2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习学案选修10units1－2buildingthefuture&peopleonthemove



三言
两语
1.As is stated above，a conclusion can be drawn that this volunteer activity is well worth taking part.
2．Based on the view above，we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that diligence is of great benefit to our development and improvement.
3．Judging by the figures，we can easily be aware of the severity of the problem.
1.发展中国家真正需要做的是通过解决贫困的源头来消除贫困。
What_developing_countries_really_need_to_do is to stop poverty by fighting the causes of it.
2．这就是为什么对年轻人的教育和培养是如此重要。
This_is_why education and training for young people is so important.

[单词　拼写应用]
核心单词
1．beyond prep.超出(……之外)；非……所能及；在(或向)……的那一边
2．repay vt.偿还；报答
3．flexible adj.能适应新情况的，灵活的，有弹性的
4．rent n．租金 vt.租用，租借；出租
5．privilege n．荣幸；特权 vt.给予特权；特别优待
6．clarify vt.阐明；澄清；净化
7．rob vt.抢劫，盗取
8．permanent adj.永久的，长久的
9．dilemma n．(进退两难的)窘境，困境
10．squeeze n．拮据，经济困难；挤压 vt.挤压；挤出，挤入
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Reporters asked the Congressman to_clarify(clarify) his position on the issue.
2．We rented(rent) a car for the week and explored the area.
3．We should stick to the principles and be flexible(flexibly) at work as well.
4．My parents did take me to specialists.Unluckily，it was determined that I had an eye disease that slowly robbed(rob) a person of sight.
5．The paint gives woodwork permanent(permanently) protection against the weather.
6．Hannah was busy with work then but she still tried her best to_squeeze(squeeze) out some time from her tight schedule to visit her mother.
7．In the latest election(elect)，Mary was made chairwoman of the Student Union.
拓展单词
1．politics n．政治，政治学→politician n．从政者，政客→political adj.政治的
2．expense n．费用，开销→expensive adj.昂贵的
3．weak adj.柔弱的，虚弱的；无力的，软弱的→weaken vi.& vt.削弱，减弱→weakness n．弱点，缺点
4．create vt.创造→creativity n．创造力→creation n．创造，创建→creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的
5．adjust vi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节→adjustment n．调整→adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的
6．hopeful adj.抱有希望的→hopefully adv.可望，有望；抱有希望地→hopeless adj.没有希望的，无望的
7．retire vi.&vt.退休，(令)退职；退出(房间、比赛等)→retirement n．退休
8．catering n．餐饮服务，酒席承办→cater vi.&vt.(为社交活动)提供饮食，承办酒席
9．elect vi.&vt.选择(做某事)；选举→election n．选举，推选
10．physics n．物理→physicist n．物理学家→physical adj.物理的；身体的
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Though the phone is quite fashionable，as far as I am concerned，it is quite expensive.We must limit the expenses to what we can afford. (expense)
2．The foreign politician finds it really unbelievable that the students cannot discuss politics during his political lessons at the university. (politics)
3．The invention is the most important mental creation of man. We do all we can to inspire our creative thinking，expecting that we could create some new things for the human. I regard creativity both as a gift and as a skill. (create)
4．Hopefully，after two years' patient encouragement，the hopeless kid became hopeful in all fields. (hope)
5．When Mr. Green retired，his company was worse off.So he showed great anxiety concerning their retirement allowance. (retire)
6．The height of the bicycle seat is adjustable，you can make constant adjustments according to your son's height. (adjust)
7．I want to elect you monitor，but to tell the truth，I can't undertake that you will win in the election. (elect)
阅读单词
1．pregnant adj.怀孕的
2．infrastructure n．基础建设，基础设施
3．conventional adj.传统的，常规的，依照惯例的
4．ox n．牛；去势的公牛
5．tentative adj.暂定的，不确定的；踌躇的，犹豫不定的
6．systematic adj.蓄意的；系统的；成体系的
7．bingo n．宾戈游戏
8．herb n．芳草；药草
9．seagull n．海鸥
10．Oceania n．大洋洲
11．botany n．植物学
12．biochemistry n．生物化学
13．analytical adj.分析的；解析的
14．bungalow n．平房；独座房屋
15．botanical garden n．植物园
16．brain drain n．(国家的)人才流失
17．the Council of Europe n．欧洲理事会
18．gay n．同性恋者(尤指男性) adj.同性恋的；愉快的

1．(2019·天津卷)Two hours later，back at my house，I heard a knock on the door.返回
2．(2019·天津卷)My husband answered it while I was on the phone in the dining room.应门；去开门(迎客)

[短语　多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.make_the_headlines 成为重要新闻
2．put_pressure_on_somebody_(to_do_something) 促使，迫使
3．catch_up_on 补上，补做
4．at_best 充其量，至多
5．on_top_of 除……之外；在……上面(方)
6．push_for_something 迫切要求，反复争取
7．turn_into 变成
[语境运用]　选用左边短语的适当形式填空
In today's newspaper，a panic buying for salt ①makes_the_headlines.The rumor that the markets are short of salt ②put_pressure_on the citizens to buy salt crazily. The government is doing something to ③catch_up_on the worse situation. The police has begun to look into the shoppers. It is reported the market will return to normal ④at_best in a week.
8.beyond_doubt 毫无疑问
9．at_a_crossroads 处于关键时刻
10．put_something_into_practice 实施，把……付诸实践
11．make_sense 是明智的；是有道理的
12．one's_(own)_flesh_and_blood 亲骨肉，亲人
13．be_on_the_move 迁移中，行进中
[语境运用]　选用左边短语的适当形式填空
Mark，whose factory went bankrupt，was sad and depressed those days.⑤Beyond_doubt，his parents were very worried about him. The kid，after all，was ⑥their_own_flesh_and_blood.⑦At_a_crossroads，they decided to give all the savings to him，expecting him to start a new undertaking. Mark thought what his parents did made sense. He began to cheer up and ⑧put his ideas into_practice.Soon，his business took on a new look.
[句式　结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.while引导的让步状语从句
While they are seeing great development，they are still poorer than many countries in other parts of the world，and there is a danger that they could fall further behind developed countries.
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·满分作文)尽管汉语有点难学，但我相信只要你努力，不久你会成功。
While_Chinese_is_a_little_hard_to_learn，I believe that if you work hard，you will succeed soon.
2.现在分词短语作结果状语
These things provide a framework for new jobs to be created，allowing people to help themselves so that they no longer need to depend on others.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·写作佳句)我会说流利的英语和汉语，这使我帮助来自全球各地的游客毫无问题。
I can speak fluent Chinese and English making it no problem for me to help visitors from all over the world.
3.where引导的定语从句
However，very high interest rates have created a situation where countries in the developing world now spend $13 on debt repayment for every $ 1 that they received.
(2017·浙江卷·满分作文)我们要花大约一个小时才能到达山顶，在山顶我们稍作休息。
It'll take us about one hour to reach the top where_we_will_have_a_rest.

1．beyond prep.超出(……之外)；非……所能及；在(或向)……的那一边；超过；迟于；除……之外
beyond belief/recognition/words 难以置信/认不出来/无法言表
beyond doubt 毫无疑问
beyond the horizon 地平线以外
beyond one's reach 在某人够不着的地方
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
be beyond sb.对于某人来说难以理解

extend much beyond these facts远超出这些事实
push his men beyond the limits of human endurance把他的人逼迫到了忍无可忍的地步
beyond what he earned as a teacher除了当老师挣得的钱之外
beyond the reach of British police英国警察鞭长莫及
be beyond the new trainees对新学员来说难以理解

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It is thought that the scenery of the West Lake is beautiful beyond description
(describe)．
②I am sorry；it is beyond my power to finish the difficult task within an hour.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他们夺冠的实力无可置疑。
①There_is_no_doubt__about_their_ability_to_win_the_championship.(no doubt)
②Their_ability_to_win_the_championship_was__beyond_doubt.(beyond doubt)
2．expense n．费用，开销
daily expenses/living expenses 日常开销/生活费用
at sb.'s expense 由某人付费
at the expense of 以牺牲(损害)……为代价
afford the expense of 负担得起……的费用
cut down/reduce expenses 削减开支
spare no expense不惜费用

provide safety equipment at our own expense由我们自己付费提供安全设备
finish the research at the expense of his health以牺牲他的健康为代价完成了这项研究
meet/cover their basic living expenses支付他们的基本生活费用
spare no expense in building a villa for himself不惜工本为他自己建了一幢别墅

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①If you are not totally satisfied，return it at our expense.
②They are worth having but not at the expense of better services.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我将在岗位上不遗余力把工作做好。
①I_will_spare_no_efforts__to_do_a_good_job_on_my_post.(effort)
②I_will__do_my_best__to_do_a_good_job_on_my_post.(do)
③I_will__spare_no_expense__to_do_a_good_job_on_my_post.(expense)
[名师点津]　expense作“开支，花费”讲时常用复数形式。
3．elect vi.&vt.选择(做某事)；选举
(1)elect sb.(as)．..选举某人担任……(as后接职位)
elect sb.to...选举某人到……(to后接机构)
(2)elect to do sth.选择做某事
elect sb.to do sth.选举某人做某事
(3)election n．选举

be elected as/to be vice president当选为副总统
be elected to parliament by a large majority以多数票入选议会
be elected to solve the problem of poverty被选举出来解决贫困问题
elect to remain at home选择留在家里

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The election(elect) was held six months ahead of schedule.
②Besides，in November they may elect him as president.
③Increasing numbers of people elect to_work(work) from home nowadays.
[能力提升]——一句多译
罗斯福4次当选为美国总统。
①Roosevelt_was_elected_four_times_as__president_of_the_US.
②Roosevelt_was_chosen__four_times__as__president_of_the_US.
[名师点津]　elect表示“选举”时，主要指选举某人担任某职务。若所涉及的职务只有一个，如总统、市长、船长等，表示该职务的名词前通常不用冠词。
4．privilege n．荣幸；特权 vt.给予特权，特别优待
(1)a privilege to do sth./of doing sth.有幸做某事
have the privilege to do/of doing sth.＝have the right to do sth.有做某事的特权
(2)privileged adj.享有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的
be privileged to do sth.做某事是荣幸的

have the privilege to use the library有使用这个图书馆的特权
be privileged to work with him和他一起工作是很荣幸的
come from a priviledged background出身于特权阶层

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①We all feel privileged(privilege) to be invited here.
②He's glad that he has the privilege to_have(have) the chance.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)We are privileged to have a distinguished guest with us tonight.
(高级表达)It_is_a_privilege_for_us_to have a distinguished guest tonight.(用it作形式主语改写)
5．clarify vt.阐明，使更清晰易懂，澄清；净化
(1)clarify one's position(on)阐明(……方面的)立场
clarify what/how/...澄清……
(2)clarification n．澄清；解释

clarify his position阐明他的立场
clarify what the change in the law will mean说明法律的变更意味着什么
require clarification of any of these matters想弄清楚这些事情
seek clarification from the judge向法官讨说法

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Please contact us if you require clarification(clarify) of any of these matters.
②He was required to_clarify(clarify) his position at once.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
(普通表达)He is expected to make his position on welfare reform clear today.
(高级表达)He is expected to_clarify_his_position_on welfare reform today.
6．on top of 除……之外；在……上面(方)
on top在顶部；处于领先地位
at the top of在……上面
at the top of one's voice高声地
from top to bottom从上到下；彻底

on top of the desk在桌子上面(方)
on top of his financial problems除了他的经济问题之外

[基础练习]——用适当的介词填空
①You can arrange things from top to bottom or by some other order.
②Our team stayed on top throughout most of the match.
[能力提升]——完成句子
山顶上坐落着一个你能一览全城美景的古老的小屋。
①At_the_top_of the hill lies an old cottage where you can have a wonderful view of the whole city.
在余下的比赛中她一直领先。
②She remained on_top for the rest of the match.
7．make sense 是明智的；是有道理的；有意义，讲得通
(1)make sense of理解；明白
make no sense没意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
There is no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没道理/意义

It makes sense to keep safe保证安全是明智的
make sense to us对我们有意义

[基础练习]——用适当的介词填空
①In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
②What she says is true in a sense，but not always.
③I'll speak slowly so that you can make sense of what I say.
[能力提升]——完成句子
①只是为了省一点钱买最便宜牌子的电脑没有意义。
It_doesn't_make_sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②在我看来，现在你为这事不安是没意义的。
As far as I'm concerned，there_is_no_sense_in getting upset about it now.
8．(教材P9)However，very high interest rates have created a_situation_where countries in the developing world now spend $13 on debt repayment for every $1 that they received.但是，很高的利率造成了这样一个局面：发展中国家现在每得到1美元就要花13美元还债。
(1)本句是一个主从复合句，where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situation。situation“形势，局面”，是表示抽象意义的地点名词，后跟定语从句时，一般用关系副词where。
(2)除situation外，英语中还有下列表示抽象意义的地点名词，其后常用where引导定语从句，如case，point，scene，activity，stage，atmosphere
等。
[金句推送](2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?
②They have reached the point where they have to break up with each other.
[能力提升]——一句多译
战后，一栋新楼房在剧院的旧址上建立了起来。
①After_the__war，a_new_building_was_set_up_where_there_had _once_been_ a_theatre.(where引导状语从句)
②After_the_war，a_new_building_was_set_up_in_the_place _where__there_had _once_been_a_theatre.(where引导定语从句)

多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．In addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses(expense)．
2．We are very privileged(privilege) today to take part in the unique occasion with our Chinese friends.
3．She became the first black woman to_be_elected(elect)to the Senate.
4．The report aims to_clarify(clarify) how these conclusions were reached.
5．You should seek clarification (clarify) of this matter before they arrived here.
6．We have to make a few adjustments(adjustment) to our original design.
7．In America，presidential elections(election) are held every four years.
8．She found it difficult to establish a new routine after retirement (retire)．
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．I am afraid it is beyond my power to do what you are asking.
2．Prisoners have legal rights，but in practice these rights are not always respected.
3．Did you make sense of what the teacher said just now?
4．After what seemed a very long time, I opened my eyes and found myself in bed!
5．On top of all his financial problems，his wife left him.
6．People living near the airport are pushing for new restrictions on night flights.
7．It's the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature.
8．Jack is not very decisive，and he always finds himself in a dilemma as if he doesn't know what he really wants to do.
维度3——查缺补漏
单句语法填空
1．He comes home late every evening，making (make) his wife very angry.
2．Shy people often avoid situations where close contact with other people is needed.
3．It seems that the discussion will very soon turn into an argument.
4．Nothing can weaken (weak) his determination to become a lawyer.
5．It is reported that the terrible accident robbed the young mother of her legs.
单句改错
6．Poach the pears in apple juice for perhaps ten minutes for best.第二个for→at
7．He made clear that he objected.made后加it
8．In his work he often finds himself at a dilemma.at→in
9．Reporters asked him to clarify his position in welfare reform.in→on
10．After he lived in several cities，he decided to live in London permanent.
permanent→permanently
维度4——话题写作
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①上周一，我们班举行了班长选举。
Last Monday，a monitor election was__held in our class.
②班主任阐明每个人都有权投票。
The teacher in charge of our class stated that everyone could have_the_right_ to_vote.
③候选人除了学习之外，还要发表一个演讲，告诉我们如若当选会为我们做什么。
On_top_of_his_study，the candidates need to give a speech telling us what they would do if they were_elected.
④理解了班主任的意图之后，选举开始。
The election began after all of us made_sense_of what the teacher meant.
⑤两个小时之后，王红赢得多数票，当选为新班长。
Two hours later，Wang Hong won_the_majority so she became our new monitor.
⑥我们都为她喝彩，而且她也承诺会竭尽全力为我们工作，绝不会以牺牲我们为代价做任何事。
We all cheered for her and she promised to_do_her__best for us all and not to do anything at the expense of us all.
2．升级平淡句
①利用clarify和privilege升级1中句②
The_teacher_in_charge_of_our_class_clarified_that_everyone_could_have_the_privilege_of_voting.
②利用现在分词becoming作状语升级1中句⑤
Two_hours_later，Wang_Hong_won_the_majority，becoming_ our_new_monitor.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：on top of)
Last Monday，a monitor election was held in our class.The teacher in charge of our class clarified that everyone could have the privilege of voting.On top of his study，the candidates need to give a speech telling us what they would do if they were elected.The election began after all of us made sense of what the teacher meant.Two hours later，Wang Hong won the majority，becoming our new monitor.We all cheered for her and she promised to do her best for us all and not to do anything at the expense of us all.