2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：必修5Unit1OlympicHistory

Unit 1　Olympic History


一、单词——

写 得 准
用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.marathon n．马拉松
2.concept n. 观念；概念
3.generation n. 一代；一代人
4.worship n. 崇拜；尊敬
vi./vt. 爱慕；崇拜
5.unique adj. 唯一的；独一无二的；独特的
6.witness n. 证明；证人；目击者；证据
vt. 当场见到；目击
7.easiness n. 容易；轻松
8.precious adj. 珍贵的；贵重的
9.equal adj.同样的；平等的→equally adv.相等地；同样地；平等地→equality n．平等；相等
10.compete vi.竞争；比赛→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的→competitor n．比赛者；竞争者
11.athlete n．运动员→athletic adj.运动员的；运动的→athletics n．体育运动(尤指跑和跳)
12.disable vt.使残废；使失去能力；使丧失能力→disabled adj.残废的；有缺陷的→disability n．残疾；无能
13.pure adj.纯洁的→purity n．纯净；纯洁→purify vt.净化
14.inspiring adj.令人振奋的；鼓舞人心的→inspire vt.启迪；赋予灵感；激励；鼓舞→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的→inspiration n．灵感
15.commitment n．许诺；保证；承诺；承担义务→commit vt.使……承担义务；犯罪；做错事vi.忠于→committed adj.尽心尽力的
1.The witness who witnessed the accident gave_witness to the police and promised to be a witness.(witness)
2.My son made a commitment to me that he would not commit a mistake any more.(commit)
3.Our school will send you to compete in the election.We are sure you will be more competitive than the other competitors.(compete)
4.Listening to his inspiring speech, we were inspired to make great efforts.It gave us not only hope but also inspiration.(inspire)
5.The athletics does not merely refer to an athletic activity which the athletes can join in.Every citizen can do, too.(athlete)
6.Though he is severely disabled,_he is not disabled to live a normal life by his disability.(disable)
7.In order to ensure the purity of drinking water, you should purify it before drinking.If you drink such pure water for a long time, you’ll get benefit from it.(pure)
8.All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)
⇩

1.­fy结尾动词速记
①purify　　净化
②simplify 简化
③electrify 电气化
④beautify 美化
⑤satisfy 满意
⑥unify 统一
⑦clarify 澄清
⑧identify 识别
2.背诵后缀­ious形容词
①precious　珍贵的
②serious 认真的
③delicious 美味的
④anxious 焦虑的
⑤curious 好奇的
⑥previous 以前的
⑦cautious 谨慎的
⑧conscious 有意识的
3.拜访“参赛”部落
①athlete　 运动员
②competitor 竞争者
③champion 冠军
④captain 队长
⑤referee 裁判员
⑥coach 教练员
⑦record 纪录
⑧medal 奖牌


二、短语——

写 得 准
用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)
1.be_closely_connected_to与……有密切关联
2.believe_strongly_in 坚信
3.centre_round/on/upon 把……当作中心或重点
4.be_unfamiliar_with对……不了解或不熟悉
5.come_to_life 复活；复苏；变得活跃
6.be_added_to 被增加到……
7.(be)_consistent_with 符合；与……一致
8.in_the_form_of 以……的形式
9.look_like 看起来像……
10.in_harmony_with 与……协调；融洽
11.be_regarded_as 被认为是
12.belong_to 属于
13.(be)_rich_in 富于；在……方面很富有
14.compete_for 为……竞争
15.under_the_rule_of 在……的统治下
1.If you look at it long enough, this portrait_comes_to_life！
2.This lack of control is simply because they are_unfamiliar_with this new machine.
3.The government is facing a new wave of opposition in_the_form_of a student strike.
4.Most importantly, we must believe_strongly_in our abilities to do the job.
5.The house belongs_to her family for three or four generations.
6.The information is consistent_with what is said in the newspaper.
7.Several companies have announced their intention to_compete_for the construction project.
8.Only when much attention has been paid to environmental protection, can we live in_harmony_with nature.
⇩
1.compete短语小聚
①compete for ...　　为……竞争
②compete with ... 与……竞争
③compete in ... 在某方面竞争
2.“无被动语态”短语集合
①belong to 属于
②date from/back to 追溯到
③come true 实现
④take place 发生
⑤break out 爆发
3.look短语荟萃
①look like　　　 　看起来像
②look around/about 环顾
③look down upon/on 轻视
④look forward to 盼望；期待
⑤look into 调查
⑥look on 旁观；观望
⑦look out 当心；小心
⑧look after 照顾；照料
⑨look up 查阅；抬头看

三、句式——

背 原 句
明 句 式
学 仿 写
1....when the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece, with 245 athletes from 14 nations.
……当第一届现代奥运会在希腊雅典举行时，来自14个国家的245名运动员参加了这次奥运会。
“with＋宾语＋介词短语”形式的复合结构。
美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一块吃月饼和水果并且分享我们的故事。
With_the_beautiful_moon_up_in_the_sky,_we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit, sharing our stories.
2.Now, women’s sports are more popular than ever.
现在，女子的运动比以往更受欢迎了。
more ...than ...“比……更……”，是比较级句型。
他比其他人更仔细。
He is more_careful_than the others.
3.Beginning in 1994, it was decided that the Winter Olympic Games would be in different years from the Summer Games ...
从1994年开始，人们决定冬季奥运会与夏季奥运会在不同的年份举行……
it is/was decided that ...“人们决定……”，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
人们常说人类天生就有说话的能力。
It_is_often_said_that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.



第一板块核心单词归纳集释
1．equality n．平等；相等
[教材原句]　The Olympic values are participation, equality, cooperation and fair play.
奥林匹克的价值观是参与、平等、合作和公平竞争。
(1)equal adj.　 平等的；同样的；能胜任的
n. 同等的人；相等的物
vt. 与……相等；比得上
be equal to (doing) sth.(in ...) (在……方面)与……相等；能胜任……
equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过某人/某物
without equal 无与伦比
(2)equally adv. 相等地；同样地；平等地
①You must bear in mind that wasting time is_equal_to_wasting_your_life.
你必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。
②This position is equally (equal) suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.
这个职位同样适合于学校毕业生或某个拥有办公室工作经验的人。
③In some countries black people do not have equality (equal) with white people.
在一些国家黑人和白人没有平等关系。
2．compete vi.竞争；比赛
[教材原句]　At the Paris Games of 1900, women were allowed to compete, but only in tennis and golf.
在1900年的巴黎奥运会上，妇女被允许参加比赛，但只在网球和高尔夫球上进行。
(1)compete (with/against sb.) for sth. (和某人)竞争某物
compete in 参加……比赛/竞争
compete to do sth. 竞争做某事
(2)competition n. 比赛；竞争
competitor n. 比赛者；竞争者
competitive adj. 有竞争力的；竞争的
①The two girls compete with/against each other for the highest mark in physics.
这两个女孩为了得到物理的最高分而竞争。
②The prize for the winner of the competition (compete) is a two­week holiday in Paris.(2016·6月浙江高考单选)
这次比赛给获胜者的奖励是在巴黎度假两周。
③Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive (compete) world.
没有人能够完全远离这个充满竞争的社会。
[语境助记]　As the youngest competitor, I had to compete in the writing contest against/with 20 other top students for the annual writing award.I must be very competitive to be the winner.
作为最年轻的比赛者，我必须和另外20个顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争以取得年度写作奖；要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。
3．commitment n．承担义务；许诺；承诺；保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事
[教材原句]　The government made a commitment to public services.
政府对公共服务做出了承诺。
(1)make a commitment 做出承诺
(2)commit vt.　 　 使……承担义务；犯罪；做错事；承诺；保证
vi. 忠于；全心全意投入
commit an error/a crime/suicide　 做错事/犯罪/自杀
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于(做)某事；承诺(做)某事
(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth. 全身心地投入到某事；以……为己任
①The teacher is committed to protecting (protect) the interests of students.
老师以保护学生们的利益为己任。
②On balance, I think I would rather not commit myself to going with you.
总的来说，我想我不愿答应跟你一起去。
4．witness n．目击者；证明；证人；证据vt.当场见到；目击
[高考佳句]　We will witness the glory of our school, and we are growing together.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
我们将见证我们学校的荣耀，我们正一起成长。
(1)a witness to sth.　　　　　　　 某事的证人/证明
bear/give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明
(2)witness for 为……作证
witness to (doing) sth. 作证证明(做)某事
①Our city witnesses (witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光充足、雨量充沛，但在冬天你可能会觉得有点冷。
②His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他的健康身体证明这种疗法是成功的。
[名师指津]　英语中常用表示时间、地点等的名词作主语，而常用形容人的感官动词see, witness等作谓语进行拟人修辞。另外，注意witness to中的to是介词。

Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)
1．It is possible that one day we will end up with disability, so we shouldn’t look down upon the disabled.
2．As far as I am concerned, this activity is very meaningful and inspiring (inspire)．
3．Athletics is (be) part of our school courses to teenagers.
4．Life is happier if it is full of easiness (easy) and confidence.
5．The driver witnessed to having_seen (see) the man enter the building.
6．More than 1,000 competitors took part in the competition to compete for the first prize.
7．A_new_generation_of_scientists (新一代科学家) became fascinated by dinosaurs.
8．She added that the_concept_of (……的观念) arranged marriages is misunderstood in the west.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．equality面面观
(1)单句语法填空
①She is very weak and not equal to making a long journey.
②The new law provided for equality (equal) of human rights.
③In an ideal world, would everyone get treated equally (equal)?
(2)补全句子
④只要细心，任何一个人都能胜任这项任务，你应该尝试一下。
Any man will be_equal_to_the_task,_so long as he is careful.You should give it a try.
⑤他的画在西方国家首屈一指。
His paintings are without_equal in the western world.
⑥并不是所有人的能力都与他相当。
Not all the people equal_him_in_ability.
2．commitment多棱镜
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①He regrets committing (commit) a serious error.
②A thinking person must commit himself to working (work) for peace.
③We made a commitment (commit) to keep working together.
(2)根据汉语提示完成片段
一个人不能犯了罪不受惩罚。如果你犯了大错，你要承诺通过法律解决争端。
One can’t ④commit_crimes without being punished.If you ⑤commit_a_serious_error,_you must ⑥make_a_commitment that you should settle the dispute by law.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出worship的词性和词义
(A)v.崇拜；尊敬　　　　　　　(B)v.爱慕
(C)n.崇拜；尊敬 (D)n.礼拜活动
1．My parents attend morning worship every weekend.__D__
2．The old professor deserves all the praise and worship.__C__
3．Many football fans worship Beckham very much.__A__
4．She had worshipped him for years, so she married him at last.__B__

第二板块短语句型归纳集释
1．come to life复活；复苏；苏醒过来；变得活跃
[教材原句]　But the symbolic power of the Games lived on and came to life again in modern times.
但是奥运会的象征性力量继续存在并在现代又变得活跃起来了。
(1)come back to life　　　 苏醒过来；复活
come to (oneself) 恢复知觉；苏醒过来
come to light 被发现；被知晓
when it comes to ... 当谈及……
(2)bring sth.(back) to life 使……生动；使……恢复生机
live/lead a ...life 过着……的生活
make a life 生活；享受生活
①After the earthquake，the villagers tried their best to bring_the_village_back_to_life.
地震后，村民们尽力使村庄恢复生机。
②When_it_comes_to literature, he comes_to_life immediately, and his talent for literature has recently come_to_light.
当谈到文学时，他马上来了精神，他文学方面的才能近来已被发现。
[名师指津]　和bring sth.back to life相反，come to life为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，一般不用于进行时。
2．in harmony with ...与……协调；融洽
[教材原句]　Its natural appearance, simplicity, smoothness and easiness are in total harmony with the emblem and the Olympic rings, thus forming a unique style.
会徽里的中国汉字非常独特，字体自然、简约、流畅、从容，与会徽和奥运五环融为一体，别具风格。
(1)in harmony　　　　　　　　　 和睦地；和谐地
out of harmony with ... 与……不一致
(2)harmonious adj. 和谐的；协调的
①Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in_harmony_with nature.(2015·福建高考单选)
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们生存的唯一方式就是与自然和谐相处。
②It is a harmonious (harmony) community where pupils are happy and industrious.
这是一个和睦的集体，学生们开心玩耍，勤奋读书。
3．Beginning in 1994, it_was_decided_that the Winter Olympic Games would be in different years from the Summer Games ...
从1994年开始，人们决定冬季奥运会与夏季奥运会在不同的年份举行……
It is/was decided that ...“人们决定……”，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语， 相当于People decide/decided that ...。该句型为“It＋be＋过去分词＋that ...”，它可以转变成“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋to do ...”，并且根据动词不定式与句子谓语动作之间的时间关系，可以使用不定式的一般式、进行式或完成式。
①It is decided that a new shopping mall will be built in the city next year.
→A new shopping mall is decided to_be_built in the city next year.
→People decide_that a new shopping mall will be built in the city next year.
该市决定明年要建一家新商场。
②It is said that he has_been_employed (employ) in a computer company since graduation.
据说自毕业以来他就一直受雇于一家电脑公司。
It is said that ...　　　　　　　 据说……
It is reported that ... 据报道……
It is thought that ... 大家认为……
It is believed that ... 人们相信……
It is hoped that ... 人们希望……
It is considered that ... 大家认为……
It is supposed that ... 据推测……
③It_is_hoped_that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。
④It_is_believed_that she is the person who donates a large amount of money to the charity every year.
人们相信她就是那个每年向慈善机构捐赠大量钱款的人。

Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空/补全句子
①Though China is rich in oil resources, they are running out rapidly.
②Equal amount of flour and sugar should be added_to the mixture.
③The mountain village I visited last week is made up of 30 families belonging (belong) to five nationalities.
④It looks like she’ll be too busy to stop for a coffee break.
⑤If one fact or idea is consistent with another, they do not contradict each other.
⑥The quiet girl has come to life since she worked as a saleswoman.
⑦Thirty percent of the land is protected in_the_form_of (以……的形式) planting trees.
⑧I believe_strongly_in (坚信) the reasons for changing our plan that came up at the meeting.
2．运用所学短语、句型完成片段
As we all know, human activity ①is_regarded_as (被认为是) the main cause that has led to global warming.Much pollution is being emitted ②in_the_form_of (以……的形式) water, gas or solid.Many natural disasters ③are_closely_connected_to (与……有密切关联) global warming.Scientists ④believe_strongly_in (坚信) that global warming is having a great effect on many plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns.⑤It_is_believed_that (人们相信……) greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.To protect the environment, we should take good care of every tree and bush, bird and mammal, and be ⑥in_harmony_with (与……协调) nature.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．in harmony with个个清
(1)单句语法填空
①Human beings must live in harmony_with nature, otherwise they will suffer from it.
②The different parts of the picture form a harmonious (harmony) whole.
(2)补全句子
③我相信不同民族和睦地生活在一起是可能的。
I believe it is possible for different ethnic groups to live together in_harmony.
④你的建议与本项目的目标不符。
Your suggestions are out_of_harmony_with the aims of this project.
2．“It＋be＋过去分词＋that ...”句型万花筒
句型转换
①It is said that they are collecting money for people in the earthquake­stricken areas.
→They are_said_to_be_collecting money for people in the earthquake­stricken areas.
②It is reported that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years.
→The way people spend their holidays is_reported_to_have_changed a great deal in the past ten years.
③It is thought that the Prime Minister has visited Moscow last week.
→The Prime Minister is_thought_to_have_visited Moscow last week.
④Education is believed to be the most important issue facing the government.
→It_is_believed_that education is the most important issue facing the government.



[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The disabled in the countryside are (be) being taken care of now.
2．He is said to_be_studying (study) in the US now.
3．I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes centred (centre) on the ceiling.
4．The National Day of 2017 witnessed (witness) so many traffic jams on the express way.
5．I’m afraid I might not make it if I want to compete for the first place.
6．If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment (commit)．
7．The graphic (图案的) design was consistent with the building of our product line.
8．Actually, the three columns are equally (equal) attractive to us students.
9．The accident is usually closely (close) connected to drivers’ careless driving.
10．So the mirror lies, and you might be more beautiful than you think.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．We must never lose the sight of the fact that man must live in harmony with nature.去掉第一个the
2．Every citizen should be committed to change our environment for the better.change→changing
3．All the falling leaves have been cleared away.falling→fallen
4．It was happened that I saw him on my way home.去掉was
5．With prices are going up so fast, we can’t afford many luxuries.去掉are或With→As
6．The new teacher’s coming made our class coming to life.第二个coming→come
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
People feel puzzled about some phenomena they are_unfamiliar_with (对……不熟悉), one example of which is the possible existence of the Yeti.①The Yeti is said to be taller than an average human.However (Therefore/Though/However), it walks with amazing speed and strength.②It may be the most powerful animal on the planet.Though some people made a promise that they saw the footprints, which belong_to (属于) a Yeti, no powerful evidence for its existence has been found.Some scientists even presented a new idea of the origins of the Yeti.Their restless spirit of exploring is worth respecting.
With the development of science and technology, we believe_strongly_in (坚信) that what are_regarded_as (被认为是) unknown things to us today will be explained in the future.We hope that scientists will solve the mystery one day and give us a satisfactory answer.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分
(1)promise→commitment
(2)saw→witnessed
(3)idea→concept
(4)respecting→worshipping
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用it作形式主语改写句①
It_is_said_that_the_Yeti_is_taller_than_an_average_human.
(2)用“more ...than ...”结构改写句②
It_may_be_more_powerful_than_the_other_animals_on_the_planet.