2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：必修3Unit2Language



(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．vocabulary n．　　 词汇
2．accent n. 口音，腔调；着重点
3．mixture n. 混合，混合体
4．racial adj. 人种的，种族的
5．interrupt vi.& vt.[纵联1]　 插嘴，打断，暂停
6．alphabet n. (一种语言的)字母表，全部字母
7．press vt.
n．[纵联2] (被)压，挤，推，施加压力
报刊；新闻界；出版社
8．pattern n. 图案，花纹；模式，方式
9．typewriter n. 打字机
10．version n. 版本
11．spelling n. 拼写
12．shortcoming n. 缺点，短处
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．nowadays adv.[纵联3]　 现在，如今
2．occupy vt. 占领；占用(时间、空间等)
3．consist vi. 组成，构成
4．aside adv. 除……之外
5．official_adj. 官方的，正式的
6．defeat vt. 击败，战胜
7．replace vt. 替换，代替，取代
8．raise vt. 养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及
9．therefore adv. 因此，所以
10．process n. 过程；进程
11．distinction n. 区别，差别
12．ban vt. & n. 禁止；取缔
13．unique adj. 独特的
14．character n. (书写或印刷)文字，符号；人物；性格
15．conclusion n. 结论；推论
16．custom n. 风俗，习俗
17．appearance n. 外观，外貌
18．represent vt. 代表；展示，描绘
19．indicate vt. 显示，表示；象征，暗示
20．thus adv. 以此方式，如此；因此，从而
21．entire adj.[纵联4]　 完全的，整个的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．contribution n．贡献，促成因素；捐赠→contribute v．贡献
2．concern n．关心；忧虑vt.涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣→concerned adj.担心的，关心的→concerning prep.关于
3．access vt.进入；使用n.通道；(使用的)机会，权利→accessible adj.可到达的；可接近的；可利用的
4．embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，使人尴尬的→embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的，难堪的
5．mistaken adj.错误的；误解的→mistake n．错误；误会 vt.弄错；误解
6．differ vi.相异，有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同
7．simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的
8．combine vt.& vi.组合；(使)联合→combination n．联合，结合
9．distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征→distinguished adj.著名的→distinguishable adj.可区分的，可辨别的
10．convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．方便
11．practical adj.切实可行的，实用的→practice n．实践，练习 v．练习；实习；实行

纵联1.巧记“inter­(相互)”词族
①intersect v．相交，交叉　　 　 ②interaction n．相互影响
③international adj.国际的 ④interchange v．相互交换
⑤interact v. 互相来往
⑥interrupt vi.& vt. 插嘴，打断
纵联2.“press”家族
①press v．按；压n.报刊；新闻界；出版社
②pressure n．压力 ③impress v．留下印象
④impression n．印象 ⑤express v．表达
⑥expression n．表达；表情
纵联3.“目前，如今”知多少
①nowadays如今 ②at present目前
③at the present time目前 ④at the moment此刻
⑤at the current time当前
纵联4.拜访“完全”家族
①entire adj.整个的 ②whole adj.全部的
③total adj.完全的 ④wholly adv.完全地
⑤complete adj.完全的

单元话题——语言学习
子话题1　学习内容
①idiom n. 成语，习语
②tone n. 腔调；语调
③stress n. 重音
④native/mother tongue 母语
⑤official language 官方语言
⑥oral/spoken English 英语口语
⑦written English 书面英语
子话题2　学习行为
①drill n．& vi. 训练，操练
②skim vt.& vi. 跳读；略读
③scan vt.& vi. 扫读；浏览
④accumulate vt.& vi. 积累；积聚
⑤refer to/consult a dictionary 查字典
⑥form the habit of reading 养成阅读习惯
⑦enlarge/expand one's vocabulary　 扩大某人的词汇量
子话题3　学习结果
①grasp vt. 领会；抓住
②master vt. 精通，掌握
③accurate adj. 准确的，精确的
④fluent adj. (外语)流利的，流畅的
⑤abundant adj. 大量的，充裕的
⑥pick up 学得；拾起，捡起；接收
⑦acquire skills/knowledge 获得技能/知识
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·广东高考阅读D)It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class __❶__(distinct). Each class had unique characteristics❷ ... One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent❸. The words a person speaks tell❹ her or his class. A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice.
①用所给词的适当形式填空：distinction
②写出加黑词在本单元的同根同义词：character
③选择加黑词在句中的意思：__A__
A．口音　　 B．重音　　　C．强调
④tell在本单元的同义词是：distinguish，前者常和from搭配，后者常和between搭配。
2．(2013·重庆高考阅读E)Bryson and Paxman stand for❶ common misconceptions about the weather­speak among the English.Both commentators, __❷__， are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all ... Rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank “fillers”．In other words, English weather­speak is a means of social bonding❸.
①用本单元词汇替换加黑短语：represent
②选词填空：__C__
A．thus B．meanwhile　 C．somehow
③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：combination
高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我们学校有许多杰出的体育教练。欢迎在你方便的时候亲自来我们学校看看体育运动情况。(distinguish, convenient)
There_are_many_distinguished_sports_coaches_in_our_school._Welcome_to_our_school_to_see_the_physical_exercise_for_yourself_when_it's_convenient.
2．(2017·北京高考书面表达)首先，泰山有着独特的奇观，如日出。此外，也有很多关于它的诗歌。因此，这是一个了解中国传统文化和习俗的好机会。(unique, concern, therefore, custom)
First,_Mount_Tai_has_unique_wonders,_such_as_the_sunrise._Besides,_there_is_lots_of_poetry_concerning_it._Therefore,_this_is_a_good_chance_for_you_to_understand_traditional_Chinese_cultures_and_customs.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．occupy vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)；使忙碌
[记牢]
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.
忙于(做)某事　　　
(2)occupied adj. 忙碌的；占用的
be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作
[练通]
单句语法填空
①As the final examinations draw near, students begin to occupy themselves (they) with the review of the term's work.
②Please fill in the form with your name, age and occupation (occupy)．
③The train got more jam­packed and soon all of the seats were occupied (occupy)．
句型转换
④The workers occupied themselves in building new houses.
→The workers were occupied in building new houses.
⑤When I came in, he was being occupied with his housework.
→When I came in, he was occupying himself with his housework.
[写美]
⑥(2017·天津高考书面表达)顺便说一句，我正忙于为即将到来的第十三届全运会做准备。
By_the_way,_I_am_occupied_preparing_for_the_coming_13th_National_Games.
[联想]　“忙于(做)某事”的其他表达有：be busy/engaged with sth.; be busy/engaged (in) doing sth.等。
2．replace vt.替换，代替，取代；把……放回原处
[记牢]
(1)replace sth.with/by sth.　　　用某物替换某物
replace sb. as 取代某人成为……
(2) 代替某人
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Nowadays many factories have replaced most of their workers with/by robots.
②The manager replaced Bob as chairman of the company.
③John is ill and I want to know who will be in his place.
一句多译
没有人可以取代她父亲在她心中的位置。
④No_one_can_replace_her_father_in_her_heart. (replace)
⑤No_one_can_take_the_place_of_her_father_in_her_heart.
(take the place of)
⑥No_one_can_take_her_father's_place_in_her_heart.
(take one's place)
[写美]
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)北京大学是我梦寐以求的大学，在我心中，没有其他大学能取代它。
Peking_University_is_my_dream_university_and_no_other_ones_can_replace_it_in_my_heart.
3．raise vt.养育，培养；饲养；举起；增加，提高；筹集(资金)；提及；引起，使出现
[辨清]　写出下列句中raise的含义
①UNESCO recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying voice across cultures. 引起
②Pollution can also raise a person's risk of cancer.增加
③Whoever has difficulty with the problem can raise your hands. 举起
④The mother raised her children in an unusual way. 抚养，养育
⑤She had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised ＄25,000 for homeless children.筹集(资金)
[记牢]　arise, rise, raise, arouse

原形
词性及词义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
arise
(vi.)出现；发生；起身
arose
arisen
arising
rise
(vi.)升起；增长；上升
rose
risen
rising
raise
(vt.)举起；抚养；提高
raised
raised
raising
arouse
(vt.)唤醒；激起
aroused
aroused
arousing
[练通]　选用上述单词完成下面语段
One of the problems ⑥arising from the present economic situation is that the price is ⑦rising sharply, of course, partly because some illegal businessmen ⑧raise it on purpose, which has ⑨aroused some objections.
因当前经济形势产生的问题之一是价格迅速上涨。当然，部分原因是一些不法商贩故意提高价格；这种现象已经引起了一片反对之声。
[写美]
⑩(2018·天津高考书面表达)我相信你的参与会提升我们的信心，这对我们的团队是有益的。
I_believe_your_participation_will_raise_our_confidence,_which_is_of_benefit_to_our_team.
4．concern n．关心；关注；忧虑vt.涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣
[记牢]
(1)show/express concern about/for ...
　　　　　　　　　　　　 对……表示关心
concern oneself about/with ... 担忧/关心……
(2)concerned adj. 有关的，担心的
be concerned about/over/for ... 关心；挂念
be concerned with/in ... 牵扯进/参与……
as/so far as ... be concerned 就……而言
(3)concerning prep. 关于；有关
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Nowadays people are more concerned about/for/over the environment where they live.
②The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning (concern) the sales in time.
③The theory of relativity is concerned with two seemingly opposite ideas.
单句改错
④You shouldn't eat whatever you like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients._concerned后加about
句型转换
⑤In my opinion/view, it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones.
→As/So far as I'm concerned,_it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones.
[写美]
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)为了回应你对如何在中国家庭做客的担忧，我想提供我个人的建议。
In_response_to_your_concerns_about_how_to_be_a_guest_in_a_Chinese_family,_I'd_like_to_offer_my_personal_advice.
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)谈到中国的大学，就我个人而言，我会推荐北京大学。
When_it_comes_to_universities_in_China,_as_far_as_I'm_concerned,_I'll_recommend_Peking_University.
5．access vt.进入；接近；使用n.[U]通道；(使用的)机会，权利
[记牢]
(1)access to ...　　　　 进入……的通道/入口
have/get/gain access to ...
拥有……的机会/权利；可以接近；进入
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to ... 可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的
[练通]　完成句子
①The Mortimer Hotel offers_easy_access_to central London.
从莫蒂默酒店去伦敦市中心很方便。
②We can have_access_to various information we need through the screen.
我们可以通过屏幕获取我们需要的各种信息。
③The folder will contain a page that is_accessible_to only some users.
此文件夹将包含一个仅部分用户能访问的网页。
[用准]　access前通常不加冠词；access和accessible短语中的to都是介词。
[写美]
④(2017·江苏高考书面表达)电影导演已经做了一些尝试，让更多的观众可以接触到电影。
Film_directors_have_made_some_attempts_to_make_films_accessible_to_a_wider_public.
6．conclusion n．结论；推论；结束
[记牢]
(1)come to/arrive at/draw/reach a conclusion　得出结论
in conclusion　　　　　　　　 总之；最后
(2)conclude v. 下结论；总结；结束
conclude ...with ... 以……结束……
to conclude 总而言之，最后
[练通]
单句语法填空
①When the group discussion is nearing its end, be sure to conclude it with important points.
②In conclusion (To conclude), parents have to change some of their belief and ideas about how children should be raised.
句型转换
③We conclude that she's a very great writer.
→We come to/arrive at/draw/reach a conclusion that she's a very great writer.
④In a word, it's worthwhile to rebuild the old bridge.
→In conclusion/To conclude,_it's worthwhile to rebuild the old bridge.
[写美]
⑤(2017·北京高考书面表达)总之，我相信此行会让你既放松又有收益。
In_conclusion/To_conclude,_I_believe_that_the_trip_will_be_both_relaxing_and_rewarding.
[联想]　表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。
7．differ vi.相异，有区别
[记牢]
(1)differ from sb./sth. (in ...) (在……方面)与某人/某物不同
(2)different adj. 不同的，有区别的
be different from ... 与……不同/有区别
(3)difference n. 不同，差异，分歧
make a difference to 对……起作用/产生影响
make no difference 不起作用，没有影响
[练通]
单句语法填空
①While civilizations in the world differ from one another in their length of history, none of them is superior to any other.
②Before birth, babies can tell the difference (differ) between loud sounds and voices.
③American English is significantly different (differ) from British English.
根据提示完成小片段
They are twins but they ④are_different_from (不同) each other in their habits and they also ⑤differ_from_ (不同) each other in many behaviours. But it ⑥makes_no_difference (不影响) to their life.
[写美]
⑦(2018·江苏高考书面表达)关于消费排名，我和你持不同的看法，但我们有必要对它们有一个客观的态度。
I_differ_with_your_opinion_on_ratings,_but_it_is_necessary_for_us_to_have_an_objective_attitude_towards_them.
8．distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
[记牢]
(1)distinguish (＝tell) A from B/between A and B　　　　　　　把A和B区分开
distinguish oneself 表现突出
(2)distinguished adj. 著名的，有尊严的
be distinguished (＝ famous/well­known) for ...
因……而著名
(3)distinction n. 区别
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Can you distinguish cotton cloth from linen?
②The scientist is distinguished (distinguish) for its diligence and courage.
③Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.
单句改错
④Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguishing achievements.
distinguishing→distinguished
⑤We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished as his achievements in the area of rice.
as→for
[用准]　distinguish“区别，辨别”，常与介词from连用，意为“区别……和……”；而be distinguished for表示“因……而出名”，相当于be famous for。
[写美]
⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)因为你是一位杰出的乒乓球选手，如果你能加入我们的团队并分享你的鼓舞人心的经历，我们将深感荣幸。
As_you're_a_distinguished_table_tennis_player,_we_would_feel_deeply_honored_if_you_could_join_our_team_and_share_your_inspiring_experiences.
9．convenient adj.便利的，方便的
[记牢]
(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth.
　　　　　　　　　 某人做某事方便
be convenient for/to sb. 对某人来说方便
(2)convenience n. 方便；便利的事物
for convenience 为了方便
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候

[练通]
单句语法填空
①Bachelet says she selected it for convenience and I observe that it is also cheap.
②So I'm writing to let you know that it's not convenient (convenience) for me to go back to receive the laptop at home.
单句改错
③I'd like to meet you at your convenient to discuss the possibility of working in your company.convenient→convenience
一句多译
如果你方便的话，应该多进行户外运动。
④If_it_is_convenient_for_you,_you should do more outdoor exercise.(convenient)
⑤If_it_is_at_your_convenience,_you should do more outdoor exercise.(convenience)
[用准]　convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应为when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。
[写美]
⑥(2018·江苏高考书面表达)不可否认，虽然这种消费排名可能会给消费者带来便利，但它们也经常是误导和不可靠的。
There_is_no_denying_that_such_ratings_might_bring_convenience_to_consumers,_but_they_are_often_misleading_and_unreliable.
⑦(2015·陕西高考书面表达)如果您有兴趣，请在您最方便的时候向陈老师发送申请电子邮件到chenlaoshi@aef.com.。
If_you_are_interested,_please_send_an_application_email_at_your_earliest_convenience_to_Ms_Chen_at_chenlaoshi@aef.com.
⑧(2014·湖南高考书面表达)总之，如果我们能有这么一块有魔力的手表，我们的生活将会更加方便。
In_a_word,_if_we_had_such_a_magic_watch,_our_life_would_become_more_convenient.
[词汇过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Cells divide and renew as part of the human growth process (过程)．
2．Anna told me reading occupied (占用) most of her free time.
3．So long as we can defeat (击败) the other team, we'll become the champion of course.
4．Although Lu Xun Park is not a very large park, it has a unique (独特的) style as a symbol of Qingdao.
5．His own opinion can't represent (代表)that of all the students.
6．Every student should learn to make a distinction (区别，差别) between right and wrong.
7．Every worker should learn to combine (使联合) work with pleasure.
8．People who are colour­blind often can't distinguish (区别) red from green.
9．As a graduate, I should learn from the beginning to gain some practical (实用的) skills.
10．The arrow on a sign indicates (显示) the way to go to the theatre.
11．It is said that people in that area have little access (机会) to recreational activities such as watching TV or seeing films.
12．This exhibition is aimed at increasing knowledge about the city's history, culture and customs (风俗)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．WHO welcomes China's contribution (contribute) of mobile laboratory to west Africa against Ebola.
2．It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience (convenient) of online shopping.
3．We can，therefore，come to the conclusion (conclude) that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.
4．British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.
5．It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks.
6．What's more, she represented the school to_attend (attend) the English Debating.
7．Personally, teamwork means we should try to combine our ideas with others'.
8．The twins looked so alike that we couldn't distinguish the one from the other.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．If it is convenient with you today, please post the letter for me on your way home.
with→to/for
2．I think we should ban smoke in parks as well.smoke→smoking
3．John is ill and I want to know who is going to take place of him. take后加the
4．Our school provides all the senior students with easy access to read books.read→reading
5．He found it embarrassing to speak in front of so many people.embarrassing→embarrassed
6．Finally, he reached to a conclusion that Tom wasn't the thief.去掉to
7．During the meeting, hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted with him.去掉with
8．As far as I'm concern, I prefer beef to chicken.concern→concerned
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．I live just by the market, and it's_very_convenient_to_go_shopping.
我家就住在商场旁边，买东西很方便。
2．The teacher asked us to combine_the_two_short_sentences to make a new sentence.
老师让我们把这两个短句合成一个新的句子。
3．They arrived_at_a_conclusion after several long discussions.
经过数次长时间的讨论之后，他们得出了结论。
4．All the people fixed their eyes on me, which made_me_feel_very_embarrassed.
所有的人都把目光盯着我，使我感到很尴尬。
5．Nowadays every parent has_access_to_the_educational_resources.
现在每个家长都有机会使用教育资源。

(一)课前自主学习

1．be_made_up_of　　　　　　　 由……组成(构成)
2．consist_of 由……组成(构成)
3．name_after[串记1] 以……命名
4．aside_from 除……之外
5．take_control_of 控制，取得对……的控制
6．lead_to 导致
7．ought_to 应该，应当
8．differ_from 和……不同，不同于
9．stand_for 代表，象征
10．as_a_whole 总体上，作为整体
11．make_contributions_to 对……做出贡献
12．go_through 经历；浏览，仔细检查
13．take_..._into_consideration 考虑……
14．pick_up 捡起；中途接人；无意中学会
15．at_one_time[串记2] 曾经，一度；一次
16．in_a_word[串记3] 总之
17．leave_out 排除；不包括；漏掉
[同根短语串记]
串记1.name短语集合
①name after以……命名　　　　 ②by name名义上；名叫
③by/in the name of以……名义 ④call one's name点名
串记2.“时间”都去哪儿了
①at a time每次；一次 ②at one time曾经，一度
③at the time在那时；在那段时间 ④all the time 一直；一向
⑤all time全部时间 ⑥all times常常
串记3.“总之”说法种种
①in a word ②as a whole
③(all) in all ④in conclusion
⑤in short/brief ⑥in general
⑦to conclude

1．different countries and cultures　　　不同国家和文化背景
2．before the middle of the 5th century 公元5世纪中叶以前
3．at the end of the 9th century 在公元9世纪末
4．the official language 官方语言
5．with similar meanings 有着相似的意思
6．borrow many words from_French 借用了许多法语单词
7．raise animals 饲养动物
8．make words plural 单词变复数
9．come into widespread use 广泛使用

1．That_is_why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
这就是英语有那么多让人困惑的规则的原因。
2．After the Norman Conquest, high­class people spoke French while_common_people_spoke_English.
诺曼征服之后，上层阶级的人说法语，而普通人说英语。
3．The Chinese language differs from Western languages in_that,_instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.
汉语与许多西方语言的不同之处在于汉语使用的基本单位汉字代表某一种含义、物体或事情，而不是一种字母。
4．Not_all_characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。
5．While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be_of_practical_use.
虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except (aside_from) August.(用本单元短语升级加黑词汇)
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once (at_one_time) the home of four Kings and one Queen. (用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)
3．(2015·湖南高考阅读A)It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause (lead_to) an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.(写出加黑词在本单元的同义短语)
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)在中国家庭做客非常有趣且有意义。我希望我说的对你有帮助。(be of＋n.)
Being_a_Chinese_family's_guest_is_interesting_and_meaningful._I_hope_what_I_have_said_would_be_of_help_to_you.
2．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)并不是所有的消费排名都是准确的，所以你可以把它们作为一个参照点，但不能完全依赖它。(部分否定)
Not_all_ratings_are_accurate,_so_you_can_use_them_as_a_reference_point_but_can't_completely_depend_on_them.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．consist of由……组成，由……构成
[记牢]
(1)consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of
由……组成　　　　　
(2)consist in ＝ lie in 存在于……；在于……
consist with 一致；符合
(3)consistent adj. 相容的，一致的
be consistent with 和……一致/相符
[练通]　一句多译
这个出国考察团队由50人组成。
①The research team abroad consists_of_50_people.
②The research team abroad is_made_up_of_50_people.
③The research team abroad is_composed_of_50_people.
这座城市的美在于它建筑物的独特风格。
④The beauty of the city consists_in the unique style of its buildings.
⑤The beauty of the city lies_in the unique style of its buildings.
这条消息与报纸上所说的是一致的。
⑥The information consists_with what is said in the newspaper.
⑦The information is_consistent_with what is said in the newspaper.
[用准]　consist of无被动形式，也不用于进行时态。
[写美]
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)你们的活动任务包括欣赏电影，然后进行热烈的讨论，并给出你自己的评论。
Your_task_of_the_activity_consists_of_enjoying_the_movie,_having_a_heated_discussion_afterwards_and_giving_your_own_comments.
2．lead to导致；通向
[记牢]
lead to (one's/one) doing sth.　 导致(某人)做某事
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead/live a ... life 过……样的生活
lead the way 引路，带路
lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.
②I want to know what led you to_take (take) up acting as a career.
完成句子
③The receptionist led_the_way to the boardroom.
接待员领路来到会议室。
④Only in peaceful countries can the people lead/live_a_happy_life.
只有在和平的国家，人民才能过上幸福的生活。
[用准]　lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词­ing形式。表示“导致”的短语还有：result in, contribute to，account for等。
[写美]
⑤(2017·天津高考书面表达)我正过着快乐而又充实的生活，忙着备考高考。
I'm_leading_a_happy_and_full_life,_busy_with_my_lessons_for_the_College_Entrance_Examination.
3．stand for代表，象征
[记牢]
stand out　　　　　　　　 突出，显眼
stand by 支持；旁观
stand aside 站到一边
stand on one's feet 站起来；自食其力
stand up 站起来
stand up for 支持；维护(权利)
[练通]　介、副词填空
①In China, the Chinese knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.
②Some parents worry about their children who are not able to stand up for themselves in life.
③Good Heavens! How could you stand by and allow such a thing to happen!
④After several rounds of competition, the little girl stood out because of her excellent spoken English and quick response.
⑤The old man could hardly stand on his feet in the strong storm.
⑥Stand aside and let the ambulance past first!
[写美]
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)在中国，红色代表美丽、生命和幸福，所以你可以穿红色衣服去拜访一个中国家庭。
In_China,_red_stands_for_beauty,_life_and_happiness,_so_you_can_visit_a_Chinese_family_dressed_in_red.

[句式集释]
1．部分否定
[教材原句]　Not_all_characters were developed from drawings of objects.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)While online shopping has changed our life, not_all of its effects have been positive.
尽管网购已经改变了我们的生活，但并非它的所有影响都是积极的。
(2)Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物院。

[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)部分否定：否定词not与both, all, every, each, everybody, everything等不定代词或形容词连用，意为“不都是，并非都”。
(2)完全否定：常用no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one等表示。
注意事项
部分否定：not both/all/every/each/everybody/everything/...＝both/all/every/each/everybody/everything/... not ...
例如：All these books are not popular with people.＝Not all these books are popular with people.

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)As you know, not all of us do well in playing ping­pong.(要点句)
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)Nothing makes me happier than hearing from you.(要点句)
2．“be of＋名词”结构
[教材原句]　While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be_of_practical_use.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)It is of great importance for college students to master a foreign language.
＝It is_very_important for college students to master a foreign language.
对大学生来说，掌握一门外语是很重要的。
(2)The twin sisters are_of_a_size and the skirt fits each of them exactly.
这对双胞胎姐妹的身材一样，这件裙子两个人穿都非常合适。(3)The army and the people are_of_one_family.
＝The army and the people belong to one family.
军民是一家。
(4)Our building was_of_bricks.
＝Our building was built of bricks.
我们的楼房是砖建的。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)在“be of＋抽象名词”结构中，of短语相当于这个名词的同根形容词，常用的名词有：use，importance，help，value，interest，quality，service, benefit, necessity等。
(2)“be of＋(表示种类、颜色、年龄、形状、价格等)名词”多用来表示主语的特征。常用的名词有：kind, age, colour, size，height, shape, type, way, price等。
(3)“be of＋集合名词或其他类型的名词”，相当于belong to或have。of表示归属关系或“有”的意思。常用的名词有：family, blood，race, origin等。
(4)“be of＋物质名词”表示主语是“用某种材料构成或制作的”，相当于be made of或be built of。
注意事项
“be of＋名词”也可以表示“来源、组成”。如：
He was of a poor peasant family.
他出身贫农家庭。
The committee is of seven people.
该委员会由7人组成。


[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)I think it's of great use for you to visit the paper­cutting exhibition.(要点句)
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)This activity is of great significance, so every one of you should take part in it actively.(要点句)

[词块、句式过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.选词填空
leave out，go through，name after，lead to，pick up, as a whole, consist of, take control of, stand for, ought to
1．The rest of the furniture consists_of a bed, a table and four chairs, which are made of steel and wood.
2．The army took_control_of the city after the president's fall from power, which left the whole country in a mess.
3．The child was named_after his father, given his father's first name.
4．Too much work and too little rest often lead_to illness.
5．Sam picked_up some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
6．As_a_whole,_the weather has been fine this month.
7．The four H's stand_for head, heart, hands, and health.
8．If we all stick together, we ought_to succeed one day.
9．As for the accident, he only told us the main facts, leaving_out most of the details.
10．The company went_through a difficult economic period in the early 1990s, but managed to recover its financial strength with great effort.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1．奥运旗上的五环代表什么？(stand for)
What_do_the_five_rings_on_the_Olympic_flag_stand_for?
2．众所周知，是人类的活动导致了全球变暖。(lead to)
As_we_all_know,_it_is_human_activity_that_leads_to_the_global_warming.
3．生活既有阳光，也有艰难的时候。(consist of)
Life_consists_of_not_only_sunshine_but_also_hard_times.
4．并非人人都喜欢这本书。(部分否定)
Not_everyone_likes_this_book.
5．这本书对历史系的学生是十分有帮助的。(be of＋抽象名词)
The_book_will_be_of_great_help_to_students_of_history_department._
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你们班同学打算在9月10日晚上7点于办公楼603房间一起观看央视频道《经典咏流传》中的一期节目。你听说正在你校学习汉语的美国交换生Albert对中国古诗词很感兴趣。请用英语给他写一封邮件，邀请他一同观看。内容包括：
1．时间和地点；
2．内容：欣赏以歌曲形式咏唱的经典古诗词；
3．提醒：提前简要了解一些中国经典古诗词，观后一起谈感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：《经典咏流传》 Everlasting Classics
Hi Albert，
　


Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文中的邀请信，时态为一般现在时，人称主要是第一、二人称。本写作可分为三个部分：一、先发出邀请——观看综艺节目；二、简要描述节目内容，提醒节目后的安排；三、期待对方的参与。
要点1：我写信是想邀请你和我们一起观看一档有吸引力的综艺节目。(join, attractive, variety show)
I'm_writing_to_invite_you_to_join_us_in_watching_an_attractive_variety_show.
要点2－①：许多中国古典诗歌以通俗歌曲的形式表演出来。(classical, perform)
A_lot_of_classical_Chinese_poems_are_performed_in_the_form_of_popular_songs.
要点2－②：我们打算看完节目后一起交流一下看法。(exchange)
We_plan_to_exchange_our_reviews_after_watching_the_show_together.
要点3：我期待着你的参与。(participation)
I'm_looking_forward_to_your_participation.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
要点1，点出写信的原因，添加综艺节目的具体名字，并补充活动开展的具体时间、地点；要点2，对这个节目给予一定的评价(a hit program on CCTV)，同时指出该节目对学习汉语有益，并建议提前简要了解一些中国经典古诗词；要点3，指出观看该节目的意义。
拓展1：听说你对中国古典诗歌很感兴趣，我写信邀请你和我们一起在9月10日晚上7点于办公楼603房间观看一个有吸引力的综艺节目，叫做《经典咏流传》。(现在分词短语作原因状语，过去分词短语作后置定语)
Knowing_you_show_great_interest_in_classical_Chinese_poetry,_I'm_writing_to_invite_you_to_join_us_in_watching_an_attractive_variety_show_called_Everlasting_Classics_at_7：00_p．m._on_September_10th_in_Room_603_in_the_Office_Building.
拓展2－①：这是中央电视台的一档热门节目，将许多中国古典诗歌以通俗歌曲的形式表演出来。我相信有些诗歌对你的汉语学习有很大的帮助。(a hit program, where引导的定语从句， be of ＋抽象名词)
It_is_a_hit_program_on_CCTV,_where_a_lot_of_classical_Chinese_poems_are_performed_in_the_form_of_popular_songs._I_believe_some_poems_are_of_great_use_to_your_Chinese_learning.
拓展2－②：我们打算看完节目后一起交流一下看法，所以你最好提前了解一些要展示的诗歌和它们的背景。(ought to)
We_plan_to_exchange_our_reviews_after_watching_the_show_together,_so_you_ought_to_learn_in_advance_some_poems_to_be_shown_and_their_background.
拓展3：我期待着你的参与，相信你会很喜欢这档节目并从中学到很多东西。(并列句，宾语从句)
I'm_looking_forward_to_your_participation_and_I_believe_you_will_enjoy_it_and_learn_a_lot.

第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡


本写作是一封邮件，开头可用书信问候语“How is every­thing？”。全文根据要点表述可划分为三个段落。此外，各要点之间衔接流畅，逻辑清晰，无须额外添加衔接词。
Hi_Albert，
How_is_everything?_Knowing_you_show_great_interest_in_classical_Chinese_poetry,_I'm_writing_to_invite_you_to_join_us_in_watching_an_attractive_variety_show_called_Everlasting_Classics_at_7：00_p．m._on_September_10th_in_Room_603_in_the_Office_Building.
It_is_a_hit_program_on_CCTV,_where_a_lot_of_classical_Chinese_poems_are_performed_in_the_form_of_popular_songs._I_believe_some_poems_are_of_great_use_to_your_Chinese_learning._We_plan_to_exchange_our_reviews_after_watching_the_show_together,_so_you_ought_to_learn_in_advance_some_poems_to_be_shown_and_their_background.
I'm_looking_forward_to_your_participation_and_I_believe_you_will_enjoy_it_and_learn_a_lot.
Yours，
Li_Hua



理清文体结构之(八)　说明文之人物类——抓说明方法，巧用行文结构解题
人物类说明文往往突出人物的重要贡献或历史地位，这一点往往从文章的主题句中体现出来。在说明人物的过程中会使用各种说明方法，这些方法对理解全文有着很大帮助，也是高考命题的切入点。另外，文章的行文结构也至关重要，依据行文结构可预知文章大意，对解题大有益处。
[抓人物说明方法，理行文结构]
[高考典例]　2018·浙江卷·A篇
[读文解题技法]


In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.→比喻
How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them.It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.→主题句
1.略读全文知行文结构
本文的三个并列结构为：
(1)狄更斯出生前英国小说的现状。
(2)狄更斯去世后人们对他的评价。
(3)狄更斯对英国文学的影响。
2.跳读全文标说明方法
(1)对比
通过狄更斯出生前及去世后英国小说的现状对比，说明他在英国文学中的重要性。
(2)比喻
第二段最后一句为比喻句，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样。
3.速读查找文章主题句
速读文章，可知最后一段最后一句为主题句。

[利用方法巧解题]
21．Which of the following best describes ？
A．They were difficult to understand. B．They were popular among the rich.
C．They were seen as nearly worthless. D．They were written mostly by women.
22．Dickens is in the text to stress________.
A．his reputation in France B．his interest in modern art
C．his success in publication D．his importance in literature
23．What is the author’s in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer. B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture. D．To promote values of the Victorian age.
21．18世纪英国小说狄更斯出生前的现状，分析第一段最后一句得出答案。
22．和《蒙娜丽莎》对比第二段中的“比喻”句，即可推知答案。
23．写文目的第三段中的“主题句”，即可推知答案。
[答案]　21.C　22.D　23.A