2020版一轮复习英语重大版学案：学通语法第三讲代词
展开第三讲代__词
单句语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them (they) alive.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
3．(2017·6月浙江高考)“She thought I had hurt myself (I)，”says Pahlsson.
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by its (it) mother.
5．(2016·6月浙江高考单选)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK.
6．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.
一、人称代词
形式 | 句法功能 | |
主格 | I, we, you, he, she, it, they | 主要用作主语，有时用作表语 |
宾格 | me, us, you, him, her, it, them | 作动词或介词的宾语；口语中常用宾格作表语 |
①She was beautiful and could run faster than others.
她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。
②Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.
让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。
二、物主代词
形式 | 句法功能 | |
形容词性 物主代词 | my, our, your, his, her, its, their | 作定语 |
名词性 物主代词 | mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs | 作主语、宾语或表语 |
He invited some friends of his to his party.
他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。
三、反身代词
形式 | 句法功能 |
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves | 作宾语、表语或同位语 |
The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest.
那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。
含有反身代词的习惯用语：
by oneself独自地 for oneself亲自
come to oneself苏醒；恢复知觉 dress oneself自己穿衣
behave yourself举止规矩有礼 devote oneself to致力于
apply oneself to专心致志于 help oneself to随便吃/用
enjoy oneself玩得开心 seat oneself就座；入席
make yourself at home别客气 teach oneself自学
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
四、指示代词
指示代词 | 用法 |
this/these | 指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this可指下文将要谈到的人或物 |
that/those | 指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that 可指上文提到过的人或物 |
such | 指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数 |
so | 代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点 |
①The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015·天津高考单选)
这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。
②Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.
研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。
③Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.
我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。
④—Is James coming tonight?
—I think so, but I’m not sure.
——詹姆斯今晚会来吗？
——我想会的，但我不能肯定。
五、不定代词
(一)不定代词的基本用法
不定代词 | 用法 | |
each/both/all | each指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个”；both表示“两者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部” | |
either/neither | either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不” | |
none/nothing | none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点”；nothing表示“没有任何东西，没有事” | |
another | another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一” | |
other/others | other泛指“其余的，另外的”，只作定语。other＋可数名词复数＝others | |
the other/ the others | the other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”。the other＋可数名词复数＝the others | |
①As the two dictionaries are useful, I’ll take both and either of them is very important to me.
因为这两本字典有用，我把两本字典都带上，每一本对我而言都很重要。
②—Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?
—I’m sorry. Neither will suit me. I’ll be away on business during that period.
——星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？
——对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。
③You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
④Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.
除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。
(二)复合不定代词的用法
| 某…… | 任何…… | 每个……； 所有…… | 没有…… |
人 | someone/ somebody | anyone/ anybody | everyone/ everybody | no one/ nobody |
物 | something | anything | everything | nothing |
①There is something in his words. We should have a try.
他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。
②This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.
这个项目需要密切的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。
(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法
代词 | 用法 | 表示意义 | 含义 |
few | 修饰可数名词 | 否定含义 | 几乎没有 |
a few | 修饰可数名词 | 肯定含义 | 几个；一些 |
little | 修饰不可数名词 | 否定含义 | 几乎没有 |
a little | 修饰不可数名词 | 肯定含义 | 少量；一点点 |
many | 修饰可数名词 | 肯定含义 | 许多 |
much | 修饰不可数名词 | 肯定含义 | 许多 |
①Few of us can speak four foreign languages.
我们当中几乎没有人会说四种外语。
②I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few.
我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。
③She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.
她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。
六、it的用法
1．it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。
The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。
2．it指时间、距离、天气等。
It’s 112 miles from London to Birmingham.
从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。
3．it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
①It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.
独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without ...为真正的主语)
②No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。(it作形式宾语，动词不定式to go for ...为真正的宾语)
③He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语，从句when and where ... 为真正的宾语)
[知识积累]
常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：
It is a pity/shame that ... 真可惜/丢人……
It is no wonder that ... 难怪……
It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看起来……
It looks/seems as if/though ... 看起来好像……
It happens that ... 碰巧……
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that ...
据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议……
It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth. 做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
主语＋表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely/count on等)＋it＋that/if/when ...
①I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.
如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。
②It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind.As is known to us all, he is so stubborn.
试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知，他是如此固执。
[典题精选] | [我来改正] | [常设误点] |
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. ②(2019·太原市模拟)I often watched them carefully so as to learn his techniques. | ①all→both或者去掉all ②his→their | (1)代词单复数的错用 人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词等都有单复数之分，要根据上下文确定单复数。 |
③We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. ④(2018·重庆市测评)I’ve always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in Englishspeaking countries like your to practise and improve my English. | ③ours→our ④your→yours | (2)物主代词的错用 ①形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，不能单独使用，常用来修饰名词； ②名词性物主代词相当于名词，常单独使用，不能修饰名词。 |
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework, but I was shy. ⑥(2018·万州区高三一模)First of all, you should respect you or no one would respect you. | ⑤myself→my/the ⑥第二个you→yourself/yourselves | (3)反身代词与人称代词的错用 ①反身代词是指代主语的，使动作的发出者把动作反射到本人身上； ②若所用代词与主语不一致，就要用人称代词而不用反身代词。 |
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. ⑧(2015·陕西高考)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. ⑨(2015·四川高考)It’s been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. | ⑦another→other ⑧anything→something ⑨many→much | (4)不定代词的错用 ①other与another：表示“其他的，其余的”用other，而表示“(三者以上)另外的一个”用another； ②some(thing)与any(thing)：一般来说前者用于肯定句，后者用于疑问句和否定句； ③many与much：many代替可数名词，much代替不可数名词。 |
⑩(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. ⑪(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. | ⑩your→my ⑪your→our | (5)代词与其所指代的对象不符 代词主要是用来代替其他实义词或上下文意义的，因此代词应与其指代的对象相符。否则就会出现代词指代错误。 |
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She asked my (I) name and said she didn’t remember me.
2．—How many students are there in the classroom now?
—None. I have locked it.
3. —Are you going to get your own car after the test?
—My parents have said they’ll get one for me.
4．Both teams were in hard training; neither was willing to lose the game.
5．However, his fame was not accompanied by money and he found it necessary to return to farming.
6．When I was on the airplane, I kept telling myself (I) that I had to be strong when facing any troubles or problems.
7．The man did not know what to do with himself in that case.
8．It was dark, and the rain was heavy. So their (they) only choice was to put up at a small inn.
9．(2018·石家庄二模)“Speed up. 70 km/h isn’t fast enough. You are holding up the traffic，” another voice ordered from the seat next to mine/me (I)．
10．(2019·重庆七中高三质量检测)When he came to life, he found himself lying on the ground, bleeding in the head.
11．(2019·江西高安中学模拟)I hope my parents won’t try to force me to do their (they) favorite job.
12．Meeting my favorite football star face to face was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Finally, I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them their great achievements.their→our
2．There are many difficulties and problems that we can’t overcome with only their own efforts.their→our
3．Both my parents miss you a lot. So does our friend, Cathy. When you come, you can stay with ourselves.ourselves→us
4．About 36% of them are fond of surfing the Internet, which helps him know about the latest news and current affairs in the world.him→them
5．Wherever he is, he makes himself a rule to give his mother a call every day.himself→it
6．I think I can improve me a lot in this way, because where there is a will, there is a way.me→myself
7．How do you like our club? I’m looking forward to early reply.to后加your
8．I’d like to introduce Sarah to you. She is a good friend of me.me→mine
Ⅰ.语法填空
Foreigners with basic Chinese language skills can generally ask for advice on restaurants or how __1__ (get) to the subway. But the fact is, many still find it __2__ (challenge) to use the language in reallife settings. Some even think that no one in China actually speaks Putonghua, at least not __3__ (nature). This is an opinion that many Chinese themselves would be quick to agree with.
However, in a small county __4__ (name) Luanping, Chengde City, Hebei Province, you can meet the locals, young and old, __5__， despite their education level, talk exactly in __6__ same manner as the language recordings you became used to in class. For __7__ (generation), they have known no other mother tongue other than the standard Chinese.
Elderly residents in Luanping still remember the experts from the capital __8__ (record) the way they spoke in the 1950s, which began being promoted nationally in 1955. The county __9__ turn proudly calls __10__ (it) the “hometown of Putonghua”．
语篇解读：本文是说明文，对河北省承德市滦平县被誉为普通话之乡的原因加以简单介绍。
1．to get how to get to表示“如何达到，怎么走”，此处是“how to get to the subway”在句中作介词on的宾语。
2．challenging 在“find it＋形容词＋to do sth.”结构中，形容词作宾语补足语，故用形容词challenging。
3．naturally 此处应用副词修饰speaks Putonghua。
4．named name在此作动词，意为“命名，给……取名”，是及物动词，与被修饰词a small county之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
5．who 空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是locals，空处在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
6．the the same (as) ...“(与……)相同，一样”，是固定搭配。
7．generations 根据语境可知，此处指“祖祖辈辈”，且generation是可数名词，故填generations。
8．recorded 句中有明确的表示过去的时间，即in the 1950s，故使用一般过去时。
9．in 这个县继而自豪地称自己为“普通话之乡”。in turn“转而，相应地”。
10．itself 因为The county和空处指的是同一事物，故此空应填入反身代词itself。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Apologizing can be harder than realizing you’ve acted poor.To truly apologize to a friend, you had to be sincere and let your friend to know how much he means to you.This may be easy said than done.But if you swallow your pride and show some sincere regret, they will have a true apology ready.Besides, sending gifts can be good choice for you to make.And if you do this kind of thing instead of talk to your friend face to face, you’re just hiding behind gifts.After all, gifts cannot say word like “I’m sorry”．So it is of great important to apologize in person.
答案：第一句：poor→poorly
第二句：had→have; 去掉know前的to
第三句：easy→easier
第四句：they→you
第五句：good前加a
第六句：And→But; talk→talking
第七句：word→words
第八句：important→importance
