2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习学案选修7课时提能练38
展开课时提能练(三十八)
选修7 Unit 4 Public transport
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
People used to 1.be_conveyed(convey) from one place to another by buses and trains.However，nowadays more and more families have their own cars，which 2.speeds(speed) up the development of our national economy and meanwhile results in more traffic jams.What's worse，some drivers violate traffic rules，such as drunk and driving and speaking on their phones while 3.driving(drive)，which leads to more accidents and more deaths 4.arising(arise) from the accidents.
Only when people have put 5.through the pain can they realize that it is up to them all 6.to_ensure(ensure) that roads are smooth.At the same time，more and more people begin to take buses to go out，which can pick up and drop off people at different stops in the route.
B
The London Underground has the distinction of being the 1.oldest(old) and most complex underground system in the world.2.Before the initial tunnels were opened in 1863，the traffic jams of London were 3.unbelievable(believable)．Twentyone years later，in 1884，the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided underground 4.service(serve) in the middle of the city.With better ways for digging tunnels 5.developed(develop)，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.The City and South London Railway opened the first electric underground railway in 1890.And six independent deep underground lines were constructed 6.over the next twentyfive years.Then a wealthy American businessman，Charles Yerkes obtained ownership of the many different lines and set up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.Between 1918 and 1938，many new 7.stations(station) were constructed.
During World War Ⅱ，the underground system had some unusual uses.After 8.the war，the system was enlarged and more lines 9.were_added(add) because more people travelled on the underground.The London underground system 10.is_working (work) to transport huge numbers of people as it has done for many years.Buy one of the travel cards and you can travel all over the underground system.
Ⅱ.语境短文改错
根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
The number of road accidents and the deaths arisen from those accidents has been increased over the past year.This notice is aimed at increasing people knowledge of the problem.
We must all be aware the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to preventing them.This is true of everyone as accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians.We all had a responsibility to prevent accidents.Drivers should pay attention to surrounding traffic，but get ready when another driver does something wrongly.Never speak on the phone while driving on the road.Beside，don't drive after drinking and don't allow anyone drunk to drive.Last but not least，drivers should be careful near schools because there are like to be many children.
[答案]
The number of road accidents and the deaths from those accidents has been increased over the past year.This notice is aimed at increasing knowledge of the problem.
We must all be aware the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to them.This is true of everyone as accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians.We all a responsibility to prevent accidents. Drivers should pay attention to surrounding traffic， get ready when another driver does something .Never speak on the phone while driving on the road. ，don't drive after drinking and don't allow anyone drunk to drive.Last but not least，drivers should be careful near schools because there are to be many children.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．你来决定咱们是到外面吃饭还是待在家里。(be up to)
It's_up_to_you_to_decide whether to eat out or stay in.
2．既然你想知道他在哪里，为什么不给他打电话呢？(why not)
Since you want to know where he is，why_not_phone_him?
3．沿途全是大树，如果天热我们可以乘凉。(倒装句)
Along the road are_tall_trees so，we can enjoy the cool if it is hot.
4．他试图说明情况是多么紧急。(convey)
He tried to convey_how_urgent_the_situation_was.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区第二次适应性检测)Technology is forever changing the way we get our news.Most people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices，instead of traditional media，such as newspapers，television or radio.An increasing number of people also report turning to social media for information.
Now，there is a new technology that could greatly change the way we get the news: computercreated news readers.China has launched what it called the world's first artificial intelligence，or AI news presenters.
The news readers，supported by machine learning technology，are based on two reallife Chinese newsmen.One is able to present news broadcast in English; the other，in Mandarin Chinese.A report said machine learning was used to examine video images and sounds of the two newsmen.Similar technology has been used to create video products known as “deepfake videos”．A deepfake video is a video that looks real，but was electronically changed.Such videos can make people appear to say things they never said.
It's said that the AI presenters will be a great improvement to the news team because they “can work 24 hours a day” on its website and on social media.One of the presenters even promised to “work tirelessly” to keep people informed.Some machine learning experts said the system showed off China's latest progress in voice recognition，texttospeech technology and data analysis.
Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers. Some people argued that only lowlevel jobs requiring heavy labor will be easily replaced by robots.Others praised the technology as a way for companies to make money from lowcost labor machines.
Anyway，for its great potential，some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了人工智能新闻主播的相关情况。
1．People now get information mainly from ________.
A．electronic devices
B．traditional media
C．social media
D．AI news presenters
A [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Most people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices”可知，人们现在主要从电子设备上获得信息。]
2．The author mentioned “deepfake” in Paragraph 3 because ________.
A．it was also artificial
B．it was also developed by China
C．it also used machine learning technology
D．it also gained popularity and recognition
C [推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“A report said machine learning was used...known as ‘deepfake videos’”可推知，作者提到deepfake是因为它也用了机器学习技术。]
3．What can we know about AI news presenters?
A．AI news presenters can only “speak” one language.
B．Not all the people are in favor of AI news presenters.
C．AI news presenters will soon replace human news readers.
D．AI news presenters can reflect the improvement in robot making.
B [细节理解题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是“Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers”可知，并不是所有人都支持人工智能新闻主播。]
4．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph?
A．Further research on the technology.
B．Other advantages of the technology.
C．Principles the technology is based on.
D．Examples the technology is applied to.
D [推理判断题。根据第六段中的“some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations”可知，接下来的一段很可能讨论这种技术所应用的例子。]
B
(2019·湖北武昌区调研)Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society.This includes the Stone Age，the Bronze Age，and the Iron Age.But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers.Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind.It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层)．” That's according to John Marston，an archaeologist.
The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren't for human action.About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet.They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.
Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth's makeup.Most plastics don't easily degrade.This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn't an adequate solution.Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable.And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.
According to Debra Winter，writer for The Atlantic，this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed.They are made into rugs，sweaters，or they are used to make other bottles.Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year，but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.The problem has reached the point where it's possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world's oceans than fishes.
“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years，so it's safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet，in some form or another，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be done.It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways.So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.
【语篇解读】 在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。
5．Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?
A．Because plastics are not naturally made.
B．Because humans create plastics.
C．Because plastics influence the world greatly.
D．Because historians and archaeologists think so.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是使用对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。]
6．According to the passage，how are most plastics dealt with currently?
A．They are recycled.
B．They are degraded.
C．They are thrown away.
D．They are made into bottles.
C [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year，but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean”可知，可回收的塑料垃圾较少，更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。]
7．What is the author's attitude to the Plastic Age?
A．Negative. B．Ambiguous.
C．Favorable. D．Unconcerned.
A [观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。故A项正确。]
8．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Plastics have ruined our environment.
B．We must stop using plastics altogether.
C．Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D．Plastics are significant to human development.
C [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，由此可推知，C项最符合文意。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·大连市高三双基测试)Have you ever had times questioning yourself and feeling discouraged? If you answer yes，what you've experienced is negative selftalk.__1__.You say to yourself untrue things like，“I'm not good enough.I'm a disappointment.” These false beliefs stop us in our tracks.So，how do you stop the negative selftalk?
•__2__
Know you're special.You are “One of a Kind”！ There is no other person that thinks exactly like you.When you begin to sincerely believe how special you are，it's easier to fight the negative selftalk.
•Change your associations
Your negative selftalk comes from your environment.You didn't just accidentally wake up one day thinking of bad things about yourself.It may be because someone，somewhere in your life has told you negative things about you and whether you accept it or not，you believe them.However，if you surround yourself with the right people，they will build you up，inspire you and make you feel better.__3__.
•Change your dialogue
Read and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day.Look at yourself in the mirror and say，“I am amazing！” __4__， and you'll believe you are awesome pretty soon.
Of course，there are other things to stop negative selftalk.__5__， but if you are determined to think positively in every situation，that will bring a positive change in your life.
A．Think the same way
B．Change is not easy
C．Change your position
D．It begins in your brain
E．Change your state of mind
F．You'll seek out the right people to help change your thoughts
G．You'll start to believe the great things they tell you little by little
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何停止消极的自我对话。
1．D [空前一句是说如果你的答案是肯定的，那么你所经历的就是消极的自我对话。空后是说你对自己说一些不真实的情况，由此可推知，D项“它始于你的大脑”衔接上下文，符合语境。]
2．E [根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。本段内容都是在描述一个人好的心态的表现，故E项“改变你的心态”最能概括本段内容。]
3．G [根据空前一句“然而，如果你结交了正确的人，他们会让你振作起来，激励你，让你感觉更好”可知，G项“你会开始逐渐地相信他们告诉你的美好的事情”衔接上文，符合语境。]
4．A [空前一句是说看着镜子中的自己对自己说“我太棒了”，空后是说你很快就会相信你很棒，由此可知A项符合语境。]
5．B [空后表示“但如果你决心在任何情况下都积极思考，这将给你的生活带来积极的改变”。其中but为表转折意义的提示词，故B项“改变并不容易”符合语境，衔接下文。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·南昌市重点中学段考)In today's world of mobile payment，all we really need 1.________(survive)is a smartphone.But one company is hoping to make traditional wallets cool again，by 2.________(bring)them into the digital age.
Armenian firm Volterman's smart wallet takes security to a new level.It's fitted with different technology，such as 3.________ alarm，a GPS tracker，and even a camera.If your smartphone and wallet become separate，the alarm will warn you 4.________ you don't leave it behind.And if your wallet 5.________(lose)or stolen，the GPS tracker can help you reach it.
Even 6.________(interesting)is the frontfacing camera.“If someone dares to open your wallet 7.______ permission，a little camera inside 8.________(take) a picture and send it to your mobile phone.You will find it 9.________(easy)by receiving a picture of the thief，” Azat Tovmasyan，Volterman's founder，told news site Banks.am.
The hightech wallet will be released later this year and will come in three 10.________(model)，with the cheapest expected to cost $179.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种即将上市的智能钱包。
1．to survive [考查非谓语动词。need to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“需要做某事”。句意：在当今的移动支付世界，我们生存真正需要的是一部智能手机。]
2．bringing [考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词by可知，空处作该介词的宾语，故用动名词形式。句意：但有一家公司希望通过将传统钱包带入数字时代，让它们再次变酷。]
3．an [考查冠词。根据该句中的“a GPS tracker，and even a camera”并结合语境可知，该处泛指“一个警报器”，且alarm的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。]
4．so [考查连词。句意：如果你的智能手机和钱包分开了，警报器会提醒你，这样你就不会忘记它。根据空处前后的句意可知，空处前后表示因果关系，故用so引导该结果状语从句。]
5．is lost [考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到它。if引导的条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，故空处用一般现在时；根据语境可知，空处表示丢失的状态，故用is lost。]
6．more interesting [考查形容词的比较级。上文介绍了如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到的情况，结合该句中的“Even”可知，此处表示“更令人感兴趣的是前置摄像头”。故该处用形容词的比较级。]
7．without [考查介词。根据语境可知，如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小相机就会拍下照片并发送到你的智能手机上。without permission意为“未经允许”，为固定用法 。]
8．will take [考查时态。分析句子结构可知，该句为主从复合句，从句为if引导的条件状语从句，使用了一般现在时，故主句用一般将来时。句意：如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小相机就会拍下照片并发送到你的智能手机上。]
9．easily [考查副词。空处修饰动词“find”，故用副词形式。]
10．models [考查名词的单复数。model为可数名词，根据空前的数词“three”可知，该处用复数形式。句意：这种高科技钱包的三个模型将于今年晚些时候上市，预计最便宜的价格是179美元。]
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2019·贵州省适应性考试)假定你是李华，为了帮助参加“一带一路”交流项目的来华留学生更好地了解中国的传统文化，你所在的学校决定举办春节联欢活动。请给你的朋友Paul写一封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1．时间、地点及参与者；
2．活动：写“福”字、包饺子、学剪纸等；
3．目的：感受“年”味及传统文化的魅力。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：一带一路One Belt One Road
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【参考范文】
Dear Paul，
How is everything going here in China? I am writing to tell you that our school will hold a Spring Festival celebration in the Art Center on January 28. And we will invite all the students from the One Belt One Road exchange program to participate to know more about Chinese culture. I hope you can come too.
During the celebration, we will write the Chinese character Fu, make dumplings and learn paper cutting. We hope these will help you experience the Spring Festival atmosphere. Besides, the celebration will show the charm of Chinese traditional culture.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
