2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：2.2



[话题单词]
1．applaud v． 鼓掌
2．influence n．&v. 影响
3．lack n．&v. 缺乏
4．fitness n． 健康
5．championship n． 锦标赛
6．event n． 事件，大事
7．champion n． 冠军
8．athlete n． 运动员
9．coach n． 教练员
10．judge n． 裁判
11．cheer v．/n. 欢呼，喝彩
12．ground/field n． 场地
13．medal n． 奖章；勋章；纪念章
14．stadium n． 运动场、体育场
15．tennis n． 网球
[话题短语]
1．a close game势均力敌的比赛
2．break the record打破纪录
3．international sports events国际体育赛事
4．physical exercise体育锻炼
5．physical strength体力
6．National Games全国运动会
7．gold medal金牌
8．Field Events田赛
9．mark a historic time标志一个历史时刻
10．set a new world record创新世界纪录
11．become the pride of the nation成为国家的骄傲
12．participate in the bidding campaign参加申办活动
13．take part in a key warm－up game参加热身赛
14．reach the standard for international games
达到国际体育标准
15．watch a volleyball/badminton game
观看排球(羽毛球)比赛
[话题佳句]
1．There is a famous saying：“Life lies on exercise.”
有一句谚语：“生命在于运动”。
2．Sports and games are also very useful for character－training.
体育运动还有利于品格的培养。
3．Some people seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things that people do at times when they are not working.
有些人似乎认为体育运动不是什么重要的事情，只是人们在不干活的时候才去做的。
4．Exercises will fill your life with various contents and make it more colorful and wonderful.
体育锻炼会使你的生活很充实，同时也让你的生活变得丰富多彩。
5．Sports are perhaps the most popular form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy.
体育运动可能是几乎所有的人都可享受的最大众化的娱乐形式。
6．But in fact sports and games can be of great value，especially to people who work with their brains most of the day.Therefore，they should not be treated only as amusements.
但实际上，体育运动对人们益处很大。特别是对那些一整天从事脑力劳动的人来说，更是这样。因此不能把它们单纯看成是娱乐。
[佳作背诵]
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：
1．学校的体育场馆；
2．主要的运动项目；
3．你喜欢的项目。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter，
I'm happy to hear from you.As for the physical exercise in our school，here is something about it.
Our school has built a new stadium recently，which is located behind the library.It has well-equipped facilities.Besides，it is big enough to hold all the teachers and students in our school.We can use it to organize sports events such as playing basketball and table tennis.My favorite sport is running.What's more，the stadium opens from 9 am to 5 pm Monday to Friday.On weekends，it opens from 10 am to 6 pm.
I'm looking forward to your arrival and joining me in experiencing it in the near future.
Yours，
Li Hua

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①host vt.做东；主办；招待 n．主人
②fine vt.罚款 adj.晴朗的，美好的
③charge vt. & vi.收费；控诉 n．费用；主管
④bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n．便宜货
⑤deserve vi. & vt.应受；值得
⑥replace vt.取代；替换；代替→ replacement n．代替，替换
⑦compete vi.比赛；竞争→ competitor n．竞争者→ competition n．比赛；竞争 →competitive adj.竞争的，有竞争性的
⑧admit vt. & vi.容许；承认；接纳 →admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费
⑨advertise vt. & vi.做广告；登广告 →advertisement n．广告
2．阅读单词
①foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的
②medal n．奖章；勋章；纪念章
③nowadays adv.现今；现在
④glory n．巨大的光荣；荣誉；赞美
⑤ancient adj.古老的；古代的
⑥basis n．基础；基准；基本原则
⑦pain n．疼痛；痛苦
painful adj.痛苦的，(肉体)疼的
⑧magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的
magic n．巫术；魔术
⑨regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的
regularly adv.规则地；定期地；常规地
⑩athlete n．运动员；运动选手
athletics n．体育运动；竞技
⑪responsibility n．责任；职责
responsible adj.有责任心的
⑫swift adj.快的；迅速的
swiftly adv.快速地
⑬physical adj.物理的；身体的
physics n．物理；物理学
physician n．医生，医师；内科医生
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．My sister bought this T-shirt at such a low price.She was really good at bargaining(bargain)．
2．She's in a hopeless(hope)situation，which we will keep a very close eye on.
3．Eating properly and exercising regularly(regular)can make one enjoy a healthier and longer life.
4．It has helped me become stronger，both mentally and physically(physical)．
5．All the excited competitors who are relatively competitive are competing for the honor of winning the gold medals in the competition.(compete)
6．We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.(responsible)
7．Advertisers are supposed to be honest about the advertisement.If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way，you will be fined up to 50,000 yuan.(advertise)
8．A large number of volunteers from the university volunteer to teach in the remote villages.Their voluntary work is well worth praising.(volunteer)

1．含－serve的必备动词一览
①deserve应受，值得
②observe观察；遵守
③preserve保存，保藏
④reserve保留；预定
⑤conserve保存；保护
2．与“运动员”相关的常见名词荟萃
①athlete运动员
②competitor竞争者
③champion冠军
④coach教练员
⑤captain队长
⑥referee裁判员
⑦amateur业余选手
⑧professional职业选手
3．词形相近词对比记
①medal n．奖牌
②modal n．模型，典型
③metal n．金属
④mental adj.心理的
4．“－ive结尾的形容词集锦
①active活泼的
②instructive有教育意义的
③predictive预言性的
④productive多产的
⑤protective防护的
⑥relative有关的
⑦representative代表的
⑧restrictive限制的，约束的
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词
①stand for代表；象征；表示
②pick up拾起；捡起；用车接某人
2．动词＋名词＋介词
①take the place of代替……
②play a role in在……起作用
③make a bargain with与……达成协议
④take part in参加；参与
3．其他形式
①in charge主管；看管；负责
②apart from除了
③as well也；又；还
④one after another一个接一个地
⑤as a matter of fact事实上
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．In the past，I took part in many social activities in which I performed well and gained rich experience.
2．Would you like to go to the exhibition with me next Saturday？If so，I'll pick you up at your home at 8 o'clock in the morning.
3．Of course，I'll do some reading for fun，and for knowledge as well.
4．Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having the exam one after another.
5．Apart from good service the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.

1．“动词＋for”短语小结
①run for竞选
②ask for要求得到
③wait for等候
④long for渴望
⑤stand for代表，表示
⑥hope/wish for希望得到
⑦care for关心，喜欢
⑧beg for乞求
2．“动词＋out”短语荟萃
①break out爆发
②work out计算出；理解；解决；锻炼
③point out指出
④pick out挑选出
⑤figure out算出，理解
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!
别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
“nor/neither＋情态动词/助动词/系动词be＋主语”构成倒装句型。
你不能取消这个合同，我也不能。
You can’t cancel the contract，nor/neither can I.
2.Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and...
妇女不仅允许参加比赛，而且她们还在体操、田径和团体等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
not only...but (also)．..“不仅……而且……”，用来连接并列成分。
一方面，这不仅有助于我们强身健体，而且反过来有助于更高效地学习。
For one thing, it not only helps to build up our physical health，but also helps us learn more efficiently in turn.
3.This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.
这很重要，因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就越高。
“the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)”意为“越……就越……”。
一般说来，一个运动员在赛前训练得越刻苦，他/她获胜的可能性就越大。
Generally speaking, the harder an athlete trains before a match, the more possible he/she will win.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
A Fair Competition
Swifter，Higher and Stronger stands for the spirit of the Olympics.But 1.fairness(fair) is the basis of this motto.Only when you win fairly 2.will you and your homeland deserve the great glory.But nowadays，3.unlike(like) the ancient honest slave competitors，some hopeless athletes 4.who can’t bear the pain of training cheat when taking part in games.Medals seem to have magical power causing them to cheat，and the prize money 5.has replaced(replace) the motto as their only goal.
So，in the gymnastics event 6.to be held(hold) in our city next month，one of the host’s responsibilities is to keep competitions fair.They advertised 7.on posters outside the stadium to promise that every 8.competitor(compete) is to have a regular physical examination in a gymnasium one after 9.another.No one can bargain on this.The volunteers in charge will be very strict.It is foolish to cheat10.because they will not be admitted to compete and will even be fined as well.


compete vi.比赛；竞争
(教材原句)How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games？多少国家参加古代奥林匹克运动会？
拓展词：competitor n．竞争者；比赛者
competition n．比赛；竞争
competitive adj.有竞争力的
compete in参加……的比赛；在……方面竞争
compete for为……而竞争
compete with/against和……竞争
(1)Life is like a long race where we often compete with/against others to go beyond ourselves.人生就像长跑比赛，在这场比赛中我们常常在与他人的竞争过程中超越自我。
(2)单句语法填空
①Online voting becomes increasingly popular，and many competitors(compete)get people involved in it.
②Competition(compete) is fierce and the chief prize is a gold medal.
③Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive(compete)world.
admit v．承认(过错、罪行)，招认；接纳；准许……进入；容纳
(教材原句)Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.
只有达到该比赛项目规定水平的运动员才被允许参加比赛。
拓展词：admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费
admit sth./doing sth.承认某事/做某事
admit＋n./pron.＋to be...承认……是……
admit sb./sth. into/to...允许某人/物进入……；
成为……中的一员
be admitted as...作为……被接受
be admitted to被录取，被接收
It is admitted that...人们公认……
[要点释疑]
(1)admit表示“承认”，后可接名词、动名词，不接不定式。表示“允许……进入”时，不接不定式的复合结构，即不能说：admit sb.to do...。
(2)admit to承认，to为介词，admit doing sth.与admit to doing sth.同义。
(1)单句语法填空
①Joe is proud and stubborn，never admitting (admit) he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
②He admitted cheating/having cheated(cheat) in the exam.
③We all admit him to be (be) foolish.
(2)写作能力提升
①He had to admit that he had done wrong.(改为简单句)
②He had to admit having done wrong.
(3)写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①The theatre admits only 260 people.容纳
②Gates open at 10：30 am and admission is free.入场费
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)Later they all admitted(admit) they'd felt cold water at first.




charge vt.&vi.收费；控诉n.费用；主管
(教材原句)．..duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong
……有管理的责任，如果事情出现问题，将会陷入麻烦
(1)charge sb.for sth.为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with(doing)sth.＝accuse sb. of(doing)sth.指控某人犯……罪
(2)take charge of掌管/负责……
in charge of控制/管理……
in the charge of受……的管理
(3)free of charge免费
[要点释疑]
in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责(主管)某事”；in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人主管”。类似的还有：in control of“控制”，in the control of“由……控制”；in possession of “拥有”，in the possession of“被……拥有”。
(1)You are not in charge of the universe；you are in charge of yourself.你不是宇宙的主宰，但你可以主宰你自己。
(2)He was charged(charge) with murder，which surprised us all.他被指控犯有谋杀罪，这使我们都非常吃惊。
(3)单句语法填空
①This kindergarten is in the charge of a young girl.
②He has been charged(charge) with trying to blow up the airliner as it was landing.
③All the people charged (charge) with killing the animals which are protected by the country will be sentenced to death in five days.
(4)写作能力提升
①Police have charged Mr Bell with murder.
Police have accused Mr Bell of murder.( 用accuse改写)
②Mr Bell is in charge of the class.
The class is in the charge of Mr Bell.(用the class做主语改写)
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges(charge) toward me.
deserve vi.&vt. 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得
(教材原句)Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race？你认为希波墨涅斯应该赢吗？
(1)deserve consideration/attention值得考虑/注意
deserve to do应该做
deserve doing/to be done应该/值得(被)做
(2)罪有应得
[要点释疑]
deserve后接名词或doing sth.，常用主动形式表示被动意义，等于接动词不定式的被动语态，该用法与want，need，require相同。
(1)Sometimes God doesn't give you what you want，not because you don't deserve it，but because you deserve more.有时候，上天没有给你想要的，不是因为你不配，而是你值得拥有更好的。
(2)单句语法填空
①They didn't deserve to win(win)．
②I think your suggestion deserves trying/to be tried(try)．
(3)写作能力提升
这个建议值得考虑。(consider)
①This suggestion deserves consideration.
②This suggestion deserves considering.
③This suggestion deserves to be considered.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves(deserve) another.

take part in参加；参与
(教材原句)Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games？谁不能参加古代奥运会？
take part vi.支持
take part with sb.支持某人，袒护某人
take an active part in积极参加
participate in参加，参与
play a part in在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
(1)It goes without saying that taking an active part in social activities can broaden our horizons.
不言而喻，积极参加社会活动能开阔我们的视野。
[易混辨析]
take part in
指参加群众性的活动、会议等并在其中发挥作用
join
指加入党派、组织、团体，成为其中一员
join in
指参加一些大规模活动，如球赛、游戏等
join sb.in
doing sth.
指和某人一起做某事，join的宾语可以是人，也可以是组织、团体
attend
多指参加大型的集会活动，如会议、婚礼、典礼、报告、上学等。另外还有“照顾、照料”之意
(2)[填一填]
①Since you have no time，you need not attend the tea party.
②If Jim took part in the Talent Show，he’d win it for sure.
③—I wonder if you have known Dr.Jackson for a long time.
—Yes，since he joined the golf club.
④Would you like to join us in the discussion tomorrow？(3)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.
stand for代表，象征；表示；主张；支持；容忍
(教材原句)What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for？奥运会会旗上的五环代表什么？

stand out显眼；引人注目；突出
stand by袖手旁观；站在一边
stand up for支持；维护
stand up to勇敢地面对；经得起
写出下列句子中stand短语的含义
①What do the five stars on our national flag stand for？代表
②John always stands for what is right.支持，主张
③I will not stand for behavior of that kind in my house.容忍
④After several rounds of competition，the little girl stood out because of her excellent spoken English and quick response.显眼，突出
pick up拾起，捡起；偶然获得，身体等好起来，收拾，整理；取回
(教材原句)When she stops to pick it up，you will be able to run past her and win.当她停下来去捡苹果时，你就可以继续向前跑超过她而获胜。




(1)写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①We picked up the radio signals on our receiver.接收(信号)
②He picked up the book and gave it to her.拾起
③This room must be picked up before the guests arrive.整理，收拾
④We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.用车接(某人)
⑤The girl survived the accident，and now she is picking up.身体好转
(2)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.
as well也；又；还(常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用)
(教材原句)For each Olympics，a special village is built for them to live in，a main reception building，several stadiums for competitions，and a gymnasium as well.
每届奥运会都要建一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)让参赛的人住，一个主接待楼、几个比赛用的体育场及一个体育馆。
as well也(置于肯定句句末)
as well as也；和(用来连接两个并列成分)
as well as...同……一样好
may/might as well do sth.倒不如做某事；不妨做某事
as well as也；既……又……；不但……而且……；和……一样好
[要点释疑]
(1)用作连词，连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词等，通常不位于句首，相当于not only。当as well as连接主语时，谓语动词须和as well as前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原则”)。类似的词还有together with，along with，with，besides，but，except，including，rather than等。
(2)用作介词，相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外(还有……)”，后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式。
(1)The greatest happiness in life is that you find the one you love is loving you as well.
人生最大的幸福就是你发现你爱的那个人也爱着你。
(2)Science can be a force for evil as well as for good.
科学既可以成为正义的力量，也可以成为邪恶势力的帮凶。
(3)As well as writing stories，I love reading and listening to music.除了写小说，我还喜欢读书和听音乐。
(4)I'll do some reading for fun，and for knowledge as well.
我会读点书，既可以消遣，也可以学点知识。
(5)I wish I could speak English as well as he can.我希望自己英语讲得跟他一样好。

No other countries could join in，nor could slaves or women！别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
句型“nor/neither＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一个主语”用于否定陈述句之后，表示“也不”，相当于either用于否定句。
(1)“nor/neither＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语”构成倒装句型，意为“……也不这样”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(否定情况)。
(2)so＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语，意为“……也是如此”。表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(肯定情况)。
(3)so＋主语＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词，表示说话人同意对方的观点或对前文内容加以强调或肯定，意为“……的确如此”。
(4)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型So it is/was with...或It is/was the same with...。
(1)If you go to school early tomorrow，so shall I.
如果明天你早点去学校，我也早去。
(2)Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States.So it was with Jane./It was the same with Jane.
玛丽在澳大利亚出生，在美国居住。简也是。
(3)The doctor asked her to eat more vegetables，and she did so.
医生让她多吃蔬菜，她就这样做了。
(4)—He came to school late yesterday.
——他昨天上学迟到了。
—So he did.
——他确实迟到了。
I lived in what you call“Ancient Greece”and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.我生活在你们称之为“古希腊”的地方，我过去也经常写有关很久以前奥运会的情况。
what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作call的宾语，“Ancient Greece”作宾补。what用作代词，在意义上译法非常灵活，它可以指
“……的东西＝the thing(s)/something that...”
“……的人＝the person that/who...”
“……的时间＝the time that...”
“……的地点＝the place that...”等；在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，相当于定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”。
[要点释疑]
介词后面的宾语从句通常是由wh-连接构成的，因为大部分介词后不能接that引导的宾语从句。以下固定搭配除外：in that(因为)，but that(要不是)，except/beyond that(除了)。
(1)It embarrassed him that he had no idea of what was going on.对所发生的事情一无所知，这让他很难堪。
(2)After a long journey，they came to what was called(call)“Gebi Desert”．
长途跋涉之后，他们来到了被称之为“戈壁滩”的地方。
(3)用适当的连接词填空
①He was not conscious of what a big mistake he had made.
②We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
③Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
④—Have you finished the book?
—No.I've read up to where the children discover the secret cave.
(4)单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷)Outside，when I told Sally what happened，she covered her mouth，laughing.
②(2018·天津卷)The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As an athlete (运动员)you all are reflected in the value of the performance and fighting spirit.
2．Does the bank charge (收费)a fee for setting up the account?
3．I'm short of money，and can't afford a new car to replace(替换)my old one.
4．China has made efforts for a breakthrough in the total number of gold medals (奖牌)in the coming Winter Games.
5．The reporters are busy interviewing (采访)the players before the game.
6．My sister bought this T-shirt at such a low price.She was really good at bargaining(讨价还价)．
7．Bob was charged with the murder，but he refused to admit(承认)it.
8．You deserve (值得)an award for the role that you played.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Before the race really started，the cyclist Armstrong，as well as his teammates，were waiting at the starting line.were→was
2．What a bargain！The price of this dress is not half as many as that of the skirt.many→much
3．Being admitted a university，whether it is a famous one or not，doesn't necessarily mean you will succeed in your future life.admitted后加to/into
4．If you go to school early tomorrow，so do I．do→will
5．Who will take the charge of the company after the manager retires？去掉第一个the
6．He was lucky that he at last got a chance to compete the Olympics.compete后加in
7．China is not when she used to be.when→what
8．Finally，you should take a part in sports and other outdoor activities frequently.去掉a
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Pausanias and Li Yan are talking about the similarities and 1.differences (differ) between the ancient and modern Olympics. The ancient Olympic Games were first held in Athens，in 2.which only men from the Greece had the honour to compete. The champions 3.were awarded (award) olive wreaths as prizes. 4.The modern Olympics started in 1896. From then on, athletes from all over the world have come 5.to take (take) part in the games every four years. There are two main sets of Games—the Summer and the Winter Olympics. All countries can take part 6.if their athletes reach the standard to be admitted to the games. There are over 250 sports. To hold all the 7.competitors (compete), a special village is usually built, with a stadium, a very large 8.swimming (swim) pool, a gymnasium as well as seats 9.for those who watch the games.The winners of the first three places are awarded gold, silver and bronze medals. The motto of the Olympic Games is—“Swifter, Higher and 10.Stronger (strong)．”
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Atlanta was a Greek princess whom was very beautiful and could run fast than any man in Greece. So she was not allowed run in the Olympic Games. She was so angrily that she said to his father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her. What’s more, if he couldn’t run as fast as her, he would be killed.
Heard of her rules，many of the kings and princes sadly went to home. The man called Hippomenes was determined to run the race with the Greek Goddess of Love helped him.
答案：
Atlanta was a Greek princess was very beautiful and could run than any man in Greece. she was not allowed run in the Olympic Games. She was so that she said to father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her. What’s more, if he couldn’t run as fast as her, he would be killed.
of her rules，many of the kings and princes sadly went to home. man called Hippomenes was determined to run the race with the Greek Goddess of Love him.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．奥运五环旗(the Olympic flag)中的五环代表地球上的五大洲。
2．任何国家都可以参加奥运会。
3．只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被允许成为奥运会竞赛选手。
4．奥运会上也有志愿者提供服务。
5．奥运会的格言是更快，更高，更强。
The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents on the earth，which means any country can take part in the Olympic Games.But only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.There are some volunteers as well who offer help for the Olympic Games.The motto of the Olympic Games is“Swifter，Higher and Stronger.”