2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：7.5


主题语境：人与社会——跨文化沟通、包容与合作

[话题单词]
1．institute n． 学院
2．department n． 部门，系
3．president n． 校长
4．apply v． 申请
5．dismiss v． 解散，开除
6．period n． 时期，学时
7．librarian n． 图书管理员
8．extra adj. 额外的
9．course/curriculum n． 课程
10．guarantee v． 保证
11．qualification n． 资格，条件
12．schedule n． 时刻表
13．destination n． 目的地
14．guide n． 向导；导游
15．route n． 路线
[话题短语]
1．concentrate on集中注意力于……
2．major in主修
3．optional lessons选修课
4．get/be admitted被录取
5．recommendation letter推荐信
6．in terms of tuition有关学费方面
7．apply for the university申请那所大学
8．spare no efforts to do不遗余力地去做
9．quality education policy素质教育的政策
10．be good at/do well in擅长
11．be weak in在……弱，不擅长
12．improve oneself in...在某方面提升自己
13．be tired of厌倦……
14．overcome difficulties克服困难
15．build up self－confidence树立自信
[话题佳句]
1．In recent years，studying abroad has become more and more popular with young students.
在最近几年当中，出国留学日益受到年轻学生们的欢迎。
2．Studying abroad alone can make them independent and determined.
独自一个人在国外上学能让学生变得独立和坚强。
3．They can study advanced technology and spread the culture from both home and abroad.
他们能学习外国先进的技术并且能传播国内外文化。
4．Sometimes，they can’t adapt themselves to the new surroundings immediately because of different cultural background.有时候，由于不同的文化背景，留学生不能很快适应新的环境。
5．Studying abroad makes them separate from their parents and friends，which can do harm to them physically and mentally.出国留学使他们与父母和朋友分离，这对他们的身心健康是很不利的。
6．However，other people approve of overseas studying，thinking it is helpful to improve themselves in learning and working.
然而，其他一部分人赞成出国留学，认为这对他们的学习和工作很有帮助。
[佳作背诵]
假设你是李华，你打算利用假期出国旅游。请你就此给你的美国笔友Michael写一封信，谈论一下你出国旅游的原因，并邀请Michael有时间来中国。
要点如下：
1．出国旅游很有意义；
2．开阔眼界，了解国外的风俗和历史；
3．和来自不同文化背景的人交朋友、学习外语；
4．放松身心，欣赏美景。
Dear Michael，
How are you?
These days，I am planning to travel abroad during the vacation.I think travelling abroad is very meaningful.First，travelling abroad can broaden my horizons.When I visit a foreign country，I can learn more about the customs and history of the country.At the same time，I can make lots of friends.Besides，communicating with the local people will give me the chance to learn a foreign language.The most important thing is that I can relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery.
Michael，please come to China when you are free.I do hope you can witness the great changes in China.
Best wishes!
Yours truly，
Li Hua

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①battery n. 电池
②cage n. 笼；鸟笼
③disturb vt. 扰乱；打扰
④bark vt.狗叫；尖叫
⑤idiom n. 习语， 成语
⑥lecture n．& vi.演讲；讲课
⑦destination n．目的地；终点
⑧routine n．常规；日常事务 adj.通常的；例行的
⑨apology n．道歉；谢罪→apologize v．道歉；谢罪
⑩preparation n．准备；预备→prepare v．准备；预备
⑪recommend vt.推荐；建议→recommendation n．推荐；建议；推荐信
⑫requirement n．需要；要求→require vt.需要；要求；命令
⑬occupy vt.占用；占领；占据→ occupation n．[U]占领；占据；[C]工作；职业→ occupied adj.已占用的；在使用中的
2．阅读单词
①visa n．签证
②tomb n. 坟墓
③agent n．代理人；经纪人
④inn n．小旅店；小饭店
⑤cafeteria n．自助餐厅
⑥minibus n．小型公共汽车
⑦queue n．队列；行列 vi.排队
⑧essay n. 散文；文章；随笔
⑨bachelor n. 未婚男子， 单身汉
⑩draft n．草稿；草案 vt.草拟，起草
⑪tutor n. 家庭教师， 私人教师； 导师
⑫numb adj. 麻木的，失去知觉的；迟钝的
⑬substitute n．& vt.代替者；代用品；用……代替……
⑭enterprise n．公司；企业，事业单位；事业；事业心
⑮drill n. 钻头；(反复的)训练 vt. 钻(孔)，在……上钻孔；重复训练
⑯parallel n．平行线(面)；相似物vt.使平行；与……媲美；与……相似 adj.平行的；类似的；电/并联的 adv.平行地，并列地
⑰govern v．统治；管理→government n．政府→governor n．管理者；总督；州长；理事
⑱optional adj.可选择的；随意的→option n．选择；选修
⑲abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的→abundance n．丰富
⑳contradict vt.反驳；驳斥→contradiction n．矛盾；反驳；驳斥
acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢→acknowledgement n．承认；确认；答谢→acknowledged adj.承认的；公认的
qualification n．资格；资历→qualified adj.有资格的；能胜任的→qualify v．(使)合格；(使)具有资格；取得资格
academic adj.学校的；学术的 n．大学教师→ academically adv. 学术说； 学业上→ academy n．研究院；学院；学会；专科学校
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．As we all know，China is abundant(abundance) in natural resources.
2．Recently，my classmates have had a heated discussion about whether we should have optional(option)courses in high schools.
3．—Are you sure he is qualified to drive a car?
—Yes.He got his driving qualification before he was qualified as a teacher.(qualify)
4．She apologized to us for her being late，and we accepted her apology.(apologize)
5．These new shoes are not very comfortable though they are designed for comfort.(comfort)
6．He is preparing for the exam，while his brother is making preparations for the sports meeting.(prepare)
7．This is strictly required，so if you don't match this requirement，please do not send your resume.(require)
8．He occupies an important position in a company，and is occupied with all kinds of activities，so his occupation brings him great fame and fortune. (occupy)
9．The young man was recommended as manager of the big company thanks to the recommendation letter of his professor.(recommend)
10．The government(govern)has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.

1．与“旅游”相关的高频词汇集锦
①destination n．目的地
②tourist attraction 旅游景点
③a place of interest 风景；名胜
④schedule n．时刻表
⑤accommodation n．住处；膳宿
⑥guide n．向导；导游
⑦route n．路线
⑧travel agency 旅行社
2．后缀－ward 方位词一览
①eastward adv.(＝eastwards)向东 adj.向东的，朝东的
②westward adv.(＝westwards)向西 adj.向西的，朝西的
③southward adv.(＝southwards)向南 adj.向南的，朝南的
④northward adv.(＝northwards)向北 adj.向北的，朝北的
⑤upward adv.(＝upwards)向上，上升地 adj.向上的
⑥downward adv.(＝downwards)向下地，下行地 adj.向下的，往下的
⑦forward adv.(＝forwards)向前 adj.向前方的
⑧backward adv.(＝backwards)向后 adj.向后的
3．“建议”高频词小结
①recommend vt.建议；推荐
②recommendation n．推荐
③advice n．建议
④advise vt.建议；忠告
⑤suggest vt.建议；提议
⑥suggestion n．建议
⑦proposal n．提议；建议
⑧propose v．建议
4．带后缀-ology的相关词汇集锦
①biology n．生物学
②geology n．地理学
③ecology n．生态学
④psychology n．心理学
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词(副词)
①adjust to 适应；调节
②fit in 相适应；相融和
③settle in (迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
④apply for 申请
⑤take up 从事，占据
2．其他形式
①keep it up 保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
②as far as one is concerned 就……而言
③be occupied with 忙着做……；忙于某事物
④day in and day out 日复一日
⑤out of the question 不可能的；不值得讨论的
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．It’s said that his youngest son fits in with the rest of his new class.
2．If you adjust to someone，a person begins to feel that you are with him on the same wave.
3．He seemed to be occupied with nothing but his food，his dogs，and his chickens.
4．Day in and day out you can hear them arguing about the same silly questions.
5．People like to settle in a place where food and water are abundant.
6．There are so many applicants，so it is out of the question that they will offer you the chance.
7．The piano takes up too much room in my bedroom；I want to move it downstairs.
8．As far as I’m concerned，you should come back after you finish your study abroad.

1．take高频短语速记
①take away 拿走
②take off 脱下，拿走，起飞
③take place 发生
④take on 呈现
⑤take in 吸收
⑥take back 带回，收回
⑦take part in 参加，参与
⑧take pride in 以……为自豪
⑨take great trouble 不辞劳苦
⑩take along 随身携带
2．fit 短语全掌握
①be fit for 胜任，适合，合格
②be fit to do sth. 适合做……
③fit in with 适应，适合
④keep fit 保持健康
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.
这是她第一次离开祖国。
It is/was the first time (that)．..是一个固定句型，意为“第一次……”。
2022年冬奥会将在北京和张家口举行，这是中国第一次成功申办(bid)冬奥会。
The 2022 Olympic Winter Games will take place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou，and it was the first time that China had won the bid successfully to host the Winter Olympics.
2.But I was also very nervous as I didn’t know what to expect...
但是我又非常紧张，因为我不知道我所期望的是什么……
what to expect属于“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
正当我们疑惑该做什么的时候，经理走了出来。
When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.
3.I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
我一直忙于学习，以至于没有时间去搞社交活动。
so...that“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句。
新图书馆设备如此完善，以至于许多武汉市民都可以去那里借阅图书。
The new library is so well equipped that many citizens in Wuhan can go there to read and borrow books.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Study in America
Nannan's father runs an enterprise near the Ming Tombs selling batteries and drills to the Daqing Oilfield.Hoping to get 1.the qualification to help govern it，Nannan made much 2.preparation (prepare) and then left her motherland with her visa to study in America.Having reached her destination，she settled in an inn 3.recommended (recommend) by the travel agent.
As far as Nannan was concerned，she always kept it up in China.But she had to acknowledge 4.it was not easy to adjust herself to the new academic requirements，which were not parallel with China's.Though she 5was occupied(occupy) with lectures and seminars day in and day out，the essays she drafted were still contradicted by her tutors.As for her routine life，she felt that it was 6.hard(hardly) to fit in，too.For example，she found English idioms difficult to understand.And it was out of the question to eat delicious Chinese foods though many optional cafeterias served abundant 7.substitutes(substitute)．In addition，she had to wait in a queue early for the minibus that took her to school and it was usually so cold that she felt numb.8.What bothered her most was that she received no apology when her sleeping was disturbed by a barking dog in a shopkeeper's cage.
Luckily，9.with her parents comforting her by videophone，she became autonomous soon and eventually got her bachelor's degree 10.successfully (success).


recommend vt.推荐；建议
(教材原句)Xie Lei highly recommends it.
谢蕾强力推荐它。
拓展词：recommendation n. 推荐；介绍信
(1)recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
recommend sb.to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb.(should)do sth.建议某人做某事
recommend sb.sth. 向某人推荐某物
recommend sb./sth.to sb.把某人/某物推荐给某人
recommend sb.as/to be...推荐某人为……
(2)It's strongly/highly recommended that sb. (should) do...强烈建议……
(1)I recommend that you find your way in style.
我建议你找到自己的风格方式。
(2)语境活用
Our president asked us to recommend(recommend)a general manager to him，so I recommended(recommend)Mr.Green for the position because Mr.Green was highly recommended (recommend)as a man with strong determination，good temper and ability as well as rich experience.After Mr.Green came to his position，he recommended increasing(increase)the market share by setting up a new sales department in China.
我们的董事长要我们向他推荐一位总经理，所以我推荐格林先生当此重任。因为格林先生是一位受到高度赞扬的具有坚强的意志、卓越的才能、脾气好且有丰富的经验的人。在格林先生上任后，他建议通过在中国建立新的销售部门增加市场份额。
(3)写作能力提升
Our English teacher recommends us to do more listening，speaking，reading and writing if we want to learn English well.(改写为含有宾语从句的复合句)
→Our English teacher recommends that we(should) do more listening，speaking，reading and writing if we want to learn English well.
acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢；感谢
(教材原句)First of all，he told me，I couldn't write what other people had said without acknowledging them.
他告诉我说，首先，我不能把别人的话写下来而不表示感谢。
拓展词：acknowledgement n．承认；感谢；收件复函
(1)acknowledge sb./sth. to be/as...认为某人/物是……；承认某人/物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事
acknowledge that...承认……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。
(2)in acknowledgement of为感谢……
(1)He acknowledged(acknowledge) the greeting with a nod.
他点头回应了问候。
(2)We gratefully acknowledge(acknowledgement) the contributions of everyone who helped us.
我们衷心感谢每一位帮助过我们的人所付出的努力。
(3)单句语法填空
①He finally acknowledged having made(make)a mistake.
②It is acknowledged that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.
③There was no acknowledgement(acknowledge)of the extent of the problem.
(4)能力提升
It's universally acknowledged that he is the best player in the world.(改为简单句)
→He is universally acknowledged to be/as the best player in the world.
occupy vt.占用；占领；占据
(教材原句)I have been so occupied with work that I haven't had time for social activities.
我一直忙于学习，以至于我没有时间去参与社会活动。
拓展词：occupation n．工作；职业；占领
occupied adj.已占用的；无空闲的
(1)occupy oneself with sth./(in)doing sth.忙于(做)某事
(2)keep sb.occupied使某人忙碌
be occupied with sth./(in)doing sth.忙于(做)某事
[联想记忆]
“忙于(做某事)”的其他表达
be busy doing sth./with sth.
be engaged in doing sth.
be employed in doing sth.(1)His speech occupied(occupy) only three minutes.
他的演讲仅用了三分钟。
(2)His work occupies(occupy) him for the whole day.
工作使他忙了一整天。
(3)单句语法填空
①I suppose I was looking for an occupation (occupy) which was going to be an adventure.
②Teaching and doing housework keep her occupied (occupy) every day.
③The new comers were occupied in writing (write) letters home.
(4)写作能力提升
当我进来的时候，学生们正忙着做作业。
①When I came in，the students were occupied with their homework.(occupied)
②When I came in，the students were occupied in doing their homework.(occupied)
③When I came in，the students were busy with their homework.(busy)
④When I came in，the students were busy doing their homework.(busy)
(5)写作能力提升
She occupied herself with routine office tasks and had no time to attend to her children.
①Occupying herself with routine office tasks，she had no time to attend to her children.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②Occupied with routine office tasks，she had no time to attend to her children.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
(教材原句)KEEP IT UP，XIE LEI.
谢蕾，再接再厉。
keep one's head/temper保持冷静/强压怒火
keep a school/a family/a diary开办学校/养家糊口/写日记
keep one's word/keep to one's promise履行诺言
keep the law守法
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep an eye on...密切注视
keep up with跟上；保持同步水平不落后
keep away from远离；不接触
keep to sth.信守；坚持；坚守；不违背(诺言、计划等)
keep...from(doing)sth.避开；禁止；克制
keep off让开；不接近
keep back留下；隐瞒；阻止
keep...in mind 记住……
(1)You're doing great.You just keep it up！
你做得很好。继续努力吧！
(2)In face of the challenge for the moment，it's the most important to keep up a good state of health.
面对目前的挑战，最重要的是保持良好的健康状态。
(3)用keep相关短语的适当形式填空
①We appeal to the government to keep down prices because living expenses are too high.
②The police asked the people to keep off/keep away from the scene of the accident.
③Though things have changed，they keep to the original purpose.
④We asked her to stop talking，but she kept up.
⑤He stopped at a shop for something，so he failed to keep up with his associates and was left behind.
(4)语境活用
We should keep in mind that we should always keep our promise we have made，and that we should keep up our spirit even when we lay behind.Because if we face these difficulties positively，we will keep up with others.At last，keep away from those bad guys.
我们得牢记，一定要信守自己作出的承诺；另外，即使落后也要精神高涨，因为如果我们能积极面对困难，我们就一定能赶上别人。最后，要远离那些坏人。
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work，which helps them keep(keep) fit.
fit in相适应；相融合
(教材原句)Chinese student fitting in well.
适应能力强的中国学生。
(1)fit in with与……合得来；适应
fit into sth. 适合
fit sb.for sth.使某人胜任某事
(2)be fit for/to do sth. 胜任某事/适合做某事
keep fit/healthy 保持健康
(1)Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.运动有助于你保持健康，接触大自然。
(2)The food was not fit for human consumption.
这食物不适宜人吃。
(3)单句语法填空
①He tried as much as he could to fit in but he could not because his mind was at home.
②Do these plans fit in with your arrangements?
③She's not fit to look after children.
(4)语境话用——用fit相关短语的适当形式填空
As we all know，the modern life is very fast，so if we want to ①fit in with(适应)it，we must take exercise regularly to ②keep fit (保持健康)．Only in this way can we ③fit ourselves for (胜任)our job and live a happy life.
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit(fit)．

It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.这是她第一次离开祖国。
句式It/This/That＋is(was)＋the first/the second/...time that...表示“某人第一次/二次/……次做某事”。
注意从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时或过去完成时。is与has/have done对应；was与had done对应。
(1)It is/was(about/high)time(that)．..should do/did sth.意为“到了做某事的时间了”。相当于It is/was time for sb.to do sth.。
(2)It/This/That was a time when...那是一段……的时期
(3)There was a time when...有一段……的时期
(4)It's time for sth.该是(做)……的时候了
(5)It's time(for sb.)to do sth.该是(某人)做……的时候了
(6)the first time还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……时”。
(7)for the first time是介词短语，只能用作句子的状语，不可用来引导状语从句，它不具有连词的功能，表示“第一次”。
(1)It's time to make(make) good use of time.
该是好好利用时间的时候了。
(2)It is (high) time that we did (do) something to stop pollution.
该是我们做些什么来制止污染的时候了。
(3)It was a time when women could not learn medicine and work as a doctor.那是一个妇女不能学医，当医生的时期。
(4)It was the first time that my dream had taken on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training.这是第一次我的梦想以一个生动的形式呈现出来并在我的训练开始时发挥着重要作用。
(5)单句语法填空
①This is the first time that I have heard(hear) him sing.
②It is high time that we took/should take(take)immediate action to solve the problem.
③He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.
(6)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and other animals.
You have to get used to a whole new way of life，which can take up all your concentration in the beginning.你得适应一种全新的生活方式，在一开始的时候这就会占去你的全部精力。
be/get used to(doing)．..习惯于(做)……
be used to do...被用来做……
used to do...过去常常做……
(1)Travellers are used to/get used to living in different climates and conditions.
旅行者习惯在不同的气候和条件下生活。
(2)Used he/Did he use to come by bus?
他过去常常坐公共汽车来吗？
(3)单句语法填空
①She used to wash(wash)dishes in a restaurant.
②You'll soon get used to speaking(speak)in public.
③The wood can be used to make(make)desks and chairs.
④He used to go for long walks in the morning，usedn't/didn't he?
(4)写作能力提升
He was used to the life in the desert and he refused to leave.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
→Used to the life in the desert，he refused to leave.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It was universally acknowledged (承认)that purple is a noble color.
2．An English idiom (习语)is a set expression made of two or more words.
3．It has become a routine (惯例)for him to read for an hour in the garden daily.
4．I find it a great honor to be asked to write a preface to this collection of his essays(散文)．
5．You can find out more about your destination(目的地) by surfing the Internet before you set out.
6．I strongly recommend (推荐)some effective and urgent measures be taken to protect the old temple.
7．In many cases the Internet is not considered to be a substitute (代替者)for letters.
8．After graduation from university，he worked as a lawyer，lecturer (讲师)and then took up politics.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I was feeling a bit nervous because it was the first time that I have given a speech on my own.have→had
2．Occupying with various research projects all day，he was tired out.Occupying→Occupied
3．In trouble，good company helps to keep up with your spirits.去掉with
4．Since he arrived in Beijing，he has adjusted to eat the northern food gradually.eat或去掉eating
5．He has got used to live in the remote mountainous village without any modern conveniences.live→living
6．It is recommended that we must be prepared for the possible trouble.must→should或去掉must
7．He acknowledged donate a great deal of money to the flooded area.donate→donating
8．Rose is really comfort to all of us.She brings us a lot of fun and happiness.really后加a
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Six months ago Xie Lei boarded a plane 1.for London to complete a business qualification.2.When she came to England，she lived with a host family,3.whose members always helped her.At the beginning she had to face such difficulties of daily life 4.as how to use the phone，and how to pay bus fare.Besides，she also 5had (have) to face the difficulties of learning at the university.Studying there was quite 6.different (differ) from studying in China and she needed some preparation first.She had to get 7.used (use) to a new way of life，which took up all her concentration.It was 8.beneficial (benefit) as well as difficult for her to study in London.She learned 9.how to fulfill Western academic requirements.Xie Lei also learned that as 10.a student，she should not use other people’s work but try to express her own ideas.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Peru is a country in the Pacific coast of South America.In the high plains area are Lake Titicaca，the most highest lake in the world.It is a beautiful lake，which boats can travel.Peru has wide variety of plants.It gained its independent from Spain in 1821.The capital of Peru is Lima，that is in the north on the coast.The ancient Inca capital，Cuzco，is a popularly tourist destination.Cuzco is a lively city where both Indian or Spanish culture and art can be seen.It is a wonderful place of you to visit.
答案：
Peru is a country the Pacific coast of South America.In the high plains area Lake Titicaca，the most highest lake in the world.It is a beautiful lake，或 boats can travel.Peru has wide 或 of plants.It gained its from Spain in 1821.The capital of Peru is Lima， is in the north on the coast.The ancient Inca capital，Cuzco，is a tourist destination.Cuzco is a lively city where both Indian Spanish culture and art can be seen.It is a wonderful place you to visit.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．就我而言，我推荐年轻人出国学习。
2．出国学习可以获得丰富的经验。
3．起初，他们可能会忙于适应新的生活方式。
4．最好选择寄宿家庭，寄宿家庭可以代替家人给予安慰。
5．我相信，他们很快就会安顿下来。
6．他们会感觉如在家里一样舒适。
As far as I’m concerned，I recommend studying abroad to help young people grow up.It is acknowledged that we can get abundant experience needed in the future enterprise.But before going abroad，they must make enough preparations.At first，they may be occupied in adjusting themselves to the new way of life.They can choose a host family，so when they are homesick，the family can serve as a substitute to give them great comfort.I’m sure they can settle in the new environment，and feel much more ease at home.