2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦学案：必修5Unit2　Theenvironment

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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．debate n．& vi．辩论；争论，讨论
2．recycle vt.& vi. 回收利用
3．greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的
4．credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分
5．arrest vt.& n. 逮捕
6．clap vi.& vt. 鼓掌，拍手
7．flood n. 洪水；大批，大量
vt.& vi. 泛滥；淹没；大量涌入
8．decade n. 十年
9．customs n. 海关；关税
10．conservation n. (对自然环境的)保护
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．duty n. 责任，义务，本分
2．quantity n. 数量
3．willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的
4．decrease vt.& vi.& n. 减少
5．measure n. 措施，方法；尺度
vt. 测量；估量，判定
6．particular adj. 专指的，特指的；特别
的；讲究的，挑剔的
7．queue vi. 排队等候
n. 队，行列
8．conflict vi. 冲突，抵触
n. 冲突；矛盾
9．range n. 范围；一系列；山脉
vi. (在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．consultant n. 顾问→consult vt.& vi.查阅；请教；商议
2．production n．产量；生产→produce vt.& vi.生产，制造→product n．产品；产物
3．responsibility n．责任，职责→responsible adj.应承担责任的
4．belief n．看法；信念→believe vt.相信
5．environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境
6．operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术→operation n．操作；经营；手术→operator n. 操作员；话务员
7．arrival n．到来，抵达；到达者→arrive vi.到达
8．impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n．印象→impressive adj.给人印象深刻的
9．illegally adv.非法地→illegal adj.违法的，非法的→legal adj.合法的
10．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→appreciation n．欣赏；鉴别；感激
11．electrical adj.电的，用电的→electric adj.电的；用电的；能发电的→electricity n．电；电学；电流
12．consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n．消费者，用户，顾客→consumption n．消费
13．absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注→absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n．专注；吸收

1.可怕的“自然灾害”
①flood 洪水
②typhoon 台风
③tsunami 海啸
④tornado 龙卷风
⑤sandstorm 沙尘暴
⑥earthquake 地震
⑦eruption (火山)喷发
⑧hurricane 飓风
2.帮您记“sult”易混词
①consult v．查阅；请教
②consultant n. 顾问，咨询师
③insult n. 侮辱(的言行)
④result n. 结果
3．“感激”家族
①appreciate ②appreciation
③grateful ④gratitude
⑤thank ⑥thankful
4.速记“环境”相关词
①environment n．环境
②environmental adj. 环境的
③pollution n. 污染
④waste n. 废料，垃圾
⑤atmosphere n. 大气层
⑥natural adj. 自然的
⑦haze n. 雾霾
⑧fog n. 雾
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．open_the_floor 自由发言
2．cut_back_on 减少，削减，缩减
3．use_up 用尽
4．run_out_(of) 用完，耗尽
5．clean_up 打扫(或清除)干净
6．queue_up 排队等候
7．pick_out 找出，挑选
8．under_way 进行中
9．in/with_regard_to 关于，至于
10．let_off 排放
11．in_particular 尤其，特别
12．do_one’s_part 尽自己的职责
13．result_in 导致
14．rely_on...for... 依赖……提供……
15．ask_around 四处打听
16．blame...on... 把……归咎于……
17．put...in_danger 把……置于危险之地
18．in_use 在使用中

1.“v.＋up”短语荟萃
①turn up 出现，到场
②make up 组成；弥补；编造
③pick up 捡起，拾起；学到
④speed up 加速
⑤link up 联合，连接
⑥use up 用尽
2.let短语一览
①let alone 不管；不打扰
②let down 放下；使失望
③let out 放出；泄露；出租
④let off 排放
⑤let pass 放过；不追究
⑥let in 允许进入；容许
3.“in＋n.”短语联想
①in particular　　尤其，特别
②in turn 依次，反过来
③in common 共同，共用
④in detail 详细地
⑤in general 普遍地，一般地
⑥in use 在使用中
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：完全倒装
With_me_are_Ms_Lin_Shuiqing,_from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant.
和我在一起的是来自“绿色社会”的林水清和经济发展顾问钱立伟。
句型2：倍数表达法：倍数＋what从句
The world’s population has grown by six_times_what_it_was_in_1800.
与1800年相比，世界人口的数量已增长了六倍。
句型3：it作形式宾语
I liked_it_when you told that joke.
我很喜欢你讲那个笑话。
句型4：the ＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..越……就越……
Therefore, the_more petrol and electricity we consume, the_more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．The government will take measures(措施) to help college graduates to find jobs in 2021.
2．(2019·浙江卷6月)First of all, uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular(特殊的) group.
3．The trouble with the global warming debate(争论) is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one.
4．I have taught many children who held the belief(信念) that their selfworth relied on how well they performed.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we appreciate(感激) it and the gifts.
6．Since her arrival(arrive) at the company, she has reorganized several departments.
7．In order to make a lot of money, some people hunt rare animals illegally(legal)．
8．Because she is under age, her parents still take the responsibility(responsible) for her.
9．(2018·浙江卷6月)I was impressed(impress) to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.They looked really cool.
10．If we recycled(recycle) more waste, there wouldn’t be so much pollution.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they leave a deep impression on visitors from home and abroad.To tell you the truth, I am deeply impressed by its beautiful scenery.(impress)
2．Good natural environment is vital to us.We shouldn’t sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.(environment)
3．The man seized much land illegally．Despite his illegal act, few people thought badly of him.Some people considered it to be legal by mistake.(legal)
4．In the letter, he thanked me for my appreciating his work and my appreciation made him confident again.(appreciate)
5．A citizen should be filled with a sense of responsibility for his nation.That is to say, he should be responsible for what he does.(responsible)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
do one’s part; in particular; cut back on; open the floor; with/in regard to; run out; use up
The population of the world is growing larger, and we are 1.using_up natural resources.What if they 2.run_out? 3.With/In_regard_to the topic, we held a class meeting and 4.opened_the_floor for discussion. As follows are the students’ opinions.Firstly, factories should try to 5.cut_back_on the products made directly from raw materials.
Secondly, the government should make stricter laws to protect the environment.Last but not least, we students 6.in_particular should 7.do_our_part to devote ourselves to sustainable development.
result in; in use; blame...on...)
With the development of society, more and more families own their private cars, which has 8.resulted_in the decline of public transport, because many people rely on cars for transportation.Some experts 9.blame the worsening environment on cars, and they appeal to people to use public transport more frequently.Meanwhile, more and more undergrounds will be 10.in_use in the near future.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他如此专注于工作，不知不觉四个小时已经过去了。
So_absorbed_in_his_work was he that four hours had passed before he knew it.
2．现在的产量是十年前的三倍。
The production is now three_times_what_it_was ten years ago.
3．我讨厌她在工作的时候给我打电话——我总是忙到没空跟她聊天。
I don’t_like_it_when_she_calls_me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
4．起初我以为我明白了老师所说的，但他越解释我就越迷惑了。
At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the more he explained，the_more_confused_I_became．

operate　vi.工作；运转；动手术　vt.操作；经营
[一词多义]——写出下列句中operate的含义
①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn’t operate properly.运转
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Computers are much easier to operate.操作
③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn’t have died.动手术
④My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station.经营
⑤This kind of material operates as a very effective protection.起作用

(1)operate on sb．给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 运转；手术
put sth. into operation 实施/施行……
　
[佳句背诵] We’re all ready to put it into operation; in other words, we’re going to take action as soon as possible.　我们都准备好将它付诸实施了；换句话说，我们将尽快采取行动。
[联想发散] “经营，管理”表达如下：
①manage；②operate；③run．
quantity　n．量；数量
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed(wash) away now.
b．With more and more forests cut down, a large quantity of soil is_being_washed(wash) away now.
②We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)Before the exam, I spent a lot of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam.
(高级表达)Before the exam, I spent a_large_quantity_of/a_great_deal_of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam.

a large/small quantity of 大量/少量的
large quantities of 大量的；许多的
in quantity 大量地　
[佳句背诵] Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.　专家说，表扬的质量比数量更重要。(2019·浙江卷6月)
[名师点津] (1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。
(2)“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
impress　 vt.使印象深刻；使……留下深刻印象；使……铭记
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi was deeply impressed by/with his music.
②a.Impressed(impress) with my performance, the interviewers gave me the highest mark in the job interview.
b．Impressing(impress) the students deeply, Mr. Li’s lesson attracts more and more students.
③(湖北卷)What was so impressive(impress) about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)我坚信今年的音乐节会给你留下深刻的印象。
④I am firmly convinced that you will_be_deeply_impressed_with this year’s music festival.(impressed)
⑤I do believe that this year’s music festival will_surely_leave_a_deep_impression_on you.(impression)

(1)impress sb.(with sth.)　 (某事)给某人留下印象
impress (sth.) on/upon sb.　使某人铭记某事
be impressed by/with... 为……所打动；对……有印象
(2)impression n．印象
make/leave a(n)．..impression on sb.
给某人留下……的印象
(3)impressive adj. 让人印象深刻的；感人的
[佳句背诵] The city of Hangzhou is really an attractive place. The famous West Lake always leaves a deep impression on visitors. I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I visited it. 　杭州真是一个吸引人的城市。著名的西湖总是给游客留下深刻的印象，我第一次参观它时就被它的美深深地打动了。
measure　n．尺寸；大小；措施　vt.测量；测定；评估；有……长(或宽、高等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.The new bridge measuring(measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed in 2021.
b．A society measured(measure) by money alone cannot be one of equal success, and it’s something no nation or community can afford to have.
②(北京卷)Although these measures(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达) It’s high time that we should_take/took_measures_to_prevent_air_from_being_polluted(采取措施防止空气污染)．
④(高级表达) It’s high time that measures_should_be_taken/were_taken_to_prevent_air_from_being_polluted．
(被动语态)

(1)measure...by... 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in... 用……来计算/衡量
(2)take measures (to do sth.)
采取措施(做某事)
make...to one’s measure
按某人的尺寸定做……　
[名师点津] measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时，若此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
[词块助记]
take effective measures　采取有效措施
measuring instruments 测量仪器
a good measure of reading comprehension
判断阅读理解力的好方法
range　n．山脉；范围；行列　v．排列；变化；包括……之间的各类事物
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.
②a.If we aren’t in/within range of the signal, our phones can’t be used.
b．(天津卷)The price was beyond our range, so we declined.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)In addition to these traditional activities, we have many different choices such as traveling and visiting our relatives or friends. (辽宁卷)
(高级表达)In addition to these traditional activities，we have a_wide_range_of choices such as traveling and visiting our relatives or friends.

(1)range from...to...＝ range between...and..．在……范围内变动
(2)a range of 一系列……
a wide range of 大范围的；各种各样的
(3)in/within range of sth. 在某范围内
out of/beyond range of sth. 在某范围外
[佳句背诵] Dragon pattern, as a traditional decorative pattern of China, has a wide range of applications in the traditional clothing and other areas.
龙纹是中国历史悠久的典型传统装饰纹样，在传统服饰以及其他领域中都有广泛的应用。
appreciate　vt.欣赏；感激；理解；明白
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)For many students, Wilson’s help is not only appreciated(appreciate), it’s also entirely necessary for them to be able to complete their college education.
②a.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d appreciate your writing(write) me back at your earliest convenience.
b．I appreciate being_given(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。
③I’d appreciate_it if you could take
my suggestions into consideration.
④I’d be_grateful if you could take my advice into account.

(1)appreciate sth./(one’s) doing sth.
感激某事物/(某人) 做某事
I would appreciate it if...
如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏，感激　
[佳句背诵] In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your help.
在这封信中，我想向你对我的帮助表示真诚的感谢。
[名师点津] (1)appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动名词作宾语。作“感激；感谢”讲时，其宾语不能是人，只能是事或物。
(2)当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, depend, rely on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再加宾语从句。
particular　adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的　n．细节；细目
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He is a very openminded man, and won’t be particular about these small things.
②This kind of food is rich in nutrition, and in particular it contains a lot of minerals.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)在中国参加朋友的晚宴时，你要行为举止恰当，尤其要注意餐桌礼仪。
When you attend your friend’s dinner party in China, you’d better behave properly, particularly_paying_attention_to_minding_your_table_manners．

(1)be particular about/over sth.
对……讲究/挑剔
(2)in particular＝particularly
尤其；特别；格外　
[佳句背诵] To be honest, we are particularly grateful to him for his timely help.
诚实地说，我们特别感谢他的及时帮助。
[联想发散] 表示“尤其；特别”的副词还有：①specially；②especially．
absorb　v．吸收；理解；掌握；吸引(兴趣)；使专心
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.The Smiths were so absorbed(absorb) in watching TV that they didn’t hear the knock on the door.
b．The novel was so absorbing(absorb) that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.
②(北京卷)When deeply absorbed(absorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)Tom was_absorbed_in(专心致志于) watching the basketball match and he didn’t notice his classmate coming up to him.
④(高级表达)Absorbed_in_watching_the_basketball_match,_Tom didn’t notice his classmate coming up to him.(分词短语作状语)

(1)absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
(2)absorbed adj. 精神集中的
be absorbed in 专心致志于；全神贯注于
(3)absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的；引人入胜的
[名师点津] be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in...。类似的结构还有：be lost in...陷入……，专心致志于……；be caught in...被困在……；be buried in...埋头于……；be devoted to...致力于……，专心于……；be occupied in/with...忙于……；be involved in...专注于……
cut back on　减少，消减，缩减
[基础练习]——用cut的相关短语填空
①If we cannot sell more, we will have to cut_back_on production.
②If you want to lose weight you have to cut_down_on fatty foods.
③I’m sorry to cut_in on you, but there are two things I don’t understand.
④You smoke too much—you should try to cut_down．
⑤You must cut_up the vegetables before you eat it.

cut down on 削减，减少，缩减
cut off 切断(供应)；中断(电话通话等)
cut down 砍倒；削减
cut out 删除；裁剪
cut up 切碎
cut in 插嘴；超车；插入　
[佳句背诵] As far as I know, several companies are cutting back on staff at the moment.
据我所知，目前一些公司正在减员。
run out (of)　(某物)用完，耗尽
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·北京卷) If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.
b．(江苏卷)—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is running out．
②When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many difficulties.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我的钱已经花完了，因此我买不起这本词典。
③I have_run_out_of/have_used_up my money, so I can’t afford to buy this dictionary.
④My money has_run_out/has_been_run_out_of/has_given_out,_so I can’t afford to buy this dictionary.
⑤With money running_out,_I can’t afford to buy this dictionary.

(1)use up 用完；耗尽
give out 用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽
(2)run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追踪
run into 撞上；碰见　
[佳句背诵] ①Many developing countries all attach great importance to environmental protection because a load of limited resources are running out.
许多发展中国家都高度重视环境保护，因为大量的有限资源正在耗尽。
②Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates.
这些年以来，我遇到了以前的学生，从他们那得到了老同学的近况。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
pick out　挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解
[一词多义]——写出下列句中pick out的含义
①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.挑出
②Although he had not seen his sister for twenty years, he picked her out as soon as she got off the plane.辨别出
③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.领会
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I’m wondering if you can meet him at the airport at your convenience.(全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)I’m wondering if you can pick_him_up at the airport at your convenience.

pick up　拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；
(偶然)学会；用车接某人；
收听到；身体好转
pick one’s pocket 扒窃，掏包　
[佳句背诵] The village officials are directed to pick out two villagers who are badly off and give them special help to get rid of poverty as soon as possible.
村官们被指示挑选出两名贫困的村民，并给予他们特殊的帮助，尽快让他们脱贫。

it作形式宾语
(教材P31)I liked it when you told that joke.　
我很喜欢你讲那个笑话。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(重庆卷)I would appreciate it if you could tell me more about the activity.
②Li Ping doesn’t like it when you point out her mistakes.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我们可以相信他会准时到这儿。
We can depend/rely_on_it_that_he_will_arrive_here_on_time．
④我在研究工作中取得如此巨大的成果应归功于你。
I owe_it_to_you_that I have achieved such great results in my research work.

句中like是及物动词，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的从句。
(1)英语中在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要用形式宾语it，然后再　加真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等。
(2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后加真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on, rely on, see to(确保)等。
[名师点津] 类似用法的结构还有：owe it to sb.(把……归功于某人)和take it for granted...(认为……理所当然)。
the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..越……，就越……
(教材P39)Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.　
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The higher the ground is, the thinner(thin) air becomes.
②The more a person reads, the wiser(wise) he will become.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③你越努力，你的进步就越大。
The harder you work, the_greater_progress_you_will_make．

the more..., the more... ……越多，……就越多
the more..., the less... 越……，越不……
the more..., the better... ……越多，……就越好　
[佳句背诵] It was our teacher who reminded us that the more confident we were, the more likely we were to succeed.
是我们的老师提醒我们，我们越自信，就越有可能成功。

维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Every city in China is doing its best to take measures (measure) to fight against pollution.
2．Absorbed(absorb) in photographing herself, the girl didn’t know what happened outside.
3．Large quantities of water are_needed(need) for cooling purpose, which we all know.
4．I often do absentminded things, particularly(particular) when I’m worried.
5．He cleverly inserted mirrors above the window to create an impression(impress) of space.
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．This hall to be built is four times what it was two years ago.
2．The higher position you are holding, the more responsibility you have.
3．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
4．I hate it when you don’t say what you are thinking.
5．The two companies often come into frequent conflict with each other as a result of competition.
维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.延伸
2．As an operator, Rosy has to answer many calls from all over the country every day.话务员
3．The schoolmaster said that some measures should be taken to stop the school violence.措施
4．The headmaster delivered an important speech at the meeting yesterday, which left a deep impression on his students.印象
5．However, I quite appreciate your effort to introduce Chinese culture, which will surely bridge the gap between our countries.感谢
维度四　易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．I hate when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.在hate后加it
2．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measured over 90 meters.measured→measuring
3．I believe that the more books I read, more knowledge I learn.在第二个more前加the
4．Our food has been run out, so we must go to the market before our guests arrive.删除been
5．Large quantities of information, as well as money, has been offered since the organization was built.
has→have
6．When I came in, I saw my son sitting under the tree, absorbing in his video games.
absorbing→absorbed
7．Many teachers hold a belief which extended studying time doesn’t necessarily improve their students’ grades.which→that
8．She picked out Spanish when she was living in Mexico.out→up
维度五　完成句子/句型转换
1．谢谢你的鼓励，它让我相信我们也可以有所作为。
Thank you for your encouragement.It makes me hold the belief that_we_can_also_make_a_difference．
2．老师让学生铭记课堂上做笔记的重要性。
The teacher impressed_on/upon_his_students_the_importance_of making notes in class.
3．战争持续得越久，那里的人们受难就越多。
The_longer the war lasts, the_more the people there will suffer.
4．The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.
→The newly broadened square is three_times_bigger_than the previous one.
→The newly broadened square is four_times_as_big_as the previous one.
→The newly broadened square is four_times_the_size_of the previous one.

提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Dear James，
Recently, we had a heated debate 1.over the massive usage of robots in industry. It is reported that the number of robots used in industry is five times 2.more(many) than ten years ago. Large 3.quantities(quantity) of robots, which are easy 4.to_operate(operate), will be put in use in the near future. Robots can help cut back 5.on cost, and 6.particularly(particular), improve the production. Some believe that the more robots are used, the 7.better(good) it is for our development. But I hold the 8.belief(believe) that it may cause high unemployment. Our government should take the 9.responsibility(responsible) to take effective measures to help those workers losing their jobs.
I would appreciate 10.it if you could give us your opinions. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我们可以采取一些措施来保护我们的环境。
We can take_some_measures to protect our environment.
②对我们来说，有责任感是非常重要的。
It’s very essential for us to have a_sense_of_responsibility．
③只有意识到了保护环境的重要性，我们才会尽职尽责。
We are_willing_to_do_our_part for the environment only when we realize the importance of protecting it.
④我们应该改变我们的生活方式，尽量不排放二氧化碳。
We should change our living styles, trying not to let_off carbon dioxide.
⑤最重要的是，我们应该尽力减轻对环境的压力，以使我们生活得更美好。
Above all, we should try our best to_cut_down_on the pressure of the environment in order to live a better life.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用倒装结构升级句③
Only_when_we_realize_the_importance_of_protecting_the_environment_are_we_willing_to_do_our_part_for_it.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：firstly, secondly)
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One possible version：
We can take some measures to protect our environment.Firstly, it’s very essential for us to have a sense of responsibility.Only when we realize the importance of protecting the environment are we willing to do our part for it.Secondly, we should change our living styles, trying not to let off carbon dioxide.Above all, we should try our best to cut down on the pressure of the environment in order to live a better life.

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·马鞍山质量预测)

World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won’t be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。
1．Why is World Environment Day set up?
A．To make people know more about nature.
B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D．To encourage people to plan the earth’s future.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可知，世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选B。
2．What do people do on World Environment Day?
A．Decide a host city.
B．Hold a theme party.
C．Discuss environmental ideas.
D．Show some plastic products.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可知，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选C。
3．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in Paragraph 3?
A．Highcost. B．Poorquality.
C．Secondhand. D．Singleuse.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可知，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D。
4．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Every bit of effort counts.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
A　解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它。所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要(Every bit of effort counts.)，故选A。Doing is better than saying.“行胜于言。”；Many hands make light work.“众人拾柴火焰高。”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.“有志者事竟成。”
B
(2020·长沙统一模拟)

When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier. But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn’t there anymore.
Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a fulltime lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell, US, an idea for a class.
This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies. She used the experiences of Native American tribes(部落), scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”
Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者). Then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.
Dillon wasn’t going into environmental work—he was a computerscience major. Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a fulltime volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢复) projects.
Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.
Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.
“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted，” she said. “The future isn’t going to be what they imagined.”
【解题导语】　Fawn Sharp通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到了冰川融化的严重性，同时Jennifer Wren Atkinson给学生开设了课程，教学生如何面对气候变化，她的课程让很多学生关注环境问题。
5．Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?
A．To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s further research.
B．To prove Fawn Sharp’s work is similar to Atkinson’s.
C．To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.
D．To show scientists’ concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.
C　解析：推理判断题。通读第一段可知，Fawn Sharp在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导致了冰川融化；由此可推知，作者在第一段中提及Fawn Sharp的例子是为了引出下文气候变化导致环境问题的话题，故选C。
6．What’s the main purpose of Atkinson’s class?
A．To explore how different people deal with climate change.
B．To get students more concerned about the environmental issue.
C．To find solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains.
D．To teach students how to conduct research about environment.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she taught students...the emotional burdens of environmental studies...and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that ‘this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.’”可知，她给学生讲环境研究的情感压力，她让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实——这是“一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它。”由此可知，Atkinson的课程目的是让学生们更加关注环境问题，故选B。
7．Which of the following words best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A．Simple. B．Difficult.
C．Common. D．Interesting.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据上文可知，Atkinson用美洲土著部落、科学家以及积极分子们的经历让她的24个学生面对没有简单的解决方法这个事实，并结合该句“this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”可知，这是一个如此困难的问题以至于学生们将用他们的余生来解决它，故选B。
8．How did Atkinson’s class influence Dillon?
A．It made him work as a parttime volunteer for restoration projects.
B．It made him realize a planetwide climate disaster would happen.
C．It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.
D．It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Six months into the work...discuss his concerns about a changing climate.”可知，Dillon在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后，他认为在Atkinson的课堂上他可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧；由此可推知，Atkinson的课程鼓励Dillon参与环境保护，故选C。
完形填空
(2020·山西八校联考)Heroes come in different shapes and sizes. Some are born to give others a __1__. Then there are the people who __2__ happen to be in the right place at the right time. That was the __3__ for John Underwood.
On a cold evening, a storm __4__ near his home. Underwood was heading over to help his sister when the roads were __5__. He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help. “My __6__ is that if I have the ability to do good, then I should do it. There should be no __7__，” he said.
Underwood wasn’t out of his __8__ long before he heard a cry. “Someone was __9__， ‘My parents, my parents！’” Moments later, a 12yearold boy ran up to Underwood, saying his parents were __10__ and asked for help.
The Hammonds went to get things from the basement when the walls __11__ to bear the weight of rain and fell down, and they couldn’t __12__. Worse still, the water was rising fast. __13__ was of extreme significance, so Underwood took action at once. Any inappropriate action could add more dangers. Luckily, Underwood had __14__ as a contractor(承包商). “Digging a hole in the living room floor, I knew it’s a __15__ way，” he said.
With physical strength, patience, and a lot of __16__， Underwood saved their lives. He said he did what anyone would do, but that’s not necessarily true. It’s __17__ to put yourself in a dangerous way to rescue another. That’s why the American Red Cross __18__ him. Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards, said the Awards should __19__ heroes like Underwood who have acted __20__ and selflessly in a time of emergency.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，文中讲述了暴风雨降临时约翰·安德伍德营救遭遇险境的哈蒙德夫妇的故事。
1．A.lesson B．direction
C．hope D．hand
D　解析：根据下文中多次出现的help及文章第一句“Heroes come in different shapes and sizes.”可知，作者认为有人天生乐于助人，所以用hand。give sb. a hand “帮助某人”为固定搭配。
2．A.also B．just
C．often D．even
B　解析：有人只是(just)恰好在恰当的时间出现在恰当的地点。
3．A.role B．concern
C．case D．behavior
C　解析：结合下文安德伍德帮助被困夫妇的事件可知，此处意为约翰·安德伍德就是这样的例子。case“事例，实例”。
4．A.broke B．disappeared
C．returned D．changed
A　解析：结合上文内容可知，此处指暴风雨在他家附近降临(broke)了。
5．A.cleared B．completed
C．repaired D．flooded
D　解析：安德伍德正在去帮助他的妹妹的路上，这时道路被洪水淹没了。下文中的“the water was rising fast”是提示。clear“清除，疏通”；complete“完成，结束”；repair“修理，修补”；flood“为水所淹，被淹没”。
6．A.duty B．fact
C．belief D．advice
C　解析：“如果我有能力去做好事，我就应该去做”，这是安德伍德的信念(belief)。
7．A.arrangement B．wonder
C．excuse D．problem
C　解析：安德伍德认为做好事不应该有任何借口。excuse“借口，理由，辩解”。
8．A.power B．sense
C．house D．vehicle
D　解析：根据上文中的“He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help.”可知，此处vehicle符合语境。
9．A.screaming B．working
C．helping D．talking
A　解析：此处指有人高声喊(screaming)：“我的父母！我的父母！”
10．A.ignored B．trapped
C．injured D．missed
B　解析：根据下文的“when the walls...fell down”可知，一个12岁的男孩跑向安德伍德，说他的父母被困住了。trap“困住，使陷于危险中”。
11．A.managed B．failed
C．tried D．struggled
B　解析：哈蒙德夫妇去地下室拿东西，墙壁不能(failed)承受雨水的重量并倒塌了，两人无法脱身(escape)。
12．A.speak B．reunite
C．escape D．survive
C　解析：参见上题解析。
13．A.Time B．Relief
C．Success D．Action
A　解析：根据上文中的“the water was rising fast”和“so Underwood took action at once”可知，时间(Time)至关重要，于是他立即行动起来。
14．A.attitude B．potential
C．confidence D．experience
D　解析：在这种情况下，任何不当的操作都会增加更多的危险。幸运的是，安德伍德有做一名承包商的经验(experience)。
15．A.difficult B．safe
C．creative D．quick
B　解析：安德伍德认为在客厅地板上挖一个洞是一个安全的(safe)方法。此处safe与前面的dangers形成对比。
16．A.bravery B．encouragement
C．anxiety D．responsibility
A　解析：根据下文中的“Underwood saved their lives”和“Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards...Underwood”可知，安德伍德因勇敢的行为获奖。他凭借体力，耐心和勇气救了哈蒙德夫妇。bravery“勇敢，勇气”；encouragement“鼓舞，鼓励”；anxiety“焦虑，忧虑”；responsibility“责任，负责”。
17．A.impossible B．reasonable
C．hard D．special
C　解析：根据空前的“He said he did what anyone would do, but that’s not necessarily true.”可知，要把自己置于危险的境地去救别人是很难(hard)做到的。
18．A.invited B．honored
C．interviewed D．helped
B　解析：这是美国红十字会把奖项授予他的原因。honor“给……荣誉，表彰”符合语境。
19．A.go to B．come to
C．turn to D．pass to
A　解析：这个奖应该颁给(go to)像安德伍德那样在紧急情况下表现得英勇(courageously)无私的英雄们。
20．A.fortunately B．immediately
C．actively D．courageously
D　解析：参见上题解析。
课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
阅读理解
A
(2020·黄山高三模拟)

Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers: Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层)．” That’s according to John Marston, an archaeologist.
The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren’t for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.
Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth’s makeup. Most plastics don’t easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn’t an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.
According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it’s possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fishes.
“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so it’s safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.
【解题导语】　在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。
1．Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?
A．Because plastics are not naturally made.
B．Because humans create plastics.
C．Because plastics influence the world greatly.
D．Because historians and archaeologists think so.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是通过对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。
2．According to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?
A．They are recycled.
B．They are degraded.
C．They are thrown away.
D．They are made into bottles.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.”可知，每年数百万吨的塑料垃圾被回收，但是更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。
3．What is the author’s attitude to the Plastic Age?
A．Negative. B．Ambiguous.
C．Favorable. D．Unconcerned.
A　解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，世界各地的人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度。故A项正确。
4．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Plastics have ruined our environment.
B．We must stop using plastics altogether.
C．Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D．Plastics are significant to human development.
C　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因，由此可1推知，C项最符合文意。
B
(2020·昆明摸底调研)

A new study shows that rising levels of planetwarming gases may reduce important nutrients(营养物) in food crops.
Researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice. In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein(蛋白质). The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions. However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.
The researchers said the effects of planetwarming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia.
Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production. And scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planetwarming gases threaten food quality.
Earlier studies showed that wheat, rice, field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals. Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.
The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.
【解题导语】　本文介绍了温室气体减少了粮食作物中的营养物质以及降低气候变化对营养物的损害的方法。
5．Growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may ________．
A．increase iron in the rice
B．make it less nutritious
C．cause losses of vitamin E
D．make it more delicious
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels...less protein(蛋白质)．”可知， B项为正确答案。A、C、D三项的表述均与原文表述不符。
6．How can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change?
A．By importing rice from China and Japan.
B．By taking other kinds of food instead of rice.
C．By avoiding eating rice from Southeast Asia.
D．By growing rice suitable for the environment.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.”可知，应该种植不同种类的可以适应高含量二氧化碳的水稻，故D项为正确答案。
7．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A．To inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.
B．To call on people to care for the planet they live on.
C．To share the results of some studies on people’s diets.
D．To tell readers where food crops are mainly produced.
B　解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍温室气体增加对粮食作物的影响来唤起人们对人类赖以生存的地球家园的保护。故B项为正确答案。
8．In which part of a magazine can you read the text?
A．Advertisements. B．Art and culture.
C．Science reports. D．Business news.
C　解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文中的“study” “Researchers” “studies”等可推知，本文是一篇研究报告，在杂志的科学报道部分能读到本文。
七选五
(2020·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)You’re no doubt heard “less is more” over and over again. Less is better because it is good for your bank account and your waistline(腰围). But in some areas of our lives, we can benefit from “more” instead of “less”. 1.________
Give more.
If you see something beautiful in someone, say it. Why are you holding back a compliment, a kind word of encouragement or support or some welldeserved praise? Giving is a gift to the giver and receiver. 2.________ Once you start doing this, people will only want you around more.
Support others more.
Speaking of encouragement, who could use your support right now? 3.________ Someone who is struggling? Reach out! You’ll be glad you did.
4．________
When we push back against things we don’t want(“I can’t believe Catherine copied my clothes again！”), our resistance still holds us close to the thing that hurts us. When we are more accepting of life’s ups and downs, we find peace.
Find more role models.
Who do you want to be like? Find role models who inspire you. Read about them. Buy their books. Dive into online interviews. 5.________
A life of richness can be defined in a million ways. And guess what? It’s waiting for you to live it—as soon as you open yourself up.
A．Accept more.
B．Get mental peace.
C．Do it every single day.
D．A friend who is going through a loss or a big change?
E．Here is how “more” can be a good thing in your life.
F．Let their success be an example of what’s possible for you, too.
G．Maybe someone who is always the support of you when you are in trouble?
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。在我们生活中的一些方面，我们能从“更多”而不是“更少”中受益。
1．E　解析：空处承上启下，空前一句是说在我们生活中的一些方面，我们能从“更多”而不是“更少”中受益，并结合下文列举的例子可知，E项衔接上下文，符合语境，故选E。
2．C　解析：空后一句是说一旦你开始这样做，人们就会想让你更多地陪伴在身边，C项“每天都这样做”符合语境，故选C。
3．D　解析：空前一句是说谈到鼓励，谁可能现在需要你的支持？并结合空后一句可知，D项“一个正经历损失或重大改变的朋友？”符合语境，故选D。
4．A　解析：根据空处所在位置和文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要讲的是在生活中我们要接受更多，故选A。
5．F　解析：本段主要讲找到更多的榜样，空前几句是说读有关他们的故事，买关于他们的书，看网上的采访，F项“让他们的成功成为你也可能成功的榜样”符合语境，故选F。
语法填空
(2020·郑州一中摸底测试) Today I spent time talking to an old friend about some of the 1.____________(choose) that we have made in our lives. We both agree that life has 2.____________(actual) been good to us. And we are very 3.____________(thank) for what we have been blessed with.
Today I would like you to think about your journey and where you see yourself in 4.____________ next five years. Do you see that you have become exactly who you set out to be? I work on my goals because I am excited about that opportunity.
However, I do realize that sometimes life can get 5.____________ the way of our goals. I remember when my friend 6.____________(decide) to buy her first home, she was ready and had everything 7.____________(prepare). But during that time her father died and she had to move home 8.____________(help) take care of her mother. Her goal was delayed, 9.____________ she didn’t give it up completely. And that’s exactly the key to this all. In order to achieve your goals, you have to keep working on 10.____________．
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了如何坚持目标并将之实现。
1．choices　解析：考查词性转换。由空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词形式，且与some呼应可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填choices。
2．actually　解析：考查副词。此处在句中作状语，故用副词形式。
3．thankful　解析：考查形容词。根据空前的are可知，空处应用形容词作表语，故填thankful。
4．the　解析：考查冠词。in the next five years“在未来五年里”，为固定用法，故用定冠词the。
5．in　解析：考查介词。get in the way of sth.意为“阻止某事发生”，为固定短语，故用介词in。
6．decided　解析：考查动词的时态。与下文的was呼应可知，此处描述的事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时，故填decided。
7．prepared　解析：考查非谓语动词。“have＋宾语＋宾补”为固定用法，且everything与prepare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“完成或解决某事”，故填prepared。
8．to help　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式表示目的，故填to help。
9．but　解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后句表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。
10．them　解析：考查代词。与上文中的goals呼应可知，此处用代词them作宾语。