2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习学案必修5课时提能练19-20

课时提能练(十九)
必修4　Unit 1　Advertising
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The household robots are specially designed to_take(take)care of the old.
2．Then a discussion will be held，aiming to_improve (improve) mutual understanding.
3．Please explain it to us again because your meaning didn't really get across.
4．Keeping your body in shape is beneficial (benefit) to mental health.
5．Now that you have expressed your determination(determine) to succeed，you should act.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The boy is too young to know what to deal with the trouble.what→how
2．It is amazed to see such a gentleman should be so rude to an old lady.
amazed→amazing
3．These small businesses have been benefited greatly from the fall in interest rates.去掉been
4．It is strongly recommended that the machines must be checked every year.
去掉must或must→should
5．It is the first time after graduation that I celebrated the Mid­autumn Festival with my family.celebrated前加have
Ⅲ.语境语法填空
Advertisements，which often use words and pictures 1.to_persuade (persuade) people to buy a product or service，or to believe 2.in an idea，play an important part in our lives.There are two main 3.types (type) of advertisements.One type 4.is_called (call) commercial advertisements，5.which are meant to promote products or service.6.But they don't tell customers the complete truth.The other type is called PSAs.They use attractive pictures and clever language，but they 7.are_made(make) to serve the public.They aim 8.to teach us and help us lead 9.better (good) lives. Our government 10.has__been_using (use) them to educate people for many years.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我决心要弄清楚谁该对此事负责。
I'm_determined_to_find_out who is responsible for this.
2．假期快到了，我很想外出旅行。
The vacation is coming and I have_an_urge_to_travel.
3．他很忙。即使他想陪他的儿子也没有足够的时间。
He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even_if/though_he _wants_to.
4．他告诉我下一步做什么还没有讨论。
He told me what_to_do_next hadn't been discussed.
5．毫无疑问，一提到减肥药，市面上就有各种各样的选择足以让你眼花缭乱。
There is no doubt that there are kinds of choices on the market when_it_comes_to diet pills.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·济南市针对性训练)The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species，tens of thousands of plants，and some 2,000 birds and mammals.To date，at least 40,000 plant species,3,000 fish，1,294 birds,427 mammals,428 amphibians，and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.One in five of all the birds in the world live in the Amazon rainforest.
The warm and wet forest has been in existence for at least 55 million years，and thrived even during glacial periods，allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species.Radiocarbon dating(放射性碳定年法)has revealed trees of 10 centimeter in diameter to be more than 300 years old，and some trees over 1,000 years old，indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.
The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11,200 years ago.European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which travelled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.
The Amazon rainforests has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen.But due to deforestation(滥伐森林)，rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earth's land surface，and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change.Severe deforestation began in the 20th century，with 587,000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture.The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了亚马孙热带雨林的历史、丰富的物种以及现在所面临的危险。
1．Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．To prove the forest untouched.
B．To classify species scientifically.
C．To show the diversity of species.
D．To attract more attention to the Amazon region.
C　[推理判断题。根据第一段的内容并结合第二段第一句中的“allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species”可推知，那些关于动植物种类的数字说明了亚马孙热带雨林的物种多样性，故选C。]
2．Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die?
A．European explorers brought diseases there.
B．Portuguese explorers treated them badly.
C．A lot of trees were cut down and burned.
D．They got killed by Spanish explorers.
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which travelled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)”可知，可能多达90%的亚马孙土著居民因为欧洲探险者所带来的疾病而死亡，故选A。]
3．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest?
A．It has the largest number of species.
B．It covers over 5% of South America.
C．It is becoming larger in area.
D．It is being endangered now.
D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“at the present rate...in two decades”并结合最后一段的整体内容可推知，亚马孙热带雨林遭到破坏，而且未来20年可能会减少40%，故选D。]
4．What may be included in the following paragraph?
A．Examples of destroying forests.
B．Measures to protect rainforests.
C．New settlements in the Amazon region.
D．Ways to stop global warming.
B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的关键词“deforestation”可推知，亚马孙热带雨林砍伐严重，那么文章接下来自然就会论述这一问题的解决措施，故选B。]
B
(2019·郑州市第一次质量预测)My son Sam is 16 and autistic(自闭症的)．There's a lot going on in that beautiful and brilliant mind of his，but even on a good day he can be easily at a loss.Throw in some diagnosed anxiety，an inability to read social cues(提示) and an unexpected change to his daily routine，and you have the way to deal with a very public breakdown(精神崩溃)．
It was Sam's very first day at high school.We'd set up a plan for how he'd get home: I'd pick him up outside the shop near his school at 3：30 pm and I believed this was a perfect plan.Unknown to me，very bad weather was on its way and I was unable to warn him to take shelter.
With the combination of his dead phone battery and my dead car battery，I was running late and unable to communicate that to him.As a result，he was left alone and extremely frightened.He became very upset outside the shop，exactly where I'd told him to wait.
This was when a beautiful older Vietnamese lady not only went to check_on him，but took him inside her shop，calmed him down，got my phone number from him and called me.
Five years later he continued to go into her shop every afternoon，bought a drink，had a chat and she sent him home with enough bread and rolls to feed a small nation.
Sam will graduate this year，and I'm increasingly feeling the need to drop by the shop to let this wonderful lady know that she has saved Sam，and that she has saved me.I'm not sure if I can communicate all of this，but at least I will get to thank her.
There are people I will not get to thank，though—the many kind strangers who have been there for Sam.And believe me，if you're wondering if this world is a complete mess right now，I'm here to say that it is not.
So I guess this is a love letter to those of you who have helped a stranger out of the goodness of your heart.Please know you are appreciated，and that your beautiful heart and kindness are appreciated，and perhaps unknowingly，you have made a great difference in someone's life.
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了作者患有自闭症的儿子在生活中得到诸多陌生好心人的帮助，作者为此向人们表达真诚感谢。
5．What can we learn about Sam from the first paragraph?
A．He is rather slow with his studies.
B．He can deal with sudden changes well.
C．He has difficulty in dealing with things.
D．He tries hard to learn how to read social cues.
C　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Throw in some diagnosed anxiety，an inability to read social cues(提示) and an unexpected change to his daily routine，and you have the way to deal with a very public breakdown(精神崩溃)”可知，萨姆应对日常生活有困难，故选C。]
6．The underlined part “check on” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．discover B．visit
C．recognize D．examine
D　[词义猜测题。根据前三段的内容可知，萨姆患有自闭症，并结合第四段可知，商店的主人，一个越南的老太太出来看了看萨姆，然后把他带到商店里，使他镇静下来，并和作者取得了联系，由此可推知，画线部分意为“查看”，与D项意思相近，故选D。]
7．What happened to Sam after his first day at high school?
A．He could get on well with his classmates.
B．He made good friends with the nice lady.
C．He brought the lady some food to thank her.
D．He became willing to communicate with others.
B　[推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，萨姆在受到商店老太太的帮助之后经常会去商店里与她交流，由此可推知，他和老太太成了好朋友，故选B。]
8．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A．To express her thanks to kind people.
B．To remind us all to help autistic people.
C．To show how difficult life is for autistic people.
D．To tell us how to make a difference in others' lives.
A　[写作意图题。根据最后一段第一句“So I guess this is a love letter to those of you who have helped a stranger out of the goodness of your heart”，并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，作者写本文的目的是感谢那些曾经帮助过陌生人的好心人，故选A。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·石家庄市高中毕业班模拟考试一)Three in five people in the UK hold a library card.For some，libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day­to­day life.__1__ If you're considering joining your local library，now is the time to do so.And if you need any more encouragement，here are several reasons why you should.
Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like.__2__ You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free，although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.
__3__ Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card.There are lots of modern ones，as well as original ones，and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time.It's a priceless experience，especially for kids，and also a great way to level the educational playing field.
Libraries develop with times.They have changed greatly since decades ago.__4__ Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases.There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device—pretty cool.
Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community.They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers.__5__
A．Libraries help people learn.
B．Libraries help educate the kids.
C．They create a great sense of community.
D．You can go in，settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.
E．Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.
F．Libraries help us save money as we're borrowing books rather than buying them.
G．For others，particularly the homeless and people in poverty，a lifeline to the world.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人们去图书馆的原因。图书馆是人们减压的好场所，在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。
1．G　[根据空前一句“For some，libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day­to­day life”可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与此对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故G项符合语境。]
2．D　[根据空后一句“You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free，although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns”可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，不过如果逾期还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况，故D项符合语境，衔接上下文。且D项中的“You can”与空后一句中的“You can also”呼应。]
3．A　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体理解，尤其是该段第三句“There are lots of modern ones，as well as original ones，and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time”可知，通过阅读，你可以拓展你的学习，扩大你的词汇量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故A项正确。]
4．E　[根据本段的主题句“Libraries develop with times”和空后的“Some libraries have apps”可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况，故E项与此处匹配。]
5．C　[根据该段第一句“Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community”可知，图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造了一种社区意识，故C项正确。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·济南市模拟)Paper cutting was recognized as our national intangible cultural heritage(遗产) in 2006.According to experts，paper cutting conveys the culture shared between China 1.________ foreign countries to wish for family reunions and maintain links with loved ones，alive or dead.
In the movie Coco，for instance，the 12­year­old Miguel and his family dance and sing to celebrate a 2.________(tradition) festival in Mexico，when colorful paper cuttings are hung on the street.Chinese people also cut images of small figures 3.________(commemorate) their family who have passed away.The difference is that most Chinese paper cuttings are red，while those in other countries 4.________(be) often made in many other colors.
The fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut 5.________ (character)，such as princesses，out of paper while 6.________(tell) stories to children.In China，female friends and family members used to chat and make paper cuttings together.
“7.________ the patterns and colors may be different，paper cuttings share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people，” says Yang Huizi，8.________ art teacher at Beijing Union University.
Yang 9.________(study) and performed the art for over a decade.Besides routine university courses，she also organizes nonprofit paper cutting activities 10.________ are open to the public in Beijing to promote basic knowledge of paper cutting.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了剪纸的意义。
1．and　[考查连词。between...and...是固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”，符合语境，故填and。]
2．traditional　[考查形容词。修饰名词一般用形容词，所以用形容词traditional修饰名词festival，在句子中作定语。]
3．to commemorate　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to commemorate。]
4．are　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，make和主语those构成被动关系，应用被动语态，即be＋done的形式，且主语为复数，故填are。]
5．characters　[考查名词的单复数。character是可数名词，根据空后的“such as princesses”可知，此处表示复数概念，故填characters。]
6．telling　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句主语“Hans Christian Andersen”和动词tell之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用tell的现在分词形式telling。]
7．Though/While/Although　[考查连词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的让步关系，故填Though/While/Although，意为“尽管”。]
8．an　[考查冠词。“art teacher”是可数名词，第一次在语境中出现，是Yang Huizi的同位语，故用不定冠词修饰，且art的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]
9．has studied　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“for over a decade”可知，本句用现在完成时，且主语为第三人称单数，故填has studied。]
10．that/which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词nonprofit paper cutting activities，在从句中作主语，故用that/which来引导该定语从句。]
课时提能练(二十)
必修4　Unit 1　Advertising
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
With the development of 1.advertising(advertise)，people benefit more from it，especially the youth.In some 2.aspects(aspect)，some advertisements are full of 3.intelligence(intelligent)，with which people are pleased.Even though they appeal 4.to you，not all the contents are true.You should be careful not to 5.be_persuaded (persuade) to purchase some outofdate 6.bargains(bargain)．This is because these advertisements will use some tricks，aimed at 7.urging (urge) you to deal with corporations.8.Personally(personal)，we should keep a clear head，or we will fall for them.

B
Advertisements，which often use words and pictures to persuade people into 1.buying (buy) a product or service，or believing in an idea，2.play (play) an important part in our lives.There are two main types of advertisements.One is called commercial advertisements，those someone has paid for to advertise 3.a product or service.But they don't tell 4.customers (customer) the complete truth.
The other one is called PSAs，5.which are made to use 6.attractive (attract) pictures and clever language to serve the public.They aim 7.to_teach (teach) us and help us lead better lives.There are even PSAs to teach us 8.how to live healthy lives.Our government has been using them to educate people for many years.
Ⅱ.语境短文改错
根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
The target audience is high­school teenagers.Our main aim is discourage young people from smoke.Our research shows that young people care for their health and future.We will educate them about the bad physically effects of smoking and that how smoking affects those people around them.We will explain all the advantage of not smoking，such as saving money where can then be spent on other things.Our interviews also indicate that young people are concerning about what is cool and what their friends like.We will show how smoking is not cool and attractive，because it makes people smell terribly，and gives them bad teeth，skin and fingernails.
[答案]
The target audience is high­school teenagers.Our main aim is discourage young people from .Our research shows that young people care their health and future.We will educate them about the bad effects of smoking and that how smoking affects those people around them.We will explain all the of not smoking，such as saving money can then be spent on other things.Our interviews also indicate that young people are about what is cool and what their friends like.We will show how smoking is not cool attractive，because it makes people smell ，and gives them bad teeth，skin and fingernails.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．即使你很忙，你也要尽力把所有的事情做好。(Even if/though)
Even_if/though_you_are__busy，you should try your best to do everything well.
2．谈及钓鱼，约翰是个专家。(When it comes to)
When_it_comes_to_fishing，John is an expert.
3．使我极为高兴的是，这棵植物看上去确实和我们要找的十分地相似。(do/did/does＋v.原形)
To my great joy，the_plant_did_look_exactly_like what we were looking for.
4．他经常去办公室向老师请教关于学习英语的方法。(consult)
He often goes to the office to_consult_his_teacher_about the method of learning English.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·长春市质量监测一)Pangolins(穿山甲) are strange­looking creatures，covered with hard scales(鳞)．They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies.
Pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people.A screenshot of a microblog post showing some people eating pangolins at a feast spread.A few days later，people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals，including pangolins.
Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg.Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed.According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)，more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years.It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world.In September 2016，the IUCN added the pangolin to the world's “endangered animals list”．They are now more endangered than pandas.
A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in number.Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious.Some people even think pangolin scales have medical qualities.However，their scales are made of keratin(角蛋白)，the same material human fingernails are made of.
Luckily，the situation is getting better.World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year.It's a day to help people know more about pangolins. The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China. Breaking this law is regarded as a crime，and the trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed，according to the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了穿山甲濒临灭绝的现状，以及世界上为保护穿山甲而采取的举措。
1．Pangolins have caught people's attention these years because ________.
A．they look strange
B．they appear in some movies
C．they are killed and eaten by people
D．they have something to do with pandas
C　[细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“attention”和“these years”，我们把答案定位在第二段。该段开头说，穿山甲近来成为中国人关注的焦点，然后提到一张屏幕截图和一些图片里，穿山甲成为人们的盘中珍馐，这与C项的描述是一致的。]
2．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Pangolins can roll up into a ball to attack enemies.
B．More than 1 million pangolins were killed or sold last year.
C．Pangolins were named the most endangered animal in 2016.
D．The pangolin is a kind of mammals.
D　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world”可知，穿山甲是一种哺乳动物。故选D项。]
3．The real aim of World Pangolin Day may be to ________.
A．attract people to the zoo to watch pangolins
B．lift people's awareness of protecting pangolins
C．remind people of pangolins' medical value
D．explain the law to people
B　[推理判断题。根据题干中的“World Pangolin Day”，我们把答案定位在最后一段。该段主要陈述为保护穿山甲而采取的举措，而这个节日能让人们更多地了解穿山甲，从而提高人们保护穿山甲的意识，故B项符合题意。]
4．What might be the author's attitude towards the measures taken to protect pangolins?
A．Positive.　　　　　 B．Negative.
C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，中国政府禁止任何人购买和食用穿山甲，世界各地也禁止买卖穿山甲，局面正在好转，由此可推知作者觉得这些措施是有效的，因此选A。]
B
(2019·江西省三名校联考)When I was three years old，I couldn't speak.It was a strange reality that none of the doctors I visited could understand.
One day，I was shadowing(尾随) my mother.She found herself looking in a mirror，and through it our eyes met.She began to speak to me through the reflection，and I slowly began to mimic(模仿) her mouth's movements until I formed a word.
It turned out that I'm deaf in my left ear，and have a slight problem in my right.Being hard of hearing has been difficult，but I've never lived in a state of self­hating sorrow.Imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side.That's my reality when I sleep on my “good ear”，and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.
People call my deaf side my “bad ear”， but when I wear my hearing aid，I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don't.In cinemas，for example，with one click of a button I can enjoy a whole film as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors.
Owning a hearing aid hasn't always felt good，however.On the first day I got my aid，when I was eight，I took it to school for show and tell.As I explained how it worked to my classmates，a boy yelled out，“Aren't those for old men？” At that moment，I felt different.It took a long time for me to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers.
But it's not just schoolkids who can make us deaf and hard­of­hearing people feel like burdens.Every video on social media that lacks subtitles(字幕)，for example，means an entire community of deaf people is unable to enjoy it.Completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too，as subtitles in cinemas are almost impossible to find.
And with hearing aids costing around $2,500 each，it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to things that others take for granted.As for me，I can listen to music，enjoy films，and catch conversations－I'm lucky.I'm deaf，but I can still hear everything.I've been blessed with wonderful life experiences，and I am human.And when it comes to sleeping，I'm even superhuman.
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了作者积极应对自己听力障碍的励志故事。
5．How does the author view his hearing difficulty?
A．It's a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble.
B．It gave him a chance to experience something special.
C．It made him feel embarrassed in front of his classmates.
D．It helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted.
B　[推理判断题。根据对第三段的整体理解，尤其是最后一句“That's my reality when I sleep on my “good ear”， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes”可推知，听力障碍让作者有了与众不同的体验，与最后一段倒数第二句“I've been blessed with wonderful life experiences，and I am human”呼应，故选B。]
6．What can be inferred from the passage about the author?
A．He was born deaf.
B．He is optimistic and helpful.
C．His family and classmates have supported him a lot.
D．The hearing aid brings much convenience to his daily life.
D　[推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“People call my deaf side my‘bad ear’， but when I wear my hearing aid，I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don't”和对本段的整体理解可推知，助听器给作者的生活带来了诸多便利，故选D。]
7．What is the author's attitude toward his life?
A．Grateful. B．Anxious.
C．Excited. D．Disappointed.
A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句“As for me，I can listen to music，enjoy films，and catch conversations－I'm lucky”和第四句“I've been blessed with wonderful life experiences，and I am human”可推知，作者对自己的生活充满感激之情，故选A。]
8．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A．To give advice on life to disabled people.
B．To show how difficult life is for disabled people.
C．To share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude.
D．To show the convenience a hearing aid could bring.
C　[写作意图题。根据对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述了作者积极应对听力障碍的励志故事，故选C。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·合肥市第一次教学质量检测)
Apologizing the Right Way to a Friend
Why are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be the most difficult thing you do.But we all make mistakes，so you'll probably have an occasion when you need to apologize.Perhaps you had blown up at someone and realized later you reacted poorly.__1__.Whatever the reason，apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation.
__2__.First，you acknowledge that you did something wrong.With an apology，you take responsibility for your actions，which allows your friend to forgive you. Second，an apology gives your sincerity as a friend.__3__， but that doesn't mean we still shouldn't apologize.
Now，what are elements of a proper apology? __4__， depending on what the offense was，where it was done，and who you are apologizing to.In general，a good apology should include the following: a request for their attention，an acknowledgment of what happened，sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words “I'm sorry” or “I apologize”．Here are things never to say when apologizing.Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsibility.Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you don't think you did.__5__， you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across.You'll really need to self­reflect so you can see things from your friend's point of view.
A．When you make your apology in person
B．If you really believe you did nothing wrong
C．Apologies benefit friendships in a variety of ways
D．The way you apologize is going to be slightly different
E．Or maybe you just didn't show support when you needed to
F．Apologizing the right way，however，may take a little practice
G．Sometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了向朋友道歉的正确方法。
1．E　[根据空后的“Whatever the reason”可知，空处与空前一句讲的是向朋友道歉的原因，所以选项E与语境相符，且选项E中的“maybe”与空前一句中的“Perhaps”相呼应，故选E。]
2．C　[空处位于段落句首主题句的位置；通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是道歉对友谊的好处，故C项符合语境。]
3．G　[根据空后的“but that doesn't mean we still shouldn't apologize”可知，G项“有时我们的朋友轻易地就原谅了我们犯的小错误”符合语境。]
4．D　[根据空后的“depending on...who you are apologizing to”可知，D项“你道歉的方法要稍微不同”与之衔接自然，故选D项。]
5．B　[根据空后的“you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across”可知，B项“如果你确实认为你没做错什么”与之联系紧密，故选B项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·昆明市摸底调研)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1.________(avoid) human beings，a new study finds.
Scientists have known that human activities can lead to 2.________(change) in nature.Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 3.________ people.By being awake at night，animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 4.________(look) for food.
The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can frighten animals and cause them to become more active at night.5.________ had been studied were lions in Tanzania，tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil.Researchers compared 6.________(careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities，such as hunting and farming.7.________ was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night­time activities，even in creatures that usually sleep at night.Results 8.________(publish) in the journal Science two months ago.
The new findings are 9.________(usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before.Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10.________(surprise) that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.
【语篇解读】　人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以保持警惕状态。
1．to avoid　[考查非谓语动词。狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。]
2．changes　[考查名词复数。lead to常后接名词，故用change的复数形式。]
3．from　[考查固定搭配。keep away from...“远离……”，为固定搭配。]
4．looking　[考查固定用法。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”为固定用法。]
5．What　[考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且缺少主语，故用what，意为“……的事物”。]
6．carefully　[考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。]
7．It　[考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉______ was和that之后，句子表意完整，故该句为强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”。]
8．were published　[考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results是被动关系，且根据时间状语two months ago可知，描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。]
9．unusual　[考查形容词。先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。]
10．surprised　[考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语Marlee Tucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。]


Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·成都市第二次诊断性检测)Last year，my friend and I went to visit the Yellow Mountain.We carried two backpacks，that turned out to be pretty heavier for the hike.I am not an experiencing hiker and those endless steps make me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground.But my friend encouraged me great.“Look，the top is coming closer and closer.We are almost there.”I pulled me together and kept going.After three­hour exhausting hike to the top，but with wonderful sceneries on the way，we got to the top finally.For our pleasure，we also found a hotel that looked very much inviting.
[答案]　
Last year，my friend and I went to visit the Yellow Mountain.We carried two backpacks， turned out to be pretty for the hike.I am not an hiker and those endless steps me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground.But my friend encouraged me .“Look，the top is coming closer and closer.We are almost there.” I pulled together and kept going.After three­hour exhausting hike to the top，but with wonderful on the way，we got to the top finally. our pleasure，we also found a hotel that looked very much inviting.