2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：2.3



[话题单词]
1．universal adj. 普遍的
2．mobile adj. 移动的
3．virus n． 病毒
4．convenience n． 方便，便利
5．benefit n． 利益；好处
6．network n． 网络
7．invention n． 发明
8．advantage n． 优势
9．operate v． 操作
10．download vt. 下载
11．click v． 点击
12．update vt. 更新，使现代化
13．software n． 软件
14．microblog n． 微博
15．widespread adj. 分布广泛的，普遍的
[话题短语]
1．have a great effect on对……产生很大影响
2．make a great difference起很大作用
3．change one’e life改变人们的生活
4．benefit from得益于，从……获益
5．modern technology现代科技
6．like surfing the Internet喜欢网上冲浪
7．online games网络游戏
8．master computer science掌握计算机科学
9．make e－friends交网友
10．chat online在线聊天
11．in the field of science在科学领域
12．play an important role in在某方面起重要的作用
13．improve the quality of life for humans
提高人类的生活质量
14．send an e－mail发送电子邮件
15．shopping on the Internet网上购物
[话题佳句]
1．The Internet has been widely used.因特网被广泛使用。
2．The Internet is becoming more and more popular with people.
因特网越来越受人们欢迎。
3．Computer technology has come a long way since the 1970’s.
自20世纪70年代以来，电脑技术有了很大的发展。
4．We’ll do our best to catch up with the advanced world levels.
我们将努力赶上世界先进水平。
5．No invention has received more praise and abuse than the Internet.
没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
6．People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。
7．The revolution has come about，through the application of computer science.
通过电脑科学的应用，变革已经发生了。
8．The most important thing is that computers have played an important role in our life and work.
最重要的是电脑在我们的生活和工作当中起着重要作用。
[佳作背诵]
网络语言应该被禁止吗
目前，一些诸如“scared to death(吓死宝宝了)”“55(呜呜)”等网络语言在青少年中极为盛行，甚至出现在家庭作业中。假定你是李华，请你以“Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited？”为题写一篇短文，并谈谈你自己的看法。
注意：1.短文题目已经给出，不计入总词数；
2．词数不少于100。
参考词汇：生动的 vivid　智慧 intelligence
Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited
At present, Internet Slang, such as “scared to death”“55”，has become popular among the teenagers.
There are different opinions on Internet Slang. Some students think Internet Slang is vivid, fashionable and full of humor and intelligence. Besides, it makes chatting on the Internet quicker.
However，some other students think Internet Slang lacks depth of thought and is too simple. Also, it is hard to understand and not accepted by most people. The words sometimes might make people confused, even .
Every coin has two sides. In my opinion, living in the Information Age, if we don’t know the Internet Slang, we seem to fall behind the times. It will be OK as long as these terms are used correctly in proper situations.

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①type n．类型 vt. & vi.打字
②signal vi. & vt.发信号 n．信号
③goal n．目标；目的；球门；进球；得分
④solve vt.解决；解答
⑤explore vt. & vi.探索；探测；探究→ explorer n．探险家；勘探者→ exploration n．探索
⑥calculate vt.计算 →calculator n．计算器
⑦simplify vt.简化 →simple adj.简单的→ simply adv.简直；只；不过
⑧arise vi.出现，发生→ rise vi.上升；升起→ raise vt.升起；提高；种植；饲养
2．阅读单词
①virus n．病毒
②download vt.下载
③revolution n．革命，变革
④artificial adj.人工的；人造的
⑤total adj.总的；整个的n.总数；合计→totally adv.完全地；整个地
⑥personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言；亲自→personality n．个性；人格
⑦reality n．真实；事实；现实
real adj.真实的
⑧appearance n．外观；外貌；出现
appear v．出现
⑨application n．应用；用途；申请
apply v．运用；涉及；申请
applicant n．申请人；求职人
⑩intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能
intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的
⑪electronic adj.电子的→electricity n．电；电学
⑫operator n．操作员；接线员→operate v．操作；做手术→operation n．操作；手术
⑬logical adj.合逻辑的；合情理的→logically adv.逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地→logic n．逻辑
⑭universal adj.普遍的，通用的→universe n．宇宙
⑮finance n．金融；财经→financial adj.金融的；财政的
⑯character n．性格；特点→characteristic adj.典型的；特有的
⑰technology n．工艺；科技；技术→technological adj.科技的
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．The team are working hard to analyze the problem so that they can find the best solution(solve)．
2．New technology (technological)should provide a secure firewall against hackers.
3．Try to simplify (simple)your explanation to the students to help them understand better.
4．There is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do with appearance (appear)，but comes from the heart.
5．He's recovering from an operation(operate) on his shoulder.
6．It's a logical (logic) site for a new supermarket，with the housing development nearby.
7．A team of explorers will explore the valley and the exploration will last 10 days.(explore)
8．Humans or animals of high intelligence are always intelligent.(intelligence)
9．After the president made an official announcement，she expressed her personal opinion.Personally speaking，I agreed with what she said.(person)
10．Any applicant who would like to apply to become an assistant in our company should send us an application before December 10,2018.(apply)

1．“不管怎样，无论如何”家族
①anyhow　②anyway
③however　④in any case
2．含－ology的必备名词小结
①technology科技
②biology生物学
③ecology生态学
④archeology考古学
⑤psychology心理学
⑥sociology社会学
⑦physiology生理学
⑧geology地理/质学
3．含－ify的必备动词集锦
①beautify美化
②clarify澄清
③classify分类
④simplify简化
⑤terrify使人感到恐怖
⑥modify修改，修饰
⑦electrify使电气化
⑧horrify使恐惧
4．词形相近词对比记
①signal n．信号
②sign n．迹象，符号
③sigh v．叹息
④single adj.单个的，单身的
⑤sight n．视力，情景
5．－ic后缀形容词面面观
①scientific科学的
②enthusiastic热情的
③energetic精力充沛的
④dramatic戏剧(性)的
⑤sympathetic同情的
⑥romantic浪漫的
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词
①deal with处理；安排；对付
②watch over看守；监视；照管
③make up弥补；编造；打扮；构成
④share... with...与……分享……
⑤provide... for...给……提供……
⑥have...in common有……共同之处
2．介词＋名词/代词/介词
①from...on 从……时起
②by oneself独自地
③in a way在某种程度上
④after all毕竟，终究
⑤with the help of在……的帮助下
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．There must have been an angel watching over me that day.
2．The council has failed to deal with the problem of homelessness in the city.
3．She stopped smoking with the help of her family and friends.
4．You should be tolerant of him；he is a child after all.
5．Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result， many species are quickly dying out.
6．We have lots of things in common besides music.

1．way相关介词短语一览
①by the way顺便说说
②by way of经由；当作
③in a way在某种程度上
④in no way决不
⑤in the way挡道
⑥in every way在各方面
⑦on the way在途中，接近
2．oneself短语大全
①by oneself独立地
②to oneself独享的
③for oneself为自己
④of oneself自动地
⑤in oneself本身
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后才……”。
差不多用了两个月的时间，我妈妈才学会操作电脑。
It took nearly two months before my mother learned to be able to operate computers.
2.As time went by, I was made smaller.
随着时间的流逝，我被做得更小了。
as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。
随着技术的发展和生活水平的提高，互联网已进入寻常百姓家。
As technology develops and life improves， the Internet has entered the ordinary people’s homes.
3.And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it!
我的存储量变得如此之大，连我自己都不能相信！
so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。
他如此专注于电脑游戏，以至于没有意识到妈妈已经回家。
He was so absorbed in computer games that he didn’t realize his mother had come home.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Computers
The goal of early calculating machines was to simplify difficult sums.But 1.with the help of new technology，electronic chips replaced tubes and a revolution of artificial intelligence 2.has arisen(arise)．From then on，3.the appearance of computers totally changed our lives.They can not only download information from the web when 4.connected(connect) by the network or mobile phone signals，but also solve different types of logical problems.With operators as their coaches，5.they can even control rockets to explore the moon and instruct androids with the human race’s characters to mop 6.floors(floor) and watch over your naughty niece.Anyhow，computers are so helpful 7.that they do bring happiness.
However，computers are 8.easily(easy) attacked by viruses.This reality has become a hard－to－deal－with problem.9.As a result，computers are dangerous in a way.So，10.personally( person)，I worry about their universal applications in some fields，such as finance.
Note：android/'ændrɔid/n.机器人；安卓(系统)


total adj.总的；整个的
n．总数；合计
v．总数达……；合计
(教材原句)As a result I totally changed my shape.
因此，我已经完全改变了形状。
拓展词：totally adv.完全地；整个地
a total of 总数为
in total＝in all总计；总共
a total failure完全失败
(1)My efforts ended in total(totally)failure.
我的努力终归全盘失败。
(2)The visitors totaled 250.来宾总计250人。
(3)In total，these astronauts have spent more than 26,000 days in space.这些宇航员已在太空中总共待了26 000多天。
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was totally(total)，completely enough for him.
signal n．信号
vi.& vt.发信号
(教材原句)For example，I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.
例如，当我对面没有人防守并且有射门的好机会时，我已学会用计算机语言向队友发送信号，示意他们将球传给我。
(1)signal(to)sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事
signal(sb.)that示意……
(2)give signals/a signal(to sb.)向某人发信号
a danger/warning/traffic signal危险/警告/交通信号
(1)He telephoned the lawyer and again got a busy signal.
他打电话给律师，但还是听到忙音。
(2)He signalled wildly for help，but nobody noticed.
他拼命地发信号求助，但是没人注意到。
[易混辨析]
symbol
指符号、象征、标志等，常表示某种有深邃寓意的事物
signal
指为某一目的而有意识地发出的信号
sign
表示“记号、符号”时，同symbol。表示“告示，标志”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还可指“征兆，迹象”
mark
普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意识地做的标记，又可指自然而然形成的标志或有别于其他事物的特征。也可用于指“分数，成绩”
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign.




arise vi.(arose，arisen)出现；发生
(教材原句)Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.然后她把我在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。
[要点释疑]
(1)arise多以抽象名词argument/problem/quarrel/question/movement等做主语，意为“出现；发生”。
(2)arise from/out of由……而引起，由……产生；从……中产生
(1)写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.出现
②Mistakes often arise from carelessness.由……而引起
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床
④Seeing their teacher come into the classroom，all the students arose from the chairs.起身
[易混辨析]
原形
词性词义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
arise
(vi.)出现，发生，起因于
arose
arisen
arising
rise
(vi.)升起，起立，增长，上升
rose
risen
rising
raise
(vt.)举起，提高，饲养，养育，筹集，招募
raised
raised
raising
arouse
(vt.)唤醒，激起
aroused
aroused
arousing
(2)语境活用
One of the problems arising (arise) from the present economic situation is that the price is rising (rise) sharply，of course，partly because some illegal businessmen raise(raise) it on purpose，which has aroused (arouse) some objection.由当前经济形势产生的问题之一是价格迅速上涨，当然，部分原因是一些不法商贩故意提高价格；这种现象已经引起了一片反对之声。
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills，forming a unique view.





as a result结果；因此
(教材原句)As a result I totally changed my shape.
因此，我已经完全改变了形状。
(1)as a result of由于……的原因
without result徒劳；毫无结果
(2)result from因……引起
result in导致；致使
(1)If you believe in yourself and work hard，you can achieve great results.
相信自己并付出努力，你就会得到好结果。
(2)写作能力提升
He was careless.As a result，he died.
①He died as a result of his carelessness.
②His carelessness resulted in his death.
③His death resulted from his carelessness.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Human development results in fewer languages.




in a way 从某种意义上；在某种程度上
(教材原句)In a way our programmer is like our coach.
在某种程度上，我们的程序员就像我们的教练。
all the way一路上；自始至终；完全
by the way顺便说一下；顺便问一下
in no way一点也不；决不(位于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装)
in this way用这种方法
in the way挡道；碍事
on the way在途中
give way to 给……让路；为……所替代
in any way无论如何；以任何方式；在任何情况下
(1)The newcomer is easy to get along with in a way.
从某方面来看，这个新来的人很好相处。
(2)用way的相关短语填空
①In no way will he give up the chance to see his favourite film.
②In a way I can see what you mean，even though I don't share your point of view.
③I couldn't get through the door because there was a big box in the way.
④Two hours after he received the news，Tyler was on his way to Washington.
⑤To keep pace with the modern times，some old things should change or give way to the new ones.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable，while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
deal with处理；安排；对付；涉及；讨论
(教材原句)This means that it should clean the house，mop the floors，cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.
这就意味着，它要打扫房间、擦地板、做饭和接听电话。
do with sth.处理某事
have something/nothing to do with与……有关/无关
deal in sth.对某事感兴趣；经营……；买卖……
do a deal达成协议
It's a deal.就这么办。
a good deal合算的买卖
[要点释疑]
(1)deal with常与疑问词how连用，表示“怎么处理/对待”。
(2)do with常与疑问词what连用，表示“怎么处理/对待”。
(1)We can't choose what happens to us，but at least，we can choose how we deal with it.
生活中会发生什么，我们无法选择，但至少我们可以选择怎样面对。
(2)Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt(deal) with/dealing with，the world is a safer and healthier place.尽管还有严重的问题需要解决，这个世界还是一个更安全、更健康的地方。
(3)单句语法填空
①We must take a global view of the government's plans for dealing (deal)with unemployment.
②The president said the agreement would allow other vital problems to be dealt(deal) with.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)Ordinary soap，used correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.

As time went by，I was made smaller.
随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。
as意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。
as作为连词的用法主要有：
(1)“正如；按照”，引导方式状语从句；
(2)“当……时候；一边……一边；随着”，引导时间状语从句；
(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句；
(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面；单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词)；
(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...句型，意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)。
(1)As years go by(＝With years going by)，China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年年地过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
(2)The little girls sang as they went.
小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
[易混辨析]
as
“随着”，是连词，引导时间状语从句
with
“随着”，是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构
as time goes by＝with time going by随着时间的流逝
(3)用as/with/when/while填空
①As time goes by my memory seems to get worse.
②With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
③I was just about to go to bed when I heard a knock on the door.
④One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore，while another may prefer the mountains.
(4)写作能力提升
随着社会的快速发展，我们和朋友的聚会变少了。
①As our society develops quickly，we find less time to gather with our friends.(as)
②With our society developing quickly，we find less time to gather with our friends.(with)
(6)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones.
And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it!
我的存储量变得如此之大，连我自己都不能相信！
so/such...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。
(1)so...that...基本句式：

(2)such...that...基本句式：

(3)so that既引导结果状语从句也引导目的状语从句。引导目的状语从句时常用can/could/may/might等情态动词，此时so that可用in order that代替。
(4)当so/such及其后部分放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。
[要点释疑]
little既有“少”的意思，又有“小”的意思。当“少”讲时后接不可数名词，用so修饰；当“小”讲时后接可数名词，用such修饰。
(1)She is so clever a girl that we all like her.
＝She is such a clever girl that we all like her.
＝So clever a girl is she that we all like her.
＝Such a clever girl is she that we all like her.
她是一个如此聪明的姑娘，我们都喜欢她。
(2)There was so little water left that only little children were given some.
剩下的水不多了，只给小孩分了一些。
(3)写作能力提升
天气非常寒冷，以至于街上没有人。
①It was so cold a day that there was nobody on the street.(so)
②It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.(such)
③Such a cold day was it that there was nobody on the street.(such倒装句)
④So cold a day was it that there was nobody on the street.(so倒装句)

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It was just her childhood experiences that affected her character (性格)and later life.
2．Many people call the age we live in the age of technology(科技)．
3．Seeing their favourite star come in，the devoted fans arose (起身)from their seats immediately.
4．The policeman scolded the driver for turning without a signal (信号)．
5．Her childhood dream became a reality (现实)when she broke the 100m race world record.
6．It is well-known that overpopulation is a universal(普遍的)problem.
7．When the computer is stopped in this way，it can only be restarted by the operator(操作员)．
8．If the naughty (淘气的)students are removed from the class then the others can learn in peace.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Sickness often results in eating too much.in→from
2．In the way，I'm glad you made that mistake，for it will serve as a warning to you.the→a
3．The environment of Hong Kong is very outstanding that it is chosen as one of the world’s most livable cities.very→so
4．Can you give me some advice on what to deal with this difficulty？what→how或deal→do
5．He has been ill for a long time；as a result of，his heart is slightly damaged.去掉of
6．With the wealth of the country increases，more waste will be produced.With→As或increases→increasing
7．Several new companies arises in our city last year.arises→arose
8．How much do you have to pay in the total？去掉the
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
1．The history of computer began in France in 1642. It was first built only as a 2.calculating (calculate) machine, and later as an analytical machine that could “think” 3.logically (logic) and produce an answer quicker 4.than any person. Still later, the“universal machine” was built to solve mathematical problems, 5.which made the computer huge! As time 6.went (go) by, the computer was made smaller, quicker and 7.cleverer (clever). Till now，computers have been connected by network and 8.brought (bring) into common people’s homes to deal with information and help with communication 9.between people around the world. Since 10.its birth，the computer has always been designed to serve the human race.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
I’m part in an android football team. On the football team I’m a striker so I have to able to run very fast. My computer chips help me to move and thinks like a human. My first football competition is in Nagoya Japan several years ago. In the way our programmer is like our coach. She programs us with all the possibly moves she has seen while she watching human games. I would really like to play against a human team，for I have been programmed to act just like themselves. After all，with the help of my electronic brain which never forget anything, use my intelligence is what I’m all about!
答案：
I’m part an android football team. On the football team I’m a striker so I have to able to run very fast. My computer chips help me to move and like a human. My first football competition in Nagoya Japan several years ago. In way our programmer is like our coach. She programs us with all the moves she has seen while she 或watching human games. I would really like to play against a human team，for I have been programmed to act just like . After all，with the help of my electronic brain which never anything, my intelligence is what I’m all about!
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．在互联网的帮助下，人们可以在家办公，收发所需信息。
2．人们可以通过互联网买卖所需物品。
3．传统商店不能提供这样的服务。
4．人们可以下载各种资料。
5．我喜欢上网。
Firstly，with the help of the Internet，it’s possible for people to work at home with a computer，sending and getting the information they need.Secondly，people can buy or sell whatever they want by the Internet，while traditional shops can’t provide them with such service.Thirdly，people can download all kinds of information.
I love surfing the Internet.