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2020版一轮复习英语新课改人教版学案：选修7Unit3Underthesea
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(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．anecdote n． 轶事；奇闻
2．shore n. 岸；海滨
3．dimension n. 维(数)；方面；侧面
4．telescope n. 望远镜
5．tide n. 潮(汐)；潮水；潮流
6．flashlight n. 闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯
7．grey adj.&n. 灰色(的)
8．steep adj. 陡峭的
9．Antarctic adj. 南极的
10．suck vt.& vi. 吮吸
11．seal n. 海豹；封条；印章
12．boundary n. 界限；分界线
13．awesome adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的
14．pension n. 养老金；退休金
15．meantime adv. 其间；同时
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．seaside n．&adj. 海边(的)；海滨(的)
2．yell vi. 大叫；呼喊
n. 叫声；喊声
3．flee vi. 逃避；逃跑
vt. 逃离
4．jog vi. 慢跑
vt. 轻推；轻撞
5．pause vi.&n. 暂停；中止
6．drag vt. 拖；拉；扯
7．target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象
8．opposite prep. 在……对面
adj. 相对的；相反的
9．annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的
n. 年刊；年鉴
10．witness vt. 当 场见到；目击；见证
n. 目 击者；证人；证据
[纵联1] 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
12．dive vi.&n. 跳水(的动作)；
潜水(的动作)；俯冲
13．teamwork n. 协作；配合；合作
14．pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的
[纵联2] 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的
16．shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的
17．neat adj. 好的；整齐的；匀称的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．accommodation n．住所；住宿→accommodate vt.提供住宿
2．depth n．深(度)；深处→deep adj.&adv.深的(地)→deeply adv.深深地→deepen v．使加深；使强烈；变深[纵联3]
3．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；迫切的
4．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
5．relationship n．关系；血缘关系；交往→relate v．使有联系；叙述；涉及→related adj.有关系的；有关联的→relation n．关系；叙述
6．conservation n．保存；保护→conserve v．保存[纵联4]
7．reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考→reflection n．反射；反映；映像
8．aware adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness n．意识；觉悟；认识
9．sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen v．削尖；磨快；尖锐；变锋利→sharpener n．磨削的工具→sharply adv.急剧地；鲜明地；严厉地
10．tasty adj.好吃的；可口的→taste n．味道 v．品尝→tasteless adj.无味的
11．scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的；可怕的
纵联1.“viv/vit(生命)”育生机
①vivid adj.生动的 ②revive vt.复活
③revival n．复活 ④survive v．存活；幸存
⑤survival n．存活；幸存 ⑥vital adj.充满生机的
纵联2.你不可不知道的“rrow”
①narrow adj.狭窄的 ②arrow n．箭头
③borrow v．借 ④sorrow n．悲伤
⑤sparrow n．麻雀 ⑥tomorrow n．明天
纵联3.“形容词和副词”同形的词
①deep adj.深的
adv.在深处
②close adj.亲密的
adv.紧密地
③fast adj.快的
adv.迅速地
④direct adj. 直接的
adv.直接地
⑤easy adj.容易的
adv.从容地
纵联4.好好“保护”
①conserve v．保存 ②conservation n．保护；保存
③protect v．保护 ④protection n．保护
⑤preserve v．保护；保存 ⑥reserve n．保护区
单元话题——海底世界
子话题1 海洋世界
①ocean/sea n．海洋 ②beach n．海滩
③wave n．海浪 ④bay n．海湾
⑤channel n．海峡 ⑥sand n．沙滩
⑦island n．岛 ⑧harbour n．港湾
⑨seashore n．海岸 ⑩coast n．海滨
子话题2 海洋生物
①seaweed n．海草 ②dolphin n．海豚
③starfish n．海星 ④coral n．珊瑚
⑤whale n．鲸鱼 ⑥shark n．鲨鱼
⑦seashell n．海贝 ⑧sea horse海马
⑨turtle n．海龟 ⑩gull n．海鸥
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2018·天津高考阅读D)Give yourself a test.Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as ❶ as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.Curiosity gave us all a natural ❷ (aware)．
①选词填空：__B__
A．shape B．sharp C．shallow
sharp是一个多义词，在此处意为灵敏的。它还可意为“锋利的；急转的；骤然的”
②用aware的适当形式填空：awareness
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops❶， what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection❷.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in ❸ (relation) of people with different amounts of power.
①写出加彩单词在本单元的近义词：pause
②写出reflection在句中的含义：思考，在本单元的同根动词为：reflect
③用relation的适当形式填空：relationships
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部由我们的老师和我们高中学生制作的电影很生动，也见证了我们学校的辉煌。(vivid, witness)
Produced_by_our_teachers_and_us_senior_students,_the_movie_is_vivid_and_witnesses_the_glory_of_our_school_as_well.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)值得一提的是，我们的排球队在全国中学排球比赛中两次获得年度冠军，这是我们强大的团队合作的结果。(annual, teamwork)
_It_is_worth_mentioning_that_our_volleyball_team_won_the_annual_championship_twice_in_national_middle_school_volleyball_matches,_which_results_from_our_powerful_teamwork.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．witness vt.当场见到；目击；见证vi.为……作证(to) n．目击者；证人；证据
[辨清] 写出witness在句中的词性和含义
①Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. vt.目击
②(2017·江苏高考)As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its workingage population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. vt.见证
③The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. n．目击者；证人
[记牢]
(1)witness sth./that ... 目击……
witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事
(2)a witness of/to sth.…… 的目击者/见证人/证明/证据
[练通]
单句语法填空
④History has_witnessed (witness) the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world in the past few centuries.
⑤What the police did first was to question all the witnesses (witness) involved in the accident last week.
⑥These facts are a witness to his ignorance.
[写美] 句式升级
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)We all had a really enjoyable time in the tea house.(witness v．)
→The tea house witnessed_a_really_enjoyable_time for all of us.
2．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策n.强烈的欲望；冲动
[记牢]
(1)urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge/it is urged that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张……
(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的；急迫的
urgently adv. 紧急地
urgency n. 紧急；催促
[练通] 单句语法填空
①(2016·江苏高考)Parents should actively urge their children to_take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I never felt_an_urge to learn any sign language before.
③I make an urgent (urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
④It is strongly urged by students that the library (should)_be_kept (keep) open during the weekend.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2016·江苏高考书面表达)人们不仅在网上给自己投票，而且也催促别人给像“最美教师”和“最可爱的宝宝”这样的比赛投票。
People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge_others_to_vote_for_competitions like the“Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．
3．abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃；中止；使放纵n.放任；放纵
[记牢]
(1)abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于……
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
(2)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to 沉湎于……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money.
②Soon they reached an abandoned (abandon) temple, where there once lived an old monk.
句型转换
③Without worrying about anything, she abandoned herself to a life of pleasure.
→Without worrying about anything, she was_abandoned_to a life of pleasure.
[写美] 翻译句子
④我正要放弃希望，就在这时，我的爸爸过来鼓励我要继续下去。
I was about to abandon hope when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
4．reflect vt.映射；反射；反映；思考vi.思考
[记牢]
(1)reflect ...in ... 在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事
(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思
on reflection 再三考虑
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It seems beautiful that the tall buildings are_reflected (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees.
②Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection (reflect) of his family relationship and growth environment.
句型转换
③There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon which is reflected in the picture.
→There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon reflected_in_the_picture.(分词作定语)
④When she reflected on her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.
→Reflecting_on_her_volunteer_experience,_Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.(分词作状语)
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2015·福建高考书面表达)重要的不是故事本身，而是故事中反应的道理。
It is not the story itself but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is the custom of this academy to make an annual (每年的) award for outstanding researchers in chemistry.
2．His good health is a witness (证据) to the success of the treatment.
3．Scientific studies have shown that making a habit of pausing (暂停) before you do something can actually have a big impact on how your life turns out.
4．In that country, people who talk too loudly on their mobile phones or eat smelly foods will face being dragged (拖；拉) off the underground train and handed D|S650 fines.
5．I would like to set a new target (目标) for my studies after I enter my ideal college.
6．Day in and day out, Rose, a_neat (整洁的), welldressed, darkhaired young woman carries out her work at an office in a business park near Cambridge.
7．Opposite (对面的) to the lecture hall is the art center, where there are many Chinese and foreign famous paintings.
8．The picture vividly (生动地) describes a very common phenomenon in our society.
9．The weather was too hot, so I ran towards the seaside and dived (潜水) into the cool water.
10．Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork (协作) is the most important for me.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He described what he_had_witnessed (witness) in China，which aroused much interest among his countrymen.
2．When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected (reflect) my interest.
3．This morning I received a telephone call from my dentist, urging me to_come (come) to his practice for immediate treatment of my teeth.
4．I wish that sports day could be_abandoned (abandon) and replaced with some other less competitive events.
5．Only when everyone has the environmental awareness (aware) can we have cleaner air.
6．The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with a few short pauses (pause) in between.
7．To everyone's surprise, the CEO fled (flee) to the US, leaving his company in a mess.
8．I was too scared (scare) to go into the water even though they tried to persuade me several times.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。(reflect)
You should set aside some time to_reflect_on/upon_your_successes_and_failures.
2．没意识到保护环境的重要性是造成他们污染这条河流的原因。(aware)
Not_being_aware_of_the_importance_of_protecting_the_environment accounts for their polluting the river.
3．感到无比沮丧，他让自己沉浸在伤感的音乐中。(abandon)
Feeling frustrated, he abandoned_himself_to_sad_music.
4．为了规范圈养动物的放生，政府制定了野生动物保护法。(conservation)
In order to regulate the release of captive animals, the government made_the_law_on_wildlife_conservation.
5．我极力主张他们制定一个规则，希望他们通过相互帮助广交朋友、学习更多知识。(urge)
I urge_them_to_make_a_rule,_hoping that they will make more friends and learn more knowledge by helping each other.
Ⅳ.语境辨义
根据语境选出形容词sharp的词义
(A)急转弯的 (B)急剧的 (C)灵敏的；机智的
(D)锋利的 (E)尖刻的
1．Nowadays, there is a sharp increase in children's creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.__B__
2．I dislike the man; he has such a sharp tongue.__E__
3．I cut my foot on a sharp knife.__D__
4．You make a sharp right turn at the crossroads.__A__
5．As far as I know, he has a sharp mind.__C__
(一)课前自主学习
[串记1] 瞄准；力求达到
2．Ahead of 优于；在……前面
3．get_close_to 靠近；接近
4．hear_of 听说
5．(be)_scared_to_death 吓死了
6．upside_down 上下翻转
7．in_the_meantime 在此期间；与此同时
[串记2] 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
9．hold_up 举起；阻挡；使延误
10．be/become_aware_of 对……知道、明白；意识到……
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“v.＋at”短语荟萃
①aim at瞄准 ②point at指向
③arrive at到达 ④laugh at嘲笑
⑤knock at敲(门、窗等) ⑥call at 拜访某地
⑦stare at 凝视 ⑧glare at怒目而视
串记2.“动词＋out”短语专辑
①help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境
②work out 解决；算出；锻炼
③figure out 解决；算出
④find out 查明；弄清楚
⑤try out 试用；试验
⑥pick out 挑出；辨别出
⑦give out 分发；耗尽；用光
⑧run out 用光；耗尽
⑨carry out 实行；实施
⑩turn out 结果是；生产
1．at the_beginning of the 20th century 在20世纪初期
2．witness it with one's own eyes 亲眼目睹
3．sort out one's accommodation 整理某人的住宿
4．run down to the shore 跑到海边
5．crash down 坠落
6．the vivid colours 鲜艳的色彩
7．in the warm night air 在温暖的夜空下
8．beat widely 急剧地跳动着
1．It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
2．This was the call that announced there was_about_to_be a whale hunt.
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
3．As we drew closer, I could_see_a_whale_being_attacked_by a pack of about six other killers.
随着我们的逼近，我能看见一条鲸鱼正在被其他六条虎鲸袭击。
4．I'm sitting in the warm night air with_a_cold_drink_in_my_hand and reflecting on the day — a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！
5．The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的短语(补全句子/词汇升级)
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard_of (听说) Rachel Carson.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.(用本单元的短语替换加彩词)became_aware_of
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你最好练习用筷子，或者让他们提前知道你需要叉子或勺子。
And you'd better practice using chopsticks or let them know ahead_of_time_that you need a fork or spoon.
2．(2015·四川高考书面表达)我从你的帖子中了解到，你在提高普通话方面有困难。我愿意帮助你。
I learned from your post that you have trouble improving your Mandarin.I am willing to_help_you_out.
3．(2014·山东高考写作)正如一句谚语所说，有志者，事竟成。我们的心中有了强烈的信念，我们就一定会为此而奋斗，然后终有一天，我们的努力会有回报。(where引导地点状语从句，with复合结构)
As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way.With a strong will in our heart, we are bound to struggle for it and our efforts will pay off one day.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助
[记牢]
(1)help sb.with/(to) do sth. 帮助某人某事/做某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事
help yourself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(吃/用……)
(2)with the help of sb.＝with one's help 在某人的帮助下
be of help to＝be helpful to/for 对……有帮助
[练通] 单句语法填空
①I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parents with the housework.
②We think this is the opportunity for us youth to contribute to helping the victims out.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I told the story to the class.As sad as it was, I couldn't help smiling (smile)．
[写美] 一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)希望这些建议对你有所帮助。
④Hopefully,_these_suggestions_would_be_helpful_to/for_you.
⑤Hopefully,_these_suggestions_would_be_of_help_to_you.
2．be/become aware of 对……知道、明白；意识到……
[记牢]
(1)be aware that ... 意识到/体会到……
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识；觉悟
develop an awareness of 逐渐懂得；培养……的意识
raise an awareness of 提高……意识
[练通] 单句语法填空
①Learning English not only increases my awareness (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to communicate with Englishspeaking people and to make more new friends.
②In my opinion, it's very important to develop an awareness of health now.
③I would like to speak for pandas so that I can learn more about how to protect them and raise people's awareness of animal protection.
[写美] 补全句子
④作为社会的一员，我意识到有责任感是建设一个更好的社会所需要的。
As a member of society, I am_aware_that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
[句式集释]
1．分词作宾语补足语
[教材原句] As we drew closer, I could_see_a whale_being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)(2015·浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being_performed (perform) live is quite another.
(2)Listen! Do you hear someone calling (call) for help?
(3)I was sleeping when I heard my name_shouted (shout)．
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)being done表示“正在被……”，它可以作宾语补足语，表示被动和进行。
(2)除了being done可以作宾补之外，doing(现在分词)和done(过去分词)也可以作宾补。doing作宾补，表示动作为主动进行；done作宾补表示被动完成。
注意事项
being done除了作宾语补足语表示被动和正在进行外，还有以下句法功能：(1)作后置定语，表示被动和正在进行；(2)作宾语，表示被动；(3)作主语，表示被动。
[背写作佳句]
(1)They went off together and left me sitting there.(要点句)
(2)(2017·北京高考书面表达)Several days later, when we had the video being played on the graduation ceremony, the audience burst into applause, which surely gave us a great sense of achievement.(要点句)
2．where ..., there be ... “在……的地方，有……”
[教材原句] The water was quite shallow but_where the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)We live where the road crosses the river.
我们住在河流与街道交叉的地方。
(2)As far as I'm concerned, you are free to go wherever you like.就我个人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
where ..., there be ...，意为“在……的地方，有……”， where引导地点状语从句。另外 wherever“无论什么地方，无论在何处”也可引导地点状语从句。
注意事项
where在句中引导地点状语从句时，很容易和引导定语从句相混淆，区别的关键在于where前面是否有需要修饰的先行词。High buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago.(状语从句) High buildings have arisen in the place where there was nothing a year ago.(定语从句，先行词为the place)
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2016·江苏高考书面表达) Where we see competitions, there are online votes.(开头句)
(2)(2017·6月浙江高考写作)We are going to meet at the school gate at 7 a．m.and cycle to the nearby mountain, where we can go hiking and enjoy a picnic.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
become aware of， in the meantime， help out， upside down， ahead of， hold up， be scared to death， get close to
1．The reason is that more and more people are eager to get_close_to nature.
2．I know he is a little selfish; in_the_meantime,_I must admit he is a good worker.
3．From now on, don't take me to watch horrible movies.I was_scared_to_death last night.
4．The building work has been held_up by the bad weather.
5．To look for his lost magazine, the man turned the whole room upside_down.
6．There were still four people ahead_of me in the long queue.
7．In my opinion, we should make everyone become_aware_of the importance and urgency of protecting the environment.
8．A good dictionary will help_out in one's reading.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．我们正在接近一个时代，那时机器很可能在很多领域要比人聪明。(a time when)
We are approaching a time when machines will be probably clever than humans in many fields.
2．请记住：哪里有问题，哪里就有解决办法。(where ..., there be ...)
Remember that where_there_is_a_problem,_there_is_always_a_solution.
3．随着圣诞节的来临，我们发现很多人都在忙着购物。(with复合结构)
With_Christmas_drawing_closer,_we found many people busy in shopping.
4．当我打开门时，我发现我们的数学老师正被一群好奇的孩子们围着。(分词作宾语补足语)
When I opened the door，I found our maths teacher being surrounded by a group of curious kids.
5．然而，当音乐会即将开始时，一件意想不到的事情发生了。(be about to)
However, an unexpected thing happened when the_concert_was_about_to_start.
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
I talk a lot to myself. It helps me to keep my concentration on the activity in hand, makes me focus more on my studies, and gives me some pretty brilliant ideas while talking to myself; more importantly, I produce better works. Do you talk to yourself? Don't get embarrassed at admitting it because science has discovered that those who talk to themselves are actually geniuses but not crazies!
Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment in a supermarket where 20 volunteers were shown objects, and were asked to remember them. Half of them were told to repeat the objects, for example, bananas, and the other half remained silent. In the end, the result showed that selfdirected speech aided people to find the objects faster, compared with the silent ones.
“I often talk to myself when searching for something in the refrigerator or on the supermarket shelves，” said Gary Lupyan. This personal experience actually made him conduct this experiment. Lupyan, together with another psychologist, Daniel Swigley, came up with the outcome that those who talk to themselves are geniuses. Here are the reasons：
When you are talking to yourself, your sensory mechanism gets activated. It gets easier on your memory since you can visualise (使……具体化) the word, and you can act accordingly.
Every one of us tends to have various types of thoughts. Most make sense, while the others don't. Suppose you are furious at someone and you feel like killing that person. Now for this issue you won't run to a doctor, will you? No, what you do is lock yourself in a room and mutter to yourself. You are letting go off the anger by talking to yourself about the pros and cons of killing that person, and eventually you calm down. This is a silly thought that you have and are unable to share it with any other person. Psychologist Linda Sapadin said, “It helps you clarify your thoughts, tend to what's important and firm up any decision you are thinking about.”
[写作步骤]
第一步：归纳主旨大意
主旨大意：本篇为说明文。文章的主题是“自言自语的人是天才”。
短文结构分析：全文分为三个部分。
第一部分(第一段)：为导入段，引出自言自语不是问题，事实上自言自语的人是天才；
第二部分(第二、三段)：实验研究的情况；
第三部分(第四、五段)：说明了自言自语的优点——有助于刺激记忆力，使头脑清晰。
第二步：提炼关键词
Part 1：
1.I talk_a_lot_to_myself. It helps me to keep_my_concentration_on_the_activity in hand.
2．Those who talk_to_themselves are actually geniuses but not crazies！
Part 2：
3.Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted_an_experiment in a supermarket where 20 volunteers were shown objects, and were asked to remember them.
4．Lupyan, together with another psychologist, Daniel Swigley, came up with the outcome that those who_talk_to_themselves_are_geniuses.
Part 3：
5.When you are talking to yourself, your sensory mechanism gets_activated. It gets easier on your memory since you can visualise the word.
6．It helps you clarify_your_thoughts.
第三步：合并和改写
1．要点1和2
合并：Talking a lot to oneself helps one focus on the activity in hand and people who like to talk to themselves are supposed to be geniuses.
改写：Talking a lot to oneself helps one focus on what_he_is_doing and people who have_this_habit are actually geniuses.
2．要点3和4
合并：Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment about it and he, together with another psychologist, Daniel Swigley, concluded that those who talk to themselves are geniuses.
改写：Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment about it and he and psychologist Daniel Swigley concluded it's_true.
3．要点5和6
合并：When you are talking to yourself, your memory can be stimulated and it helps you clarify your thoughts.
改写：Talking_to_yourself does good as follows: on the one hand, it stimulates your memory; on_the_other_hand,_it helps you clarify your thoughts.
第四步：核查成文
核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词；核查标点和语法；核查词数。最终成文如下：
Talking a lot to oneself helps one focus on what he is doing and people who have this habit are actually geniuses. (要点1)Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment about it and he and psychologist Daniel Swigley concluded it's true. (要点2)The experiment showed that talking to yourself does good as follows: on the one hand, it stimulates your memory; on the other hand, it helps you clarify your thoughts.(要点3)
理清句间结构之(十) 指代
为了简洁明了地表达事物及其逻辑关系，作者常会利用各种代词、名词来代替前面提到过的人、物或事。当指代词前后的句子结构比较复杂、指代词与其代替的人、物或事相隔较远或指代词周围出现多个事物时，这种指代关系往往不容易一下区分清楚，因而常常受到命题人的青睐。
[高考典例1] 2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五
Color is fundamental in home design — something you'll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36_B(Whatever_you're_looking_for),_color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. __37__， they can get a little complex. But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
A．While all of them are useful
B．Whatever you're looking for
C．If you're experimenting with a color
D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
[分析] 空格后的“they”指代上文中的“a number of different techniques”，且与A项中的“all of them”相呼应，故A项符合语境。
[高考典例2] 2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇
[2]Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
[3]It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
Q: What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
[分析] 第二段介绍了爵士乐不受年轻人喜欢。第三段首句承接上文，介绍了Jason Moran帮助改变这个状况，故画线词that指代上段的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量不断减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。
[高考典例3] 2017·全国卷Ⅰ·D篇
[2]To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the_water_catcher's productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Q: What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The tube. B．The still.
C．The hole. D．The cup.
[分析] 根据选段第一句“To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.”可知，画线部分the water catcher指代前句中的a working still，即自制的太阳能蒸馏器。故选B。
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．anecdote n． 轶事；奇闻
2．shore n. 岸；海滨
3．dimension n. 维(数)；方面；侧面
4．telescope n. 望远镜
5．tide n. 潮(汐)；潮水；潮流
6．flashlight n. 闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯
7．grey adj.&n. 灰色(的)
8．steep adj. 陡峭的
9．Antarctic adj. 南极的
10．suck vt.& vi. 吮吸
11．seal n. 海豹；封条；印章
12．boundary n. 界限；分界线
13．awesome adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的
14．pension n. 养老金；退休金
15．meantime adv. 其间；同时
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．seaside n．&adj. 海边(的)；海滨(的)
2．yell vi. 大叫；呼喊
n. 叫声；喊声
3．flee vi. 逃避；逃跑
vt. 逃离
4．jog vi. 慢跑
vt. 轻推；轻撞
5．pause vi.&n. 暂停；中止
6．drag vt. 拖；拉；扯
7．target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象
8．opposite prep. 在……对面
adj. 相对的；相反的
9．annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的
n. 年刊；年鉴
10．witness vt. 当 场见到；目击；见证
n. 目 击者；证人；证据
[纵联1] 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
12．dive vi.&n. 跳水(的动作)；
潜水(的动作)；俯冲
13．teamwork n. 协作；配合；合作
14．pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的
[纵联2] 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的
16．shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的
17．neat adj. 好的；整齐的；匀称的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．accommodation n．住所；住宿→accommodate vt.提供住宿
2．depth n．深(度)；深处→deep adj.&adv.深的(地)→deeply adv.深深地→deepen v．使加深；使强烈；变深[纵联3]
3．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；迫切的
4．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
5．relationship n．关系；血缘关系；交往→relate v．使有联系；叙述；涉及→related adj.有关系的；有关联的→relation n．关系；叙述
6．conservation n．保存；保护→conserve v．保存[纵联4]
7．reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考→reflection n．反射；反映；映像
8．aware adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness n．意识；觉悟；认识
9．sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen v．削尖；磨快；尖锐；变锋利→sharpener n．磨削的工具→sharply adv.急剧地；鲜明地；严厉地
10．tasty adj.好吃的；可口的→taste n．味道 v．品尝→tasteless adj.无味的
11．scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的；可怕的
纵联1.“viv/vit(生命)”育生机
①vivid adj.生动的 ②revive vt.复活
③revival n．复活 ④survive v．存活；幸存
⑤survival n．存活；幸存 ⑥vital adj.充满生机的
纵联2.你不可不知道的“rrow”
①narrow adj.狭窄的 ②arrow n．箭头
③borrow v．借 ④sorrow n．悲伤
⑤sparrow n．麻雀 ⑥tomorrow n．明天
纵联3.“形容词和副词”同形的词
①deep adj.深的
adv.在深处
②close adj.亲密的
adv.紧密地
③fast adj.快的
adv.迅速地
④direct adj. 直接的
adv.直接地
⑤easy adj.容易的
adv.从容地
纵联4.好好“保护”
①conserve v．保存 ②conservation n．保护；保存
③protect v．保护 ④protection n．保护
⑤preserve v．保护；保存 ⑥reserve n．保护区
单元话题——海底世界
子话题1 海洋世界
①ocean/sea n．海洋 ②beach n．海滩
③wave n．海浪 ④bay n．海湾
⑤channel n．海峡 ⑥sand n．沙滩
⑦island n．岛 ⑧harbour n．港湾
⑨seashore n．海岸 ⑩coast n．海滨
子话题2 海洋生物
①seaweed n．海草 ②dolphin n．海豚
③starfish n．海星 ④coral n．珊瑚
⑤whale n．鲸鱼 ⑥shark n．鲨鱼
⑦seashell n．海贝 ⑧sea horse海马
⑨turtle n．海龟 ⑩gull n．海鸥
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2018·天津高考阅读D)Give yourself a test.Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as ❶ as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.Curiosity gave us all a natural ❷ (aware)．
①选词填空：__B__
A．shape B．sharp C．shallow
sharp是一个多义词，在此处意为灵敏的。它还可意为“锋利的；急转的；骤然的”
②用aware的适当形式填空：awareness
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops❶， what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection❷.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in ❸ (relation) of people with different amounts of power.
①写出加彩单词在本单元的近义词：pause
②写出reflection在句中的含义：思考，在本单元的同根动词为：reflect
③用relation的适当形式填空：relationships
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部由我们的老师和我们高中学生制作的电影很生动，也见证了我们学校的辉煌。(vivid, witness)
Produced_by_our_teachers_and_us_senior_students,_the_movie_is_vivid_and_witnesses_the_glory_of_our_school_as_well.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)值得一提的是，我们的排球队在全国中学排球比赛中两次获得年度冠军，这是我们强大的团队合作的结果。(annual, teamwork)
_It_is_worth_mentioning_that_our_volleyball_team_won_the_annual_championship_twice_in_national_middle_school_volleyball_matches,_which_results_from_our_powerful_teamwork.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．witness vt.当场见到；目击；见证vi.为……作证(to) n．目击者；证人；证据
[辨清] 写出witness在句中的词性和含义
①Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. vt.目击
②(2017·江苏高考)As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its workingage population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. vt.见证
③The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. n．目击者；证人
[记牢]
(1)witness sth./that ... 目击……
witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事
(2)a witness of/to sth.…… 的目击者/见证人/证明/证据
[练通]
单句语法填空
④History has_witnessed (witness) the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world in the past few centuries.
⑤What the police did first was to question all the witnesses (witness) involved in the accident last week.
⑥These facts are a witness to his ignorance.
[写美] 句式升级
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)We all had a really enjoyable time in the tea house.(witness v．)
→The tea house witnessed_a_really_enjoyable_time for all of us.
2．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策n.强烈的欲望；冲动
[记牢]
(1)urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge/it is urged that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张……
(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的；急迫的
urgently adv. 紧急地
urgency n. 紧急；催促
[练通] 单句语法填空
①(2016·江苏高考)Parents should actively urge their children to_take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I never felt_an_urge to learn any sign language before.
③I make an urgent (urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
④It is strongly urged by students that the library (should)_be_kept (keep) open during the weekend.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2016·江苏高考书面表达)人们不仅在网上给自己投票，而且也催促别人给像“最美教师”和“最可爱的宝宝”这样的比赛投票。
People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge_others_to_vote_for_competitions like the“Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．
3．abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃；中止；使放纵n.放任；放纵
[记牢]
(1)abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于……
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
(2)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to 沉湎于……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money.
②Soon they reached an abandoned (abandon) temple, where there once lived an old monk.
句型转换
③Without worrying about anything, she abandoned herself to a life of pleasure.
→Without worrying about anything, she was_abandoned_to a life of pleasure.
[写美] 翻译句子
④我正要放弃希望，就在这时，我的爸爸过来鼓励我要继续下去。
I was about to abandon hope when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
4．reflect vt.映射；反射；反映；思考vi.思考
[记牢]
(1)reflect ...in ... 在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
reflect on/upon sth. 反省/认真思考某事
(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思
on reflection 再三考虑
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It seems beautiful that the tall buildings are_reflected (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees.
②Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection (reflect) of his family relationship and growth environment.
句型转换
③There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon which is reflected in the picture.
→There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon reflected_in_the_picture.(分词作定语)
④When she reflected on her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.
→Reflecting_on_her_volunteer_experience,_Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.(分词作状语)
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2015·福建高考书面表达)重要的不是故事本身，而是故事中反应的道理。
It is not the story itself but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is the custom of this academy to make an annual (每年的) award for outstanding researchers in chemistry.
2．His good health is a witness (证据) to the success of the treatment.
3．Scientific studies have shown that making a habit of pausing (暂停) before you do something can actually have a big impact on how your life turns out.
4．In that country, people who talk too loudly on their mobile phones or eat smelly foods will face being dragged (拖；拉) off the underground train and handed D|S650 fines.
5．I would like to set a new target (目标) for my studies after I enter my ideal college.
6．Day in and day out, Rose, a_neat (整洁的), welldressed, darkhaired young woman carries out her work at an office in a business park near Cambridge.
7．Opposite (对面的) to the lecture hall is the art center, where there are many Chinese and foreign famous paintings.
8．The picture vividly (生动地) describes a very common phenomenon in our society.
9．The weather was too hot, so I ran towards the seaside and dived (潜水) into the cool water.
10．Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork (协作) is the most important for me.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He described what he_had_witnessed (witness) in China，which aroused much interest among his countrymen.
2．When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected (reflect) my interest.
3．This morning I received a telephone call from my dentist, urging me to_come (come) to his practice for immediate treatment of my teeth.
4．I wish that sports day could be_abandoned (abandon) and replaced with some other less competitive events.
5．Only when everyone has the environmental awareness (aware) can we have cleaner air.
6．The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with a few short pauses (pause) in between.
7．To everyone's surprise, the CEO fled (flee) to the US, leaving his company in a mess.
8．I was too scared (scare) to go into the water even though they tried to persuade me several times.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．你应该留出时间反思你的成功和失败。(reflect)
You should set aside some time to_reflect_on/upon_your_successes_and_failures.
2．没意识到保护环境的重要性是造成他们污染这条河流的原因。(aware)
Not_being_aware_of_the_importance_of_protecting_the_environment accounts for their polluting the river.
3．感到无比沮丧，他让自己沉浸在伤感的音乐中。(abandon)
Feeling frustrated, he abandoned_himself_to_sad_music.
4．为了规范圈养动物的放生，政府制定了野生动物保护法。(conservation)
In order to regulate the release of captive animals, the government made_the_law_on_wildlife_conservation.
5．我极力主张他们制定一个规则，希望他们通过相互帮助广交朋友、学习更多知识。(urge)
I urge_them_to_make_a_rule,_hoping that they will make more friends and learn more knowledge by helping each other.
Ⅳ.语境辨义
根据语境选出形容词sharp的词义
(A)急转弯的 (B)急剧的 (C)灵敏的；机智的
(D)锋利的 (E)尖刻的
1．Nowadays, there is a sharp increase in children's creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.__B__
2．I dislike the man; he has such a sharp tongue.__E__
3．I cut my foot on a sharp knife.__D__
4．You make a sharp right turn at the crossroads.__A__
5．As far as I know, he has a sharp mind.__C__
(一)课前自主学习
[串记1] 瞄准；力求达到
2．Ahead of 优于；在……前面
3．get_close_to 靠近；接近
4．hear_of 听说
5．(be)_scared_to_death 吓死了
6．upside_down 上下翻转
7．in_the_meantime 在此期间；与此同时
[串记2] 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
9．hold_up 举起；阻挡；使延误
10．be/become_aware_of 对……知道、明白；意识到……
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“v.＋at”短语荟萃
①aim at瞄准 ②point at指向
③arrive at到达 ④laugh at嘲笑
⑤knock at敲(门、窗等) ⑥call at 拜访某地
⑦stare at 凝视 ⑧glare at怒目而视
串记2.“动词＋out”短语专辑
①help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境
②work out 解决；算出；锻炼
③figure out 解决；算出
④find out 查明；弄清楚
⑤try out 试用；试验
⑥pick out 挑出；辨别出
⑦give out 分发；耗尽；用光
⑧run out 用光；耗尽
⑨carry out 实行；实施
⑩turn out 结果是；生产
1．at the_beginning of the 20th century 在20世纪初期
2．witness it with one's own eyes 亲眼目睹
3．sort out one's accommodation 整理某人的住宿
4．run down to the shore 跑到海边
5．crash down 坠落
6．the vivid colours 鲜艳的色彩
7．in the warm night air 在温暖的夜空下
8．beat widely 急剧地跳动着
1．It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
2．This was the call that announced there was_about_to_be a whale hunt.
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
3．As we drew closer, I could_see_a_whale_being_attacked_by a pack of about six other killers.
随着我们的逼近，我能看见一条鲸鱼正在被其他六条虎鲸袭击。
4．I'm sitting in the warm night air with_a_cold_drink_in_my_hand and reflecting on the day — a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！
5．The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的短语(补全句子/词汇升级)
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard_of (听说) Rachel Carson.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.(用本单元的短语替换加彩词)became_aware_of
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你最好练习用筷子，或者让他们提前知道你需要叉子或勺子。
And you'd better practice using chopsticks or let them know ahead_of_time_that you need a fork or spoon.
2．(2015·四川高考书面表达)我从你的帖子中了解到，你在提高普通话方面有困难。我愿意帮助你。
I learned from your post that you have trouble improving your Mandarin.I am willing to_help_you_out.
3．(2014·山东高考写作)正如一句谚语所说，有志者，事竟成。我们的心中有了强烈的信念，我们就一定会为此而奋斗，然后终有一天，我们的努力会有回报。(where引导地点状语从句，with复合结构)
As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way.With a strong will in our heart, we are bound to struggle for it and our efforts will pay off one day.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助
[记牢]
(1)help sb.with/(to) do sth. 帮助某人某事/做某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事
help yourself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(吃/用……)
(2)with the help of sb.＝with one's help 在某人的帮助下
be of help to＝be helpful to/for 对……有帮助
[练通] 单句语法填空
①I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parents with the housework.
②We think this is the opportunity for us youth to contribute to helping the victims out.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I told the story to the class.As sad as it was, I couldn't help smiling (smile)．
[写美] 一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)希望这些建议对你有所帮助。
④Hopefully,_these_suggestions_would_be_helpful_to/for_you.
⑤Hopefully,_these_suggestions_would_be_of_help_to_you.
2．be/become aware of 对……知道、明白；意识到……
[记牢]
(1)be aware that ... 意识到/体会到……
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识；觉悟
develop an awareness of 逐渐懂得；培养……的意识
raise an awareness of 提高……意识
[练通] 单句语法填空
①Learning English not only increases my awareness (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to communicate with Englishspeaking people and to make more new friends.
②In my opinion, it's very important to develop an awareness of health now.
③I would like to speak for pandas so that I can learn more about how to protect them and raise people's awareness of animal protection.
[写美] 补全句子
④作为社会的一员，我意识到有责任感是建设一个更好的社会所需要的。
As a member of society, I am_aware_that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
[句式集释]
1．分词作宾语补足语
[教材原句] As we drew closer, I could_see_a whale_being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)(2015·浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being_performed (perform) live is quite another.
(2)Listen! Do you hear someone calling (call) for help?
(3)I was sleeping when I heard my name_shouted (shout)．
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)being done表示“正在被……”，它可以作宾语补足语，表示被动和进行。
(2)除了being done可以作宾补之外，doing(现在分词)和done(过去分词)也可以作宾补。doing作宾补，表示动作为主动进行；done作宾补表示被动完成。
注意事项
being done除了作宾语补足语表示被动和正在进行外，还有以下句法功能：(1)作后置定语，表示被动和正在进行；(2)作宾语，表示被动；(3)作主语，表示被动。
[背写作佳句]
(1)They went off together and left me sitting there.(要点句)
(2)(2017·北京高考书面表达)Several days later, when we had the video being played on the graduation ceremony, the audience burst into applause, which surely gave us a great sense of achievement.(要点句)
2．where ..., there be ... “在……的地方，有……”
[教材原句] The water was quite shallow but_where the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)We live where the road crosses the river.
我们住在河流与街道交叉的地方。
(2)As far as I'm concerned, you are free to go wherever you like.就我个人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
where ..., there be ...，意为“在……的地方，有……”， where引导地点状语从句。另外 wherever“无论什么地方，无论在何处”也可引导地点状语从句。
注意事项
where在句中引导地点状语从句时，很容易和引导定语从句相混淆，区别的关键在于where前面是否有需要修饰的先行词。High buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago.(状语从句) High buildings have arisen in the place where there was nothing a year ago.(定语从句，先行词为the place)
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2016·江苏高考书面表达) Where we see competitions, there are online votes.(开头句)
(2)(2017·6月浙江高考写作)We are going to meet at the school gate at 7 a．m.and cycle to the nearby mountain, where we can go hiking and enjoy a picnic.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
become aware of， in the meantime， help out， upside down， ahead of， hold up， be scared to death， get close to
1．The reason is that more and more people are eager to get_close_to nature.
2．I know he is a little selfish; in_the_meantime,_I must admit he is a good worker.
3．From now on, don't take me to watch horrible movies.I was_scared_to_death last night.
4．The building work has been held_up by the bad weather.
5．To look for his lost magazine, the man turned the whole room upside_down.
6．There were still four people ahead_of me in the long queue.
7．In my opinion, we should make everyone become_aware_of the importance and urgency of protecting the environment.
8．A good dictionary will help_out in one's reading.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．我们正在接近一个时代，那时机器很可能在很多领域要比人聪明。(a time when)
We are approaching a time when machines will be probably clever than humans in many fields.
2．请记住：哪里有问题，哪里就有解决办法。(where ..., there be ...)
Remember that where_there_is_a_problem,_there_is_always_a_solution.
3．随着圣诞节的来临，我们发现很多人都在忙着购物。(with复合结构)
With_Christmas_drawing_closer,_we found many people busy in shopping.
4．当我打开门时，我发现我们的数学老师正被一群好奇的孩子们围着。(分词作宾语补足语)
When I opened the door，I found our maths teacher being surrounded by a group of curious kids.
5．然而，当音乐会即将开始时，一件意想不到的事情发生了。(be about to)
However, an unexpected thing happened when the_concert_was_about_to_start.
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
I talk a lot to myself. It helps me to keep my concentration on the activity in hand, makes me focus more on my studies, and gives me some pretty brilliant ideas while talking to myself; more importantly, I produce better works. Do you talk to yourself? Don't get embarrassed at admitting it because science has discovered that those who talk to themselves are actually geniuses but not crazies!
Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment in a supermarket where 20 volunteers were shown objects, and were asked to remember them. Half of them were told to repeat the objects, for example, bananas, and the other half remained silent. In the end, the result showed that selfdirected speech aided people to find the objects faster, compared with the silent ones.
“I often talk to myself when searching for something in the refrigerator or on the supermarket shelves，” said Gary Lupyan. This personal experience actually made him conduct this experiment. Lupyan, together with another psychologist, Daniel Swigley, came up with the outcome that those who talk to themselves are geniuses. Here are the reasons：
When you are talking to yourself, your sensory mechanism gets activated. It gets easier on your memory since you can visualise (使……具体化) the word, and you can act accordingly.
Every one of us tends to have various types of thoughts. Most make sense, while the others don't. Suppose you are furious at someone and you feel like killing that person. Now for this issue you won't run to a doctor, will you? No, what you do is lock yourself in a room and mutter to yourself. You are letting go off the anger by talking to yourself about the pros and cons of killing that person, and eventually you calm down. This is a silly thought that you have and are unable to share it with any other person. Psychologist Linda Sapadin said, “It helps you clarify your thoughts, tend to what's important and firm up any decision you are thinking about.”
[写作步骤]
第一步：归纳主旨大意
主旨大意：本篇为说明文。文章的主题是“自言自语的人是天才”。
短文结构分析：全文分为三个部分。
第一部分(第一段)：为导入段，引出自言自语不是问题，事实上自言自语的人是天才；
第二部分(第二、三段)：实验研究的情况；
第三部分(第四、五段)：说明了自言自语的优点——有助于刺激记忆力，使头脑清晰。
第二步：提炼关键词
Part 1：
1.I talk_a_lot_to_myself. It helps me to keep_my_concentration_on_the_activity in hand.
2．Those who talk_to_themselves are actually geniuses but not crazies！
Part 2：
3.Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted_an_experiment in a supermarket where 20 volunteers were shown objects, and were asked to remember them.
4．Lupyan, together with another psychologist, Daniel Swigley, came up with the outcome that those who_talk_to_themselves_are_geniuses.
Part 3：
5.When you are talking to yourself, your sensory mechanism gets_activated. It gets easier on your memory since you can visualise the word.
6．It helps you clarify_your_thoughts.
第三步：合并和改写
1．要点1和2
合并：Talking a lot to oneself helps one focus on the activity in hand and people who like to talk to themselves are supposed to be geniuses.
改写：Talking a lot to oneself helps one focus on what_he_is_doing and people who have_this_habit are actually geniuses.
2．要点3和4
合并：Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment about it and he, together with another psychologist, Daniel Swigley, concluded that those who talk to themselves are geniuses.
改写：Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment about it and he and psychologist Daniel Swigley concluded it's_true.
3．要点5和6
合并：When you are talking to yourself, your memory can be stimulated and it helps you clarify your thoughts.
改写：Talking_to_yourself does good as follows: on the one hand, it stimulates your memory; on_the_other_hand,_it helps you clarify your thoughts.
第四步：核查成文
核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词；核查标点和语法；核查词数。最终成文如下：
Talking a lot to oneself helps one focus on what he is doing and people who have this habit are actually geniuses. (要点1)Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment about it and he and psychologist Daniel Swigley concluded it's true. (要点2)The experiment showed that talking to yourself does good as follows: on the one hand, it stimulates your memory; on the other hand, it helps you clarify your thoughts.(要点3)
理清句间结构之(十) 指代
为了简洁明了地表达事物及其逻辑关系，作者常会利用各种代词、名词来代替前面提到过的人、物或事。当指代词前后的句子结构比较复杂、指代词与其代替的人、物或事相隔较远或指代词周围出现多个事物时，这种指代关系往往不容易一下区分清楚，因而常常受到命题人的青睐。
[高考典例1] 2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五
Color is fundamental in home design — something you'll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36_B(Whatever_you're_looking_for),_color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. __37__， they can get a little complex. But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
A．While all of them are useful
B．Whatever you're looking for
C．If you're experimenting with a color
D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
[分析] 空格后的“they”指代上文中的“a number of different techniques”，且与A项中的“all of them”相呼应，故A项符合语境。
[高考典例2] 2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇
[2]Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
[3]It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
Q: What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
[分析] 第二段介绍了爵士乐不受年轻人喜欢。第三段首句承接上文，介绍了Jason Moran帮助改变这个状况，故画线词that指代上段的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量不断减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。
[高考典例3] 2017·全国卷Ⅰ·D篇
[2]To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the_water_catcher's productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Q: What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The tube. B．The still.
C．The hole. D．The cup.
[分析] 根据选段第一句“To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.”可知，画线部分the water catcher指代前句中的a working still，即自制的太阳能蒸馏器。故选B。
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