2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：选修7Unit1Livingwithtechnology



(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．evolution n．　　　　　 　　 演变，发展；进化
2．device n. 装置，设备
3．percentage n. 百分率，百分比
4．storage n. 存储，储藏(空间)
5．foresee vt. 预料，预见，预知
6．patent n. 专利权；专利证书
7．relay vt. 播放，转播；接转，转发
n. 接力赛；中继设备
8．sceptical adj. 怀疑的
9．ample adj. 足够的，充足的，丰裕的
10．battery n. 电池
11．religious adj. 宗教的，宗教信仰的；虔诚的
12．valid adj. 符合逻辑的，合理的，有根据
的；(法律上)有效的
13．shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的
14．stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的
15．idiom n. 习语，成语，惯用语
16．portable adj. 便携式的，轻便的
17．electronic adj. 电子的
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．drawback n. 缺点，缺陷；不利条件
2．principle n. 原理，法则；道德原则，行为准则
3．delay vt.&vi. (使)推迟，延迟
n. 延误，延迟
4．eventually adv.[纵联1] 最后，终于
5．all­round adj. 功能齐全的；全面的
6．circumstance n．[纵联2] 条件，环境，状况
7．merely adv. 仅仅，只不过
8．typical adj. 平常的；典型的，有代表性的；
特有的
9．sacrifice vt. 牺牲，献出
n. 牺牲，舍弃；祭品
10．rid vt. 摆脱；去除；丢弃
11．suitable adj. 合适的，适当的
12．oppose vt. 反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争
13．obvious adj. 显然的，显而易见的
14．distribute vt.[纵联3] 使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销
15．reject vt. 拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用
16．elegant adj.[纵联4] (物品)雅致的，精美的；
(人或其举止)优雅的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．construct vt.制造；修筑，建造→construction n．建筑
2．accessible adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的→access n．通道，通路，入口；机会，权利
3．adaptation n．适应；改编本，改写本→adapt v．适应
4．casual adj.非正式的，随便的；漫不经心的，不经意的→casually adv.随便地；偶然地；临时地
5．insurance n．保险；保障措施→insure vt.给……保险；确保
6．translation n．翻译；转化→translate vt.& vi.翻译；转化→translator n．翻译；译员，翻译家
7．vote vi.&vt.投票，选举，表决n.选票；选举，表决→voter n．投票人；有选举权的人
8．tight adj.亲密的，紧密的；紧的；紧身的；严密的→tightly adv.紧紧地；坚固地

纵联1.“最后，终于”集汇
①eventually ②finally
③lastly ④at last
⑤end up ⑥in the end
纵联2.不可忽视的“状况，情况”
①circumstance 环境，状况
②condition 状态；情况
③state 状态，状况
④situation 情形，处境
⑤status 情形，状态；地位
纵联3.不同的“分”法
①distribute 分配，分发；散布
②divide 分；划分；分离
③assign 分派，选派，分配
④allocate 分配，分派
纵联4.“品质”荟萃
①elegant 高雅的
②mature 成熟的
③sensible 明智的
④diligent 勤奋的；用功的
⑤shallow 肤浅的
⑥kind 心善的，和蔼的
⑦unselfish 无私的
⑧patient 耐心的

单元话题——与科技同在
子话题1　网络科技
①Digital Natives 数字原生代
②social network 社交网络
③digital divide 数字鸿沟
④netizen 网民
⑤e­commerce 电子商务
⑥explosive growth 爆炸式增长
⑦user experience 用户体验
⑧intelligent recommendation 智能推荐
⑨recommendation engine 推荐引擎
子话题2　航空航天
①嫦娥二号(探月卫星)Chang'e­2 (lunar probe)
②神舟十一号(宇宙飞船)Shenzhou Ⅺ (spacecraft)
③载人飞船manned spaceship/spacecraft
④载人航天manned space flight
⑤载人航天计划manned space program
⑥航天飞机space shuttle
⑦无人飞船unmanned spaceship
⑧通信卫星communication satellite
⑨遥感卫星remote sensing satellite
⑩绕地球飞行orbit the earth
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2016·浙江高考阅读C)Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way — that they investigate human psychology and the rules❶ of language using similar means. For example, it may only❷ be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally❸ overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn't like❹ Dove chocolate.
①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：principle，短语 in_principle意为“原则上，大体上”。
②加黑词可用本单元单词 merely进行升级。
③加黑词可用本单元单词 eventually进行升级，其形容词为eventual，意为“最后的，最终的”；其名词为eventuality，意为“可能发生的事情，可能出现的结果”。
④写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：oppose，意为“反对，抵制”。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments❶ are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self­conscious (难为情) when they're in poorly❷ lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn't have enough window light, get❸ more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：circumstance，构成短语：in/under_the_circumstances，意为“在这种情况下”；in/under_no_circumstances意为“在任何情况下决不，无论如何都不”。
②写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：ample
③写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：rid，意为“摆脱”，可构成短语：rid_sb._of_sth.，意为“使某人摆脱某物”。

高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)在这种环境中，排球队与篮球队每天进行两个小时的训练也是适当的。(circumstance, suitable)
Under_such_circumstance,_it_is_suitable_for_a_volleyball_team_and_a_basketball_team_to_train_for_two_hours_a_day.
2．(2017·浙江高考书面表达)最终，在朋友们的帮助下，Mac摆脱了那匹狼。(eventually, rid)
Eventually,_Mac_got_rid_of_the_wolf_with_his_friends'_help.
(二)课堂重点释疑

1．delay vt.& vi.(使)推迟，延迟 n．延误，延迟
[记牢]
(1)delay doing sth.　　　　　 推迟做某事
(2)without delay 毫不延迟地，立即
the delay in doing sth. 延迟做某事
[练通]
片段语法填空
①There was a delay of two hours before the plane took off.Therefore, we had to delay holding (hold) the meeting until three o'clock in the afternoon.After that, the plan would be carried out without delay.If not, we might be unable to finish the task in time.
完成句子
②We decided to delay_going_on_our_holiday till next month because of the bad weather.
因为恶劣的天气，我们决定把假期推迟到下个月。
③He was criticized for his_delay_in_taking_care_of the matter.
他由于没有及时处理这件事而受到批评。
[用准]　delay用作动词时后常跟名词或动名词作宾语，不能跟动词不定式，可与put off互换。
[写美]
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)通常来说，你到达的时间不应该延误，最好是早几分钟。
Generally_speaking,_your_arrival_shouldn't_be_delayed.A_few_minutes_earlier_is_the_best.
2．distribute vt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销
[记牢]
(1)distribute ... to ...　　　　 把……分配给……
distribute ...among ... 在……中分发或分配
(2)distribution n. 分配，分布；分发，分送
distributor n. 经销商；分配者
[练通]　单句语法填空
①The Red Cross organized the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing in the disaster area.
②You can get the book through your local distributor (distribute)．
③(2013·江西高考)Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
[写美]
④(2012·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)蛋糕会被切开分发给我们，然后我们会唱歌和玩游戏。
The_cake_will_be_cut_and_distributed_among_us_and_then_we'll_sing_songs_and_play_games.
3．obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的
[记牢]
(1)It's obvious that ...　　 很显然……
be obvious to sb. 对某人是显而易见的
(2)obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地
[练通]　单句语法填空
①Grammatical errors are always obvious to me, and spelling mistakes stand out.
②(2012·福建高考)This meeting would decide his future life, and he obviously (obvious) knew it.
③It was obvious that I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the opposite direction.
[写美]
④(2009·北京高考书面表达)图画里的人想模仿我们。很明显，他做得很艰难。
The_man_in_the_picture_is_trying_to_copy_us.Obviously,_he_is_doing_it_the_hard_way.
4．suitable adj.合适的，适当的
[记牢]
(1)be suitable for ...　　　　　 适合……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
(2)suit vt. 对……合适；合身，适合
vi. 合适，相称
n. 一套衣服，套装
suit sth. to sb./sth. 使某事适合于某人/物
(3)suited adj. 合适的；般配的
be suited to ... 适合于……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Mr. Smith decided that he was not suited (suit) to the life in a small town, so he returned to the city.
②A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
③The simplicity of the book makes it suitable for children.
单句改错
④You can choose the one best suited of your team, project, and development process.of→to
[写美]
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)当你去中国朋友家吃饭时，带着些水果是合适的。
It_is_suitable_to_carry_some_fruit_when_you_go_to_your_Chinese_friend's_home_for_dinner.
5．reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用
[记牢]
(1)reject doing sth. 　　　 拒绝做某事
reject one's suggestion/demand/offer
拒绝某人的建议/要求/提议
(2)rejection n. 拒绝，拒收
[练通]　单句语法填空
①News of another job rejection (reject) disheartened her badly.
②I wanted to know why Tom rejected lending (lend) his car to me.
[用准]　reject后只接doing作宾语，而refuse, decline后接动词不定式作宾语。
[写美]
③(2013·湖南高考书面表达)我认为我们输掉比赛的主要原因是我们没有接受教练的建议。
I_think_the_main_reason_why_we_lost_the_match_is_that_we_rejected_our_trainer's_suggestion.
6．oppose vt.反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争
[记牢]
(1)oppose (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的；相反的
be opposed to 反对；对抗 (to是介词)
(3)opposite adj. 相反的，对立的
prep. 与……相反；在……对面
be opposite to ... 在……对面，与……相反
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Only 18 percent of those surveyed were opposed to the idea.
②The post office is opposite (oppose) to the first teaching building.
单句改错
③Our members are definitely opposed to make concessions (让步) on the safety question.make→making
④The result was quite opposite with what we had expected.with→to
一句多译
很多教育家强烈反对过度保护孩子。
⑤Many educators strongly_oppose_protecting children too much.(oppose)
⑥Many educators are_strongly_opposed_to_protecting children too much.(opposed)
[写美]
⑦(2013·四川高考书面表达)好习惯总是带来高效率，坏习惯则相反。
Good_habits_always_lead_to_high_efficiency,_while_bad_ones_bring_the_opposite.
7．typical adj.平常的；典型的，有代表性的；特有的
[记牢]
(1)be typical of　　　　　　　　 是……的特点
It is typical of sb. to do sth. 某人一向做某事，做某事是某人的典型特征
(2)typically adv. 典型地
[练通]　单句语法填空
①Samuel can't help having a big nose — it is typical of him to be curious about others' affairs.
②(2013·浙江高考)Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically (typical) rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.
③(2011·重庆高考)His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family.
[写美]
④(2013·广东高考书面表达)以我为典例。有一次，父母外出旅游时，我独自住了一个星期。
Take_me_as_a_typical_example.I_once_lived_alone_for_a_week_when_my_parents_went_out_traveling.
8．sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 n．牺牲，舍弃；祭品
[记牢]
(1)sacrifice ... for ...　　　　　 为……牺牲……
(2)make sacrifice(s) for 为……作出牺牲
at the sacrifice of ... 以牺牲……为代价
[练通]　完成句子
①The fact is that many women make_sacrifices_for their families.
事实是许多女性都为她们的家庭作出了牺牲。
②We don't have to promote economic growth at_the_sacrifice_of environmental protection.
我们不必为了促进经济增长而以牺牲环境作为代价。
[写美]
③(2015·浙江高考书面表达)我作出选择的主要原因是我在一个强调集体主义(collectivism)的文化中长大，我倾向于为了集体利益而牺牲自己的利益。
The_main_reason_for_my_choice_is_that_being_brought_up_in_a_culture_emphasizing_collectivism,_I_tend_to_sacrifice_my_own_interest_for_the_group_benefit.
[词汇过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The percentage (比例) of girls in engineering has increased substantially.
2．Older women look best in classically elegant (优雅的) styles.
3．(2015·陕西高考)The findings challenge a key principle (原则) of modern parenting (养育子女) where schools expect them to act as partners in their children's education.
4．We can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual (随意的) conversation.
5．He sacrificed (牺牲) his own schooling so that his brother could go to college for lack of money.
6．I am not so violently bent upon my own opinion as to reject (拒绝) any offer proposed by wise men.
7．It is obvious (明显的) that even if we can save much energy, we can only delay the energy crisis.
8．Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable (适合的) for the job.
9．Rainfall has been evenly distributed (分布) this year and a good harvest can be expected.
10．At first he was opposed (反对的) to the scheme, but we managed to argue him round.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．However, planning and construction (construct) for one plant takes up to 15 years.
2．Mothers often sacrifice themselves for their children.
3．A country needs a defence capability as insurance (insure) against the unexpected.
4．I hope our country has an equal distribution (distribute) of income and wealth.
5．Suddenly a car came round a corner on the opposite (oppose) side.
6．The book described the adaptation (adapt) of desert species to the hot conditions.
7．What I have found helpful is for me to be mentally prepared to face rejection (reject)．
8．They'd soon be penniless and homeless if she couldn't find suitable (suit) work.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．All these measures must be carried through without the delay.去掉the
2．Obvious, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Obvious→Obviously
3．The books will be distributed free on local schools.on→to
4．It seems that he is opposed to go abroad.go→going
5．Tom was late again — that was typical of him to keep others waiting.that→it
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He succeeded in the experiment at_the_sacrifice_of his health.
他以牺牲自己的健康为代价取得了实验的成功。
2．He told his parents he was_opposed_to/opposed_moving abroad.
他告诉父母他反对移民国外。
3．As is known, Confucian cultures are_typical_of Chinese culture.
众所周知，儒家文化是中国文化的典型。
4．It_is_obvious_to_the_students that they should get well prepared for their future.
很明显，对学生们来说，他们应该为他们的未来做好充分的准备。



(一)课前自主学习

1．in_general　　　　　　　　　 总的来说，一般而言
2．adjust_to 适应
3．have_access_to 有使用……的权利(机会)
4．wind_up 上发条
5．for_good_measure[串记1] 额外，另外
6．a_large_amount_of 许多
7．on_sale 出售，上市；折价销售
8．answer_for 对……负责
9．in_particular 特别地，尤其
10．benefit_from[串记2] 从……中受益
11．contribute_to 有助于；对……作出贡献
12．keep_pace_with[串记3] 与……并驾齐驱；与……同步
13．rely_on 依靠，依赖；相信，信赖
14．be_shaped_like 形状像
15．keep_in_touch_with 与……保持联系
16．focus_on 集中于
17．be_absorbed_in 全神贯注于
18．rid__...of_... 使……免除……；使……摆脱……
[同根短语串记]
串记1.for短语集训营
①for sale 出售
②for free 免费
③for sure 肯定地
④for good 永久地
⑤for instance/example 例如
⑥for good measure 额外
串记2.走进“v.＋from”家园
①date from 追溯到
②hear from 收到……的来信
③result from 由于，因为
④escape from 从……逃脱
⑤benefit from 从……中受益
⑥take from 从……中摘取
串记3.keep短语大团圆
①keep in touch with 与……保持联系
②keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱
③keep away (from) (使)避开；不接近
④keep off (使)避开；让开
⑤keep an eye on 照看；留意
⑥keep up with 跟上；不落后

1．make important breakthroughs　　　　 取得重大突破
2．easy to carry 易携带
3．the primary means of ……的主要方式
4．in many aspects 在许多方面
5．without any explanation 没有任何解释
6．deal with strangers 同陌生人打交道
7．build relationships_with many people 和许多人建立关系
8．over a telephone wire 通过电话线

1．John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928, but it_was_not_until_1938_that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.
约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。
2．When_asked later what the call was about, your friend always answers, ‘Oh, nothing really.’
当随后被问到电话里讲的什么时，你的朋友总是回答道，“噢，真的没什么。”
3．If the call was really about ‘nothing’， then why was it so_important_as_to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time?
如果那个电话真的“没什么”， 那么为什么它如此重要以至于打断你们的谈话并浪费你们的宝贵时间呢？
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)
1．(2014·天津高考阅读A)All students have_access_to (可以进入) the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills.
2．(2011·北京高考完形填空)At first I thought it was a crazy idea because I didn't have a good sense of balance, nor did I have the ability to keep_pace_with_the_others (与其他人同步) on the team and they would tease me.
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
1．(2015·福建高考书面表达)A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he concentrated on (was_absorbed_in或 focused_on) his reading.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)
2．(2014·重庆高考书面表达)这样我们才能在有困难的时候找到可以依靠的人。否则我们迟早要为我们的自私付出代价。(用“状语从句中的省略， answer for”翻译句子)
Then_we_can_have_someone_to_turn_to_when_in_trouble.Otherwise_we'll_have_to_answer_for_our_selfishness_sooner_or_later.

(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．keep in touch with与……保持联系
[记牢]
get in touch with sb.　　 　 和某人取得联系(动作)
be in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(状态)
lose touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(动作)
be out of touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(状态)
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
①To make it easier to get_in_touch_with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
②Do telephone me as often as you can.I don't want to lose_touch_with you.
③Keeping_in_touch_with our friends is an important part of friendship.
[用准]　keep/be in touch with和be out of touch with表状态，可与时间段连用；而get in touch with和lose touch with表动作，不能与时间段连用。
[写美]
④(2011·广东高考书面表达)他没有手机或其他方式与他的父母取得联系。
He_had_no_mobile_phone_or_other_means_to_get_in_touch_with_his_parents.
⑤(2010·安徽高考书面表达)我需要手机与我的朋友和家人保持联系。
I_need_a_cell_phone_to_keep_in_touch_with_my_friends_and_family.
2．rid ... of ...使……免除……；使……摆脱……
[记牢]
rid oneself of ...　　　　　　 使某人自己摆脱……
be rid of ... 摆脱……
get rid of ... 摆脱/扔掉/辞掉……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back.
②Why couldn't he ever rid himself (he) of those thoughts, those worries?
一句多译
作为一名学生，你应该改掉你的坏习惯。
③As a student, you should rid_yourself_of the bad habits.
④As a student, you should be/get_rid_of the bad habits.
[写美]
⑤(2014·安徽高考书面表达)其次，和朋友一起去户外做一些团队游戏，这是一个使你摆脱愤怒的有效方法。
Second,_go_outdoors_and_play_team_games_with_your_friends,_which_is_an_effective_way_to_get_rid_of_your_anger.
[句式集释]
1．状语从句的省略
[教材原句]　When_asked later what the call was about, your friend always answers，‘Oh, nothing really.’
[悟拓展例句]
(1)When_asked where she was from, the little girl was only crying, saying nothing.
当被问及她来自哪里的时候，小女孩只是哭，什么也没有说。
(2)Work_hard_when_young,_or you'll regret.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
(3)When_telephoning London numbers from abroad, dial 1, not 01.
从国外往伦敦打电话时，要拨1，不要拨01。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
具备下列条件之一时，时间、条件、让步、比较、方式状语从句常省略从句的主语和be：
(1)从句的主语是it且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式。
(2)从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)When told you are interested in Tang poems, I am very delighted.(开头句)
(2)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings when going shopping.(要点句)
2．so＋adj.＋as to ...
[教材原句]　If the call was really about ‘nothing’， then why was it so_important_as_to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time?
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The girl was so_excited_as_to shout herself hoarse.
那个女孩是那么地兴奋， 以至于嗓子都喊哑了。
(2)Sometimes my friend goes to the library so_as_to_borrow books.
我朋友有时去图书馆为的是借书。
[析用法规则]
用法
归纳
(1)so＋adj./adv.＋as to ...意为“如此……以至于……”，表示结果。
(2)so as to意为“为了；以便”，表示目的，不能放在句首，可与in order to互换。
注意
事项
so ...as to ...的否定式为so ...as not to ..., so as to ...的否定式为so as not to ...。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·北京高考满分作文)The video was so perfect as to be well received.The students and teachers shared a great time.(要点句)
(2)(2011·江苏高考满分作文)When we misunderstand someone we know, even not intentionally, we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
keep in touch with, on sale, answer for, contribute to, for good measure, keep pace with, focus on, be absorbed in
1．The latest model of this washer is now on_sale in your shops.
2．He rather than you should answer_for the accident because of careless driving.
3．I like sports and outdoor activities.For_good_measure,_I'm easy to get along with and I like to make friends.
4．Their inventions have contributed_to the development of electrical engineering.
5．Now we can use the Internet to keep_in_touch_with each other.
6．Increases in home prices should typically keep_pace_with increases in wages.
7．As John was_absorbed_in painting, he didn't notice evening approaching.
8．College is when we should focus_on a specific major, but high school is when we have to figure it out.
Ⅱ.句式升级
1．He was happy and wanted to make everyone know it.
→He_was_so_happy_as_to_want_to_make_everyone_know_it. (so ... as to)
2．You should stay where you are, unless you are asked to leave.
→You_should_stay_where_you_are,_unless_asked_to_leave. (状语从句的省略)
3．They didn't begin the test until the professor came.
→It_was_not_until_the_professor_came_that_they_began_the_test. (强调句型)
Ⅲ.分步写作
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Lisa将于2022年来中国参加冬奥会，她来信向你咨询如何提高汉语水平，请你用英语给她写一封回信，提出建议并说明理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．信中不能出现与本人相关的信息。
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于建议信，时态为一般现在时，人称以第一、二人称为主。文章应从以下三方面进行构思：回应对方的来信→提出建议→作出总结并表示祝愿。写作的重难点在第二层次，应联系实际给出具体的建议。
要点1－①：回应对方来信：得知你要来中国我非常高兴。(more than delighted)
I'm_more_than_delighted_to_learn_that_you_will_come_to_China.
要点1－②：点出写信目的：为了提高你的汉语水平，我想给你一些建议。(suggestion)
I_want_to_give_you_some_suggestions_to_improve_your_Chinese.
要点2－①：日常生活中多交中国朋友。(make friends)
Make_more_Chinese_friends_in_your_daily_life.
要点2－②：听中文歌曲和看中文电影也是很好的方式。(way)
Listening_to_Chinese_songs_and_watching_Chinese_movies_are_also_good_ways.
要点2－③：我们可以用中文写信来保持联系。(keep in touch with)
We_can_keep_in_touch_with_each_other_by_writing_letters_in_Chinese.
要点3：我希望你会觉得这些建议对你有益，并祝你的汉语水平得到大幅度提升。(beneficial)
I_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_beneficial_and_make_great_progress_in_Chinese.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼

为使内容更加充实，我们需要对要点进行适当的补充，增加一些细节。例如，要点1，可具体化对方来中国的缘由，另外，宜用委婉的语气提出自己的建议。要点2，补充每一项建议提出的理由，使之更具有说服力。
拓展1－①：得知你要来中国参加2022年冬奥会，我很高兴。(现在分词作状语)
Learning_that_you_will_come_to_China_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympic_Games,_I'm_more_than_delighted.
拓展1－②：关于如何提高你的汉语水平，我想给你一些建议。(as for, would like to)
As_for_how_to_improve_your_Chinese,_I'd_like_to_give_you_some_suggestions.
拓展2－①：日常生活中多交中国朋友，你可以和他们一起练习中文口语。(with whom引导的定语从句， practice)
Make_more_Chinese_friends_in_your_daily_life,_with_whom_you_can_practice_your_spoken_Chinese.
拓展2－②：听中文歌曲和看中文电影也是很好的帮你开阔视野、更好地理解中文的方式。(which引导的定语从句， broaden, gain)
Listening_to_Chinese_songs_and_watching_Chinese_movies_are_also_good_ways,_which_can_help_you_broaden_your_horizons_and_gain_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese.
拓展2－③：我们可以用中文写信来保持联系，这对你的中文写作很有益。(现在分词作状语， benefit)
We_can_keep_in_touch_with_each_other_by_writing_letters_in_Chinese,_benefiting_your_writing_level.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文为建议信，可用陈述建议时常用的衔接词：to begin with, what's more, last but not least, mainly等进行衔接，使文章层层展开，逻辑分明。
Dear_Lisa，
Learning_that_you_will_come_to_China_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympic_Games,_I'm_more_than_delighted._As_for_how_to_improve_your_Chinese,_I'd_like_to_give_you_some_suggestions.
To_begin_with,_make_more_Chinese_friends_in_your_daily_life,_with_whom_you_can_practice_your_spoken_Chinese._What's_more,_listening_to_Chinese_songs_and_watching_Chinese_movies_are_also_good_ways,_which_can_help_you_broaden_your_horizons_and_gain_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese._Last_but_not_least,_we_can_keep_in_touch_with_each_other_by_writing_letters_in_Chinese,_mainly_benefiting_your_writing_level.
I_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_beneficial_and_make_great_progress_in_Chinese.
Yours,_
Li_Hua


理清句间结构之(三)　转折
句间的转折处也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，作者经常通过先抑后扬的方法在转折词之后才明确提出自己的观点。转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，考生最好能作上标记以方便做题时查找。一些明显的转折词包括but, however, on the contrary, yet (句首), still (句首), as a matter of fact, in fact, instead, nevertheless, while等。
[高考典例1]　2013·湖北卷·完形填空
The house came 45(alive) the next few days.Zigfried 46(enjoyed) every single hour of them. __47__， the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a 48(satisfied) smile at the door of his home, he heard the 49(discussion) of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas. What? A cat? The 50(smile) froze on his face ...
47．A.However　　　　　　　 B．Instead
C．Moreover D．Therefore
[分析]　从47空前后文的关系来看，此处表示转折关系，故用however。
[高考典例2]　2014·山东卷·完形填空
But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had34(applied_for) a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was__35__.
35．A.punished B．refused
C．blamed D．fired
[分析]　由转折词but可知她曾申请行医执照，但是被拒绝了。故选B项。
[高考典例3]　2015·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五
You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. __40__ Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A．Learn to really trust yourself.
B．It is putting confidence in someone.
C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.
[分析]　空格的上文指出要看到生活中积极的一面。下文中的Instead一词说明空格和下文存在着行文逆转，即转折关系。分析七个选项，只有G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)合适。
[高考典例4]　2013·浙江卷·B篇
Which works harder, your heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Q：Which of the following statements about our brain is TRUE?
A．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
[分析]　本题是在转折处设题。本段的小标题：心脏和大脑，谁的工作强度大？对于此问题的解释是要看你是在思考还是在锻炼。本段前面指出，在进行体育锻炼时，心脏的工作强度大。接着通过转折句(But, in the long run ...)指出从长远来看，大脑的工作强度比心脏的工作强度大。故选A。