2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习学案必修5课时提能练27-28

课时提能练(二十七)
必修5　Unit 2　The environment
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Traffic is bad，particularly (particular) in the city centre.
2．You'd better go home before your money runs out.
3．I'd appreciate it if you could tell me more about the activity.
4．The little boy impressed me with his big，bright eyes the first time I saw him.
5．Because she is under age，her parents still take the responsibility(responsible) for her.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．When I came in，I saw my son sitting under the tree，absorbing in his video games.absorbing→absorbed
2．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measured over 90 meters.measured→measuring
3．Many teachers hold a belief which extended studying time doesn't necessarily improve their students' grades.which→that
4．The doctors decided to operate the patient for his lung cancer.
operate后加on
5．Our food has been run out，so we must go to the market before our guests arrive.去掉been
Ⅲ.语境语法填空
People are having a debate about whether 1.to_develop (develop) the economy or protect the environment.2.In Lin Shuiqing's opinion，3.it is our duty to cut back on 4.production (produce) and reduce the quantities of things we make and buy. 5.While Qian Liwei thinks that businessmen are not greedy and they don't hide their 6.responsibilities(responsibility)，either.As far as he is concerned，the people 7.operating (operate) these factories are 8.deeply(deep) concerned about the environment，and 9.should_be_given(give) more credit.In fact，many people are willing to pay a little 10.higher(high) price for things that are friendly to the environment.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．她专心忙家务，所以没有注意到儿子离开房间。
She was_so_absorbed_in_her_housework that she didn't notice her son leave the room.
2．当天气变得太热时，我就不喜欢了。
I don't like_it_when the weather gets too hot.
3．教室的前面是一个操场，我们每天早上在那里做早操。
In_front_of_the_classroom_is a playground where we do morning exercises every morning.
4．这家汽车厂现在的产量是五年前的三倍。
The car factory can produce three_times_what_it_did five years ago.
5．你吃得越多，就会越胖。
The__more you eat，the fatter you will be.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·福建三校第一学期联考)I arrived at this beautiful Spanish island at the start of September，full of enthusiasm and eager to start working as an English teacher.I sorted all the necessary paperwork out and moved into a flat of my own within the first couple of days.Great，or so I thought.At 4 am and at several intervals after that，I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me.Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning.
In the following weeks，I also started to notice a trend.Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day，like the hot water line，bowls，cups，the shower，doors or glass shelves.Yes，I am clumsy but things just fell apart.If it wasn't broken，it would either be dirty or missing.Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting.When I took out my clothes，they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.
As for the general lack of equipment in the house，there was no oven，tin opener，sharp knives or potato peeler.It turned out making a burger from scratch wasn't the best idea.I had a small microwave and a grill.I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on.Smoke soon started to appear.I was not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door，the electricity cut out.I spent the following 10 minutes in a dark，smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone，which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world.
Luckily，I'm now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned.No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break)．I've also realized that even if a flat looks pretty，it doesn't mean its contents work.I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited，broken utensils(用具)．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”去西班牙的一个漂亮的小岛上做英语老师。虽然所住的公寓里面的生活用具很老旧，“我”还是学会了如何利用有限的生活用品生活。
1．What problem did the author have in the morning?
A．She often slept late.
B．Her alarm failed to work.
C．She got some noisy neighbors.
D．Her sleep was disturbed by a rooster.
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At 4 am and at several intervals after that，I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me”可知，凌晨四点开始，每隔一会儿，作者就被对面公鸡的打鸣声吵醒。据此可知，作者的睡眠被公鸡打鸣声打扰了，故D项正确。]
2．What can we know about the author from Paragraph 2?
A．She was a very careful woman.
B．She was quite satisfied with her flat.
C．Her flat was pretty old but comfortable.
D．Her household articles were in poor condition.
D　[推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day，like the hot water line，bowls，cups，the shower，doors or glass shelves”可知，作者所住的房子的东西每天损坏一件。据此可推知，作者所使用的日常用品很破旧，故D项正确。]
3．What happened when the author was making a burger?
A．She was seriously injured.
B．She made a terrible mistake.
C．She broke her phone accidentally.
D．She suffered a sudden power failure.
B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I had a small microwave and a grill.I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on.Smoke soon started to appear”，并结合该段其他内容可知，作者将金属烤架放进微波炉里，启动后发生了故障，电源被切断。据此可推知，作者在制作汉堡时犯了个错误，故B项正确。]
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Remaining optimistic.
B．How to choose a nice flat.
C．Learning to live in a new flat.
D．Why living abroad is not easy.
C　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章尾段尾句“I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited，broken utensils(用具)”是全文的主题句。结合全文内容可知，文章通过讲述作者在西班牙的一个小岛上做英语老师时如何使用住房内的破旧日常用品生活的故事，说明了应当学会适应生活的道理，故C项正确。]
B
(2019·长沙市统一模拟)Two deer jumped out in front of 16­year­old Amanda Floyd's car.She put on the brake，stopping the car just in time.But later，she started texting.Distracted，Amanda turned left and right，then crashed into another car.Luckily，she wasn't in a real car—she was in a driving simulator(模拟器) at Roosevelt High School，Ohio，US.“I never really realized that cars make a turn that much，” Amanda，a junior，said.She added that she wouldn't text while driving anymore.
The Ohio Department of Transportation(ODOT) and Ohio State Highway Patrol brought the simulator to the school.They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk，texting，or talking on the phone.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration，distracted driving claimed 3,450 lives in 2016 alone.Experts believe the actual figure is probably higher.
The simulator is basically a computer program.Like many computer games，it was a hit with the students.They lined up and crowded around to watch each other take turns.The simulator has a steering wheel(方向盘)，brake and gas pedal(油门)．It is made up of three large computer screens on a table.
Students choose a distraction，such as driving while drunk or texting.They always crash，of course.Then，they are pulled over by the police to be taught the bad results of their driving：how much damage they've caused，what their fine is，if anyone died in the accident，and if they're going to go to prison.
“It teaches how to drive without being on the road，” said Shante Thompson,16. She had just crashed into a deer.
ODOT spokesman Justin Chesnic said hundreds of kids have gone behind the wheel so far.He said even more have benefited from watching their classmates.
“Driving is such a major responsibility，so take it seriously，” he said.“Put away your cellphone.A lot of the accidents out there are because of distracted driving.It can not only change your life，but change someone else's life forever.The results are serious.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器。学生通过操作这个驾驶模拟器可以增强交通安全意识。
5．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1?
A．Introduce the topic of the text.
B．Illustrate the author's point of view.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Offer some background information.
A　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段讲述了一个事例，然后通过这个事例引出了本文的话题，即driving simulator。由此可推知，作者写第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。]
6．Why is the driving simulator project introduced to Roosevelt High School?
A．It tests the students' ability to stay focused.
B．It gets students to have fun between classes.
C．It teaches students how to deal with traffic accidents.
D．It makes students aware of the dangers of distracted driving.
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk，texting，or talking on the phone”可知，他们想要帮助学生了解驾车时醉酒、发短信或者打电话的危害，故选D。]
7．What can we know about the driving simulator?
A．It is connected to the local police station.
B．It is a real car but has large computer screens.
C．It attracts the students' interest as a computer program.
D．It benefits the students who use it more than those who only watch.
C　[细节理解题。根据第四段的描述，尤其是“The simulator is basically a computer program.Like many computer games，it was a hit with the students”可知，这个驾驶模拟器实质上是一个电脑程序，和许多电脑游戏一样，它很受学生们的欢迎，引起了学生们的兴趣，故选C。]
8．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Traffic rules in Ohio，US.
B．Dangers of distracted driving.
C．Simulated driving for students.
D．Advantages of computer games.
C　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作它可以增强交通安全意识，故选C。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·沈阳市教学质量监测一)Jayce began noticing when he was in kindergarten that he looked different from his classmates.They had two arms.He had one.
It started when one boy __1__him，said his mother，Lewis.He'd return to his home with questions：“Why am I __2__ ? Why me？” His mother recalled he was actually sad and that it was a heavy __3__ to his heart.
Lewis __4__ she didn't know what to do at that point.A few weeks later，Lewis turned on the TV and saw a news story about an eighth grader，Trashaun，becoming an Internet hit after __5__ videos of his slam dunks(灌篮)，and，like Jayce，he __6__ most of his left arm.Lewis called Jayce in.To her surprise，Jayce was immediately __7__.At the time，it seemed that watching Trashaun was __8__ an inspiring moment for Jayce—he saw a role model with a similar __9__.If it had stayed just that，Lewis would have been happy enough.But little did she know that a family friend had already __10__ to the newspaper to help set up a __11__ with Trashaun to build Jayce's confidence.
The boys met and instantly __12__ with each other as both of them were in the same condition.They rode bikes，took photos，and played basketball on the court.Instead of spending the whole day feeling __13__ for themselves，they had a lot of fun.However，Trashaun did get __14__ with Jayce sometimes.They talked about his left arm.He told Jayce he was perfect the way he was made.He also told him not to let anyone __15__ him and not to let those words shake his __16__.
Since that meeting，Lewis has seen a noticeable __17__ in her son.As for Trashaun，his relationship with Jayce made him __18__ to help more kids.“Honestly，it __19__ a lot to know that I changed Jayce's life，” Trashaun says. Still，he never dreamed that his __20__ would have such an impact.“I just thought my friends would see them，and be like，‘Oh，he dunked it！’”
He certainly did.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Trashaun帮助Jayce重拾信心的故事。
1．A.supported B．teased
C．cheated D．pleased
B　[根据第一段可知，Jayce在幼儿园时注意到自己和同班同学不一样，因为他只有一只胳膊，结合下文中的“he was actually sad and that it was a heavy ________ to his heart”可推知，此处是说Jayce因为缺少一只胳膊而被一个男孩嘲笑(teased)，故选B。]
2．A.lonely B．silly
C．different D．ordinary
C　[根据语境可知，Jayce不明白自己为什么与别人不同(different)，故选C。]
3．A.duty B．breath
C．debt D．blow
D　[根据上文Jayce被嘲笑并结合语境可推知，缺少一只胳膊不仅让Jayce很难过，而且这对其心灵是一个沉重的打击(blow)，故选D。]
4．A.argued B．promised
C．suspected D．admitted
D　[根据语境可推知，当时Lewis承认(admitted)她并不知道应该做些什么(来帮助她的儿子)，故选D。]
5．A.downloading B．posting
C．buying D．watching
B　[根据语境可知，Trashaun把自己的灌篮视频发布(posting)到网上后走红，故选B。]
6．A.lost B．hurt
C．used D．recovered
A　[根据该句中的“like Jayce”和“most of his left arm”，并结合上文Jayce少了一只胳膊可知，Trashaun的境况和Jayce一样，他失去(lost)了大部分左胳膊，故选A。]
7．A.satisfied B．confused
C．bored D．attracted
D　[根据下文中的“At the time，it seemed that watching Trashaun was ________ an inspiring moment for Jayce”可推知，Jayce立刻被Trashaun的故事吸引(attracted)了，故选D。]
8．A.hardly B．simply
C．still D．never
B　[根据下文中的“If it had stayed just that，Lewis would have been happy enough”可推知，当时看Trashaun(的视频)对Jayce来说只(simply)是一个鼓舞人心的时刻，故选B。]
9．A.response B．family
C．problem D．education
C　[根据语境可推知，Jayce缺少一只胳膊，Trashaun失去了大部分左胳膊，故此处指他们两个有类似的问题，故选C。]
10．A.reached out B．looked out
C．got out D．turned out
A　[根据语境可知，Lewis的一位朋友已经联系了报社来帮助安排Jayce和Trashaun的会面(meeting)，从而增强Jayce的自信心，故选A。]
11．A.game B．fighting
C．trap D．meeting
D　[参见上题解析。]
12．A.bonded B．competed
C．parted D．raced
A　[根据下文中的“They rode bikes，took photos，and played basketball on the court”可推知，两个男孩拥有相同的境况，很快建立了互信关系。bond with sb.“建立(与某人的)互信关系”，为固定搭配，故选A。]
13．A.happy B．grateful
C．sorry D．fearful
C　[根据语境“Instead of”可推知，此处与下文的“fun”形成对比，故选C。]
14．A.angry B．serious
C．tough D．familiar
B　[根据空前的“However”与下文中的“They talked about his left arm”可推知，Trashaun有时也会和Jayce有严肃的时刻，他们会谈论他的左胳膊，故选B。]
15．A.approach B．comfort
C．discourage D．leave
C　[根据语境可推知，此处是Trashaun在鼓励Jayce，告诉他不要让任何人使自己气馁(discourage)，也不要让其他人的话动摇自己的信心(confidence)，故选C。]
16．A.confidence B．patience
C．sadness D．honesty
A　[参见上题解析。]
17．A.advantage B．scar
C．drawback D．change
D　[根据下文“‘Honestly，it ________ a lot to know that I changed Jayce's life，’ Trashaun says” 可推知，自从那次会面后，Jayce发生了显著的变化，故选D。]
18．A.expect B．agree
C．hesitate D．refuse
A　[根据下文中的“‘Honestly，it ________ a lot to know that I changed Jayce's life，’ Trashaun says”可推知，通过和Jayce的交往，Trashaun了解到自己改变了Jayce，这让他期望(expect)能够帮助更多的孩子，故选A。]
19．A.cares B．means
C．saves D．takes
B　[结合上题解析可推知，了解到自己改变了Jayce对Trashaun来讲意义重大，故选B。]
20．A.attitudes B．words
C．videos D．disabilities
C　[根据下文中的“I just thought my friends would see them，and be like，‘Oh，he dunked it！’”可推知，此处指的是Trashaun之前上传到网上的视频，故选C。]
课时提能练(二十八)
必修5　Unit 2　The environment
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
With the 1.development(develop) of economy，the environment is getting worse and worse.It's time that we 2.should_take/took(take) measures to protect it.Firstly，it's very important to develop our sense of 3.responsibility (responsible)．
Only when we realize the importance of protecting the environment are we willing to do our parts for it.Secondly，we should try to change our way of life.Thirdly，recycle the things that have been used.Above all，we should try our best to cut back on 4.pollution(pollute) of the environment in order to live a better life.
B
People are having a debate about 1.whether to develop the economy or protect the environment.In Lin Shuiqing's opinion，it is our duty 2.to_cut (cut) back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.While Qian Liwei thinks that businessmen are not greedy and they don't hide their 3.responsibilities (responsibility) either.As far as he 4.is_concerned (concern)，the people operating these factories are 5.deeply(deep) concerned about the environment，and we should give them more credit.In fact，many people are willing to pay a little 6.higher (high) price for things that are 7.friendly (friend) to the environment.
Ⅱ.语境短文改错
根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
As the third long river in the world，the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China or abroad.Rapid development and an increase in population has meant that the amount of water taking from the river is rising.This is not a good news for the people whom rely on the Yangtze River for water.Many people have recognized the important of protecting the Yangtze River，and organizations and projects have been set up to deal about the problem.Because this，the situation on the Yangtze River is improving.The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much­loved river would be appreciated for years to come.
[答案]　
As the third river in the world，the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China abroad.Rapid development and an increase in population meant that the amount of water from the river is rising.This is not a good news for the people rely on the Yangtze River for water.Many people have recognized the of protecting the Yangtze River，and organizations and projects have been set up to deal the problem.Because this，the situation on the Yangtze River is improving.The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much­loved river be appreciated for years to come.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．计算机已经改变了我们的工作和娱乐方式。(way引导定语从句)
Computers have changed the_way_(that/in_which)_we_work_and_play.
2．如果下次的月考他还没考好，他将会怎么样呢？(what if)
What_if he fails in the next monthly examination again?
3．快点——我们剩下的时间不多了。(run out of)
Hurry up—we are_running_out_of_time.
4．每个人都穿着他们最好的衣服，渴望给我们留下好的印象。(impression)
Everyone was dressed in their best clothes，eager to make_a_good_impression _on us.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·大连市一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house.
Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School，Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel.So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge，Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.
“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，” Smeeton said.“She immediately started researching bone density(密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”
“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” Dobek says.
Dobek's design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in.It also includes the SGF or Self­Growing Farm，and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design.A simulator (模拟装置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment.Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth，such as their homes.
“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，” Dobek said.“Whatever they want to do，they should push for it and always try their best.”
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek接受挑战，设计太空站的情况。
1．Dobek first became interested in space when ________.
A．she was still a seventh grader
B．she studied at a junior high school
C．she lived on the top of their house
D．she watched an eclipse of the moon
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house”可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她在三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。]
2．Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ________.
A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B．she had no other students interested in Mars
C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
D　[推理判断题。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心。]
3．What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?
A．The environment on Mars.
B．The safety of the supplies.
C．The activities for astronauts.
D．The comfort of the astronauts.
D　[推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也感到舒适。]
B
(2019·长春市质量监测一)I was waiting for my train and on the subway station's floor was a man just sitting there.I looked around and nobody stopped so I just went my way.After a few steps，I turned and asked him whether he needed help.He told me his house was one station further and he would only need to take the train there.So I reached for his hand to help him stand up.
He wanted to take the stairs but I feared that he would hurt himself since he seemed too weak to walk，so I asked him to take the elevator.Even though my mind was trying to turn the danger lights on，I put the thought that I should not go alone with a drunken man out of my mind and accompanied him on the elevator.
We arrived on the platform with no incidents.The man's knees seemed to soften，so I asked him to rest on a bench.While sitting there，he thanked me，telling me that I saved him.No，I said，I really did nothing; he saved himself as he walked on his own feet.
At the next station，we said our goodbyes.Before I knew it，he left 100 dollars and dashed out of the train.There was no way to give him back his money.I wanted to leave it on the seat，but a young woman who thought it belonged to me ran after me and gave me the note.
My initial reaction to getting that money was of shame and I even felt offended.Then I thought he just wanted to thank me，the best way he knew how.Now，my question is—what act of kindness shall I do with these 100 dollars?
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在地铁站台看到有个醉汉坐在地上，于是把对方搀扶起来并陪他坐上地铁。临下车的时候对方塞给作者一百美元，作者准备用这笔钱继续帮助别人。
4．Why was the man sitting on the subway station's floor?
A．Because he wanted to go home.
B．Because he was seriously ill.
C．Because he was drunk.
D．Because he was waiting for the train.
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“I put the thought...with a drunken man”可知，这个人坐在地铁站的地上是因为喝醉了。]
5．Seeing the money left by the man，the author first felt ________.
A．ashamed　　　　　　 B．grateful
C．delighted D．frustrated
A　[细节理解题。根据尾段第一句中的“My initial reaction...was of shame”可知，作者看到这笔钱最初的反应是感到羞愧，因此选A。]
6．How will the author possibly deal with the money?
A．Give it back.
B．Buy something favorable.
C．Leave it on the seat.
D．Give it to people in need.
D　[推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句“Now，my question is...do with these 100 dollars”可推知，作者下一步要用这笔钱去帮助他人，因此选D。]
7．What can we infer from the passage?
A．I helped the man the moment I saw him.
B．I accompanied the man to take the stairs.
C．I thought it unsafe to go alone with the drunken man at first.
D．A young woman ran after me and gave me the note.
C　[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者先是把不应该单独与这个醉汉同行的念头赶走，并在电梯里陪着他，因此C项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·湖南省六校联考)
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth
Astronauts have to go through physical，psychological，and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants.These“astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea.As space trips become longer，it will be necessary to grow food in space.__1__ Because of this，it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey，only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey.They can provide more fresh things.__2__ Also，plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen.They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe.
__3__ Due to the lack of gravity in space，the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants.This can actually kill them，so fans are needed to circulate the air.Without gravity，roots don't“know”to grow down，leaves don't “know” to grow up，and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves.__4__ Besides，soil is too heavy to send to space，and special liquid gels(凝胶) are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves.They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space，and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease.__5__ Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people，saving transportation costs.Similarly，plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply.With the world's population now at about 7.7 billion people，our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B．However，there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植果蔬的原因、好处以及方法。
1．D　[空后是说将所有所需东西带上太空是不切合实际的；据此可推知，空处应是介绍空后一句的原因；故D项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每千克22 000美元”符合语境。]
2．F　[根据空前一句可知，植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西；根据空后一句可知，植物还可以改善太空站的空气质量，因为其可以产生氧气；据此可推知，空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处，即宇航员也喜欢在他们的饮食中有新鲜的果蔬食物，故F项正确。]
3．B　[上文介绍了太空种植的好处，即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善太空站的空气质量等；结合下文可知，种植太空果蔬有一定的困难；据此可知，空处承上启下，与上文形成转折关系，故B项正确。]
4．E　[根据上文可知，在失重的情况下，植物的根和叶不知道如何生长，水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上；而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法；据此可推知，空处应是介绍解决上述问题的方法，故E项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长”符合语境。]
5．C　[根据空前一句可知，科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水，在太空快速生长，而且可以抵抗病害的方法；且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响；据此可推知，空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来改善，故C项正确。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·贵阳市适应性考试一)China's space program has become the first to land a spacecraft on the 1.________(so­call) dark side of the moon.The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.
Chang'e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth.It shows small craters and 2.________empty surface that appears to be 3.________(light) by a light from the lunar explorer.
The name Chang'e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe 4.________(live) on the moon for thousands of years.
The landing is an example of China's 5.________(grow) desire to compete with the American，Russian and European space 6.________(program)．China also wants to strengthen 7.________(it) position.
Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University's school of astronomy and space science.He told the Associated Press，“8.________ the whole，China's space technology still falls behind the West，but with the landing on the far side of the moon，we have raced to the front.”
He added that China plans to explore Mars，Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future.“There's no doubt 9.________ our nation will go farther and farther，”he said.
In 2013，Chang'e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union's Luna 24 in 1976.The United States is the only country that has 10.________ (success) sent a person to the moon.But China is considering a crewed mission，as well.
For now，China plants to send a Chang'e 5 spacecraft to the moon in 2019 and have it return to Earth with collected particles.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述“嫦娥四号”登陆月球背面介绍了中国的太空探索发展状况。
1．so­called　[考查词形转换。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词so­called 修饰dark side，作定语。]
2．an　[冠词。surface是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且empty的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]
3．lit/lighted　[考查动词的语态。根据空后的介词“by”并结合语境可知，此处是被动结构，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。]
4．has lived　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，指代a subject，在从句中作主语，故此处应用第三人称单数形式；且根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填has lived。]
5．growing　[考查形容词。growing 是形容词，意为“增长的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词desire。]
6．programs　[考查名词的单复数。program是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故用复数形式，故填programs。]
7．its　[考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词position。]
8．On　[考查介词。on the whole是固定搭配，意为“大体上”，符合语境，故填介词On。]
9．that　[考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法There is no doubt that，意为“毫无疑问”，符合语境，故填that。]
10．successfully　[考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词successfully修饰其后的动词sent，在句子中作状语。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2019·湖北省八市联考)Many traditional arts were losing nowadays，because some of whom are being replaced by modern products.I feel extreme sorry about the losing arts.In my opinions，they are classic and their charm will never fade away.Take my grandma for the example.She is better at paper­cutting which was learnt from her mother.When I found my grandma had this skill，I was so surprised and curious it.I asked my grandma to teaching me the skill.During the process，I found that this art was brilliant，but I was attracted by it.Some traditional arts like paper­cutting should be keeping.
[答案]　
Many traditional arts losing nowadays，because some of are being replaced by modern products.I feel sorry about the losing arts.In my ， they are classic and their charm will never fade away.Take my grandma for the example.She is at paper­cutting which was learnt from her mother.When I found my grandma had this skill，I was so surprised and curious it.I asked my grandma to me the skill.During the process，I found that this art was brilliant， I was attracted by it.Some traditional arts like paper­cutting should be .