2021版英语全能大一轮复习人教版讲义：写作技法点拨系列四合理展开段落编织流畅作文

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写作技法点拨系列

四、合理展开段落, 编织流畅作文

　　段落写作步骤

1. 确定主题句

主题句一般位于段落的开头, 用来表达段落的中心思想, 简明地告诉读者段落的内容。但主题句的位置并不是固定不变的, 它有时也可以位于段中或段尾。为了便于展开下文, 主题句一般具备以下特点:

(1)主题句的内容要明确具体, 具有特定性、单一性和概括性, 切忌笼统。

例如:

Many college students do part-time jobs. 这样的句子就不适合做主题句, 因为太笼统, 很难把握其他句子的展开方向。但如果改为Many college students do part-time jobs for various reasons. 就便于扩展句的展开。

(2)主题句的语言要简洁, 开门见山。

以题为“Changes in My Hometown”的作文的两个开头段落为例, 第二个比第一个要简洁明了。

a. In recent years, with the development of economy, great changes have taken place in China. There are also many great changes in my hometown.

b. Many great changes have taken place in my hometown.

2. 扩展主题句

主题句仅仅提出作者的基本观点, 要使读者明白并同意作者的观点, 就要展开主题句。展开主题句要做到内容清晰、翔实, 有较强的说服力。展开段落一定要紧紧围绕主题句, 不能偏离, 不能分散。例如主题句She is always ready to help others. 就已经限定了她是一个“乐于助人”的人, 从而扩展句所体现的内容都必须和乐于助人有关。如果涉及她学习成绩优异或学习努力刻苦, 就偏离了段落的中心。

3. 展开主题句的办法

确定了段落的主题后, 必须用相应的扩展句来分析和说明, 使作者的观点和思想更具有说服力。在一个段落中, 我们常用几种不同的方法来扩展主题句。

(1)叙述法

根据所叙述对象的不同, 叙述法又可分为两种形式: 按时间顺序和按空间顺序。例如:

My experience in the English speech contest last October is a case in point. (主题句)A month before the event, I spent hours working out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps. (扩展句1) After that, I set out to read widely for an inspiring topic, wrote a speech, and practiced its delivery in beautiful pronunciation with good public speech skills. (扩展句2) I finally came out of the contest as the first prize winner. (扩展句3)

本段通过a month before the event; after that; finally 等时间连接语按照时间的先后顺序记叙了参加英语口语竞赛时发生的事情, 从而告诉我们计划很重要但干事更重要的道理。

(2)举例法

有时候, 为了说明一个问题, 我们往往用具体的事例来加以说明。这种展开段落的方法叫做举例法。一般常把主题句放在段首, 用具体的事实和例子对其进行说明和阐述。例如:

Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite, which makes me free, excited and energetic. (主题句)When summer vacation for us students comes every year, we can do all that we can’t do during our school time, going shopping with friends, swimming in warm water and even hiking and camping in the deep valleys, all of which, I think, lead me to full freedom. (扩展句1)We can find us in an exciting world every day, with the sun shining brightly, trees growing better and flowers coming out with all kinds of colors. (扩展句2) Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to do the most difficult things in my life. (扩展句3)

(3)比较分析法

在描写或叙述两个或两个以上的事物时, 我们常用比较的方法, 这就是比较分析法。比较分析法是对两个或两个以上的事物的相同点和不同点进行比较和分析, 共同为说明主题句服务。例如:

Part-time jobs have both advantages and disadvantages for students. (主题句) Being able to earn money gives them a feeling that they have become adults, and therefore makes them feel more mature. (扩展句1) However, they might become money-oriented. (扩展句2) Part-time jobs in business can foster a sense of competition, which is very important for students in the future, but it may have a bad effect on their studies. (扩展句3)

4. 结尾句

并不是所有段落都需要一个结尾句(如记事的段落)。文章中间段落的结尾句也可以起承上启下的作用。结尾句可以照应开头, 也可以总结全文。总之, 不管用哪种方法, 结尾都要做到“收束全篇, 简洁有力, 自然新颖”。

　　请根据所学习的段落扩展方法, 根据下列提示写一篇短文, “你的美国朋友Jack想学习汉语, 你推荐他去孔子学院, 请写出你的推荐理由。”并在所写的段落中标出主题句、扩展句、结尾句。

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【参考范文】

Confucius Institute may be a good choice, which is intended for the Chinese learners who are not native. (主题句)First of all, Confucius Institute provides various interesting subjects, where you will learn Chinese history and traditional culture as well as Chinese writing. (扩展句1)What’s more, you have more chances to talk with classmates in Chinese. (扩展句2)Besides, teachers will introduce some Chinese traditional festivals, such as the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Day and the Mid-Autumn Day, during which some relevant activities will be held. (扩展句3)Therefore, Confucius Institute provides foreigners a good chance to get close to Chinese culture and have a good knowledge of Chinese life. (结尾句)