2020版高考英语新增分大一轮译林（江苏）版语法专题讲义：专题二

专题二　动词和动词短语

动词的辨析
动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词，是高考考查的重点，无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指：
1.词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat等。
2.意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish等。
3.动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past 等。
4.意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如：explain，say；discover，invent；uncover，find等。
5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear等。
6.某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：give in，give up；turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up等。
题组训练1
选词填空
A.
1.William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
2.If you don’t like the drink you ordered just leave it and try a different one.
3.Mary，I reminded John of his promise to help you.
4.Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also limit our thinking.
5.The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.
B.
6.Clinical evidence began to accumulate，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
7.—Are you still mad at her?
—Not really，but I can’t deny that her remarks hurt me.
8.I’d prefer to reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence.
9.You are old enough to earn your own living.
10.I opened a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.
动词短语的核心考点
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：
1.根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。
(1)动词＋副词(不及物)
Tom turned up after the party when everyone had left.
(2)动词＋副词(及物)
Please turn every light in the house off.
注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。
She turned off all the lights which had been left on.
②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。
She gave them away.
(3)动词＋介词(及物)
You should learn to care about others.
注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。
(4)动词＋副词＋介词
I look forward to seeing you soon.
注意：“动词＋介词”、“动词＋名词＋副词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。
In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)
2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。
①hear from收到……的来信　 hear of听说
②look after照料　look at看　 look for寻找
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。
①ring back回电话　 ring off挂断电话
ring up打电话
②put away放好，收起　 put on穿上；上演
put up挂起；举起
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。
look for寻找　　　　 ask for请求
wait for等候　　　　 send for派人去叫
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。
①break out发生；爆发　　　 carry out进行；开展
go out熄灭 hand out分发
let out放出 look out当心
sell out卖完 set out出发
take out取出 work out算出
②break down坏了　 　　　 come down落下来
get down下车 take down取下
write down写下
题组训练2
短语填空
A.
1.I can put up with the house being untidy，but I hate it if it’s not clean.
2.We aim to bring down the cost of daily life.
3.They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.
4.You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t work out as you expect.
B.
5.—You look upset. What’s the matter?
—I had my proposal turned down again.
6.If you care about faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
7.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
8.Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.
C.
9.To get a better grade，you should go over the notes again before the test.
10.I often look up the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
11.She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
12.Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
易错易混点
1.rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。
2.hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
3.sit与seat：seat为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一个动作；seat表示“就座”时要用be seated 或用seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或I seated myself in the armchair.
4.win与beat：win作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。如：I have won him.即“我已说服他了，我赢得了他的好感。”而beat是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过”，直接接人、队。
5.lost，gone与missing：作补足语时意为“丢失、不见了”，可以用lost，gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed，而要用missing。

1.Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might the things they see.
(2018·江苏，22)
A.indicate B.investigate
C.imitate D.innovate
答案　C
解析　句意为：孩子们不应该有机会接触暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿(imitate)他们看到的东西。imitate模仿，符合语境。indicate表明，暗示；investigate调查；innovate创新，改革。
2.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which a clear road map and timetable.(2018·江苏，25)
A.calls for B.calls on
C.calls off D.calls up
答案　A
解析　句意为：发展长江经济带是一个系统化项目，该项目要求(call for)有清晰的路线图和时间表。call for要求，需要；call on拜访，号召；call off取消；call up打电话。
3.At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving，but eventually he as she was so confident about her skills.(2018·天津，3)
A.gave in B.dressed up
C.broke in D.turned up
答案　A
解析　句意为：起初罗伯特不让他的女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对自己的技术如此自信。give in意为“屈服，让步”，符合语境，故选A。dress up穿得正式，装扮；break in破门而入，打断；turn up调高(音量、热量等)，(突然)出现，露面。
4.It took him a long time to the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
(2018·天津，8)
A.display B.acquire
C.teach D.test
答案　B
解析　句意为：他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀的舞蹈家所需要的技能。acquire意为“获得，学到”，符合语境，故选B。display展示；teach教；test测试。
5.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help your year ahead.
(2017·江苏，30)
A.shape B.switch
C.stretch D.sharpen
答案　A
解析　句意为：到了年底，快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败，这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape影响(某事物的发展)，符合语境。switch转换，转变；stretch变大，拉长；sharpen使变锋利，使增强。
6.Working with the medical team in Africa has the best in her as a doctor.
(2017·江苏，25)
A.held out B.brought out
C.picked out D.given out
答案　B
解析　句意为：在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出，坚持；bring out使显现，使表现出；pick out挑选出，辨认出；give out分发，发出。
7.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ，get married，and have kids.
(2017·天津，5)
A.settle down B.keep off
C.get up D.cut in
答案　A
解析　句意为：布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down)，结婚成家，生儿育女。keep off使避开，不接近；get up起床，站起来；cut in插嘴，打断别人说话。
8.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津，8)
A.gave voice to
B.kept an eye on
C.turned a deaf ear to
D.set foot on
答案　A
解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默，但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voice to意为“表达对……的想法”，符合语境。keep an eye on照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to对……充耳不闻；set foot on进入，参观。
9.I’m going to advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
(2016·天津，12)
A.put B.make
C.take D.give
答案　C
解析　考查固定搭配。句意为：我打算利用这次观光机会来探索这座城堡的历史。take advantage of是固定搭配，意为“利用”，符合语境，故选C项。
10.I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to a conversation with her.
(2016·天津，14)
A.carry on B.break into
C.turn down D.cut off
答案　A
解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话。carry on意为“进行，继续”，符合语境。break into打断，闯入；turn down调低，拒绝；cut off停止，中断。
11.He did not easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
(2016·江苏，25)
A.approach B.wrestle
C.compromise D.communicate
答案　C
解析　考查动词词义辨析。句意为：他不轻易妥协，但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协，符合句意。
12.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than us.
(2016·浙江，8)
A.divide B.reject
C.control D.abandon
答案　A
解析　考查动词辨析。句意为：当我们学会求同存异，而非对立分歧时，我们会收获颇多。divide分开；reject拒绝；control控制；abandon放弃，抛弃。根据句意可知选A。
13.Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently.(2015·浙江，5)
A.produce B.pronounce
C.process D.download
答案　C
解析　考查动词辨析。句意为：研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。process加工，处理，符合语境。produce生产，制作，创作；pronounce发音；download下载。
14.If you come to visit China，you will a culture of amazing depth and variety.
(2015·安徽，22)
A.develop B.create
C.substitute D.experience
答案　D
解析　考查动词辨析。句意为：如果你来访问中国，你将体验到具有惊人的深度和多样性的文化。develop开发；create创造；substitute替代；experience经历，体验。
15.The team are working hard to the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015·湖北，23)
A.face B.prevent
C.raise D.analyze
答案　D
解析　句意为：这个团队正在努力 这个问题，以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的find the best solution可知，在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face面对；prevent阻止；raise提高。
16.In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北，24)
A.whisper B.signal
C.declare D.complain
答案　B
解析　句意为：为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的pointed her finger upwards可知，她只是竖起手指示意，并没有出声。signal意为“示意”，所以答案选B项。whisper低语；declare宣布；complain抱怨。
17.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to to their greatest potential.(2015·江苏，22)
A.accelerate B.improve
C.perform D.develop
答案　D
解析　考查动词辨析。句意为：学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速；improve改善；perform执行；develop发展。
18.See，your computer has broken down again！It doesn’t sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.(2015·天津，14)
A.have B.make
C.display D.bring
答案　B
解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：看，你的电脑又坏了！仅为了节省几美元而买最便宜品牌的电脑不明智。固定表达make sense意为“是明智的，合乎情理的”，符合语境。
19.Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
(2015·天津，10)
A.turn in B.turn down
C.turn over D.turn to
答案　B
解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：因为太忙，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了聚会的邀请。turn down拒绝，符合语境。turn in上交；turn over (使)翻转，调转；turn to (使)转向，求助于。
20.Body language can a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.(2015·浙江，7)
A.take away B.throw away
C.put away D.give away
答案　D
解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪，因此双臂交叉站着则表示你正在防御。give away泄露，符合语境。take away拿开，拿走；throw away扔掉；put away收起来，放好，储存。

1.We solving international dispute by negotiation，instead of appealing to arms.
(2018·全国大联考江苏卷，26)
A.advocate B.admit
C.assess D.approach
答案　A
解析　句意为：我们提倡靠协商解决国际争端，而不是诉诸武力。advocate提倡；admit承认；assess评估，评价；approach靠近，接近。故选 A。
2.I used to quarrel a lot with my parents，but now we fine.
A.look out B.stay up
C.carry on D.get along
答案　D
解析　句意为：我过去经常和父母争吵，但现在我们相处融洽。look out留神，注意；stay up熬夜；carry on继续；get along相处。由句意知D项正确。
3.North of the city of Pisa in Italy Leaning Tower of Pisa，designed for vertical construction.
A.situates B.locates
C.stands D.lies
答案　C
解析　表示“位于”时，高于周边地区用stand，低于周边地区用lie。A、B项要用被动语态。
4.My friends thought they had made things very smooth for me，but I felt that there was still much to with.(2018·泰州中学高三上期中，28)
A.wrestle B.compromise
C.associate D.stress
答案　A
解析　句意为：我的朋友们认为他们为我排除了困难，但我觉得还是有很多事情要应对。wrestle with 全力对付，努力克服。
5.One can another person without any words.What it takes is a shoulder to cry on and an ear that listens.(2018·泰州中学高三上期中，29)
A.take advantage of B.spare a thought for
C.catch sight of D.reach out to
答案　D
解析　句意为：一个人可以不用任何言语与另一个人接触，需要的仅仅是一个哭泣时可以依靠的肩膀和一只倾听的耳朵。take advantage of利用； spare a thought for 替……着想； catch sight of看见； reach out to 接触。故选D。
6.One factor my weight gain was my love for cooking，especially rich，high-fat desserts，which I enjoyed preparing and of course，eating.
A.turning out B.accounting for
C.resulting from D.putting on
答案　B
解析　turn out结果是，证明是；account for导致；result from起因于；put on穿上。句意为：导致我体重增加的一个因素是我热衷于烹饪，喜欢准备，尤其是吃富含高脂肪的甜点。此处表示导致的原因，故选B。
7.Our city government is building more roads to the increasing number of cars.
(2018·苏锡常镇二调，22)
A.adjust B.accept
C.accelerate D.accommodate
答案　D
解析　句意为：我们的市政府正在建造更多的马路来容纳持续增多的车辆。adjust 调整；accept接受；accelerate调节，加速；accommodate容纳。根据句意选D。
8.Facebook has recently a string of Facebook groups committed to illegally sharing copyrighted music.(2017·南京、盐城一模，22)
A.cracked down on B.fallen back on
C.kept up with D.got away with
答案　A
解析　句意为：脸书网最近制裁了一批致力于非法分享受版权保护的音乐的脸书群。crack down on制裁，镇压，打击；fall back on求助于，依靠，依赖；keep up with跟上，紧跟；get away with侥幸成功，逃脱惩罚。
9.Running a business，no matter where it is started， plentiful market research，consistent integrity and a great deal of discipline.
A.clarifies B.involves
C.undertakes D.digests
答案　B
解析　句意为：无论从哪里开始，经营一个公司涉及到大量的市场调研、一贯的诚信和严格的纪律。clarify澄清；involve牵涉，涉及；undertake承担，保证； digest消化。故答案为B。
10.—He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.
—Yes，but he didn’t .(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模，25)
A.make his way B.get his way
C.give his way D.feel his way
答案　B
解析　句意为：——他本可以对我们施加压力来采纳他的提议。——是的，但是他并没有为所欲为。make one’s way前进，行进；get one’s way随心所欲，为所欲为；没有give one’s way这种形式，只有give way to “给……让路，被……所取代”；feel one’s way摸索着前进。根据句意选B项。
11.You must bring your insurance card with you when you with a dentist or doctor.
A.register B.interfere
C.compromise D.negotiate
答案　A
解析　句意为：当你向牙医或者医生登记时，你必须带上你的医保卡。register登记，注册，符合语境。interfere干预，干涉；compromise妥协，让步；negotiate协商，磋商。
12.The concepts in philosophy Jack read have somewhat affected how he his daily life.
(2018·南通、泰州一调，24)
A.shrinks from B.pulls through
C.compensates for D.goes about
答案　D
解析　shrink from逃避；pull through渡过难关，恢复健康；compensate for补偿；go about从事，进行(日常的活动)。句意为：杰克读的哲学思想有点影响他进行日常生活的方式。故选D。
13.Evidence begins to that the earth and the rest of the universe are in fact changing with time.(2018·南京高淳区、淮海中学等97校联考，27)
A.accumulate B.accelerate
C.accompany D.approve
答案　A
解析　句意为：关于地球和宇宙的其他部分实际上在随着时间而改变的证据开始累积。accumulate累积；accelerate加速；accompany陪伴；approve批准。故选A。
14.Varieties of magazines and research papers are with the aim of feeding readers’ appetite for specific knowledge.(2018·南通、徐州等七市联考，24)
A.put out B.made out
C.laid out D.taken out
答案　A
解析　put out扑灭，伸出，生产，出版；make out理解，假装，辨认出，填写(表格)；lay out展示，设计，安排，陈设；take out取出，除去，拔掉，把……带出去，邀请(某人)外出。本题中put out意为“出版”，故选A。
15.If these new measures don’t work，we’ll have to our old system.
(2017·南京、盐城二模，34)
A.make up for B.come up with
C.break away from D.fall back on
答案　D
解析　句意为：如果这些新方法不起作用，我们将不得不转而依靠旧的系统。make up for弥补；come up with想出，提出；break away from脱离；fall back on转而依靠，求助于。根据题意选D项。
16.China’s new era will be an era of building on past successes to further the cause of the CPC and the country.(2018·镇江高三上期中，28)
A.announce B.accompany
C.advance D.accumulate
答案　C
解析　句意为：中国的新时代将是一个建立在过去的成功基础上，进一步推进中国共产党和国家事业的时代。announce宣布；accompany陪伴；advance推进；accumulate累积。故选C。
17.The world’s leading thinkers and policymakers examine what’s come apart in the past year，and what will define the year ahead.(2018·苏锡常镇一调，28)
A.evaluate B.innovate
C.anticipate D.regulate
答案　C
解析　evaluate评估；innovate创新；anticipate预测，预计；regulate管理，规范。根据句意可知，此处表示：预计什么东西决定着明年(的状况)。故选C。
18.Why not that suit to see whether it matches with your shirt?
A.try back B.try on
C.try for D.try out
答案　B
解析　try back重新回到；try on试穿；try for谋求，争取得到；try out试验，考验。
19.Being sure that the wounded tiger could look after itself，the doctors it into the forest.
A.relieved B.released
C.removed D.rejected
答案　B
解析　句意为：确信这只受伤的老虎能够照顾自己，医生们把它放回了森林。release放走(人或动物)，释放，解放，发行，发布，符合语境。relieve减轻或排除(痛苦、忧虑等)；remove移开，移除，脱下(衣服等)；reject拒绝接受，抛弃(某事物)。
20.Tired of work through the year，she desired to and make an independent life for herself.
A.drop off B.drop out
C.drop in D.drop behind
答案　B
解析　drop off减少；drop out离开，退出；drop in顺便(或偶然)访问；drop behind落后。句意为：厌倦了一年到头工作，她渴望逃离，去过独立的生活。