2020版高考英语新增分大一轮译林（江苏）版语法专题讲义：专题四

专题四　名词性从句

名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/ whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
1.that的用法。
(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.
(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；(C)介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
(3)that和what的区别。
that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”，即常说的“先行词＋that/which/who”。
It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
I will do what I can (do) to help him.
(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)
The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句)
2.whether和if的用法。
(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。
It all depends on whether they will come back.
(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。
I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。
The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。
Thank you，but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。
Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.
3.疑问词＋-ever和no matter＋疑问词的区别。
(1)疑问词＋-ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
(2)疑问词＋-ever还可引导让步状语从句。
Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.
Whatever you do，you must do it well.
(3)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.
No matter who comes late，he must be punished.
4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。
They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句)
This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)


主语从句的核心考点
1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。
That she will succeed is certain.
→It is certain that she will succeed.
What he needs is more experience.
常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：
(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句
It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句
It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well-known，announced等)＋that从句
It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.
(4)It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句
It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
注意：(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。
(2)在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，that从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
题组训练1
用适当的连接词填空
1.What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
2.It is obvious that you’ve made a big mistake.
3.It was never clear that the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
4.Why he did that wasn’t quite clear.
5.It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.


宾语从句的核心考点
1.动词的宾语从句
(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say等)可以带宾语从句。
We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.
I don’t think you are right.
I don’t suppose he cares，does he?
(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.
2.一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。
We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.
(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。
Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.
(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。
I’m sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.
题组训练2
用适当的连接词填空
1.The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
2.We’ve offered her the job，but I don’t know whether/if she’ll accept it.
3.The villagers have already known what we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
4.His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express.
5.Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how they should read first.
表语从句的核心考点
1.主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。
His suggestion is that we (should) change our course.
2.主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.
3.because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。
He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.
题组训练3
用适当的连接词填空
1.I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer，which is why he never finishes anything.
2.I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money.
3.The reason why he didn’t go to school was that he fell ill.
4.He came late.That was because he got up late.
5.The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.
同位语从句的核心考点
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。
1.能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。
2.同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。
I have no idea what has happened to him.
3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。
The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.
题组训练4
用适当的连接词填空
1.There is clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
2.When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.
3.I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.
4.The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is a trend.
5.The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.

1.By boat is the only way to get here，which is          we arrived.(2018·江苏，21)
A.where B.when
C.why D.how
答案　D
解析　考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：坐船是到达这里的唯一方法，这就是我们如何(how)到达的。where表地点；when表时间；why表原因；how表方式。


2.Without his support，we wouldn’t be          we are now.(2018·北京，11)
A.how B.when
C.where D.why
答案　C
解析　考查表语从句的引导词。根据句意可知应该选C项，where引导表语从句。句意为：假如没有他的支持，我们就不会取得现在的成就。
3.This is          my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
(2018·北京，15)
A.how B.which
C.that D.what
答案　D
解析　考查表语从句的引导词。这是一个含有表语从句的复合句，所选答案在从句中作teach的直接宾语，因此应该选D项。how不能用作宾语；which引导表语从句时意为“哪个，哪些”，不合逻辑；that引导表语从句时在从句中不作成分。句意为：这就是父亲教我的——总是直面困难，并且抱最大的希望。
4.The gold medal will be awarded to          wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津，9)
A.whomever B.wherever
C.whoever D.whatever
答案　C
解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中动词wins前缺主语，而且金牌给的是“人”，故用whoever引导宾语从句。whomever在从句中作宾语，故排除。
5.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of         it used to charge.(2017·江苏，26)
A.that B.which
C.what D.how
答案　C
解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看，本句的half of部分在句中作 $20的同位语，由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选C。
6.She asked me          I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.
(2017·天津，4)
A.when B.where
C.whether D.what
答案　C
解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：她问我是否(whether)已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when什么时候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合语境。
7.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing          she was heading.
(2017·北京，26)
A.why B.where
C.how D.when
答案　B
解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里(where)。why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候。
8.Every year，         makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(2017·北京，23)
A.whatever B.whoever
C.whomever D.whichever
答案　B
解析　考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever无论谁，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever任何……的事物；whichever无论哪个，无论哪些。
9.It is often the case          anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江苏，21)
A.why B.what
C.as D.that
答案　D
解析　考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。
10.The manager put forward a suggestion          we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津，11)
A.whether B.that
C.which D.what
答案　B
解析　考查同位语从句。句意为：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项。


11.Your support is important to our work.        you can do helps.(2016·北京，24)
A.However B.Whoever
C.Whatever D.Wherever
答案　C
解析　考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever，表示“无论什么”。
12.         Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.(2015·江苏，25)
A.That B.Why
C.Where D.How
答案　C
解析　考查主语从句。句意为：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。“Where Li Bai...was born”作该句子的主语，表示“李白出生的地方”。
13.I truly believe          beauty comes from within.(2015·北京，33)
A.that B.where
C.what D.why
答案　A
解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故选A。
14.         we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京，35)
A.Where B.How
C.Why D.When
答案　B
解析　考查名词性从句的引导词。句意为：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。 分析句子结构可知“         we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知选B。
15.A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not        ships are built for.(2015·安徽，25)
A.what B.whom
C.why D.when
答案　A
解析　考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，故选A。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语；whom指人。
16.Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for          Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015·陕西，19)
A.what B.that
C.why D.how
答案　A
解析　考查名词性从句。句意为：读了多丽丝·莱辛的传记，我对她在文学上获得的成就钦佩不已。分析句子结构可知，介词for后接的是宾语从句，从句中缺少achieve的宾语，故用what引导。
17.The exhibition tells us        we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015·四川，8)
A.where B.why
C.what D.which
答案　B
解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：这个展览告诉了我们为什么我们要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，故选项C、D错误；where引导地点状语从句，不符合题意，故选B，表示“……的原因”。
18.—What a mess！You are always so lazy!
—I’m not to blame，mum.I am          you have made me.(2014·江苏，26)
A.how B.what C.that D.who
答案　B
解析　考查名词性从句。句意为：——这么乱！你总是这么懒！——妈妈，要怪也不应当怪我啊。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。
19.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing          you’re afraid to do.(2014·福建，34)
A.that B.what
C.how D.whether
答案　B
解析　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导一个宾语从句，且引导词在从句中作do的宾语，故用what。
20.The best moment for the football star was          he scored the winning goal.(2014·北京，30)
A.where B.when
C.how D.why
答案　B
解析　考查名词性从句。句意为：对于这位足球明星来说，进球得分的时刻是最好的时刻。was后面为表语从句，是对主语The best moment的解释说明，表语从句中缺少时间状语，故选B。


1.I suspect          Emily was lying when she described the incident，for I know her well.
(2018·南通、泰州一调，32)
A.whether B.that
C.what D.how
答案　B
解析　suspect为“怀疑，猜疑”，引导一个宾语从句，描述的是一件事，用that。I suspect that...我怀疑……。根据句意“我怀疑艾米莉描述这个事件时在说谎”。故选that。
2.Now my hometown is not at all          a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect.
A.that B.what C.which D.where
答案　B
解析　句意为：现在我的家乡不再是十年前来参观的游客所想象的那样了。通过分析句子可知，who visited it ten years ago为修饰a traveler的定语从句，what充当expect的宾语，引导整个句子what a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect作is的表语。
3.You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of          you think your real interests lie.(2018·盐城中学段考，30)
A.that B.what C.where D.how
答案　C
解析　句意为：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解自己，以便于列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的地方的名单。此处为where引导的宾语从句，作为介词of的宾语，同时where在宾语从句中作地点状语。故选C。
4.The best student of the year shared his experience of          he had managed to achieve excellence in his preparation for the College Entrance Examination.
(2018·南京高淳区、淮海中学、盐城中学、淳辉高中等97校联考，32)
A.if B.how
C.what D.that
答案　B
解析　　if是否；how如何；what什么；that无实意。句意为：今年最优秀的学生分享了他在准备高考时如何做到优秀的经历。此处表示如何取得优秀的，故选B。
5.         says that school years are the best time of one’s life is probably an adult—one who’s forgotten the hard work of being at school.(2018·无锡高三上期中，35)
A.Whatever B.Whichever
C.Whomever D.Whoever
答案　D
解析　句意为：任何说上学时期是一个人一生中最好的时光的可能是一个成年人——一个已经忘了在学校艰苦学习的人。这里用whoever引导主语从句指代人。故选D。
6.Failure is part of life；it’s wrong for parents to protect their children from the knowledge          they have failed.(2018·丹阳中学等三校联考，30)
A.where B.when C.that D.how
答案　C
解析　句意为：失败是生活的一部分；父母保护孩子免遭他们已经失败的伤害是错误的。此处是that引导的同位语从句，说明knowledge的内容。故选C。
7.Since livestreaming platforms are          much of our economy’s value is created，anything that improves them matters a lot for the new economy’s overall health.(2018·镇江高三上期末，26)
A.when B.where C.what D.that
答案　B
解析　平台是一个虚拟的地点，即在这个平台上可以……。故选where。
8.—The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year?
—Yes.That’s          I have compromised with the flat owner.
(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，32)
A.what B.where
C.how D.when
答案　B
解析　句意为：——我们公寓的租金今年会涨20%？——是的。那就是我对房东妥协的地方。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导一个表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where作地点状语。故选B项。
9.The problem          he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.
(2017·南京三模，23)
A.how B.whether
C.that D.when
答案　B
解析　句意为：他将在国内还是国外读大学，这个问题仍未提及。分析句子结构可知，本句是同位语从句，用来解释说明problem。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。
10.Despite difficulties，we must bear in mind          we set this goal，stick to it and move forward regardless.(2018·扬州高三上期中，33)
A.that B.why
C.when D.where
答案　B
解析　句意为：尽管困难重重，但我们必须牢记，我们为什么要制定这个目标，坚持到底，不动摇地向前走。why在从句中作原因状语。根据题意，故选B。
11.World AIDS Day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away，and          there are many things still to be done.(2018·常熟中学抽测，34)
A.which B.what
C.that D./
答案　C
解析　句意为：世界艾滋病日也提醒我们，艾滋病毒没有消失，还有许多事情要做。句中remind的间接宾语从句有两句，一句是艾滋病毒没有离我们而去，另一句就是还有很多事要做。and后的从句与前面一句that HIV has not gone away并列，从句成分及句意完整，且两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句中，第一个从句引导词that可以省略，其余的均不能省略，故此句同样用that引导。故选C。
12.He finds his daughter is quite different from          she was five years ago.
A.who B.what
C.how D.which
答案　B
解析　句意为：他觉得女儿与五年前有很大不同。what引导的从句作介词from的宾语。what在从句中作she was的表语。在名词性从句中担当主、表和宾语用what，而不用that。who也可以作表语，但who是“谁”的意思。句意不是“与五年前她是谁有很大不同”而是“与五年前她是什么样有很大不同”，根据语法和句意，本题只能用what。
13.Push yourself to go beyond your comfort zone because that’s          life truly does begin.
(2018·镇江高三上期中，33)
A.what B.where
C.which D.whose
答案　B
解析　句意为：强迫自己走出你的舒适区，因为这才是生活真正开始的地方。引导表语从句，并在从句中作状语，指“……的地方”。故选B。
14.I’ve come to learn that the best time to debate with family members is          they have food in their mouths.(2017·南京、盐城一模，30)
A.how B.that
C.whether D.when
答案　D
解析　句意为：我已经逐渐认识到与家人辩论的最佳时间是他们的嘴里有食物的时候。分析句子成分可知，系动词is后面是表语从句。从句中缺少状语，结合句意可知when符合题意。
15.—What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success?
—         he keeps focusing on what he is doing.(2017·南通一模，34)
A.Because B.How
C.Whether D.That
答案　D
解析　句意为：——你认为是什么促成了他巨大的成功？——他把注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。分析空处所在句可知，该句句子结构、意义完整，用that引导主语从句，从句中what he is doing 为宾语从句。故选D项。
16.They have little idea          the project will work out as planned；anyway they are determined to push ahead with it.
A.whether B.when
C.that D.how
答案　A
解析　句意为：他们不知道这个项目能否产生预期的结果，但无论如何他们都下定决心要向前推进这个项目。根据句子结构和句意可知，空处在句中引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容，且空处在句中表示“是否”，故需用连接词whether来引导该同位语从句。
17.It is a frequent situation faced by contemporary people          they have to move to a new place because of the requirement of work.
A.that B.where
C.which D.whether
答案　A
解析　句意为：由于工作要求而不得不搬到新地方是现代人常常遇到的情况。分析句子结构可知，it在句中作形式主语，空处所引导的从句才是真正的主语，且从句的意思和结构都完整，故应用that来引导该主语从句。
18.As I opened my eyes，in          direction I looked，I could see smiling，peaceful，calm and content faces.(2016·南通调研，34)
A.whatever B.however
C.whichever D.wherever
答案　C
解析　句意为：当我睁开眼的时候，无论往哪个方向看，我都能看到微笑、安宁、平静和满足的脸庞。in 为介词，后面是宾语从句，根据句意用whichever表示“无论哪一个方向”，故C正确。
19.The rising house prices in most cities have aroused concerns among young migrant workers          they can’t afford themselves a house.(2017·镇江期中，29)
A.whether B.where
C.what D.that
答案　D
解析　句意为：大多数城市房价的上涨引起了年轻农民工的担忧，他们无力负担自己的房子。从句解释说明concerns，且成分完整，故填that来引导同位语从句。
20.         Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mum can ensure him warm meals.
(2018·苏北七市联考，25)
A.That B.When
C.Whether D.How
答案　B
解析　句意为：杰克放学后何时到家是被计算好的，这样的话妈妈可以保证他能吃到热饭。根据句意可知，为了保证他能吃上热饭，因此被计算的是杰克到家的时间，应用when引导主语从句，故选B项。