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2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习学案必修1课时提练1-2
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课时提能练(一)
必修 1 Unit 1 School life
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a nurse，she is experienced (experience) in looking after children.
2．I have_been__informed (inform)that they will marry next year.
3．Charities appealed for donations (donation) of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane.
4．It's too hard for me to__persuade (persuade) her to come with us tomorrow.
5．We are struggling to_change (change) human behaviour in ways that protect health.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite exciting experience.
exciting前加an
2．You're not going out until you had finished this.had→have
3．The moment he got into the room，and the telephone rang.去掉and
4．Look back on his childhood，he is full of mixed feelings.Look→Looking
5．I haven't seen Ann for such long a time that I have forgotten what she looks like.such→so
Ⅲ.语境语法填空
I was very pleased with the school hours in Britain.On the first day，all the students went 1.to_attend (attend)an assembly.During 2.the assembly，the headmaster told us that the 3.best(good)way to earn respect from school was to work hard and achieve high grades.In our class there 4.were(be)28 students.This is about the average size for British schools.I found the homework was not heavy，5.but it was a bit 6.challenging(challenge)for me at first because all the homework was in English.
My English 7.improved(improve)a lot as I used English every day and I also had an extra French class on Tuesday 8.evenings(evening)．British food is very different. They eat lots of dessert 9.after their main meal.I was very lucky to experience this 10.different(differ)way of life.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．从澳大利亚回来之后，他们和我们进行了经验交流。
They exchanged_experience_with_us after returning from Australia.
2．学生做的越多，他们就学到的越多。
The_more the students do，the_more they will learn.
3．这个厨房很小，我不必太费劲就可以保持它的清洁了。
It's such_a_tiny_kitchen/so_tiny_a_kitchen_that I don't have to do much to keep it clean.
4．听到这个噩耗，他母亲突然哭起来了。
Upon/On_hearing_the_bad_news，his mother burst into tears.
5．这个战士受了重伤，但最后还是挣扎着站了起来。
The soldier was wounded badly but he_struggled_to_his_feet at last.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·安徽省五校联盟第二次质检)We humans are addicted to sugar.That makes sense.All animals need sugar to live.It's the fuel that powers our cells.So it's not surprising that we're born to want the sweet stuff.
Sugar stores the sun's energy like a battery.After a meal，your body breaks down foods into their building blocks.It uses some sugar for energy right away.The rest get stored for the body to break down later.It's a myth that sugar makes you extremely excited，but having a sugary snack can give you a quick burst of energy.That's because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel.When you eat other kinds of foods，like vegetables，it takes longer for your body to break the sugar down.
These days it's easy to find sweet snacks.Sodas，candy，cakes and even foods that seem healthy，such as yogurt，can be packed with sugar.Food makers add sugar，because they know that to humans，sweet makes everything taste better.Americans eat about 20 teaspoons of extra sugar every day.That's way more than what is good for us.
Eating too much sugar can cause more than a stomachache.It can make people overweight，decay the teeth and even cause diabetes.However，experts aren't worried about naturally sweet foods—the problem is added sugar.So go ahead and enjoy sweet apples or even sugarrich carrots that are also full of vitamins and other good stuff.
Even cake is great once in a while，as long as you don't overdo it.After all，no one wants life to be dull.And your body needs its fuel!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出糖能给人体提供必需的能量，且易分解；虽然甜食尝起来可口，但是我们不要过多食用。
1．The first two paragraphs are mainly developed by ________.
A．cause and effect
B．problem and solution
C．giving examples
D．making comparisons
A [写作手法题。根据第一段尾句“So it's not surprising that we're born to want the sweet stuff”和第二段倒数第二句“That's because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel”，并结合第一、二段的内容可知，第一段解释了人天生需要糖的原因；第二段解释了甜食能快速补充能量的原因。据此可推知，第一、二段是通过解释因果的方法组织内容的。故A项正确。]
2．People may be tricked into eating too much sugar because ________.
A．no one wants life to be boring
B．we're born to want the sweet stuff
C．socalled healthy food can be packed with sugar
D．sugar is the fuel for the plants and animals on the earth
C [细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“These days it's easy to find sweet snacks.Sodas，candy，cakes and even foods that seem healthy，such as yogurt，can be packed with sugar”可知，甜食随处可见，即使是看起来健康的食品也会含有大量糖分，故人们会误食很多含糖食品。]
3．What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 4?
A．We'd better say no to sweet foods.
B．Experts are worried about added sugar.
C．Eating too much sugar is bad for our health.
D．We'd better consume sugar from natural sources.
D [推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段第一、二句介绍了食用过量的糖的害处；第三句说明专家对添加糖分的食品的担忧；第四句紧接着提出建议：吃富含糖但也富含维生素和其他有益成分的天然食物。据此可推知，该段旨在强调，我们最好食用天然食物来摄入糖分，故D项正确。]
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Sugar Is Everywhere
B．Sugar Brings Happiness
C．Why Do We Love Sugar?
D．Why Does Sugar Make Us Fat?
C [标题判断题。通读全文可知，糖能给人体提供必需的能量，且易分解，人天生需要糖分；虽然甜食尝起来可口，但是食用过量的糖有害人体健康，我们最好食用不但富含糖分，还含有维生素和其他有益成分的天然食物。故C项最适合作本文标题。]
B
(2019·江西省八所重点中学联考)Devon Gallagher，a college graduate from Philadelphia，wants the world to know exactly where she's been during her worldwide vacation in a special way.
The traveler，who was born with a bone disease，had her right leg amputated(截肢) at the age of four.Although the amputation caused setbacks for Gallagher early on，she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.
To spread that message，Gallagher has taken to social media，where she shares photos of her travels across the globe，but instead of simply using a geotag，she writes her location across her artificial leg before taking a picture.
Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent，which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam relaxing on a wall overlooking the city of Barcelona，posing with a waffle in Brussels，taking spectacular pictures in Athens and enjoying a river cruise in Budapest，all with the wellknown locations written on her artificial leg.
“I get a new leg every two years and I can choose the design on it.One day I had a sudden thought to get a chalkboard，” Gallagher said.“My mum and grandmother weren't too keen on the idea，but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it，so I did.”
Gallagher said people often stare when she's writing on her leg，but once she shares the photos，she receives only positive feedback.“My leg hasn't stopped me from doing anything I've wanted to do，” she said.“I don't know if it's my determination to prove to myself that I can do it，but regardless，I've been able to keep up with my peers and lead a pretty great life.”
Gallagher shows us that you should never let anything stand in the way of your dreams.And if life gives you an artificial leg，make art.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Devon Gallagher在四岁时因患骨科疾病右腿被截肢，但是这并没有影响她对梦想的追求。她到世界各地旅行，并将自己的旅行情况写在假肢上并拍照片发到社交媒体。她的故事告诉人们：不要让任何东西阻碍你追求梦想。
5．What message did Gallagher want to spread in her special way?
A．She enjoys her traveling across the globe.
B．She suffers little from her leg amputation.
C．She looks on her misfortune as another form of blessing.
D．She has exactly fallen in love with posting photos online.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Although the amputation caused setbacks for Gallagher early on，she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life”可知，虽然截肢在早期给Gallagher带来了挫折，但她现在认为这是对她过最好的生活的激励；并结合第三段可知，她想要传达的信息是她要将自己的不幸看作是另一种形式的幸运，故C项正确。]
6．What does the word “which” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The Continent.
B．The pictures.
C．The leg.
D．The locations.
B [代词指代题。根据第四段第一句中的“Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent，which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam”可知，现在，她正在欧洲大陆各地拍摄照片，照片中她骑着自行车穿过阿姆斯特丹的运河。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为pictures，which指代先行词，在从句中作主语，故B项正确。]
7．Gallagher can best be described as ________.
A．helpful and ambitious
B．friendly and generous
C．determined and creative
D．independent and sensible
C [推理判断题。通读全文可知，Devon Gallagher在四岁时因患骨科疾病右腿被截肢，但是这并没有影响她对梦想的追求；她到世界各地旅行，并将自己的旅行情况写在假肢上并拍照片发到社交媒体。据此可推知，Devon Gallagher有毅力而且有创造力，故C项正确。]
8．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．Never Too Late to Share
B．A Special Artificial Leg
C．An Outstanding Photographer
D．Gallagher's Summer Holidays
B [标题归纳题。根据文章尾句“And if life gives you an artificial leg，make art”并结合全文其他内容可知，文章主要讲述了Devon Gallagher虽然被截肢，但是这并没有影响她对梦想的追求，她到世界各地旅行，并将自己的旅行情况写在假肢上并拍照片发到社交媒体。故B项最适合作文章标题。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·大连市一模)In a study recently published in the journal Neuron，researchers found that super memorizers don't have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information.__1__.Here are a few of their favorite tricks that can help you to remember things in your everyday life.
To Remember: New words
Technique: Change routine
In a study，a group of students studied a list of words in two separate sessions. Some studied in a messy room and some in a neat space.One group of students spent both sessions in the same room，while the other split the sessions between the two environments.During a test，the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more.__2__.That includes the time of day，the music in the background，whether you sit or stand，etc.
To Remember: Your PIN
Technique: Count it out
You could use your birthday，or your phone number，but identity thieves have a way of figuring those numbers out.__3__.Write a fourword sentence，then count the number of letters in each word.For instance，“This is my PIN”＝4223.
To Remember: Faces
Technique: Focus on noses
While some super memorizers specialize in associating names with faces，the memory palace technique doesn't work as well if the image of the face is changed in any way.Rather than focusing on eyes，as most people do，focus on the centre or to the left of a person's nose.__4__.
To Remember: Facts & figures
Technique: __5__
To learn and remember statistics，reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one.If your exam is in a week，study today and then again in a day or two.If it's a month away，study today and then wait a week before your second session.
A．Value exams
B．Give yourself time
C．This allows you to take in their whole face
D．This brain structures are in fact the same as ours
E．Instead，try this tip from Dominic O'Brien，an eighttime World Memory Champion
F．The theory is that your brain links the words to the environment around you
G．Studies showed that varying other aspects of your environment can also help
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个有助于记忆的技巧。
1．D [根据上文中的“super memorizers don't have unusually large brain regions”可知，那些记忆达人并没有非常大的脑区域，他们的大脑结构实际上和我们的一样，故选D项。]
2．G [承接上文“During a test，the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more”，并与空后一句“That includes the time of day，the music in the background，whether you sit or stand，etc”呼应可知，其他环境变化的方面对记忆也是有帮助的，这与本段介绍的技巧Change routine吻合，故选G项。]
3．E [根据空前一句“You could use...figuring those numbers out”和空处下文的内容可知，空处推荐了一种不同的方法，这与第一段中效仿记忆达人的有效记忆策略呼应，故选E项。]
4．C [根据本段的记忆主题Faces和空前一句“Rather than focusing on eyes...a person's nose”可知，通过集中注意力于一个人的鼻子可以让你记住一个人的整个面孔，故选C项。]
5．B [根据该段第一句“To learn and remember statistics，reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one”，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，本段推荐的记忆技巧是给自己时间，故选B项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·重庆市七校联考)Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii.I hate to go to the beaches on 1.________(sun)weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand，cigarette butts(烟头) 2.________ (bury)in the sand，and soda cans floating in the ocean.
One thing that really annoys me is that I see 3.________(tour)who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches.I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the place 4.________ it should stay—the trash can.Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish 5.________ pretend that it's not there.
The dogs or the fish are not blame 6.________ it.It's our fault and we must blame 7.________ (we)．Everyone has to do his or her part 8.________(solve)this problem. It can't be difficult to do the job.There are a lot of things that we can do.First of all，we can help pick up rubbish along the beaches.We could also from organizations that help clean up our beaches.More 9.________ (important)，we need to start now before the beaches 10.________(damage) beyond repair.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讨论了海滩污染的问题。
1．sunny [考查词形转换。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词sunny修饰其后的名词weekends。]
2．buried [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，bury和其逻辑主语cigarette butts 构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语。]
3．tourists [考查词形转换。结合定语从句的关系词who可知，此处的先行词为表示人的名词，且定语从句中的谓语动词为复数，故用名词复数形式。]
4．where [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the place，故填where。]
5．but [考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。]
6．for [考查介词。此处考查固定词组be to blame for sth.“对某事负有责任”，故用介词for。]
7．ourselves [考查代词。与句子主语we呼应，此处应用反身代词ourselves作动词blame的宾语。]
8．to solve [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，表目的。]
9．importantly [考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词importantly，修饰整个句子。]
10．are damaged [考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知， damage和主语the beaches之间是被动关系，根据该句中的“need”可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。]
课时提能练(二)
必修 1 Unit 1 School life
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
Li Ming，1.who is a university graduate，can speak English 2.fluently (fluent)．Since 3.graduation (graduate)，he has been in charge of a big company. Though his work is 4.challenging (challenge)，he does it very well.He has earned a lot of money，some of which 5.has_been_donated(donate) to charities.Therefore，he has won respect 6.of his colleagues.
B
Going to a British high school for one year was a very 1.enjoyable(enjoy) and exciting experience for me.On the first day，all of the new students attended 2.an assembly; the headmaster told us that the best way 3.to_earn(earn) respect from the school was to devote ourselves 4.to study and achieve high grades.I found the homework was not as heavy as 5.what I used to get in my old school，but it was a bit 6.challenging (challenge) for me at first because all the homework was in English.I felt lucky 7.as/because all my teachers were very friendly.My English 8.improved(improve) a lot as I used it every day.
Ⅱ.语境短文改错
根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Dear Miss Wang，
We have a radio club in our school，that is run by the students.I am luckily as I am in the charge of it.It started two years before.There are a variety of programmes，included the weather，recent news and so on.During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things what they should do for preparation.At the end of the school year，many students who are graduating uses our club to give message to their close friends and teachers.When parents come to visit the school，we often play some songs singing by students.I believe I would miss the radio club after graduation.
[答案]
Dear Miss Wang，
We have a radio club in our school， is run by the students.I am as I am in the charge of it.It started two years .There are a variety of programmes， the weather，recent news and so on.During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things they should do for preparation.At the end of the school year，many students who are graduating our club to give to their close friends and teachers.When parents come to visit the school，we often play some songs by students.I believe I miss the radio club after graduation.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．承蒙邀请参会，我十分荣幸。(it...to do)
It_is_a_great_honour for me to be invited to the meeting.
2．一听到这个消息，她就放声大哭起来。(on/upon doing)
On/Upon_hearing_the_news，she burst into tears.
3．这个超级明星那么平易近人以至于她与粉丝相处得很好。(so...that)
This superstar is_so_easygoing_that she can get along well with her fans.
4．我告诉母亲我不想继续上学，但是母亲不同意我的想法。(approve of)
I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn't_approve_of_my_idea.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·安徽省示范高中模拟)“Joe? Is that you？” The woman speaking to me at the baseball game looked a little familiar.“Marci？” I asked.“It is you！”she cried out，smiling broadly.“It's good to see you again！”
It was good to see Marci，too.Off and on during the past few decades，I've wondered about her.I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci.So meeting her at the baseball game was really a surprise.
We spent a few minutes talking about our lives—the good old，bad old days.Then Marci grew quiet for a moment.“You know，Joe，” she said，“I've always wanted to tell you how...how...sorry I am for the way I treated you.You must have been hurt both physically and mentally.”I was a little embarrassed.I turned and looked at her.“It's OK，” I said，“No big deal！” “But I was such a jerk，” she continued.Yes you were，I thought.“We were both pretty young，” I smiled，“I know，” she said.“It's just always bothered me，remembering how mean I was to you.And I've wanted to tell you that I'm sorry.” The expression on her face was warm and sincere.And there was something in her eyes—it looked a lot like relief.“OK，” I said.“Apology accepted！” Overcome by the sweetness of the moment，I reached an arm around her and gave her a quick hug.Just then，the crowd erupted with a huge cheer，and Marci and I both returned our attention to the game.By the time I looked over to where she had been，she was gone.But the warm，wonderful feeling of our brief exchange was still there，and continues to this day whenever I think about it.
It isn't enough to just say “I'm sorry” and “You're forgiven”．But when those words are truly felt and sincerely expressed，they can open the door to miracles of the heart.Forgiveness can bring peace to an injured soul—even years after the fact.Even at a baseball game.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在棒球赛场见到了多年未见的朋友Marci。她见到“我”后为以前那样对待“我”向“我”真诚地道歉，“我”立刻原谅了她，之后我们都感觉到温暖和愉快。
1．What kind of life did Marci live during the late 20th century according to the passage?
A．Happy. B．Busy.
C．Hard. D．Simple.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci”可知，在20世纪90年代Marci生活得很艰难，故C项正确。]
2．What does the underlined word “jerk” in the third paragraph mean?
A．A humorous person.
B．A cruel person.
C．A careless person.
D．An honest person.
B [词义猜测题。根据画线词下文中的“It's just always bothered me，remembering how mean I was to you”可知，当时她对“我”很刻薄，这件事一直困扰着她，再结合画线词所在句可知，她认为她是一个刻薄的人；据此可知，画线词与B项含义相近，故B项正确。]
3．Why did Marci look in relief after talking with the author?
A．Because her favorite team won the game.
B．Because she learned Joe was living a good life.
C．Because she made an apology to the author.
D．Because she found she was not mean any longer.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘And I've wanted to tell you that I'm sorry.’ The expression on her face was warm and sincere.And there was something in her eyes—it looked a lot like relief”可知，由于Marci向我真诚地道了歉，所以她的眼里露出了轻松，故C项正确。]
4．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Excitement of a Baseball Game.
B．Mental Burden of a Woman.
C．Miracles of Forgiveness.
D．Relief of Finding a Friend.
C [标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章最后两句为全文的主题句；结合全文内容可知，本文通过讲述“我”接受朋友Marci的真诚道歉，体会到原谅可以抚慰受伤的心灵的故事，说明了原谅创造的奇迹，故C项最适合作为本文标题。]
B
(2019·贵阳市普通高中第一学期监测)You try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye.But in fact，humans blink about 15 times per minute on average.Have you ever missed anything because you blinked? Probably not.Why is that?
According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September，our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.
In order to understand how this works，a group of scientists at the German Primate Center and the University Medical Center Gottingen in Germany conducted an experiment.In the study，the participants were asked to look at patterns on a screen whose direction could be interpreted in different ways，such as horizontally(水平地) or vertically(垂直地)．When one pattern was about to disappear and the next one was about to come，the participants had to indicate the direction that the next pattern would appear.
The researchers found that when the directions of two patterns didn't match，the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated.This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.
“The medial prefrontal cortex(额叶皮层) adjusts current visual information with previously obtained information，and thus enables us to perceive the world with more stability，even when we briefly close our eyes to blink，” Caspar Schwiedrzik explained in Science Daily.He is the first author of the study and also a scientist at the German Primate Center.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，眨眼并不会错过细节并解释了其原因。
5．We don't miss anything when blinking because our brain can ________.
A．deal with the missing image
B．remember all that we see
C．imagine what our eyes miss
D．put our pieces of memory together
A [推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September，our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.”可知，根据九月份发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项新研究，我们的大脑有能力跳过我们眨眼时形成的暂时黑暗。据此可推知，由于我们的大脑能处理丢失的图像，所以眨眼不会让我们错过任何东西，故A项正确。]
6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Our brain.
B．Visual information.
C．Current Biology.
D．The temporary darkness.
B [代词指代题。根据第二段第二句“It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption”可知，大脑可以在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像，故可推知，it指代上文中的“visual information”，故B项正确。]
7．What do we know about the experiment?
A．The two patterns appear at the same time.
B．Visual memory can be more activated by similarity.
C．Participants can interpret patterns differently.
D．The different directions activated visual memory.
D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when the directions of two patterns didn't match，the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated.This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction”可知，当两个模式的方向不一致时，则掌握视觉记忆的大脑区域被激活；当两种模式在同一方向时，则这个区域显示出较少的活动。据此可知，不同的方向能激活视觉记忆，故D项正确。]
8．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Brain's Structure
B．The Brain's Activated Patterns
C．The Brain's Special Skill
D．The Brain's Orientation
C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，一项科学研究发现：眨眼不会错过细节，即大脑有能力在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像信息。故C项最适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·合肥市第一次教学质量检测)Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship.But just before junior year，Greenberg's __1__ changed.One day his vision “__2__ up” and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)．Then doctors operated on Greenberg's eyes.__3__， the surgery didn't work.Greenberg was going blind.He was so __4__ that he refused to see anyone.
As Greenberg's best friend，Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia University and __5__ to be his “reader”．Arthur read __6__ to him every day，taking time out from his own study，and Greenberg __7__ scoring straight A's.Still，he was __8__ about getting alone and relied on his friend.
Then，one afternoon，Greenberg and Arthur went to Midtown Manhattan.When it was time to go back to campus，Arthur said he couldn't __9__ him because of an appointment.Greenberg __10__.They argued，and Arthur walked off，__11__ Greenberg alone in Grand Central Terminal.Greenberg，who was completely __12__， stumbled(蹒跚而行) through the rushhour crowd.He took a shuttle train west to Times Square，and then transferred to an uptown train.Four miles later，he __13__ at the Columbia University stop.
At the gate of the university，someone __14__ him.“Oops，excuse me，sir.” Greenberg __15__ the voice.It was Arthur's.Greenberg's first reaction was __16__， but in the next second，he realized what he had just __17__ and realized，too，who had made it possible.__18__， Arthur had been with him the whole day，using one of the most __19__ strategies.
Blindness doesn't make Greenberg fail to appreciate the __20__ of life.He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.
【语篇解读】 Greenberg是哥伦比亚大学的一名优秀学生，因患青光眼而失明，不愿见任何人。幸运的是，在好朋友Arthur的帮助下，他克服了困难，重新找到了生活的美好。
1．A.faith B．attitude
C．fortune D．reputation
C [根据空前一句“Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship”和空后一句中的“he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，此处表示Greenberg的命运(fortune)发生了变化。故正确答案为C。]
2．A.lit B．steamed
C．cleared D．cheered
B [根据空后的“and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，一天，他的视力变得模糊。故正确答案为B。]
3．A.Otherwise B．Moreover
C．Therefore D．However
D [根据空前一句“Then doctors operated on Greenberg's eyes”和空后的“the surgery didn't work”可知，前后句是转折关系。However “但是，然而”符合语境。]
4．A.shy B．desperate
C．selfish D．nervous
B [根据空前一句“Greenberg was going blind”可知，他是如此绝望(desperate)以至于拒绝见任何人。故正确答案为B。]
5．A.offered B．pretended
C．happened D．learned
A [根据下文“Arthur read ________ to him every day，taking time out from his own study”可知，Arthur说服Greenberg回到哥伦比亚大学，并主动提出(offered)成为他的“阅读器”。故正确答案为A。]
6．A.letters B．newspapers
C．textbooks D．magazines
C [根据下文“Greenberg ________ scoring straight A's”并结合语境可推知，Arthur应该是给Greenberg读课本(textbooks)。故正确答案为C。]
7．A.ended up B．carried on
C．imagined D．considered
A [根据语境可知，在Arthur的帮助下，Greenberg最终取得了全优的成绩。end up“最终处于” 符合语境。故正确答案为A。]
8．A.curious B．confident
C．excited D．tentative
D [根据本句中的“Still”以及空后的“relied on his friend”可推知，他对独处感到犹豫。tentative“犹豫的”符合语境，故正确答案为D。]
9．A.abandon B．rescue
C．comfort D．accompany
D [根据空后的“because of an appointment”可知，Arthur因为有约会而无法陪同(accompany)他。故正确答案为D。]
10．A.compromised B．panicked
C．explained D．apologized
B [根据语境可知，Greenberg还没有做好独处的准备，当Arthur无法陪同他时，他感到惊慌失措。故正确答案为B。]
11．A.leaving B．finding
C．consulting D．serving
A [根据空前的“Arthur walked off”可知，Arthur把Greenberg独自留在(leaving)纽约中央车站。故正确答案为A。]
12．A.tired B．amused
C．confused D．satisfied
C [根据语境并结合选项可知，对于Arthur将他独自留下，他感到很困惑。confused“困惑的，糊涂的”符合语境。故正确答案为C。]
13．A.got off B．pulled over
C．looked around D．ran away
A [根据空后的“at the Columbia University stop”可推知，Greenberg在哥伦比亚大学站下了车。故正确答案为A。]
14．A.turned to B．shouted at
C．knocked into D．quarreled with
C [根据下文中的“Oops，excuse me，sir”可推知，有人撞(knocked into)到了Greenberg。故正确答案为C。]
15．A.raised B．lost
C．controlled D．recognized
D [根据下文中的“It was Arthur's”可知，Greenberg认出(recognized)了Arthur的声音。故正确答案为D。]
16．A.anger B．pleasure
C．relief D．sorrow
A [根据语境可知，Arthur之前将他独自留下，现在又撞到了他，Greenberg第一反应应是愤怒(anger)。故正确答案为A。]
17．A.missed B．questioned
C．ignored D．achieved
D [根据空后的“and realized，too，who had made it possible”可知，Greenberg意识到他这次能独自回到学校而不用依靠Arthur，这是之前他一直犹豫而没敢去做的事情。故正确答案为D。]
18．A.Gradually B．Finally
C．Obviously D．Strangely
C [根据空后的“Arthur had been with him the whole day，using one of the most ________ strategies”可推知，很明显(Obviously)，Arthur 一整天都和他在一起，用一种最巧妙的(brilliant)计策。故正确答案为C。]
19．A.brilliant B．familiar
C．defensive D．complex
A [参见上题解析。]
20．A.magic B．beauty
C．wisdom D．truth
B [根据全文内容以及空后一句“He always says he is the luckiest man in the world”可知，失明也未能阻止Greenberg欣赏生活的美好(beauty)。故正确答案为B。]
必修 1 Unit 1 School life
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a nurse，she is experienced (experience) in looking after children.
2．I have_been__informed (inform)that they will marry next year.
3．Charities appealed for donations (donation) of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane.
4．It's too hard for me to__persuade (persuade) her to come with us tomorrow.
5．We are struggling to_change (change) human behaviour in ways that protect health.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite exciting experience.
exciting前加an
2．You're not going out until you had finished this.had→have
3．The moment he got into the room，and the telephone rang.去掉and
4．Look back on his childhood，he is full of mixed feelings.Look→Looking
5．I haven't seen Ann for such long a time that I have forgotten what she looks like.such→so
Ⅲ.语境语法填空
I was very pleased with the school hours in Britain.On the first day，all the students went 1.to_attend (attend)an assembly.During 2.the assembly，the headmaster told us that the 3.best(good)way to earn respect from school was to work hard and achieve high grades.In our class there 4.were(be)28 students.This is about the average size for British schools.I found the homework was not heavy，5.but it was a bit 6.challenging(challenge)for me at first because all the homework was in English.
My English 7.improved(improve)a lot as I used English every day and I also had an extra French class on Tuesday 8.evenings(evening)．British food is very different. They eat lots of dessert 9.after their main meal.I was very lucky to experience this 10.different(differ)way of life.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．从澳大利亚回来之后，他们和我们进行了经验交流。
They exchanged_experience_with_us after returning from Australia.
2．学生做的越多，他们就学到的越多。
The_more the students do，the_more they will learn.
3．这个厨房很小，我不必太费劲就可以保持它的清洁了。
It's such_a_tiny_kitchen/so_tiny_a_kitchen_that I don't have to do much to keep it clean.
4．听到这个噩耗，他母亲突然哭起来了。
Upon/On_hearing_the_bad_news，his mother burst into tears.
5．这个战士受了重伤，但最后还是挣扎着站了起来。
The soldier was wounded badly but he_struggled_to_his_feet at last.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·安徽省五校联盟第二次质检)We humans are addicted to sugar.That makes sense.All animals need sugar to live.It's the fuel that powers our cells.So it's not surprising that we're born to want the sweet stuff.
Sugar stores the sun's energy like a battery.After a meal，your body breaks down foods into their building blocks.It uses some sugar for energy right away.The rest get stored for the body to break down later.It's a myth that sugar makes you extremely excited，but having a sugary snack can give you a quick burst of energy.That's because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel.When you eat other kinds of foods，like vegetables，it takes longer for your body to break the sugar down.
These days it's easy to find sweet snacks.Sodas，candy，cakes and even foods that seem healthy，such as yogurt，can be packed with sugar.Food makers add sugar，because they know that to humans，sweet makes everything taste better.Americans eat about 20 teaspoons of extra sugar every day.That's way more than what is good for us.
Eating too much sugar can cause more than a stomachache.It can make people overweight，decay the teeth and even cause diabetes.However，experts aren't worried about naturally sweet foods—the problem is added sugar.So go ahead and enjoy sweet apples or even sugarrich carrots that are also full of vitamins and other good stuff.
Even cake is great once in a while，as long as you don't overdo it.After all，no one wants life to be dull.And your body needs its fuel!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出糖能给人体提供必需的能量，且易分解；虽然甜食尝起来可口，但是我们不要过多食用。
1．The first two paragraphs are mainly developed by ________.
A．cause and effect
B．problem and solution
C．giving examples
D．making comparisons
A [写作手法题。根据第一段尾句“So it's not surprising that we're born to want the sweet stuff”和第二段倒数第二句“That's because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel”，并结合第一、二段的内容可知，第一段解释了人天生需要糖的原因；第二段解释了甜食能快速补充能量的原因。据此可推知，第一、二段是通过解释因果的方法组织内容的。故A项正确。]
2．People may be tricked into eating too much sugar because ________.
A．no one wants life to be boring
B．we're born to want the sweet stuff
C．socalled healthy food can be packed with sugar
D．sugar is the fuel for the plants and animals on the earth
C [细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“These days it's easy to find sweet snacks.Sodas，candy，cakes and even foods that seem healthy，such as yogurt，can be packed with sugar”可知，甜食随处可见，即使是看起来健康的食品也会含有大量糖分，故人们会误食很多含糖食品。]
3．What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 4?
A．We'd better say no to sweet foods.
B．Experts are worried about added sugar.
C．Eating too much sugar is bad for our health.
D．We'd better consume sugar from natural sources.
D [推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段第一、二句介绍了食用过量的糖的害处；第三句说明专家对添加糖分的食品的担忧；第四句紧接着提出建议：吃富含糖但也富含维生素和其他有益成分的天然食物。据此可推知，该段旨在强调，我们最好食用天然食物来摄入糖分，故D项正确。]
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Sugar Is Everywhere
B．Sugar Brings Happiness
C．Why Do We Love Sugar?
D．Why Does Sugar Make Us Fat?
C [标题判断题。通读全文可知，糖能给人体提供必需的能量，且易分解，人天生需要糖分；虽然甜食尝起来可口，但是食用过量的糖有害人体健康，我们最好食用不但富含糖分，还含有维生素和其他有益成分的天然食物。故C项最适合作本文标题。]
B
(2019·江西省八所重点中学联考)Devon Gallagher，a college graduate from Philadelphia，wants the world to know exactly where she's been during her worldwide vacation in a special way.
The traveler，who was born with a bone disease，had her right leg amputated(截肢) at the age of four.Although the amputation caused setbacks for Gallagher early on，she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.
To spread that message，Gallagher has taken to social media，where she shares photos of her travels across the globe，but instead of simply using a geotag，she writes her location across her artificial leg before taking a picture.
Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent，which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam relaxing on a wall overlooking the city of Barcelona，posing with a waffle in Brussels，taking spectacular pictures in Athens and enjoying a river cruise in Budapest，all with the wellknown locations written on her artificial leg.
“I get a new leg every two years and I can choose the design on it.One day I had a sudden thought to get a chalkboard，” Gallagher said.“My mum and grandmother weren't too keen on the idea，but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it，so I did.”
Gallagher said people often stare when she's writing on her leg，but once she shares the photos，she receives only positive feedback.“My leg hasn't stopped me from doing anything I've wanted to do，” she said.“I don't know if it's my determination to prove to myself that I can do it，but regardless，I've been able to keep up with my peers and lead a pretty great life.”
Gallagher shows us that you should never let anything stand in the way of your dreams.And if life gives you an artificial leg，make art.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Devon Gallagher在四岁时因患骨科疾病右腿被截肢，但是这并没有影响她对梦想的追求。她到世界各地旅行，并将自己的旅行情况写在假肢上并拍照片发到社交媒体。她的故事告诉人们：不要让任何东西阻碍你追求梦想。
5．What message did Gallagher want to spread in her special way?
A．She enjoys her traveling across the globe.
B．She suffers little from her leg amputation.
C．She looks on her misfortune as another form of blessing.
D．She has exactly fallen in love with posting photos online.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Although the amputation caused setbacks for Gallagher early on，she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life”可知，虽然截肢在早期给Gallagher带来了挫折，但她现在认为这是对她过最好的生活的激励；并结合第三段可知，她想要传达的信息是她要将自己的不幸看作是另一种形式的幸运，故C项正确。]
6．What does the word “which” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The Continent.
B．The pictures.
C．The leg.
D．The locations.
B [代词指代题。根据第四段第一句中的“Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent，which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam”可知，现在，她正在欧洲大陆各地拍摄照片，照片中她骑着自行车穿过阿姆斯特丹的运河。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为pictures，which指代先行词，在从句中作主语，故B项正确。]
7．Gallagher can best be described as ________.
A．helpful and ambitious
B．friendly and generous
C．determined and creative
D．independent and sensible
C [推理判断题。通读全文可知，Devon Gallagher在四岁时因患骨科疾病右腿被截肢，但是这并没有影响她对梦想的追求；她到世界各地旅行，并将自己的旅行情况写在假肢上并拍照片发到社交媒体。据此可推知，Devon Gallagher有毅力而且有创造力，故C项正确。]
8．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．Never Too Late to Share
B．A Special Artificial Leg
C．An Outstanding Photographer
D．Gallagher's Summer Holidays
B [标题归纳题。根据文章尾句“And if life gives you an artificial leg，make art”并结合全文其他内容可知，文章主要讲述了Devon Gallagher虽然被截肢，但是这并没有影响她对梦想的追求，她到世界各地旅行，并将自己的旅行情况写在假肢上并拍照片发到社交媒体。故B项最适合作文章标题。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·大连市一模)In a study recently published in the journal Neuron，researchers found that super memorizers don't have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information.__1__.Here are a few of their favorite tricks that can help you to remember things in your everyday life.
To Remember: New words
Technique: Change routine
In a study，a group of students studied a list of words in two separate sessions. Some studied in a messy room and some in a neat space.One group of students spent both sessions in the same room，while the other split the sessions between the two environments.During a test，the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more.__2__.That includes the time of day，the music in the background，whether you sit or stand，etc.
To Remember: Your PIN
Technique: Count it out
You could use your birthday，or your phone number，but identity thieves have a way of figuring those numbers out.__3__.Write a fourword sentence，then count the number of letters in each word.For instance，“This is my PIN”＝4223.
To Remember: Faces
Technique: Focus on noses
While some super memorizers specialize in associating names with faces，the memory palace technique doesn't work as well if the image of the face is changed in any way.Rather than focusing on eyes，as most people do，focus on the centre or to the left of a person's nose.__4__.
To Remember: Facts & figures
Technique: __5__
To learn and remember statistics，reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one.If your exam is in a week，study today and then again in a day or two.If it's a month away，study today and then wait a week before your second session.
A．Value exams
B．Give yourself time
C．This allows you to take in their whole face
D．This brain structures are in fact the same as ours
E．Instead，try this tip from Dominic O'Brien，an eighttime World Memory Champion
F．The theory is that your brain links the words to the environment around you
G．Studies showed that varying other aspects of your environment can also help
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个有助于记忆的技巧。
1．D [根据上文中的“super memorizers don't have unusually large brain regions”可知，那些记忆达人并没有非常大的脑区域，他们的大脑结构实际上和我们的一样，故选D项。]
2．G [承接上文“During a test，the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more”，并与空后一句“That includes the time of day，the music in the background，whether you sit or stand，etc”呼应可知，其他环境变化的方面对记忆也是有帮助的，这与本段介绍的技巧Change routine吻合，故选G项。]
3．E [根据空前一句“You could use...figuring those numbers out”和空处下文的内容可知，空处推荐了一种不同的方法，这与第一段中效仿记忆达人的有效记忆策略呼应，故选E项。]
4．C [根据本段的记忆主题Faces和空前一句“Rather than focusing on eyes...a person's nose”可知，通过集中注意力于一个人的鼻子可以让你记住一个人的整个面孔，故选C项。]
5．B [根据该段第一句“To learn and remember statistics，reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one”，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，本段推荐的记忆技巧是给自己时间，故选B项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·重庆市七校联考)Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii.I hate to go to the beaches on 1.________(sun)weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand，cigarette butts(烟头) 2.________ (bury)in the sand，and soda cans floating in the ocean.
One thing that really annoys me is that I see 3.________(tour)who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches.I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the place 4.________ it should stay—the trash can.Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish 5.________ pretend that it's not there.
The dogs or the fish are not blame 6.________ it.It's our fault and we must blame 7.________ (we)．Everyone has to do his or her part 8.________(solve)this problem. It can't be difficult to do the job.There are a lot of things that we can do.First of all，we can help pick up rubbish along the beaches.We could also from organizations that help clean up our beaches.More 9.________ (important)，we need to start now before the beaches 10.________(damage) beyond repair.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讨论了海滩污染的问题。
1．sunny [考查词形转换。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词sunny修饰其后的名词weekends。]
2．buried [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，bury和其逻辑主语cigarette butts 构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语。]
3．tourists [考查词形转换。结合定语从句的关系词who可知，此处的先行词为表示人的名词，且定语从句中的谓语动词为复数，故用名词复数形式。]
4．where [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the place，故填where。]
5．but [考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。]
6．for [考查介词。此处考查固定词组be to blame for sth.“对某事负有责任”，故用介词for。]
7．ourselves [考查代词。与句子主语we呼应，此处应用反身代词ourselves作动词blame的宾语。]
8．to solve [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，表目的。]
9．importantly [考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词importantly，修饰整个句子。]
10．are damaged [考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知， damage和主语the beaches之间是被动关系，根据该句中的“need”可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。]
课时提能练(二)
必修 1 Unit 1 School life
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
Li Ming，1.who is a university graduate，can speak English 2.fluently (fluent)．Since 3.graduation (graduate)，he has been in charge of a big company. Though his work is 4.challenging (challenge)，he does it very well.He has earned a lot of money，some of which 5.has_been_donated(donate) to charities.Therefore，he has won respect 6.of his colleagues.
B
Going to a British high school for one year was a very 1.enjoyable(enjoy) and exciting experience for me.On the first day，all of the new students attended 2.an assembly; the headmaster told us that the best way 3.to_earn(earn) respect from the school was to devote ourselves 4.to study and achieve high grades.I found the homework was not as heavy as 5.what I used to get in my old school，but it was a bit 6.challenging (challenge) for me at first because all the homework was in English.I felt lucky 7.as/because all my teachers were very friendly.My English 8.improved(improve) a lot as I used it every day.
Ⅱ.语境短文改错
根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Dear Miss Wang，
We have a radio club in our school，that is run by the students.I am luckily as I am in the charge of it.It started two years before.There are a variety of programmes，included the weather，recent news and so on.During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things what they should do for preparation.At the end of the school year，many students who are graduating uses our club to give message to their close friends and teachers.When parents come to visit the school，we often play some songs singing by students.I believe I would miss the radio club after graduation.
[答案]
Dear Miss Wang，
We have a radio club in our school， is run by the students.I am as I am in the charge of it.It started two years .There are a variety of programmes， the weather，recent news and so on.During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things they should do for preparation.At the end of the school year，many students who are graduating our club to give to their close friends and teachers.When parents come to visit the school，we often play some songs by students.I believe I miss the radio club after graduation.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．承蒙邀请参会，我十分荣幸。(it...to do)
It_is_a_great_honour for me to be invited to the meeting.
2．一听到这个消息，她就放声大哭起来。(on/upon doing)
On/Upon_hearing_the_news，she burst into tears.
3．这个超级明星那么平易近人以至于她与粉丝相处得很好。(so...that)
This superstar is_so_easygoing_that she can get along well with her fans.
4．我告诉母亲我不想继续上学，但是母亲不同意我的想法。(approve of)
I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn't_approve_of_my_idea.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·安徽省示范高中模拟)“Joe? Is that you？” The woman speaking to me at the baseball game looked a little familiar.“Marci？” I asked.“It is you！”she cried out，smiling broadly.“It's good to see you again！”
It was good to see Marci，too.Off and on during the past few decades，I've wondered about her.I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci.So meeting her at the baseball game was really a surprise.
We spent a few minutes talking about our lives—the good old，bad old days.Then Marci grew quiet for a moment.“You know，Joe，” she said，“I've always wanted to tell you how...how...sorry I am for the way I treated you.You must have been hurt both physically and mentally.”I was a little embarrassed.I turned and looked at her.“It's OK，” I said，“No big deal！” “But I was such a jerk，” she continued.Yes you were，I thought.“We were both pretty young，” I smiled，“I know，” she said.“It's just always bothered me，remembering how mean I was to you.And I've wanted to tell you that I'm sorry.” The expression on her face was warm and sincere.And there was something in her eyes—it looked a lot like relief.“OK，” I said.“Apology accepted！” Overcome by the sweetness of the moment，I reached an arm around her and gave her a quick hug.Just then，the crowd erupted with a huge cheer，and Marci and I both returned our attention to the game.By the time I looked over to where she had been，she was gone.But the warm，wonderful feeling of our brief exchange was still there，and continues to this day whenever I think about it.
It isn't enough to just say “I'm sorry” and “You're forgiven”．But when those words are truly felt and sincerely expressed，they can open the door to miracles of the heart.Forgiveness can bring peace to an injured soul—even years after the fact.Even at a baseball game.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在棒球赛场见到了多年未见的朋友Marci。她见到“我”后为以前那样对待“我”向“我”真诚地道歉，“我”立刻原谅了她，之后我们都感觉到温暖和愉快。
1．What kind of life did Marci live during the late 20th century according to the passage?
A．Happy. B．Busy.
C．Hard. D．Simple.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci”可知，在20世纪90年代Marci生活得很艰难，故C项正确。]
2．What does the underlined word “jerk” in the third paragraph mean?
A．A humorous person.
B．A cruel person.
C．A careless person.
D．An honest person.
B [词义猜测题。根据画线词下文中的“It's just always bothered me，remembering how mean I was to you”可知，当时她对“我”很刻薄，这件事一直困扰着她，再结合画线词所在句可知，她认为她是一个刻薄的人；据此可知，画线词与B项含义相近，故B项正确。]
3．Why did Marci look in relief after talking with the author?
A．Because her favorite team won the game.
B．Because she learned Joe was living a good life.
C．Because she made an apology to the author.
D．Because she found she was not mean any longer.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘And I've wanted to tell you that I'm sorry.’ The expression on her face was warm and sincere.And there was something in her eyes—it looked a lot like relief”可知，由于Marci向我真诚地道了歉，所以她的眼里露出了轻松，故C项正确。]
4．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Excitement of a Baseball Game.
B．Mental Burden of a Woman.
C．Miracles of Forgiveness.
D．Relief of Finding a Friend.
C [标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章最后两句为全文的主题句；结合全文内容可知，本文通过讲述“我”接受朋友Marci的真诚道歉，体会到原谅可以抚慰受伤的心灵的故事，说明了原谅创造的奇迹，故C项最适合作为本文标题。]
B
(2019·贵阳市普通高中第一学期监测)You try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye.But in fact，humans blink about 15 times per minute on average.Have you ever missed anything because you blinked? Probably not.Why is that?
According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September，our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.
In order to understand how this works，a group of scientists at the German Primate Center and the University Medical Center Gottingen in Germany conducted an experiment.In the study，the participants were asked to look at patterns on a screen whose direction could be interpreted in different ways，such as horizontally(水平地) or vertically(垂直地)．When one pattern was about to disappear and the next one was about to come，the participants had to indicate the direction that the next pattern would appear.
The researchers found that when the directions of two patterns didn't match，the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated.This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.
“The medial prefrontal cortex(额叶皮层) adjusts current visual information with previously obtained information，and thus enables us to perceive the world with more stability，even when we briefly close our eyes to blink，” Caspar Schwiedrzik explained in Science Daily.He is the first author of the study and also a scientist at the German Primate Center.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，眨眼并不会错过细节并解释了其原因。
5．We don't miss anything when blinking because our brain can ________.
A．deal with the missing image
B．remember all that we see
C．imagine what our eyes miss
D．put our pieces of memory together
A [推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September，our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.”可知，根据九月份发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项新研究，我们的大脑有能力跳过我们眨眼时形成的暂时黑暗。据此可推知，由于我们的大脑能处理丢失的图像，所以眨眼不会让我们错过任何东西，故A项正确。]
6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Our brain.
B．Visual information.
C．Current Biology.
D．The temporary darkness.
B [代词指代题。根据第二段第二句“It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption”可知，大脑可以在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像，故可推知，it指代上文中的“visual information”，故B项正确。]
7．What do we know about the experiment?
A．The two patterns appear at the same time.
B．Visual memory can be more activated by similarity.
C．Participants can interpret patterns differently.
D．The different directions activated visual memory.
D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when the directions of two patterns didn't match，the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated.This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction”可知，当两个模式的方向不一致时，则掌握视觉记忆的大脑区域被激活；当两种模式在同一方向时，则这个区域显示出较少的活动。据此可知，不同的方向能激活视觉记忆，故D项正确。]
8．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Brain's Structure
B．The Brain's Activated Patterns
C．The Brain's Special Skill
D．The Brain's Orientation
C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，一项科学研究发现：眨眼不会错过细节，即大脑有能力在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像信息。故C项最适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·合肥市第一次教学质量检测)Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship.But just before junior year，Greenberg's __1__ changed.One day his vision “__2__ up” and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)．Then doctors operated on Greenberg's eyes.__3__， the surgery didn't work.Greenberg was going blind.He was so __4__ that he refused to see anyone.
As Greenberg's best friend，Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia University and __5__ to be his “reader”．Arthur read __6__ to him every day，taking time out from his own study，and Greenberg __7__ scoring straight A's.Still，he was __8__ about getting alone and relied on his friend.
Then，one afternoon，Greenberg and Arthur went to Midtown Manhattan.When it was time to go back to campus，Arthur said he couldn't __9__ him because of an appointment.Greenberg __10__.They argued，and Arthur walked off，__11__ Greenberg alone in Grand Central Terminal.Greenberg，who was completely __12__， stumbled(蹒跚而行) through the rushhour crowd.He took a shuttle train west to Times Square，and then transferred to an uptown train.Four miles later，he __13__ at the Columbia University stop.
At the gate of the university，someone __14__ him.“Oops，excuse me，sir.” Greenberg __15__ the voice.It was Arthur's.Greenberg's first reaction was __16__， but in the next second，he realized what he had just __17__ and realized，too，who had made it possible.__18__， Arthur had been with him the whole day，using one of the most __19__ strategies.
Blindness doesn't make Greenberg fail to appreciate the __20__ of life.He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.
【语篇解读】 Greenberg是哥伦比亚大学的一名优秀学生，因患青光眼而失明，不愿见任何人。幸运的是，在好朋友Arthur的帮助下，他克服了困难，重新找到了生活的美好。
1．A.faith B．attitude
C．fortune D．reputation
C [根据空前一句“Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship”和空后一句中的“he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，此处表示Greenberg的命运(fortune)发生了变化。故正确答案为C。]
2．A.lit B．steamed
C．cleared D．cheered
B [根据空后的“and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，一天，他的视力变得模糊。故正确答案为B。]
3．A.Otherwise B．Moreover
C．Therefore D．However
D [根据空前一句“Then doctors operated on Greenberg's eyes”和空后的“the surgery didn't work”可知，前后句是转折关系。However “但是，然而”符合语境。]
4．A.shy B．desperate
C．selfish D．nervous
B [根据空前一句“Greenberg was going blind”可知，他是如此绝望(desperate)以至于拒绝见任何人。故正确答案为B。]
5．A.offered B．pretended
C．happened D．learned
A [根据下文“Arthur read ________ to him every day，taking time out from his own study”可知，Arthur说服Greenberg回到哥伦比亚大学，并主动提出(offered)成为他的“阅读器”。故正确答案为A。]
6．A.letters B．newspapers
C．textbooks D．magazines
C [根据下文“Greenberg ________ scoring straight A's”并结合语境可推知，Arthur应该是给Greenberg读课本(textbooks)。故正确答案为C。]
7．A.ended up B．carried on
C．imagined D．considered
A [根据语境可知，在Arthur的帮助下，Greenberg最终取得了全优的成绩。end up“最终处于” 符合语境。故正确答案为A。]
8．A.curious B．confident
C．excited D．tentative
D [根据本句中的“Still”以及空后的“relied on his friend”可推知，他对独处感到犹豫。tentative“犹豫的”符合语境，故正确答案为D。]
9．A.abandon B．rescue
C．comfort D．accompany
D [根据空后的“because of an appointment”可知，Arthur因为有约会而无法陪同(accompany)他。故正确答案为D。]
10．A.compromised B．panicked
C．explained D．apologized
B [根据语境可知，Greenberg还没有做好独处的准备，当Arthur无法陪同他时，他感到惊慌失措。故正确答案为B。]
11．A.leaving B．finding
C．consulting D．serving
A [根据空前的“Arthur walked off”可知，Arthur把Greenberg独自留在(leaving)纽约中央车站。故正确答案为A。]
12．A.tired B．amused
C．confused D．satisfied
C [根据语境并结合选项可知，对于Arthur将他独自留下，他感到很困惑。confused“困惑的，糊涂的”符合语境。故正确答案为C。]
13．A.got off B．pulled over
C．looked around D．ran away
A [根据空后的“at the Columbia University stop”可推知，Greenberg在哥伦比亚大学站下了车。故正确答案为A。]
14．A.turned to B．shouted at
C．knocked into D．quarreled with
C [根据下文中的“Oops，excuse me，sir”可推知，有人撞(knocked into)到了Greenberg。故正确答案为C。]
15．A.raised B．lost
C．controlled D．recognized
D [根据下文中的“It was Arthur's”可知，Greenberg认出(recognized)了Arthur的声音。故正确答案为D。]
16．A.anger B．pleasure
C．relief D．sorrow
A [根据语境可知，Arthur之前将他独自留下，现在又撞到了他，Greenberg第一反应应是愤怒(anger)。故正确答案为A。]
17．A.missed B．questioned
C．ignored D．achieved
D [根据空后的“and realized，too，who had made it possible”可知，Greenberg意识到他这次能独自回到学校而不用依靠Arthur，这是之前他一直犹豫而没敢去做的事情。故正确答案为D。]
18．A.Gradually B．Finally
C．Obviously D．Strangely
C [根据空后的“Arthur had been with him the whole day，using one of the most ________ strategies”可推知，很明显(Obviously)，Arthur 一整天都和他在一起，用一种最巧妙的(brilliant)计策。故正确答案为C。]
19．A.brilliant B．familiar
C．defensive D．complex
A [参见上题解析。]
20．A.magic B．beauty
C．wisdom D．truth
B [根据全文内容以及空后一句“He always says he is the luckiest man in the world”可知，失明也未能阻止Greenberg欣赏生活的美好(beauty)。故正确答案为B。]
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