2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book7　Unit2　Fitforlife


Book 7　Unit 2　Fit for life
晨读暮诵　单元话题——个人情况

1．achieve v．实现
2．motivate v．激发，推动
3．patient adj.有耐心的
4．intelligent adj.聪明的
5.curious adj.好奇的
6．confident adj.有信心的；自信的
7．determined adj.坚决的；有决心的
8．generous adj.慷慨的
9．humorous adj.幽默的
10．outgoing adj.开朗的
11．apply for申请
12．feel proud of 为……感到自豪
13．be absorbed in全神贯注于
14．be enthusiastic about对……热心
15．dream of梦想……
16．come true实现
17．graduate from毕业于
18．be good at/do well in擅长
19．be responsible for对……负责
20．be qualified for适合；胜任……

1．I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in China Daily of April 2nd.
我写这封信的目的是申请你刊登在4月2日《中国日报》上的那个工作岗位。
2．As for my personality，I think I'm very honest and have a strong sense of responsibility.
性格方面，我觉得自己是一个坦诚和富有责任心的人。
3．He seems never feel tired of doing whatever he can to help others, which may be what makes him so popular among all of us.
能为别人做点什么就做点什么，他似乎从不厌倦，这或许是他受我们所有人欢迎的原因。
4．I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。

(2018·高考北京卷)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1．表示欢迎；
2．推荐他上哪所大学；
3．建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：1.词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear_Jim，
I am very happy to know that you are interested in Chinese culture and plan to come here for college next year.About which university to study in, I strongly recommend Beijing University to you because it is well known for its Department of Chinese.The knowledgeable teachers there could help you learn more about Chinese cultures.Before you attend the university, reading several Chinese classics is beneficial.The Analects of Confucius and Dream of the Red Chamber are both fantastic choices.Besides, you'd better come to China and stay here for several days ahead of the enrollment date to get used to the climate here.
I hope my suggestions could help.Write to me if there is any other problem.I'm looking forward to seeing you in China.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li_Hua


[高频词汇]
1．________(adj.) 有益的，有用的
2．________(vt.) 拥有，具有
3．________ (adj.)对……极重要，必不可少的
4．________(n.) 可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能；(adj.) 潜在的，可能的
5．________(vi.& vt.) 循环；传播，散布；传递，传阅
6．________(adj.) 不正常的，反常的
7．________(vt.) 使十分惊讶，使吃惊
8．________(adj.) 有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的
9．________ (vt.& vi.)(使)加速，加快
10．________(adj.) 合理的，有理由的；公道的；明智的
11．________(n.) 结果，后果
12．________(vi.& vt.) 鼓掌；称赞，赞许
13．________(n.) 排列，布置；安排；约定，协议
14．________ (adj.)上瘾；入迷
15．________(vi.) 定期订购或订阅
【答案】1.beneficial　2.possess　3.vital　4.potential
5．circulate　6.abnormal　7.astonish　8.effective　9.accelerate
10．reasonable　11.outcome　12.applaud　13.arrangement
14．addicted　15.subscribe
[派生词汇]
1．________(n.) 应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷→________(v.) 申请，应用→________(n.) 申请人
2．________(adj.) 锋利的；急剧的；灵敏的；尖锐的，严厉的→________(vt.) (使)变锋利，(使)变尖锐
3．________(adj.) 上瘾；入迷→________(n.) 吸毒成瘾的人，对……入迷的人→________(n.) 瘾；嗜好→________(adj.) 使人上瘾的
4．________(vi.& vt.) 联系，把……联系起来；叙述，讲述→________(adj.) 有关的，相关的→________(n.) 联系
5．________(n.) 批准，通过；赞成，同意→________(vt.& vi.)批准，通过，赞成，同意→________(v.) 不赞成，不同意
[词缀归纳]
unable是由“否定前缀un­＋able”构成的形容词。常见含un­前缀的高频单词有：unimportant (adj.)不重要的；unlucky/unfortunate (adj.)不走运的，不幸的；unpleasant (adj.)令人不愉快的；unexpectedly (adv.)没有预料到地；undoubtedly (adv.)毫无疑问地。
【答案】1.application；apply；applicant　2.sharp；sharpen
3．addicted；addict；addiction；addictive　4.relate；
related；relation　5.approval；approve；disapprove
[语境活用]
1．It was impossible to predict the o________ of the election.
2．What brought about this a________ change in me?
3．Poor educational performance is r________ to emotional disturbance.
4．We are aware of the p________ problems and have taken every precaution.
5．My main reason for s________ to New Scientist is to keep in touch with advances in science.
6．The improvement in sales figures had a b________ influence on the company as a whole.
7．We need parental a________ before allowing students to go on field trips.
8．To ________ for the good job, the ________ was filling in his ________ form carefully.(apply)
9．The drug is so ________ that he is ________ to it.Therefore, it's hard for him to get rid of the ________ to it.(addict)
10．“In order to make a pencil ________， you need to ________ it.” Mother told her son gently not ________.(sharp)
【答案】1.outcome　2.astonishing　3.related　4.potential
5．subscribing　6.beneficial　7.approval　8.apply；
applicant; application　9.addictive; addicted; addiction　10.sharp; sharpen; sharply

1．focus ________　　　　　　　　　集中于
2．carry ________ 执行，实施
3．pick ________ 挑选，挑出
4．look out ________ 当心；留心，寻觅
5．try ________ 测试，试验；参加选拔
6．wear sb.________ 使筋疲力尽；使厌烦
7．be cautious ________ 对……小心谨慎
8．let ________ 放出，发出
9．swell ________ 肿胀，膨胀
10．subscribe ________ 同意，赞成
11．fade ________ 逐渐消失
12．________ favour of 支持；赞同
13．due ________ 由于，因为
14．be connected ________… 和……有联系
15．be addicted ________ 对……上瘾
16．block…________… 阻止
【答案】1.on　2.out　3.out　4.for　5.out　6.out
7．about　8.out　9.up　10.to　11.away　12.in　13.to　14.with　15.to　16.from
[语境活用]
1．He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry ________ the secret task.
2．Tom had a fall and his under lip began to swell ________.
3．The method seems good but it needs to be tried ________.
4．Here are some novels. You can pick ________ those you want.
5．Attendence at the meeting was small, partly due _______ the absence of teachers.
6．The teacher asked us to subscribe ________ a magazine to improve our reading ability.
7．In class you should focus ________ what the teacher is lecturing on.
8．Naturally, as they became more popular, Blockbuster started to fade ________.
【答案】1.out　2.up　3.out　4.out　5.to　6.to　7.on　8.away

1. [原句]　Have you ever seen a doctor? If so, what happened?
[点拨]　if so “如果是这样的话”，是省略结构。
[仿写]　你应该好好学习，如果这样，你就能考试及格。
You should study hard.____________， you can pass the exam.
2. [原句]　If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world，it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.
[点拨]　句中it is likely that…为固定句型，意为“很可能……”。
[仿写]　我想他很可能明天到达。
I think ____________ he will arrive tomorrow.
3. [原句]　Some acupuncturists insert needles at or near the body part affected by the disease，while others select points according to the symptoms that the patient has.
[点拨]　本句是一个并列句，while是并列连词，意为“然而”，表示前后两种情况的对比。
[仿写]　我喝清咖啡，而他喜欢加奶油的。
I drink black coffee ________ he prefers it with cream.
4．[原句]　Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.
[点拨]　句中Not only…but also连接两个句子， not only 置于句首表示强调，这时第一个分句要采用倒装结构。
[仿写]　他不仅有着头等聪明的脑子，而且工作很能吃苦。
__________________ he have a first­class brain __________________ he is a tremendously hard worker.
5．[原句]　Today acupuncture has become popular round the world, as have other traditional Chinese medicines.
[点拨]　本句中as引导的是倒装句式，意为“一样也”。as可用于句型“as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，相当于“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”。
[仿写]　我会游泳，他也会游泳。
I can swim, ________ can he.
【答案】1.If so　2.it is likely that　3.while
4．Not only does；but also　5.so/as

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．possess vt.拥有，具有
(1)be possessed of　　　　具有(某种品质、能力等)
be possessed by 为……所支配
(2)possession n. [常用复数]所有物；财产[U]具有；拥有
take possession of 占有，拥有；占领
in possession of sth. 占有(或拥有)某物
(3)in the possession of sb. 为某人所有
①Happiness is not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess.
幸福不是期望得到我们所没有的，而是享受我们所拥有的。
②Up on the mountain, my most valuable ____________ were my relationships with my neighbors.
在这座山上，我最珍贵的财产是我和邻居们的关系。
③Their opponents were ________ possession of the ball for most of the match.
在比赛的多数时间里是对手在控球。
【答案】②possessions　③in
[温馨提示]　in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占有……”；in the possession of表示被动，其主语通常是物，意为“……被占有”。
2．vital adj.对……极重要的，必不可少的
be vital for/to sth.　　　　对……极为重要
It is vital that… ……是极重要的
①Enough sleep is vital for/to the students' well­being and health.
充足的睡眠对学生的身心健康是非常重要的。
②It is vital ________ every country (should) keep good relationship with neighbouring countries.
任何一个国家保持睦邻友好关系是十分重要的。
【答案】②that
[温馨提示]　在句型“It is vital that…”中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

(2018·高考江苏卷，阅读理解D)It's vital that new compulsory age­appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.
[翻译]　重要的是，在英国，新的适龄的义务关系和性教育课程应该帮助孩子们适应社会媒体日益增长的需求。
3．potential n．可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能adj.潜在的，可能的
(1)have the potential to do sth.　有做某事的潜力
potential for (doing) sth. (做某事)的潜能
achieve/realize one's (full) potential (充分)发挥潜力
(2)a potential disaster 可能发生的灾害
①The potential for abuse in such a system is enormous.
在这样的体制下，滥用职权的可能性极大。
②It's important to draw out a child's ____________ capacities.
发掘孩子的潜在能力是很重要的。
【答案】②potential
[温馨提示]　potential作形容词时仅用于名词前。

(2018·高考北京卷，阅读理解D)But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
[翻译]　但是，无论需要多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和城市，至于结果的好坏，这取决于转型的监管方式。
4．astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊
(1)It astonishes sb.that…令某人感到吃惊的是……
What astonishes sb.is… 使某人吃惊的是……
(2)astonished adj. 吃惊的(多修饰人)
be astonished at/by… 对……感到惊讶
be astonished to do… 做……感到惊讶
(3)astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的(多修饰物)
(4)astonishment n. 惊讶，吃惊
to one's astonishment 让某人感到惊讶的是
in astonishment 惊讶地
①Podell was astonished at the strong response.
伯德尔对这强烈的反应感到很惊讶。
②Here is an ____________ and significant fact: Mental work alone can't make us tired.
这是一个惊人的、重要的事实：单就脑力劳动不会使我们感到疲惫。
【答案】②astonishing
[温馨提示]　astonished(adj.)“感到惊讶的”，一般指人对事物或人的反应；astonishing adj.“令人惊讶的”，一般指事物本身令人惊讶。
[巧学助记]
To my astonishment，they seemed astonished at the astonishing news，and looked at me in astonishment.
令我吃惊的是，他们对这个令人惊讶的消息似乎很吃惊，并惊讶地望着我。

(2017·高考江苏卷，阅读理解D)Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
[翻译]人类将继续以普通而又惊人的方式来适应不断变化的气候。
5．addicted adj.上瘾；入迷
(1)be/get/become addicted to…　对……上瘾
(2)addict vt. 使沉溺；使上瘾
n. 入迷的人；有瘾的人
addict oneself to 沉溺于……；醉心于……
(3)addiction n. 上瘾；沉溺；入迷
have addiction to 对……上瘾；有……癖好
(4)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
①Reading is addictive，as the same people who are smokers or alcohol.
读书是有瘾的，正如人有烟瘾或酒瘾一样。
②Teenagers who are addicted ________ the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression.
有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。
③He was addicting himself ________ the violin and didn't find someone walk into his house.
他正醉心于拉小提琴，甚至没有注意到有人进屋。
【答案】②to　③to playing
[温馨提示]　与addicted/addiction连用的to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
[语境助记]
As you know, Tom used to be an addict because he was addicted to video games for many years.Fortunately, he made great efforts to get rid of his addiction last year.
正如你所知道的那样，汤姆曾经是一个电子游戏迷，因为他对电子游戏入迷很多年了。幸运的是，去年他付出了巨大的努力来摆脱他的游戏瘾。
6．relate vt.& vi.联系，把……联系起来vt.叙述，讲述
(1)relate…to/with…　把……与……联系起来
relate sth.to sb. 向某人讲述……
relate to… 涉及，与……相关
(2)related adj. 有关系的，相关的；亲戚的
be related to 与……有关/联系/血缘关系
①The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.
第三方面涉及所有部门的工作标准的建立。
②Health problems are closely related ________ bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
【答案】②to
7．try out测试，试验；参加选拔
try out for　　　　　参加……选拔(或试演)
try for 试图获得，力争赢得
try on 试穿
①It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team.
这件事始于当一位老师建议我参加篮球队员的选拔的时候。
②They're trying ________ a new presenter for the show.
他们正在为这个节目试用一位新的主持人。
③The clerk held out a dress for Martha to try ________.
店员拿出一条连衣裙给玛莎试穿。
【答案】②out　③on

(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ，书面表达)因此，在上课前，你可以阅读一些与唐代历史相关的书籍来更好地欣赏诗歌。
[翻译]　Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems.
8．let out放出，释放；发出(声音)；放大(衣服)；泄露
let go　　　　　　　　放开；释放
let down 使失望；放下
let alone 更不用说，更别提；不打扰
①When someone has deeply hurt you，it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.
当有人深深伤害了你时，你会很难摆脱仇恨。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中let out的含义。
②He let out a long sigh, mainly of relief, partly of sadness.________
③The waist in the pants needs to be let out.________
④Jane let out where she had hidden her father's birthday present.________
⑤If the bird is let out of its cage, it will certainly fly away.________
【答案】②发出　③放大　④泄露　⑤放出
[语境助记]
Suddenly the man let go of the fierce dog, which made us let out a scream.People are often advised not to let their dog out of their houses or the cages, let alone allowing the fierce dogs to run around.
那个人突然放开了那只凶猛的狗，这使我们发出一声尖叫。人们常常被建议让狗待在家里或笼子里，更别说让这些凶猛的狗到处乱跑。
9．subscribe to同意，赞成；订阅；捐赠
[一词多义]
写出下列句中subscribe to的含义。
①If you subscribe to the newspaper, it'll be delivered to your door.________
②Rich and generous, he subscribed two million dollars to the Red Cross.________
【答案】①订阅　②捐赠
[巧学助记]
We applied to subscribe to some useful magazines for our work. The department manager subscribed to it and subscribed her name to the application form.
我们申请订阅几本对我们的工作有益的杂志。部门经理同意了这一请求，并在申请表上签上了她的名字。
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When the man came in，gun in hand，we all stood there，________(astonish)．
2．Some students，who are addicted ________(play) the computer games，do not go to school at all.
3．Due to reliable quality and ________ (reason) price, our products have been highly favoured by the majority of customers.
4．My friend，Bob，takes possession of most of the company's shares，and the rest are in ________ possession of other workers.
5．It is vital that schools ________ (teach) students to use computer technology.
6．The matter ________ (relate) to your fate can't be taken for granted.You have to think it over seriously.
7．—Is there any possibility of the film ________ (try) out in Paris International Festival?
—Not in the least，because the audience generally think little of it.
8．A huge number of magazines in foreign languages ________ (subscribe) to up to now，not to mention those in Chinese.
9. ________ (wear)out after a long walk，Henry called and said he couldn't come.
10．John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to let ________ all his trousers to his measure.
【答案】1.astonished　2.to playing　3.reasonable　4.the　5.(should) teach　6.related　7.being tried　8.have been subscribed　9.Worn　10.out
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．She didn't approve of her daughter go out at night.
_____________________________________________________________
2．I hope your experience working in the countryside will be beneficial for you.
_____________________________________________________________
3．It is vital that every student studying hard at school.
_____________________________________________________________
4．We should thank those who bleed for the revolution.
_____________________________________________________________
5．After his uncle died，Jack was in the possession of all the belongings.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.go→going　2.for→to　3.studying→study　
4．bleed→bled　5.去掉第一个the
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．Have you ever seen a doctor？If_so，what happened?
你曾经看过医生吗？如果看过的话，发生了什么事？
if so是省略结构，意为“如果这样的话”。
常见的含if的省略结构：
if necessary　　　如有必要
if possible 如有可能
if not 如果不是这样的话
if so 如果这样/那样的话
if any 如果真有的话
if ever 若曾经有的话
①I'll stay up all night，if necessary，to get it finished.
如果有必要，我会熬个通宵把这事做完。
②Is everybody feeling cold？____________，let's open the windows.
大家感到冷吗？如果不冷，我们把窗户打开吧。
③If possible，I'd like to have an English class at night.
如果可能的话，我晚上想去参加一个英语班。
【答案】②If not
2．Some acupuncturists insert needles at or near the body part affected by the disease，while others select points according to the symptoms that the patient has.
一些针灸医师在疾病感染的身体患病处或在患病处附近扎针，而另外一些则根据病人的病症选择扎针的位置。
本句是一个并列句，while是并列连词，意为“然而”，表示前后两种情况的对比。while还有以下用法：
(1)while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管”
(2)while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”
(3)while引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”
①Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that's just the reality of how life is.
一些人出生在富贵家庭，而另一些人天生智力好，生活就是这样。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中while的含义。
②Tom enjoys singing pop songs while Mary enjoys folk songs.________
③While I admit his good points，I can see his shortcomings.________
④While the discussion was still going on，George came in.________
⑤You don't have to worry while we are here.________
【答案】②然而　③尽管　④当……的时候　⑤只要
[温馨提示]　while引导状语从句时，如主从句的主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句谓语中又含有be动词，则从句主语和be动词可以一起省略。

(2018·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解C)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.
[分析]　句中that引导表语从句，while表示转折，意为“然而”。
[翻译]　一般的规则是，温和地带的语言相对较少，通常说的人很多，而炎热潮湿地带有很多语言，通常说的人很少。
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．Although we are not rich, we are still willing to offer a hand to whoever is in trouble.
→________ we are not rich, we are still willing to offer a hand to whoever is in trouble.
2．It is likely that physically active children become active and healthy adults.
→Physically active children ________________________ active and healthy adults.
3．Teachers must explain things clearly.If they don't explain things clearly, students will have problems.
→Teachers must explain things clearly.____________，students will have problems.
【答案】1.While　2.are likely to become　3.If not
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。
1．一种对心脏病有效的新药被发明了。(beneficial)
2．这种药一天吃三次，一次两片。(take)
3．如果需要也可多吃一到两片。(if needed)
4．如果你吃后感觉不舒服，请立刻停药。(after taking)
5．为了安全起见，最好在吃前谨遵医嘱。(it's better to do)
【参考范文】
A new kind of medicine has been invented，which is beneficial to heart attack.It should be taken three times a day and two tablets once.You can also take one or two more tablets if needed.But if you are not feeling well after taking the medicine，you should stop taking it at once.For your safety，it's better to follow the doctor's advice before taking it.


[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
You've heard the expression，“What you see is what you get.”My grandfather used to say，“If you looked at a tree long enough，it will move.” We see what we want to see.Psychologists tell us that nothing controls our lives more than our self­image.We live like the person we see in the mirror.We are what we think we are.If you don't think you'll be successful，you won't.You can't be it if you can't see it.Your life is limited to your vision.If you want to change your life，you must change your vision of your life.
Arnold Schwarzenegger was not that famous in 1976 when he met with a newspaper reporter.The reporter asked Schwarzenegger，“Now that you've retired from bodybuilding，what do you plan to do next？” Schwarzenegger answered very calmly and confidently，“I'm going to be the best movie star in Hollywood.” The reporter was shocked and amused at Schwarzenegger's plan.At that time，it was very hard to imagine how this muscle­bound bodybuilder，who was not a professional actor and who spoke poor English with a strong Austrian accent，could ever hope to be Hollywood's best movie star!
So the reporter asked Schwarzenegger how he planned to make his dream come true，Schwarzenegger said，“I'll do it the same way I became the best bodybuilder in the world.What I do is to create a vision of whom I want to be；then I start living like that person in my mind as if it were already true.” Sounds almost childishly simple，doesn't it? But it worked！Schwarzenegger did become the highest paid movie star in Hollywood！Remember: “If you can see it，you can be it.”
A successful businessman I know wears a shirt with these words on it: “Don't just dream your dreams.Chase them down and tackle them！” You only get one life to live，so why not live the best life possible? So you can be fully satisfied with what you see and get.Just think for a minute!
1. What do you need to create a new life?
A．To be a bodybuilder.
B．To dream a beautiful dream.
C．To create a new vision.
D．To meet with a reporter.
2．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Think for a minute to be successful.
B．Where there is a will，there is a way.
C．Want to succeed? Just begin to dream!
D．Whoever has the best dream will succeed.
3．When having an interview，the journalist's attitude to Schwarzenegger's wish is________.
A．suspicious　　　　　　　
B．objective
C．positive
D．subjective
4．In the last paragraph，the author wants to tell us________.　
A．not to be strict with ourselves，and enjoy our lives at present
B．not to have a dream only，but try to catch it
C．not to waste our time because it is limited
D．not to learn from others but do what you like
【答案与解析】
1．C　细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句“If you want to change your life，you must change your vision of your life.”可知答案为C。
2．B　主旨大意题。文章通过施瓦辛格的例子证明了“有志者事竟成”的道理。
3．A　推理判断题。由第二段的“The reporter was shocked and amused at Schwarzenegger's plan.”可知记者对施瓦辛格的愿望持怀疑的态度。
4．B　推理判断题。通过最后一段第一句可知答案为B。
B
If you'd like to go sightseeing，the following World Heritage Sites may be your best choices.
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
The Jiuzhaigou Valley，which lies in the northern part of Sichuan Province，reaches a height of more than 4,800 meters，with a series of different forest ecosystems(生态系统)．There you can enjoy watching excellent waterfalls.Some 140 kinds of birds also live in the valley，as well as a number of endangered plants and animals，including the giant panda.For more information，please visit http：//whc.unesco.org/en/list/637.
Khami Ruins National Monument
The city of Khami，which developed after the capital of Great Zimbabwe had been given up in the mid­16th century，is of great archaeological(考古的) interest.The discovery of objects from Europe and China shows that Khami was a major centre for trade over a long period of time.For more information，please visit http：//whc.unesco.org/en/list/365.
Henderson Island
Henderson Island，which lies in the eastern South Pacific，is one of the few atolls(环礁) in the world whose ecology has not been touched by human beings. It is especially famous for the ten plants and four land birds that can only be seen on the island.For more information，please visit http：//whc.unesco.org/en/list/487.
The old City of Jerusalem(耶路撒冷)
As a holy city for three different religions in the Middle East，Jerusalem has always been of great religious importance.It was given a World Heritage status in 1981 and placed on the “List of World Heritage in Danger”the following year.For more information，please visit http：//whc.unesco.org/en/list/148.
5．What can we know about the Jiuzhaigou Valley?
A．It sits at the foot of a 4,800­meter­high mountain.
B．It has different forest ecosystems.
C．Few of China's endangered plants can be found there.
D．In all about 140 kinds of birds and animals live there.
6．The discovery of some of the objects in Khami shows that the city ________.
A．had a very short history
B．was ruined in the mid­16th century
C．was once Great Zimbabwe's largest city
D．once played a great role as a trade centre
7．From the passage we can learn that Henderson Island________.
A．hasn't been greatly influenced by human activities
B．isn't suitable for humans to live on
C．has been open to visitors for years
D．is made up of a few large atolls
8．If you are interested in religion，you should visit________.
A．http：//whc.unesco.org/en/list/148
B．http：//whc.unesco.org/en/list/365
C．http：//whc.unesco.org/en/list/487
D．http：//whc.unesco.org/en/list/637
【答案与解析】
5．B　细节理解题。由文章第二段“Some 140 kinds of birds also live in the valley”可知D项错误；根据“reaches a height of more than 4,800 meters”可知A项错误；根据“a number of endangered plants and animals”可知C项错误；根据“a series of different forest ecosystems”可知B项正确。
6．D　细节理解题。由第三段“was a major centre for trade over a long period of time”可知D项正确。
7．A　推理判断题。由第四段“in the world whose ecology has not been touched by human beings”可知，亨德森岛还没有受到人类影响。
8．A　细节理解题。由第五段“As a holy city for three different religions in the Middle East”可知Jerusalem是一个宗教城市，故选A。
C
(2018·安徽省六校教育研究会第二次联考)Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them, and they'll probably take you back to their grandmothers' dining rooms—maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best ever steak”．But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days.According to the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.
There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular.In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just don't seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.
And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook.Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it's far too late to start thinking about heating the oven(烤箱) up.
However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”
The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it.The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends.“For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”
9．Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast?
A．They have a busy lifestyle.
B．They have no interest in cooking.
C．They don't think it worthwhile.
D．They are living in the modern society.
10．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．A recent article.
B．A traditional kitchen.
C．The fine old tradition.
D．Sunday morning activity.
11．How does the author feel towards Sunday roast's dying out?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Sorry. D．Uncertain.
【答案与解析】
9．A　推理判断题。由第二段的整体理解可知，在这个忙碌的现代社会里，人们似乎没有时间和耐心烤肉了，由此可推知，忙碌的生活方式是导致周末烤肉大餐逐渐消失的原因，故选A。
10．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，周日烤肉有助于人们在厨房里放松，餐桌成为了亲朋好友分享美食以及聊天的好地方。由此可知，吃大餐只是周日烤肉的一部分，周日烤肉还可以让人们放松、交流等，故it指的是周日烤肉这个老传统，故选C。
11．C　观点态度题。根据本文对周日烤肉传统的介绍，尤其是最后一段的叙述可知，该传统活动是一项有利于家人交流共处的好机会。所以，对于这项传统的逐渐消失，作者深表遗憾。故选C。
D
(2018·安徽六安第一中学月考)George Aldrich，whose official title is chemical specialist，works at NASA's White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico.He uses his nose to protect astronauts from unpleasant or harmful odors(气味)．His near four­decade career has involved smelling objects from technical handbooks to astronauts' personal things.
It's crucial that all items taken aboard the International Space Station (ISS) are odorless.Since astronauts are allowed to bring personal items aboard，all their objects must be smell­checked before leaving Earth.In a video provided by Science Channel，Aldrich relates one specific occasion when an astronaut wanted to build a ship in a bottle in space.Everything in the ship­building process had to be sniffed—right down to the glue.
Aldrich and his team are responsible for making sure that objects are not only odorless but also harmless to astronauts.When the ISS heats up，a process called off­gassing occurs，which means chemicals flow out from certain substances(物质)．Objects that would be safe on Earth could give off unpleasant odors or become dangerous when exposed to high temperatures in the ISS's unique environment.
Of course，humans aren't the only testers or the first to be exposed to potentially dangerous objects.Before Aldrich sticks his nose into a substance，it has been examined by machines.Even though machines can detect unsafe substances，computers cannot tell exactly how things smell to humans.While something could be technically fine，it could be smelly to an astronaut.
Aldrich's nose is not alone there.He is the head of a hard­sniffing team of smell testers.Together they smell each object and rate it on a scale(等级) of 1 to 4.According to NASA,1 cannot be detected，and 4 is considered not bearable.After the scientists conclude their tests，the scores are averaged.If an item is rated more than 2.4 on the scale，it fails the test and is not allowed on the flight.
12．Which can describe the smell check from Paragraph 2?
A．Quite dangerous.
B．Extremely strict.
C．Rather boring.
D．Very complex.
13．What is a threat to astronauts' safety at the ISS?
A．Negative emotions.
B．Odor­related disease.
C．The off­gassing process.
D．Changes in temperature.
14．What should be done before Aldrich and his team start their work?
A．Using machines to test objects.
B．Having a meeting to make the scale.
C．Using computers to examine their noses.
D．Listing potentially dangerous substances.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．An unusual smell tester.
B．Astronauts' life at the ISS.
C．Strong odors in a spaceship.
D．The smell of personal items.
【答案与解析】
12．B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，宇航员离开地球前所携带的东西必须经过嗅觉检查，空间站的物品也必须是无味的，由此可推知嗅觉检查是非常严格的。故选B。
13．C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，当国际空间站温度升高，一种叫排气的过程发生了，化学成分会从某些物质中散发出来，在地球上安全的物体在国际空间站独特的高温环境下会发出难闻的气味或变得危险，这些对宇航员是一种威胁。故选C。
14．A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中第一句可知，人类并不是唯一有可能接触到潜在危险物体的测试者，Aldrich在用鼻子闻之前已经用机器测试了物体。故选A。
15．A　主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文讲述了一位化学专家George Aldrich用他的鼻子来保护宇航员免受不良或有害气味的伤害。这是一个非同寻常的气味测试仪。结合选项，故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding.　1　
The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers，magazines，or anything else.　2　Such materials may increase our store of information，but they cannot improve our understanding.And clearly we don't have any difficulty in gaining the new information，for our understanding was equal to them before we started.Otherwise，we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.
The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand.Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader.The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader's understanding.　3　Otherwise one person could never learn from another.Here “learning”means understanding more，not remembering more information.
What are the conditions in this kind of reading？First，there is inequality in understanding.　4　Besides，his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack.Second，the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree.And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer.If the equality is approached，success of communication is achieved.
　5　It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort.Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to.In fact，any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.
A．The writer should have a better communicating skill.
B．Such communication between unequals must be possible.
C．We can get access to the content of those materials easily.
D．The writer must be “superior”to the reader in understanding.
E．Thus，we can employ the word “reading”in two distinct senses.
F．Reading for entertainment is capable of increasing our understanding for information.
G．Besides gaining information and understanding，there's another goal of reading—entertainment.
【答案】1～5　ECBDG
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2018·山西大同一中月考)A woman professor walked around in a classroom while she was teaching stress management to her students.As she __1__ a glass of water，everyone __2__ they would be asked the “half­empty or half­full” question.
__3__，with a smile on her face，she asked，“How __4__ is this glass of water？”
Answers called out __5__ from eight to twenty ounces(盎司)．
She quieted the students down and then replied，“The absolute weight doesn't __6__.It all depends on how long I hold it.If I hold it for a minute，it's not a __7__.If I hold it for an hour，I'll have an ache in my __8__.If I hold it for a day，my arm will feel __9__ and paralyzed.In each case，the __10__ of the glass of water doesn't change，but the longer I hold it，the heavier it becomes.Do you know why？”
All the students kept silent and listened carefully，lost in thought.
She continued，“Our __11__ and worries in life are like that glass of water.Think about them for a while and __12__ happens.Think about them a bit longer and they begin to __13__.And if you think about them all day long，you will feel paralyzed—__14__ to do anything.”
It's important to remember to __15__ your stresses.As early in the evening as possible，put all your __16__ down.Don't carry them through the evening and into the night.Remember to put the glass down!
More often than not life gets terrible __17__ we think too much.And the moment you remove your burden，you'll find yourself feeling so much more __18__.
So rather than moping around(闲逛) and feeling sorry for yourself，__19__ doing something about it.After all，life is too short to __20__ yourself to anything that's not making you happy.
1．A.drank　 B．served
C．raised　 D．demanded
2．A.argued　 B．wondered
C．expected　 D．agreed
3．A.Meanwhile　 B．Therefore
C．Anyhow　 D．Instead
4．A.much　 B．full
C．little　 D．heavy
5．A.ranged　 B．replied
C．read　 D．remained
6．A.affect　 B．drop
C．matter　 D．work
7．A.success　 B．point
C．skill　 D．problem
8．A.hand　 B．arm
C．neck　 D．back
9．A.steady　 B．sensitive
C．nervous　 D．numb
10．A.weight　 B．shape
C．function　 D．size
11．A.surprises　 B．joys
C．stresses　 D．doubts
12．A.everything　 B．nothing
C．anything　 D．something
13．A.improve　 B．hurt
C．change　 D．adjust
14．A.uncertain　 B．afraid
C．unable　 D．available
15．A.catch up with　 B．take charge of
C．put up with　 D．let go of
16．A.burden　 B．thoughts
C．hardships　 D．feelings
17．A.when　 B．till
C．unless　 D．though
18．A.excited　 B．worried
C．satisfied　 D．relaxed
19．A.keep　 B．finish
C．start　 D．risk
20．A.help　 B．commit
C．throw　 D．abandon
【答案与解析】
1．C　教授在给学生上课，为了让学生看清楚，应是“举起”一杯水。故选C。drink喝；serve服务；raise抬高；demand要求。
2．C　教授举起一杯水，接下来应该是要问学生问题，所以每个人都期望教授问的问题是杯子是半空的还是半满的。故选C。argue争论；wonder好奇；expect期望；agree同意。
3．D　前面说到学生们本来以为老师会问的问题是这杯子是半空还是半满的，结果教师问了另一个问题。故选D。meanwhile与此同时；therefore因此；anyhow不管怎样；instead相反。
4．D　根据下面学生的回答和下文中的weight可知，此处问的是重量。故选D。
5．A　句意：答案范围从8到20盎司。range from…to…从……到……变化。故选A。range范围是；reply回复；read阅读；remain保留。
6．C　句意：要看你拿杯子的时间，它的绝对重量并不重要。故选C。affect影响；drop 掉下；matter要紧；work工作。
7．D　根据常识判断，很短时间内举杯子不会累，没有问题(problem)。故选D。
8．B　句意：如果拿杯子一小时，胳膊当然就会疼。故选B。
9．D　句意：拿杯子时间太久，胳膊就会麻木，失去知觉。故选D。steady平稳的；sensitive敏感的；nervous紧张的；numb麻木的。
10．A　句意：在每一种情况下，这杯水的重量没有改变。故选A。weight重量；shape形状；function功能；size尺寸。
11．C　由下面的worries可知，此处应该填与worries类似的表示不好方面的名词。文章开头也提到了“stress management”，故选C。surprise惊奇；joy开心；stress压力；doubt怀疑。
12．B　句意：只担忧一会儿，没什么。故选B。
13．B　考虑时间越久，压力和担忧就越是令人受伤。故选B。improve提高；hurt 伤害，疼痛；change改变；adjust 调整。
14．C　句意：如果你一整天都在担忧、承受压力，它们就会影响你无法做任何事情。unable to do sth.无法做某事。故选C。
15．D　根据“Remember to put the glass down！”得知这里建议你释放压力。故选D。catch up with追上；take charge of负责；put up with忍受；let go of释放。
16．A　此处表示建议不要让负担过夜，要把你所有的负担都放下。故选A。burden负担；thought想法；hardship困难；feeling感觉。
17．A　这里是说在我们想得太多时，生活才变得可怕。when引导时间状语从句，故选A。
18．D　根据常识可知卸掉负担，感觉会放轻松。故选D。excited兴奋的；worried担心的；satisfied满意的；relaxed 轻松的。
19．C　闲逛和为自己感到难过都是止步不前的表现，要开始做些事情。故选C。keep保持；finish完成；start开始；risk冒险。
20．D　固定短语abandon oneself to“沉溺于，使自己陷入”。建议我们不要沉溺于不开心的事情。故选D。help帮助；commit犯(罪等)；throw扔掉；abandon抛弃。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A 14­year­old Chinese boy overcame two of humankind's most dreaded fears—getting stuck in an elevator and getting homework 1.________(do) in a single night, owing to his calm­witted character.
Sun Yixiao was on his way up on Tuesday evening after school 2.________ the lift suddenly came to a stop. A moment of panic followed before the 3.________(teenage) could find a way out.
Sun said he tried to open the elevator door, 4.________(press) all the buttons in the hope to get the elevator to work again, but it didn't work.
Without a cell phone at hand, Sun tried yelling to get attention of people outside, but no one responded as time passed by. He slipped a note through the door 5.________the message “people stuck inside, please ask the property management for help，” and hoped someone 6.________(pick) it up and act on it.
After exhausting all his options without knowing how long 7.________would take before someone found him, he took out his textbooks and started to do his homework 8.________ (patient)．
Soon after he finished his duties, Sun heard loud 9.________(voice) outside. A large crowd including his teachers and his parents had come to the rescue, by which time he 10.________(trap) in the elevator for over five hours.
【答案】1.done　2.when　3.teenager　4.pressing　5.with
6．would/could pick　7.it　8.patiently　9.voices
10．trapped
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
Nowadays many people cross the streets without watching traffic light.So traffic accidents often happen to those don't obey the traffic rules.It has been the serious problem.Why don't they obey the rules? Because some of them lack of traffic rules awareness.And most of them are busy go to work.But what can we solve the problem？First of all，we must obey the traffic rules.Secondly，whoever break the traffic rules should be punished.At last they should teach kids how to cross the streets safely.Unless we do like that，we will have fewer and fewer traffic accidents.And we would live a happier life.
【答案】
Nowadays many people cross the streets without watching traffic .So traffic accidents often happen to those don't obey the traffic rules.It has been serious problem.Why don't they obey the rules? Because some of them lack traffic rules awareness.And most of them are busy to work.But can we solve the problem？First of all，we must obey the traffic rules.Secondly，whoever the traffic rules should be punished.At last should teach kids how to cross the streets safely. we do like that，we will have fewer and fewer traffic accidents.And we live a happier life.
Ⅱ.书面表达
(2018届江西省红色七校高三联考)假定你是一名高中毕业生王志，你校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school？”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提示准备一份英语发言稿。
1．学会学习：方法，习惯等；
2．学会做人：真诚，友善；
3．学会……
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．发言稿开头已给出，不须抄在答题卡上，不计入总词数。
Good afternoon, everyone! I feel honored to stand here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
Good_afternoon,_everyone!_I_feel_honoured_to_stand_here_to_share_with_my_opinions_on_what_to_learn_in_senior_high_school.
In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.First, we should learn to learn efficiently.Personally, I used to try effective method to achieve my academic goals.Developing a good habit is also of importance.It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.
In addition, we should learn how to get along well with others.In school, I respected teachers and was friendly with classmates.It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoors activities frequently.They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.
No pains no gains.I am sure that with great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here.
Thanks for your listening!
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Bad news sells.If it __________ (bleed), it leads.No news is good news, and good news is no news.
2．Come on. I really want you to try ________ this new product.
3．Plants let __________ oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
4．I hope the arrangements meet with your __________ (approve)．
5．Many famous professors have written articles on this __________ (abnormal) phenomenon.
6．__________ (addict) to drugs，he seldom calls his parents except when he asks them for money.
7．When I put forward my plan at yesterday's meeting，he was the first person to subscribe __________ it.
8．What brought about this __________ (astonish) change in me?
9．His __________ (apply) to join the club was honoured.
10．In my mind, switching from coal to gas is a good decision, which is __________(benefit)to energy conservation and environment protection.
【答案】1.bleeds　2.out　3.off　4.approval　5.abnormal　6.Addicted　7.to　8.astonishing　9.application　10.beneficial
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．When first introducing to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
_____________________________________________________________
2．—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water has been polluted.
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3．I was to the point of leaving when the phone rang.
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4．We will be at the 10 Baker Street at six sharply, and look forward to seeing you.
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5．It is vital importance that the government should take measures to prevent pollution.
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【答案】1.introducing→introduced　2.has→have　3.to→on
4．sharply→sharp　5.在vital之前加of