partner's daughter.
    答案:Judging judging from/by “根据……判断,从……上看”,为固定短语。
    10.It is a small city both ________ terms of size and population.
    答案:in in terms of “就……而言”。
    Ⅱ.单句写作
    1.The film star walked up to his car, __________________________ (后面跟着一群新闻记者).
    答案:followed by a crowd of journalists
    2.In 1983, there were only 200 computers __________________ (连到互联网上).
    答案:connected to the Internet
    3.Because of careless driving, she ________________ in hospital.
    由于粗心驾驶,她最终住进了医院。
    答案:ended up
    4.______________________________________________________________
    他们禁不住想起他们在公司共度的那段时光。(can't help doing sth.)
    答案:They can't help thinking about the time they spent together in the company.
    5.______________________________________________________________
    毫无疑问,他是我们小组中的带头人。
    答案:There is no doubt that he is the leader of our group.
    Ⅲ.语法填空
    (2020·安徽省六安市毛坦厂中学东城校区高三模拟)The woman often called the First Lady of New York died on August. Brooke Astor was one hundred and five years old. The extremely wealthy and famous New Yorker spent much of her life __1__ (help) the needy in her beloved city.
    She was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She was the only child of a high level military officer. After two earlier __2__ (marry), she married Vincent Astor in 1953 again. He came from a family __3__ had been rich for at least one hundred years. Among other things, he owed many buildings in New York City. Brooke Astor became one of the __4__ (rich) women in the world when Vincent Astor died. She also became head of a huge charity organization __5__ (found) by her husband. He repeatedly had told her she would have fun giving __6__ his money.
    And apparently she did. Miss Astor gave tens of millions of dollars __7__ (main) to places and people in New York City. She said it was the sensible choice because that was __8__ the money had been made. She gave financial support to the city's cultural centers, the poor and disabled as __9__ as to many smaller charities. When she died, the mayor of New York said the city would not be what it is today __10__ her support.
    1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
    5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
    9.________ 10.________
    篇章导读:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一位乐善好施的女士给予了纽约文化中心、穷人、残疾人和其他小的慈善团体很多资金上的支持。纽约市长对她给予了高度评价。
    1.helping 考查非谓语动词。spend+时间段+(in) doing sth. “花时间做某事”。应用动名词形式helping。
    2.marriages 考查名词。空前为two earlier,故应用名词复数形式marriages。
    3.that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。“________ had been rich for at least one hundred years”为定语从句,修饰family,从句中缺主语,指物,故应用that或which。
    4.richest 考查形容词最高级。句意:当Vincent Astor去世的时候,Brooke Astor成为世界上最富有的女性之一。根据句意及空前the可知,本空应用形容词最高级richest。
    5.founded 考查非谓语动词。found和charity organization为被动关系,故应用过去分词形式founded。
    6.away 考查副词。句意:他多次对她说,她会很乐意把他的钱捐出去。give away “分发”,故应用副词away。
    7.mainly 考查副词。修饰动词give应用副词mainly。
    8.where 考查名词性从句。句意:她说这是一个明智的选择,因为钱就是在这里挣的。“________ the money had been made”为表语从句,根据句意可知从句缺地点状语,故应用where。
    9.well 考查固定短语。句意:她给予城市文化中心、穷人、残疾人和其他小的慈善团体资金上的支持。as well as “也”,故本空应用well。
    10.without 考查介词。句意:当去世的时候,纽约市长说没有她的支持这个城市不会是现在的样子。根据句意应用介词without。
    Ⅳ.短文改错
    (2020·合肥市高三调研性检测)My best friends Wang Bing, Liu Hong and I did voluntary work in our neighborhood in last summer. Every morning we would walk around, collected plastic bags, waste paper and cans. This usually took us about one and a half hour to do that. After that, we went to do some housework for the senior people who lived their own. In the afternoon we helped some children do their homework, so their parents were too busy to take care of themselves. Although we were a little tiring every day, we were proud of what we have done. We all felt really happily that we could do something meaningful.
    答案:
    My best friends Wang Bing, Liu Hong and I did voluntary work in our neighborhood last summer. Every morning we would walk around, plastic bags, waste paper and cans. usually took us about one and a half to do that. After that, we went to do some housework for the senior people who lived their own. In the afternoon we helped some children do their homework, their parents were too busy to take care of . Although we were a little every day, we were proud of what we done. We all felt really that we could do something meaningful.
    难项分析:
    第二处:collected→collecting 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知,动词collect与其逻辑主语we构成主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。
    第八处:tiring→tired 考查形容词。该句主语为we,应用tired;tired意为“疲劳的”,形容人;tiring意为“使人疲劳的”,修饰物。
    第九处:have→had 考查动词的时态。根据该句中的were可知,我们所做的事情发生在感到自豪之前,表示过去的过去,故用过去完成时。

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