2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：7.2



[话题单词]
1．shape n． 形状
2．function n． 功能
3．purpose n． 目的
4．appearance n． 外观
5．service n． 服务
6．entertainment n． 娱乐
7．programme n． 程序
8．high－tech adj. 高科技的
9．laptop n． 手提电脑
10．database n． 数据库
11．smart adj. 聪明的
12．digital adj. 数字的
13．chip n． 芯片
14．historic adj. 具有重大历史意义的
15．electronic adj. 电子的
[话题短语]
1．with the development of science and the progress of society
随着科技的发展和社会的进步
2．bring our lives more convenience and benefits
给我们的生活带来便捷和实惠
3．of the latest design最新设计的，最新式的
4．controlled by a computer由计算机控制
5．a robot design competition机器人设计大赛
6．positive and negative aspects of robots
机器人的积极和消极的方面
7．personally/in one’s opinion/as far as I am concerned
就我个人而言
8．what is more/moreover而且
9．satisfy one’s demands满足某人的要求
10．a scientific achievement科学成就
[话题佳句]
1．Every home will have a robot.
每个家庭都会有一个机器人。
2．This is the robot of artificial intelligence in my mind.
这就是我心目中的人工智能机器人。
3．Technology of Intelligent Mobile Robot is an important branch robotics.
智能移动机器人技术是机器人研究领域的一个重要分支。
4．The robot can guarantee that he can set the human free from the heavy housework.
机器人能够保证把人类从繁重的家务中解脱出来。
5．Space Robot will play an important role in future space projects.
在未来的空间活动中，空间机器人将要发挥越来越重要的作用。
[佳作背诵]
美国好莱坞的一些科幻大片中有一些在未来社会机器人想要统治地球并征服人类的情节，请你根据下面要点提供的信息用英语写一篇文章谈谈你对这个问题的看法。
1．描述这些情节；
2．你的看法：你认为机器人不可能统治地球；
3．原因：(1)机器人没有感情，没有思想；(2)虽然能够完成一些人类无法完成的工作，但也是在人类的控制下进行的。
In some science fiction blockbusters filmed by Hollywood in America，the robot is described as a kind of machine which wants to control humans and rule the earth in the society of the future.In my opinion，it is impossible for the robot to rule the earth.Firstly the robot is only a kind of machine which has neither thoughts nor feelings.Thus it will not have its own wish or dream at all.Secondly，although the robot can do some work that humans can not do，it is working under the control of humans.That is to say，it is not able to do anything by itself.Thus，the robot will never control the earth.That is just a kind of science fiction.

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①envy vt. 忌妒；羡慕
②staff n．全体员工；手杖
③affair n．事务；事情；暧昧关系
④obey vt.& vi.服从；顺从 →disobey vt.& vi.不服从；违抗
⑤talent n．天才；特殊能力；才干talented adj.有才能的；天才的
⑥declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declaration n．宣布；宣言；声明
⑦desire n．渴求；欲望；渴望vt.希望得到；想要→desirable adj.值得要的；令人满意的
⑧favor n．喜爱；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒→favorable adj.赞成的；有利的→favorite adj.特别喜爱的
⑨affection n．喜爱；爱；感情→affect vt.影响；感动→effect n．结果；作用；影响
⑩satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfy vt.满足；使满意→satisfactory adj.满意的；符合要求的→satisfying adj.令人满足的；令人满意的
2．阅读单词
①absurd adj.荒谬的；可笑的
②divorce n．& vt.离婚；与……离婚
③grand adj. 宏伟的
④chapter n．章；节
⑤fiction n．小说；虚构
⑥bonus n．津贴，奖金；红利
⑦absurd adj.荒谬的，怪诞不经的
⑧biography n. 传记，传记文学
⑨awful adj. 很坏的，极讨厌的
⑩digital adj. 数字的， 数码的
⑪bound adj.一定的；密切相关的；被束缚的；被绑的；有义务的v.& n．跳跃
⑫elegant adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的→elegance n．高雅；典雅；优雅
⑬junior adj.较年幼的；资历浅的 n. 年少者 senior (反义词)adj. 较年长的；地位较高的；高年级的 n. 年长者；资历较深者；高年级学生
⑭sympathy n．同情(心)→sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的→sympathize v．同情；怜悯
⑮assessment n．评价；评定→assess vt.评价；评定；估价，估定→assessable adj.可估价的；可征收的
⑯alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐 n．警报→ alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的
⑰theoretical adj.理论的；假设的→ theory n. 理论；原理；学说
⑱companion n．伙伴，伴侣，同伴 company n．陪伴，伴随 accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．She was tired of the hard life in the mountain village and desired(desire) to go out.
2．I was very alarmed (alarm)to hear the news.
3．Tom had a deep affection(affect)for his grandfather.
4．It is declared(declare)that both sides agree to stop fighting.
5．I still remember that he often accompanied (accompany)me to the supermarket.
6．The young lady dressed elegantly(elegant)when she went to work.
7．He was right in his assessment(assess)and wrong in his prediction.
8．The soldier who disobeyed(obey)the order has been severely punished.
9．To the satisfaction(satisfy)of the teacher，the experiment was successful.
10．The old man asked the boy to find his favourite(favour)book.

1．“渴望”一族速记
①desire to do sth.
②desire sb to do sth.
③desire that sb. should do
④long to do sth.
⑤wish to do
⑥be eager to do sth.
2．说说“婚姻”家族
①marry 结婚；娶；嫁
②get married 结婚
③marry a fortune 和有钱人结婚
④marry into the purple 与显贵联姻
⑤marry off 嫁出
⑥marry up 使成夫妇
⑦marriage 结婚，婚姻
⑧divorce 离婚；使离婚
⑨divorcement 离婚
⑩anniversary 周年纪念(日)
⑪bride 新娘
⑫bridegroom 新郎
⑬wedding 婚礼
⑭single 单身的
⑮widow 寡妇
3．以over－开头的单词速记
①oversleep v．睡过头
②overlook v．俯瞰；忽略
③overthrow v．推翻
④overhear v．无意中听到
⑤overestimate v．高估
⑥overflow v．从……溢出
⑦overdue adj.过期未付
⑧overseas adv.在海外；在国外
4．“最终，终于”家族
①finally adv.最后，终于
②eventually adv.最后，终于
③at last最终，终于
④in the end最后，终于
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词(副词)
①test out 试验；考验
②ring up 给……打电话
③turn around 转向；回转
④leave...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
⑤set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
⑥reach for 伸手去够
2．其他形式
①in all 一共；总计
②be bound to 一定做……
③in favour of 支持；赞成
④or rather 更确切地说
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．I turned around and saw a pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.
2．I've been trying to ring up all day but I couldn't get through.
3．You are bound to achieve your dreams if you insist on them and try your best.
4．There was little time left.He had to walk，or rather run to the office.
5．Her only fear was that her little son would be left alone in the world in case something happened to her.
6．The students’number is 3,000 in all.
7．Some experts are in favour of animal testing while others are against it.
8．All our products must be tested out before they are put to the market on sale.

1．常考v.＋out一族速记
①break out 爆发
②carry out 实施
③come out 出版
④figure out 弄清楚
⑤give out 放出
⑥leave out 省去
⑦let out 放出、发出
⑧make out 证明
⑨pick out 选出
⑩put out 扑灭
⑪run out 用完
⑫set out 出发
⑬turn out 证明
⑭work out 制定出(计划、方案等)
2．a＋n.＋of常用短语
①a set of 一套
②a kind of 一种
③a series of 一系列
④a pair of 一双
⑤a couple of 一对
⑥a number of 许多
⑦a good deal of 许多
⑧a bit of 一点
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.
机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
it是形式主语，that引导的从句是句子的真正主语。
你错过了一场这么好的关于未来机器人的报告真是可惜。
It was a pity that you missed such a good lecture about the robots in the future.
2.As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那儿。
当there，here，up，down，in，out，now，then等表示方位或时间的副词位于句首时，句子要完全倒装。
这家饭店隔壁还有多栋大楼和另一家装修华丽的大酒店。
Next to this restaurant stand many buildings and another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated.
3.What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!
受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利！
本句为what引导的感叹句，基本结构为：What＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.＋主语＋谓语！
看，男孩们正在操场上玩耍。多么温馨的场景啊！
Look！The boys are playing on the playground.What a warm scene it is！
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Happy Marriage Needs Fighting For
As a talented navy officer，he was bound to be busy.When his wife rang him up to declare her divorce alarm，he was still scanning a digital counter to check the data so as to give an 1.assessment (assess) of the theoretical framework for a biochemical weapon.His junior staff's sympathy made him feel 2.embarrassed (embarrass)．
His wife was a part-time clerk.With his high bonus，she lived in a grand house with 3.elegant (elegantly) cushions and bedding.Her favour was reading stars' biographies or absurd fictions 4.with endless chapters in her armchair.People envied her leisure life very 5much(more)．But in fact，she was tired of being left alone.She sent emails to his mailbox every week to state her thinking and ask for his 6.accompaniment (accompany)，but never received reply of satisfaction.Tired of his explanation 7.that he must obey the orders，she filed for divorce.
Because he 8. desired (desire) to get their holy affection back，he set other affairs aside.He trimmed his fingernails short and changed his overweight figure as well as his awful haircut.He wore an apron to prepare delicious cuisine for her.He also bought her 9.a necklace and piles of flowers hoping that their receiver could turn around.
After 10.being tested (test) out for 3 months in all，he eventually succeeded.
Notes：biochemical /ˌbaɪəʊ'kemɪkl/ adj.生物化学的　leisure /'leʒə(r)/ n．闲暇；悠闲 adj.闲暇的；空闲的　trim /trɪm/ n．修剪；整齐 v．装饰；修剪 adj.整齐的；修长的；苗条的


desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.希望得到；想要
(教材原句)Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires?
你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？
拓展词：desirable adj.想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
(1)have a desire for.../to do...渴望……/做……
meet/satisfy one's desires满足某人的愿望
have a strong desire to do sth./for sth.迫切想做某事/得到某物
have no desire to do sth.不想做某事
(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事
desire that...希望……(后接虚拟语气的从句)
[要点释疑]
desire作及物动词，不用于进行时态。desire意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。此外，由desire变化而来的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
(1)Giving something of yourself without the desire for anything in return is one of the most beautiful things in the world.世界上最美好的事情之一是付出而不求回报。
(2)In order to achieve goals，you must have a strong desire to do(do) so.要实现目标，你必须有实现它们的强烈愿望。
(3)语境活用
My daughter is now in Senior Three.She desires (desire) that she should be admitted to a famous university.Besides，she has a strong desire for majoring in English in university.But I desire her to study (study) medicine in the future.Under great pressure，she desires to have (have) a pleasant holiday in the coming golden week.
我的女儿现在上高三了。她渴望被一所名牌大学录取。而且，她非常想主修英语专业。但我希望她以后学医。在较大的压力下，她希望在未来的“黄金周”里度过一个快乐的假期。
(4)写作能力提升
我们班的每个学生都渴望上名牌大学。
①Each student in our class has a strong desire to go to a famous university.(desire n．)
②Each student in our class desires to go to a famous university.(desire v．)
(5)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook(cook)．
favour n．喜爱；恩惠；帮助；优惠
vt.喜爱；偏袒
(教材原句)As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.
托尼为了让克莱尔高兴起来，答应帮助她，使她变得更漂亮，使她的家变得更高雅大方。
拓展词：favourable adj.赞同的；有利的
favourite adj.最喜爱的
ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙
do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙
owe sb. a favour欠……的人情
do sth.as a favour为了帮忙而做某事
in favour of同意；支持；优先选择
in one's favour有利于某人
(1)Will you do me a favour and take this to the post office for me？你可以帮我把这个拿到邮局吗？
(2)The exchange rate is in our favour for the time being.汇率暂时对我们有利。
(3)单句语法填空
①I owed him a favour，so I couldn't say no.
②Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.
(4)写作能力提升
劳驾，请把窗户打开好吗？
①Would you do me the favour to open the window?
②Would you do me the favour of opening the window?
accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有
(教材原句)As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops，he wrote out a list of items for her.
她不允许他陪她去商店，因此他为她列了一个物品清单。
拓展词：companion n．同伴；伙伴
company n．陪伴；陪同；公司
(1)accompany sb.＝keep sb.company陪伴某人
accompany sb.to someplace陪伴/陪同某人到某地
(2)accompany sb.at/on sth.用某物为某人伴奏
be accompanied by/with由……伴奏/伴随/陪伴
(3)keep sb.company＝accompany sb.陪伴某人
in the company of sb.在某人的陪伴/陪同下
(1)Last night，my companions kept me company to see a film and then they accompanied me back to my home.
昨晚，我的同伴陪我去看了一场电影，然后他们又陪我回家。
(2)单句语法填空
①Accompanied(accompany) by cheerful music，the children began to dance.
②While she danced wonderfully on the stage，her mother accompanied her on the piano.
③She asked me to accompany her to the airport.
④The architect，accompanied by his associates，is(be) surveying the land now.
(3)写作能力提升
上周，我们和几个外国游客一起参观了博物馆。
①We visited the museum in company with a few foreign tourists last week.(company)
②We visited the museum accompanied by/with a few foreign tourists last week.(accompany)
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)What's more，I have accumulated related experience by working part-time in a travel agency，accompanying(accompany) some foreign tourists.




declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
(教材原句)She cried out“Tony”and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。
declare sth.宣布某事
declare that...宣布……
declare sb./sth.(to be)＋adj.宣布某人/某物……
declare for/against...公开表示支持/反对
declare oneself 发表意见，表明态度
declare war on/against (对……)宣战
declare sth.open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
(1)She declared(declare) herself (to be) happy and satisfied.
她声称自己非常幸福和满足。
(2)Nobody present declared against the plan for next term.在场的没有人声明反对下学期的计划。
(3)语境活用
The newly-elected president declared for their action，meaning that he declared (declare) it to be legal；as a result，he must be responsible for his declaration (declare)．
这位新当选的总统表示赞成他们的行为，这意味着他宣布这个行动是合法的，因此，他必须为他的声明负责。
(4)单句语法填空
①The accused man was declared (declare) to be innocent by the court.
②When they asked him for his opinion，he declared strongly against the policy.
③It has been declared already that the contract is illegal.
(5)写作能力提升
He declared that it was true.(改为简单句)
→He declared it to be true.

ring up给……打电话
(教材原句)When the clerk at the counter was rude to her，she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.
当站柜台的售货员对她粗鲁时，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼说话。
打电话给某人
call/ring back回电话
ring off/hang up挂断电话
hold on别挂断
(1)I'll ring him up again.我会再打电话给他。
(2)Let's ring for a taxi.我们打电话叫辆出租车。
(3)Can I ring back later？我过一会儿再回电话好吗？
(4)I have something important to say.Please hold on for a moment.我有要事要说，请不要挂断电话。
(5)I was about to answer the phone when it was rung (ring)off last night.
昨天晚上我正要接电话，就在这时电话挂断了。
set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
(教材原句)He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise.当他的老板说他可以留出一些时间进行锻炼时，他感到高兴。
lay aside储蓄；把……放到一边
put aside把……放在一旁；忽视；储存
move aside把……移到一边
stand aside让开；袖手旁观
step aside让位；退位
leave aside搁置一边
(1)She sets/puts/lays aside a little money each week.
她每周都省出一点钱。
(2)Bill never stands (stand)aside when there is something that wants doing.有事要做的时候，比尔从不袖手旁观。
(3)写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①There is a little time left.Let's set aside our personal feelings for now.暂时不考虑
②After the experiment，please set the chemicals and tools aside.将……放在一边
③I try to set aside a few minutes each day to help my mother do the housework，though I am very busy.为……保留时间
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke，inform your hall staff.

　It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.也就在这时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。
本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语“then”。
(1)强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、表语和状语等。
(2)强调句的疑问句形式。强调句变为一般疑问句时，直接将is/was置于句首
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...。
(4)强调“not...until”引导的时间状语时，要用“It is/was not until...that...”结构，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。
[要点释疑]
(1)强调句型中的主谓一致现象：强调主语时，that/who后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)强调句型的判断方法：将it is/was和that/who同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然是一个完整的句子。若完整，则是强调句型；若不完整，则为状语从句、定语从句或主语从句等。
(1)It's your efforts not your intelligence that determine your success.决定你成功的是你的努力而非智力。
(2)Who was it that told you such a thing?
究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？
(3)Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street？你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？
(4)People say，“Guilin's scenery is peerless in the world.”It was not until I visited the place that I found it really worthy of the reputation.
人们都说“桂林山水甲天下”，直到我到桂林一看，才发现它果然名不虚传。
(5)写作能力提升
直到作为交流生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。
①He didn't realize the importance of learning English well until he went to America as an exchange student.
②It was not until he went to the America as an exchange student that he realized the importance of learning English well.(强调句型)
③Not until he went to the America as an exchange student did he realize the importance of learning English well.(倒装句)
(6)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As a saying goes，wisdom is more to be envied(羡慕)than riches.
2．My younger brother is now studying in junior(初级的)school.
3．The girl sitting in front of me is elegant(优雅)as well as kind.
4．When we make healthy habits a part of our everyday life，we are bound (一定)to keep healthy.
5．We should express sympathy (同情)for the persons who are unlucky，no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers.
6．The president appeared，accompanied (陪伴)by six strong body guards.
7．She was tired of the hard life in the mountain village and desired (渴望)to go out.
8．We have time and time again declared(声称；声明)that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I've come to ask you to do me favour.me后加a
2．After a whole afternoon's heated discussion，they finally declared us what had been decided.declared后加to
3．We will leave to London next week.to→for
4．Look！There stand the highest building of the city.stand→stands
5．Some doctors advise setting down some time each day for worries.down→aside
6．It is not a good idea to have the machine run all the time.run→running
7．She had a computer at home，and her parents desired that she did all her work at home.did→do
8．Is it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry？Is→Was
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
A robot 1.used (use) for housework was tested out in a family.He looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth hair,2.speaking (speak) in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home so he hired such a robot to accompany his wife Claire.Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning,3.but she agreed to it at last.4.At her first sight of Tony，Claire was alarmed.When Tony offered to help her dressing，Claire felt 5.embarrassed (embarrass).6.Gradually (gradual)，Tony began to win Claire’s trust.He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant，giving her a new haircut，changing the makeup she 7.wore (wear) and giving her advice on her dresses.Therefore，at the party all the guests 8.who/that were invited 9.were filled (fill) with admiration when they saw her house was completely changed.After the test，the company was satisfied with Tony’s report 10.because he had successfully made a woman regain her confidence.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and a writer.He wrote around 480 books where included mystery stories，science and history books.But he is better known for his science fiction stories.He had an extraordinarily imagination that gives him the ability to explore future worlds.Besides，he searched explanations of everything，in the present and the past，with an amazed mind.Throughout his life，Asimov received many award.He married two.He married his first wife in 1942 and married again in 1973.In 1992，he died of New York.
答案：
Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and a writer.He wrote around 480 books included mystery stories，science and history books.But he is known for his science fiction stories.He had an imagination that him the ability to explore future worlds.Besides，he searched explanations of everything，in the present and the past，with an mind.Throughout his life，Asimov received many .He married .He married his first wife in 1942 and married again in 1973.In 1992，he died New York.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．我的朋友李明从小就很渴望自己制造一个机器人。
2．他的父母不让他整天摆弄一些机器零件。
3．上了大学后，他开始检测一些电子元件的性能。
4．他把自己很多其他的爱好都放到了一边。
5．到目前为止，很多公司打电话给他，要买他的发明。
My friend Li Ming has had the desire to make a robot himself from childhood.But for fear that it would influence his study，his parents wouldn't have him playing with parts of machine.After he went to college he began to test out some electronic instruments.He has devoted himself to it and set aside many other hobbies，and in the end，his efforts paid off.By far，many companies have rung him up to buy his invention.