2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第一部分选修8Unit3　Inventorsandinventions

 Unit 3　Inventors and inventions (对应学生用书第206页)[单词　拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记1．distinguish　 vi.&vt. 显示……的差别；     使……有所不同；辨别2．seize   vt.  抓住；捉住；夺3．file    n.  文件；档案；文件夹   vt.  提交；将……归档4．dial   vt.  拨(电话)5．bear   vt.  忍受；忍耐；负担6．tap    vt.&vi.  轻打；轻拍；轻敲   n.  轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头7．stable   adj.  稳固的；稳定的；安定的8．patent    n.  专利证书；专利权9．stainless    adj.  无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的10．passive    adj.  被动的；消极的；被动语态的11．criterion   n.  (评判的)标准；尺度12．valid    adj.  有效的；确凿的13．ripe    adj.  熟的；成熟的14．dynamic    adj.  充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的15．current    n.  (水或气)流；电流   adj.  现在的；当前的16．version    n.  版本；译本17．competence    n.  能力；胜任；本领Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1．mercy  n．宽大；仁慈→merciful  adj.宽大的；仁慈的→merciless  adj.残忍的；无情的2．abrupt  adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地3．convenience n．便利；方便→convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→inconvenient adj.不方便的；引起麻烦的4．caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地5．expect vt.&vi.预料；期待；期望；认为→expectation n．预料；期待；期望6．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的→merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地7．freeze v．冰冻→frozen adj.冻结的→freezing  adj.冰冻的；严寒的8．innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence n．天真；清白9．associate  vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴→association n．协会；社团；联合；联想10．practise n．&v.练习；实习→practical  adj.实际的；实践的Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．Tom was angry at her abrupt manner，so he left abruptly．(abrupt)2．We had expected that he wouldn't come to our party，but his sudden appearance was beyond our expectation．He made our party full of laughter as expected．(expect)3．In this freezing weather，two men were frozen to death on the mountain.(freeze)4．He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution．You should get on with him cautiously．(caution)[拓展联想] 后缀­ive形容词集锦①active主动的　 ④negative消极的②passive被动的   ⑤subjective主观的③positive积极的   ⑥expensive昂贵的表示“抓住”的相关词语一览①catch vt.抓住；接住　　 ③catch hold of抓住②grasp vt.抓住；掌握   ④get hold of抓住[短语　多维应用]Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写1．call_up　　　　　 给……打电话2．now_and_then   偶尔；有时3．set_about   开始；着手4．dive_into   迅速把手伸入；一心投入5．set_out_(to_do)   开始(做)6．hang_on   不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住7．out_of_order   次序颠倒；发生故障8．get_through   设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过9．ring_back   回复电话10．ring_off   挂断电话Ⅱ.语境应用(选用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．Having made up his mind, he set_about carrying out the plan.2．If you hang_on for a while, I will go and see if I can find your mother.3．The thief dived his hand into my handbag and robbed the wallet and ran away.4．I checked the files and some of the papers were out_of_order．You had better sort them out.5．The girl goes to visit her English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year.6．We were very glad when we heard that you had got_through your exam.[拓展联想]“有时”词汇全接触①now and again　　　　 不时；时而②from time to time   不时③occasionally adv.   偶然地；不时地“v.＋into”结构的短语荟萃①run into撞上　　　　 ④look into调查②knock into撞上   ⑤break into破门而入③burst into突然闯入 [句式　结构仿写]教材原句——会背诵句式仿写——能应用1.祈使句＋and＋陈述句Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.1.尽力和你的孩子成为朋友，这样你会真正地知道他们在想什么。Try_to_be_friends with your children，and_you_will_really_know what they are thinking about.2.so...that...引导的结果状语从句The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.2.这次会议是如此之重要，以至于我们每一个人都得出席。This meeting is so_important_that every one of us should attend it.3.only＋状语位于句首，主句要部分倒装Only after you have had that recognition can you say  that you are truly an inventor.3.只有当他离开家时他才意识到他的家是多么的好。Only_when_he_was_away_from_home_did_he_realize how nice home was. (对应学生用书第207页)精讲4个考纲单词 distinguish vi.&vt.辨别；显示……的差别；使……有所不同[教材原句]　Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓到而又不会伤害到它们。(1)distinguish between A and B　区分A和Bdistinguish...from...  把……与……区分开来distinguish oneself (as...)  (作为……)而出名(2)distinguished  adj.  卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for...  因……而出名be distinguished as ...  作为……而闻名①Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。②As far as we all know, Lang Ping has already distinguished_herself_as a great volleyball coach in the world.众所周知，郎平作为优秀的排球教练在世界上已享有盛名。③Honestly speaking，I admire your distinguished (distinguish) achievements.诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。 链接写作 【导学号：65670153】中华民族以勤奋勇敢而出名。①(普通表达)The Chinese nation is famous for its diligence and courage.②(高级表达)The Chinese nation is distinguished for its diligence and courage. convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的[高考佳句]　If it's convenient for you，let's meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.(2016年全国卷Ⅱ)如果你方便的话，我们8点半在学校门口见面。(1)It is convenient for sb.to do sth.　　　　　　　　  做某事对某人来说是方便的be convenient to...  对……方便(2)convenience  n.  方便，便利；适宜at one's convenience   在某人方便的时候①Would it be convenient for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?4点来接我把我送到机场你方便吗？②I'll call in two weeks to arrange a meeting at your convenience.我会在两周后再打电话，把会议安排在您方便的时候。  bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；生育[经典例句]　Bearing a heavy burden，she has to work hard to bring up her children.肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。(1)can't bear doing/to do sth.　不能忍受做某事can't bear sb./sb.'s doing/to do sth.  不能忍受某人做某事(2)bear a heavy burden  肩负重担bear responsibility/the blame  承担责任/受责备(3)bear/keep sth.in mind  记住……bear/keep in mind that...  记住……①Everyone should bear the responsibility of protecting the environment.每个人都应该承担保护环境的责任。②I can't bear young people casting/to_cast (cast) away their youth.我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。 链接写作妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。①(普通表达)My mother often reminds me to remember that failure is the mother of success.②(高级表达)My mother often reminds me to bear_in_mind that failure is the mother of success. associate vt.联想；联系[经典例句]　I feel honored to have the chance to live，work and associate with them.我觉得很荣幸有机会和他们一起生活、工作和相处。(1)associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起be associated with...  和……有关associate with sb.  与某人交往或打交道(2)association  n.  联合；联想；交往；协会；团体in association with...  与……合伙/合作①There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.有很多严重的健康问题都与吸烟有关。②We are working in association (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.我们与一家当地公司联合工作为无家可归的人筹钱。 诠释2个核心短语 call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起[教材原句]　When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone  she was very upset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。call at　 拜访(某个地点)call off  取消；停止call on/upon  拜访(某人)；号召call for  需求；需要；去接(某人)call in  邀请；请来；叫……来帮忙①Their travel plan was called_off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好，他们的旅行计划取消了。②Mr.White was to call_at my house after he finished his speech.怀特先生演讲完之后，要去拜访我家。③I will call_for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate.我8点钟在学校门口接你。 get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；渡过(难关)；用完；耗尽[一词多义]　写出下列句中get through的含义①I managed to get through the hard work and the pain was worth it in the end.设法做完②I couldn't get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.打通电话③Luckily，he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.通过④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用光get across　　 被理解；使人了解get away with  被放过；逃脱惩罚get down to sth.  着手认真做某事get over  克服get on    进展；进步get in    收获⑤We will be able to get_over all kinds of challenges if we can stick to our dreams and never give up.如果我们能坚持我们的梦想，从不放弃梦想，我们就能克服各种各样的挑战。 链接写作 【导学号：65670154】他们期待我能帮助他们，而且希望能成功地通过考试。①(普通表达)They are looking forward to my helping them and they hope to pass the exam successfully.②(高级表达)They are looking forward to my giving_a_hand_to them and they hope to get_through the exam successfully.突破1个高考句型(教材P25)Follow_it_up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。本句句式结构为：祈使句＋and＋陈述句。(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句①Work hard，and you will pass the exam.努力学习，你会考试及格的。②Work hard，or you will fail in your exams.努力学习，否则你会不及格的。③One more hour，and we will do the job better.再给我们一个小时，我们会把工作做得更好。 链接写作参加这次活动，你就能和更多人分享你的图片。①Take_part_in_the_activity and you will share your photos with more people.(祈使句)②If_you_take_part_in_the_activity，you will share your photos with more people.(条件状语从句)③Taking_part_in_the_activity，you will share your photos with more people.(分词作状语)[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型—————————(对应学生用书第209页)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He's too young to_distinguish(distinguish)right from wrong，so he needs your guidance.2．In my opinion，only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing(seize) opportunities can one succeed.3．Those always associating(associate)money with happiness may never feel happy，for they are never content.4．When the ice is heated above freezing(freeze)point，it begins to change into a liquid state.5．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical(practice). I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting.6．Your letter called me up the days we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.7．Read this story，and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.8．When you come to school, please visit my office at your convenience(convenient)．Ⅱ.单句改错1．Distinguishing for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.Distinguishing→Distinguished2．The new government must set out finding solutions to the country's economic problems.out→about3．It is so cold and frozen that we have to stay at home.frozen→freezing4．We could hear a woman was singing merry in the next room.merry→merrily5．Can you tell me how to make myself understand better in my broken English？understand→understood(对应学生用书第210页)Ⅰ.课文语法填空根据P20－21课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。When the writer called up her mother in the countryside on the phone，she 1.________(learn)that snakes came near their house and that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house.2.________(hear)this，the writer felt proud and considered it a chance for her to distinguish 3.________(she)by inventing something merciful 4.________ would catch snakes but not harm them.She set about researching the habits of snakes in order to find the easiest way 5.________(trap)them.She decided to cool them so that they could be 6.________(easy)caught.However，her first two plans were not 7.________(success)．She clearly realized that she needed to improve her design again.As a result，she had to attempt 8.________ third time，which helped her fulfill her aim successfully.She was 9.________ delighted that she was determined to send her 10.________(invent)to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.【答案】　1.learned　2.Hearing　3.herself　4.that　5.to trap　6.easily　7.successful　8.a　9.so　10.inventionⅡ.写作改错双练根据提示利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。1．David是一个谨慎而成功的商人，他的一项新产品获得了专利。(cautious；patent)2．这项产品很畅销，但是后来他发现这款产品没有达到标准。(criteria)3．他没有气馁，而是抓住一切机会改善产品。(improve)4．他希望自己的产品能最终经受得住市场的考验。(expect)5．在自己的努力下，他获得了巨大的成功，自己的收入稳定增长。(stable)第一步　练写作用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二步　练改错下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。David，who was an cautious and successful businessman，got a patent for his new product.Much to his delight，this product sold well，but late he found his product didn't live up to the criteria.However，he didn't lose  heart but seized every chance improve it.He expected that his product can bear the tests of the market.Eventual，it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.【答案】　David，who was  cautious and successful businessman，got a patent for his new product.Much to his delight，this product sold well，but  he found his product didn't live up to the criteria.However，he didn't lose heart but seized every chance  improve it.He expected that his product  bear the tests of the market.，it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase. 【导学号：65670155】