2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：7.4



[话题单词]
1．relationship n． 关系
2．cooperate v． 合作
3．civilized adj. 文明的
4．honest adj. 真诚的
5．credible adj. 诚信的
6．peaceful adj. 和平的
7．build v． 创建
8．cherish v． 珍惜
9．considerate adj. 体贴的
10．conflict n． 冲突
11．ignore v． 忽略；不理睬
12．reliable adj. 可信赖的
13．attitude n． 态度
14．wealthy adj. 富裕的
15．reasonable adj. 通情达理的，正当的，合理的
[话题短语]
1．help each other互助
2．learn from each other互相学习
3．trust each other彼此信任
4．promote the friendship增进友谊
5．improve the relationship改善关系
6．show love and concern for sb.爱护和关心某人
7．build a good relationship建立良好的关系
8．be in order有序
9．care for each other互相关心
10．have a great desire to do sth.想做某事
11．communicate with交流、沟通
12．personal interests个人利益
13．be public－spirited有公益精神的，热心公益的
14．voluntary labor义务劳动
15．serve the people为人民服务
16．heart and soul全心全意
[话题佳句]
1．He frequently donates large sums to charity.
他常常向慈善机构捐赠大笔钱款。
2．Love is giving and love is paying attention to others.I will do my best to give all my love to others.
爱是给予，爱是关注他人，我将尽力把我所有的爱奉献给他人。
3．It is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.
向贫困地区的孩子们捐书和运动物品更有意义。
4．Charities appealed for donations of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane.
慈善机构呼吁为飓风的受害者们捐献食品和衣物。
5．If most bread－winners donate a day’s pay to the Hope Project，then it will make a great difference.
如果大多数挣工资的人把一天的所得捐给希望工程的话，那将意义重大。
[佳作背诵]
申请参加图书分享活动
Bookcrossing.com是一个面向全球的图书分享网站。该网站组织的分享活动有两种参与方式：一是自由分享(wild release)，即把书放在指定地点，由其他参与者自由获取；二是定向分享(controlled release)，即直接传递给另一位参与者。假设你是李华，请用英文写信申请参加。内容应包括：
1．表明写信目的；
2．选择一种分享方式；
3．简述做出该选择的理由；
4．希望了解更多信息。
注意：1.词数不少于100左右；
2．书信格式及开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
Dear Sir or Madam，


Yours，
Li Hua
Dear Sir or Madam，
I’m so glad to learn that you’re organizing an activity to share books worldwide.I’m more than willing to participate in it for the reason that I am a book lover and own many books.
Of the two approaches you provide，I prefer controlled release to wild release.By means of the former，I can deliver my books to a certain reader.It can let me know my books are playing their roles.Besides，a bridge of communication can be built up with readers from other parts of the world.
I do hope that you can provide more specific information for me.Look forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①concept n．概念
②astronaut n. 宇航员
③purchase vt.& n．买；购买
④platform n．讲台，(车站的)月台
⑤otherwise conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面
⑥adjust vt.&vi.调整；(使)适合→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整
⑦participate vi.参与；参加→ participation n．参加，参与 →participant n．参与者
⑧donate vt.捐赠→ donation n．捐赠 donator n．捐赠者
⑨voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的 →volunteer n．& vi.志愿者；自愿做……
⑩operate vi.工作；运转 vt.操作→ operation n．手术，运转 →operator n．操作人员
2．阅读单词
①fortnight n．两星期
②arrangement n．安排；排列
③click vt.& vi. (使)发出咔嗒声n.咔嗒声
④privilege n．特权；特别优待
⑤grill n. (烧食物的)烤架 vt.烧烤；炙烤
⑥catalogue n. 目录；概览； 一览表
⑦distribute vt.分配；分发 →distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态
⑧security n．安全；保护；保障secure adj.安全的；可靠的；有把握的
⑨remote adj.遥远的；偏僻的→remotely adv.遥远地；偏僻地
⑩political adj.政治的；政党的→politics n．政治→politician n．政治家
⑪relevant adj.有关的；切题的→relevance n．中肯；切题→relevantly adv.有关地；切题地→irrelevantly adv.无关地；不切题地
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．They made a generous donation(donate)to charity.
2．The operator is operating the machine according to the operation guidance.(operate)
3．The volunteer (voluntary) said that he was willing to help others.
4．The rich man's property was distributed (distribute)among his sons.
5．He found it really unbelievable that they couldn't discuss politics (political)during that time.
6．If you feel uncomfortable，you can make some adjustments (adjust)．
7．We have made all the arrangements(arrange)for the conference.
8．The ad strongly encourages people to purchase (purchase) the silver coins by making a phone call.
9．They all thanked him for his participation (participate)，which helped win the game.
10．His speech has no relevance(relevant)to the topic.

1．牵手 privilege
①a privilege to do sth./of doing sth.有幸做某事
have the privilege to do/of doing sth.
＝have the right to do sth.有做某事的特权
②privileged adj.享有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的
be privileged to do sth. 做某事是荣幸的
2．operate 多元须知
①operate properly (运转正常)
②operate at once (立刻动手术)
③the medicine operates (药起作用)
④operate a computer (操作电脑)
⑤operate a shop (经营一家商店)
3．与“经济生活”有关的高频单词小结
①distribute vt.分发；分配；分布
②export vt.& vi.出口；输出
③import vt.进口；输入
④invest vt.&.vi.投资
⑤bid vt.出价；投标
⑥compete vi.竞争
4．含词根“viv/vit(生命)”的单词
①vivid adj.生动的
②revive vt.复活
③revival n．复活
④survive v．存活；幸存
⑤survival n．存活；幸存
⑥survivor n．幸存者
5．含－rrow的词一览
①narrow adj.狭窄的
②arrow n．箭头
③borrow v．借
④sorrow n．伤心
⑤sparrow n．麻雀
6．“早先，以前”家族
①former adj.过去的，在前的，以前的；formerly adv.以前，从前
②previous adj.先前的，以前的；previously adv.以前，事先
③one－time adj.一度的，以前的
④before adv.先前，从前
⑤ago adv.以前
⑥ever before以前
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词(副词)
①hear from 接到……的信
②come across 偶然遇到
③participate in 参与……；参加……
④dry out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
⑤dry up (指河流、井等)干涸
⑥get through 完成；穿过
⑦adjust to 调整；适应
2．be＋形容词＋to
①(be) dying to 极想；渴望
②be relevant to...和……有关
3．其他形式
①the other day 不久前的一天
②in need 在困难中；在危急中
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．Besides studying at school，he often participates in some other activities.
2．The other day，when I was walking to town，I saw a strange scene.
3．On my way home yesterday，I came across my former classmate and we had a very good time.
4．During the drought，the river dried up；as a result，many fish died.
5．She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.
6．It’s clear that the young American is dying to learn Chinese from you.
7．My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment’s notice for medical emergencies.
8．I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.

1．get 短语个个清
①get on/along with 进展；融洽相处
②get across 讲清楚；(使)被领会
③get around 四处走动(旅行)；(消息等)传播
④get down to 开始认真(做某事)(to为介词)
⑤get through 通过；完成；接通(电话)
⑥get involved with 参加，参与
2．“参加”词汇个个清
①attend v．出席(会议等)；参加(仪式)等
②join v．加入(组织、团体等)
③join in 加入(某项活动)
④take part in 加入(活动、运动等)
⑤enter v．参加
⑥participate in 参与(活动)
⑦sit for 参加(考试等)
⑧attach oneself to 参与
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.To be honest，I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’lives at all.
说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
doubt whether...“怀疑是否……”。doubt用于肯定句时，后面常用whether引导宾语从句或同位语从句。
诚实地说，我怀疑他们两天内能否完成这项艰巨的任务。
To be honest，I doubt whether they will finish the hard task in two days.
2.We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。
from where we had fantastic views是“介词＋where”引导的定语从句。
那个男孩爬到了那栋建筑物的三楼，从那个地方他可以看得更远。
The boy climbed into the third storey of the building，from where he could look farther into the distance.
3.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
not...but...“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分。
能给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。
It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Helping the Remote Village
A year ago，the famous astronaut received an invitation by airmail from a remote village.1.Intending (intend) to sniff some fresh air，he and his interpreter paid a fortnight visit there.It was a privilege 2.for them to be there，but they were shocked by what they saw.The tracks were muddy.3.The river was drying up.Most villagers only possessed one broom，a few tins and several jars and their rectangular grass huts with round angles 4.were surrounded (surround) by weeds.Besides，their school had no roof and platform，and the students had no concept of clicking a computer at all.They were 5badly (bad) in need.
Soon，the astronaut made a generous voluntary 6.donation (donate) to the village.There were textbooks for students，sewing machines for tailors 7.and tractors for farmers.His 8.distribution (distribute) catalogue also included operating a clinic and a trunk library，as well as giving weekly lessons to teach relevant farming knowledge like 9.how to dry out seeds or raise oxen.He himself not only helped do some paperwork but also purchased grills for boys to toast potatoes and combs for girls who were dying to get one.The other day，he heard from the villagers again inviting him 10.to participate ( participate) in the donation anniversary.For political and security reasons，he couldn't adjust his outgoing arrangement otherwise he would go.But his deeds were remembered forever.


adjust vi.&vt.调整；使适合
(教材原句)The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.
小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。
拓展词：adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
adjustable adj.可调整的
(1)adjust sth. to sth.调整……以适应……
adjust to sth./doing sth.适应于(做)……
adjust oneself to使自己适应于……
(2)make an adjustment/adjustments to...对……作出调整
(1)Life at any time can become difficult or easy.It all depends upon how one adjusts himself to life.
在任何时候，生活是困难还是简单，完全取决于你如何调整自己以适应生活。
(2)语境活用
The desks and chairs are adjustable (adjust)，and you can adjust them to the height of the students.The adjustment (adjust) is not difficult to make.桌椅是可调整的，你可以根据学生的身高进行调整。这种调整并不难。
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)You'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come.That way, you may adjust yourself to the life here in Beijing soon.
participate vi.参加；参与
(教材原句)I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language，even though I could not participate in the conversation.我很喜欢听这家人轻声细语地谈话，尽管我不能参与到他们的谈话中。
拓展词：participant n．参加者；参与者
participation n．参加；参与
participate in参加；参与
participate in(doing)sth.with sb.与某人一起参与(做)某事
participate with sb.in sth.与某人一起分担某事
(1)Encouraged by the teacher，the participants(participate) actively participated in the English speech contest.Their participation(participate) inspired the rest of the class to study hard.
在老师的鼓励下，参与者积极参加英语演讲比赛。他们的参与鼓励了班上其他人努力学习。
(2)单句语法填空
①At the age of eight，he joined(join) a group of child dancers.
②The children joined in the English Evening and had a good time.
③He didn't attend(attend) school yesterday because of his illness.
④Zhou Enlai took part in the student movements actively when he was at school.
⑤You should participate with your friend in his sufferings.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Both teams train for two hours a day and participate in competitions regularly.
privilege n．特别优待；特权；荣幸
v．给予特权
(教材原句)It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.
能与汤比一家度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。
拓展词：privileged adj.荣幸的；享有特权的；特许保密的
(1)have the privilege to do sth./of doing sth.有做某事的特权
It is a privilege(for sb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是个荣幸。
(2)be/feel privileged to do sth.做某事是荣幸的
(1)It's a privilege，not a right to come to this extraordinary place.
来这个特别的地方是一种特权而不是一种权利。
(2)单句语法填空
①He's glad that he has the privilege of having the chance.
②Do you think it a privilege to be chosen?
(3)写作能力提升
We are privileged to have a distinguished guest with us tonight.(用it作形式主语改写)
→It is a privilege for us to have a distinguished guest tonight.
operate vi.工作；运转；给……动手术；起作用
vt.操作；经营
(教材原句)This gift covers the cost of exercise books and textbooks for community primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages.这份礼物包括贫穷或偏远村庄社区小学的练习本和课本的费用。
拓展词：operation n．操作；手术；运转；经营；行动
operate a company/a shop经营一家公司/开商店
operate a machine/a car操作机器/开车
operate on/upon sb.给某人动手术
in operation工作中；使用中；有效
perform an operation做手术
put sth.into operation实施；使运转
come into operation开始工作；开始生效
operating system(计算机)操作系统
(1)The medicine began to operate(operate) at once.
药效立竿见影。
(2)The police have launched a major operation(operate) against drug.警方发起了一场大规模的缉毒行动。
(3)语境活用
His father is operating (operate) a big company，which operates (operate) in several cities，making high profits.In return for society，he donated much money to a patient in need，who was operated (operate) on last year.
他的父亲经营着一家大公司，在几个城市里运营着且盈利很高。作为对社会的回报，他为一位去年动了手术急需帮助的病人捐了一大笔钱。





(be)dying to do sth.渴望做某事
(教材原句)I know you're dying to hear all about my life here，so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，会帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
be dying for sth.渴望/想要某物
long for sth. 渴望某物
long/desire to do sth.渴望做某事

(1)After losing his job，Jack was dying(die) to get a new one.
失业以后，杰克渴望找到一份新工作。
(2)写作能力提升
他渴望回到他的祖国。
①He is dying to return to his motherland.(dying)
②He is anxious to return to his motherland.(anxious)
③He is long to return to his motherland.(long)
④He is eager to return to his motherland.(eager)
⑤He is keen to return to his motherland.(keen)
in need在困难中；在危急中
(教材原句)．..bring hope for a better future to a community in need.……给急需帮助的社区带来改善未来的希望。

(1)in(great)need of(非常)需要
satisfy/meet one's needs满足某人的需要
there is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有
必要做某事
(2)in danger处在危险中
in trouble处于麻烦中
in ruins破败不堪；成为废墟
in vain徒劳
in return作为回报
in turn依次；轮流；反过来
(1)Love is to possess a power which helps those in need.爱是拥有一种能助人于危难的力量。
(2)语境活用
We are collecting money for families in need.To meet their needs (need)，we are still in need of a large sum.But we should do it in a legal way，and there is no need for us to break the law.我们正在为困难的家庭筹钱。为了满足他们的需求，我们仍需要大笔资金。但是我们得合法地去做，并且我们没必要去犯法。
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·浙江卷)I've learned that the English Association of our school is now in need of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school.

　We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。
from where引导的定语从句修饰a ridge.
from where...引导定语从句，可视为where前省略了the place，即这样用的from where 相当于from the place where，意思是“从……的地方，离……的地方”。
(1)在“介词＋关系词”型定语从句中，关系词常为which和whom，关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where和since when。
(2)定语从句中有介词from，且先行词在从句中作from的宾语，引导词可以用which或where。当先行词充当主句的状语时，定语从句的先行词多用where；当先行词是作主句的宾语时，定语从句的先行词多用which。
[要点释疑]
在from which中，which指代的是某个名词或代词；在from where中，where指代的是副词或介词短语。
(1)Even when it's hard to move，take small steps forward.Because every step will lead you farther away from where you were yesterday.即使前路艰难，也要小步前进。因为每一步都能让你比昨天前进一点点。
(2)She climbed up to the top of the hill，from where she could have a good view of the whole town.(where＝on the top of the hill)
她登上山顶，从山顶上她可以一览全镇的风光。
(3)China is the birthplace of kites，from which kite-flying spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India.中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
(4)There is a small wood near our village，from which we can pick many mushrooms.我们村子附近有一个小树林，我们可以从那儿采许多蘑菇。
(5)单句语法填空
①Noise is coming to the point where we can't put up with it.
②He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take something on the desk.
③There are many websites，from which you can find almost all the necessary information.
(6)写作能力提升
①After supper，he usually stood near the window，from where he could see the tower(从那里他能看到塔)，the tallest building in this city.
②We finally found out the library，from which we borrowed many interesting books(从那里我们借了好多有趣的书)．

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Mr.Wang has been staying in the hotel for a fortnight(两星期)．
2．We know a small baby has no concept (概念)of right and wrong.
3．Then there were a lot of children who couldn't go to school in some remote (遥远的)areas.
4．The purposes of the United Nations are to maintain international peace and security (安全)．
5．Sometimes I wonder if my teaching is relevant (有关的)to the future of the students.
6．The quicker you adjust (适应)yourself to the college life，the more progress you will make.
7．He didn't work hard at English otherwise (否则)he wouldn't find it difficult to learn now.
8．The car is too expensive for me，because it is beyond my purchasing (购买)power.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．They used to donate a large sum of money for the Red Cross every year.for→to
2．She went to Japan two years ago，since which I haven't heard from her.which→when
3．It's reported that the local government will put the new law in operation next month.in→into
4．Deeds are better than words when people are in need help.help前加of
5．Yesterday there was a sports meeting in our school with hundreds of students participating.participating后加in
6．It only takes one week for the new students to adjust the new school.adjust后加to
7．It is really a privilege for me to work as a interpreter in the company.第二个a→an
8．The vase was purchased at a high price turned out to be of little value.去掉was或was前加which/that
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
Jo worked at a bush school 1.whose classrooms were made of bamboo and the roofs of grass.There’s no electricity 2.or water there.It took the students about two hours 3.to get (get) to the school.Jo hoped to make some difference to the children’s lives by teaching them.The 4.other day，Jo and Jenny visited Tombe’s home.5.When they arrived at the village，Tombe’s mother who had been working in her garden,6.started (start) crying“ieee ieee”．Tombe’s father led them to his house,7.a low bamboo hut with grass 8.sticking (stick) out of the roof，where he could only see a few tin plates and cups and a couple of 9.pots (pot)．What they ate were sweet potatoes，corn and greens.That night Jo and Jenny slept on a 10.newly (new) made platform.They left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Would you like to donate a unusual gift？The gift you give is not something which your loved one keeps.It is a contribution in the lives of people who really needs it.Choose really useful gift for some of the world’s poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in the need.This gift will train a whole village in new agriculture methods and provide seeds and simple agricultural equipments.Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sick and health，between families go hungry and families providing for themselves.
答案：
Would you like to donate unusual gift？The gift you give is not something which 　your loved one keeps.It is a contribution the lives of people who really it.Choose really useful gift for some of the world’s poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in the need.This gift will train a whole village in new methods and provide seeds and simple agricultural .Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between and health，between families hungry and families providing for themselves.
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．李华作为一名志愿者教师，工作在一个偏远的山村。
2．李华已适应那里的工作。
3．他总是盼望他的朋友和父母的来信。
4．他希望他的朋友为那些需要帮助的人捐款。
5．李华的事迹对他的朋友影响很大。
6．到目前为止，很多人自愿参加到志愿者的工作中。
As a voluntary teacher，Li Hua works at a remote mountainous village.Though he has been there for a short time，he has adapted to the life.He is always dying to hear from his parents and friends，for he hopes his friends donate money to those in need.His deeds and efforts have made a great difference to his friends，and up to now，many people have participated in the work.