2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：选修8Unit5WondersofOurBody

Unit 5　Wonders of Our Body  一、单词—— 写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.stick vi./vt.　　刺，戳2.technician n.  技术人员；专门技师3.dissolve vt.  溶解，解散4.swallow vt.  咽；淹没；吞下；咽下n.  燕子5.figure vt.  辨明；演算，认为6.shed vt.  脱落；脱皮，摆脱7.apply vt.应用，应用于→application n．应用；用途；申请→applicant n．申请人；求职者8.infection n．感染；传染；传染病→infect vi.感染，传染9.primarily adv.主要地，首先→primary adj.首要的，主要的10.frequency n．频率，周率，发生次数→frequent adj.时常发生的→frequently adv.频繁地11.bacterium n．细菌→bacteria n．(复数)细菌12.donate vt.捐赠；赠送→donor n．捐赠者；赠与者→donation n．捐赠13.react vi.反应→reaction n．反应；反作用14.sense n．感官(觉) vt.意识到，感觉→sensitive adj.敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的→sensory adj.知觉的；感觉的1.Stop feeling embarrassed because you are a sensitive (sense) person and your emotions are close to the surface.2.Traffic accidents have decreased in frequency (frequent) over recent years.3.In the United States, Halloween evolved (演变) into a holiday celebrated primarily (primary) by children.4.These bacteria (bacterium) make food from the sun like plants do.5.Health care workers should have the right to be able to protect themselves against infections (infect)．6.As a generous donor,_Mark made another donation to the Project Hope last week.So far he has donated up to 15 million dollars to it.(donate)7.This produced a chain reaction,_which made everyone present react violently.(react)8.Any applicant who would like to apply to become an assistant in our company should send us an application before December 10, 2018.(apply)⇩1.感官动词一览①taste　尝②smell  嗅③hear  听④see  看⑤touch  摸2.swallow形近词家族①allow vt.　　允许②shallow adj.  浅的，肤浅的③fellow n.  小伙④pillow n.  枕头⑤follow vt.  跟随3.tech­开头单词小结①technician n．技术人员②technique n.  技术，技巧③technical adj.  有技巧的④technology n.  技术，工艺⑤technologist n.  技术专家二、短语——写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.be_up_to　　　　　　　　从事于，做……事情，胜任2.knock_out  击倒，打破3.rob_of  使……失去；抢劫4.neither_...nor_...  既不……也不……5.protect_from  保护6.take_for_granted  想当然；认为理所当然7.be_made_up_of  由……组成8.put_together  把……加起来；装配，使成整体9.fire_off  发射；开(枪、炮等)，射击10.finish_off  结束，完成1.I’ll finish_off this dress in a few minutes; I’m just giving it the last finishing touches.2.I don’t have time to go out tonight; I am_up_to my work.3.Neither has she changed her mind, nor will she do so.4.The boxer knocked_out his opponent in the second round.5.We shouldn’t take it for_granted that our parents should arrange everything for us.6.The mobile medical team was/is_made_up_of ten doctors，including five women.⇩1.“v.＋of”短语荟萃①rob of　　  使……失去②approve of  赞成③complain of  抱怨④consist of  由……组成 ⑤dream of  梦想，梦见⑥think of  想起，记起；考虑 2.“v.＋together” 短语集合①put together　把……加起来②go together  相配③get together  聚会④pull together  齐心协力⑤join together  连接    三、句式—— 背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.So can an imbalance of the blood’s components.血液成分不平衡也会如此。“so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”构成的倒装句。——杰克对中国文化和民族音乐非常痴迷。——他的确如此，你也是。—Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.—So_he_is and so_are_you.2.Suppose you lost a lot of blood, what would a doctor do？如果你失血过多，医生会怎么做？suppose后跟虚拟语气。假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。Suppose it_rained,_we would still go.  第一板块核心单词归纳集释1．donate vt.捐赠；赠送[教材原句]　Replace the blood as quickly as possible by giving you a transfusion of blood donated by another person.(医生)会尽快用另一个人献的血来给你输血以补充你的血液。(1)donate sth.to sb.　　　　　　 向某人捐赠某物 (2)donation n.   捐赠；捐赠物；捐款give/make/present a donation to ...　 向……捐赠(3)donor n.   捐赠者；赠与者①The old man donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classroom.这位老人为学校捐赠了很多钱，让学生们重返教室。②Besides, we have made a donation (donate) of some money, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty.此外，我们还捐了一些钱，期待它能帮你渡过难关。2．stick vi./vt.(stuck, stuck)刺，戳；伸出；卡住；粘贴[经典例句]　The nurse stuck the needle into my arm.护士把针扎进我的胳膊。stick to/at　　　　　　　 坚持；坚守；不放弃stick out   伸出；突出get/be stuck in   被困在；被卡住；陷入①But one problem is that few people can stick_to a diet for long.但有一个问题是很少有人能长期坚持节食。②—Sorry I’m late.I got stuck (stick) in traffic.—Never mind.You’re here now.Come in and sit down.——对不起，我来晚了。我遇到交通堵塞了。——没关系。你来了就好。进来坐吧。3．react vi.反应；起作用[经典例句]　You never know how he is going to react to the news.你根本不知道他对这个消息会作何反应。(1)react against　　　　 反对；反抗react to   对……作出反应；起反应react on/upon   对……产生影响react with   与……产生化学反应(2)reaction n.   反应；反作用(与to连用)①The children should be taught how to react to an earthquake.应该教孩子如何应对地震。②Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。4．apply vt.应用；应用于；申请[教材原句]　Blood vessels in the skin will shrink instantly if they are cut or if pressure is applied.如果被割破或被施于压力，皮肤中的血管会立即收缩。(1)apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物apply oneself to (doing) sth.  致力于/集中精力(做)某事apply to   适用于；向……申请apply ...to ...   把……运用于……(2)application n.   申请；申请表；运用，应用applicant n.   申请人；求职者①If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her.如果宪法说所有的人都是自由和平等的，那么她认为这应该适用于她。②I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3.I’m writing to_apply_for_the_position as a student volunteer.(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我是李华，三年级二班的一名学生，我正写信申请学生志愿者的职位。 [一言串记]　Thirty graduates applied for the post.All these applicants filled in the application forms seriously.三十位毕业生申请了这个职位。所有这些申请者都认真填写了申请表。Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)1．The scientific research institute has conducted an experiment on nuclear reactions (react) today.2．I have made a donation (donate) to help the survivors of the earthquake.3．He had a sore throat (咽喉痛) and found it difficult to_swallow (swallow)．4．Dogs have_a_very_good_sense_of_smell (有很好的嗅觉) and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.5．The kite was_stuck_in_the_branches_of_the_tree (被卡在了树叉上), which made the girl cry.Ⅱ.重难点多练apply面面观(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①The new technology, if applied (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.②—What should I do?—You should slow the bleeding by applying (apply) pressure to the wound until the police and ambulance arrive.③The old man manages to enrich his own cultural life, applying himself to learning (learn) English.(2)补全句子④我想申请我们学校英语俱乐部副主席的职位。It’s I who/that_would_like_to_apply_for_the_position,_vice president of our school English club.(3)根据汉语提示完成片段In order to know whether his plan was practical, he first ⑤applied_it_to (把它应用于……) his work, and he also ⑥applied_for_a_study (申请一项调查) to his company about it.Then he ⑦applied_himself_to (专心于) it and made necessary changes.Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练1．根据语境选出swallow的词性和词义(A)vt.吞没；淹没　　　 (B)vt.吞(下)，咽(下)(C)n.燕子   (D)n.一口①The swallow has made a nest under our eaves (屋檐)．__C__②He downed the medicine at one swallow.__D__③I watched her walk down the road until she was swallowed by the darkness.__A__④You must chew your food well before you swallow it.__B__2．根据语境选出sense的词性和词义(A)n.感觉　　　　　　 (B)n.感官(C)n.道理   (D)vt.觉察出；意识到①We get most of our knowledge through the five senses.__B__②Standing on the corner in winter gave me a sense of cold.__A__③There is some sense in what he says.__C__④Doctors often sense uneasiness in the people they deal with.__D__第二板块短语句型归纳集释1．knock out击倒，打破；摧毁；淘汰[教材原句]　The white blood cells gobble up the invaders, and the antibodies knock them out.白细胞吞噬掉所有入侵者，抗体把它们打倒。knock at　　　　　　 敲；打knock down   撞倒；拆卸knock over   碰翻；撞倒knock into   撞上；偶然遇到knock off   减价；中断；停止①She was knocked over/down by a car on the way home last night, but the driver fled from the site.昨晚在回家的路上她被一辆车撞倒了，但司机逃离了现场。②Let’s knock_off_the_work early and go to watch the football game.咱们早点收工去看足球赛吧。③Please knock_at_the_door before you come in next time.下次在你进来之前请先敲门。2．neither ...nor ...既不……，也不……[经典例句]　Neither the teacher nor his students have come across such a difficult problem.老师和他的学生都没有碰到过这么难的一个问题。neither ...nor ...连接两个对等的成分，用于否定两者。当它连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的单复数要与靠近nor的主语保持一致。①Neither my wife nor I myself am (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。②He neither knows nor cares (care) what happened.他对所发生的事不闻不问。either ...or ...　要么……要么……(连接并列主语时，谓 语动词的选择遵循“就近一致”原则)neither/either of ...  两者都(不)……(作主语时，谓语动词用 单、复数皆可)not only ...but also ...   不仅……而且……not ...but ...   不是……而是……③As is known to all, not only the nurses but also the doctor is (be) very kind to the patients.众所周知，护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。3．So_can an imbalance of the blood’s components.血液成分不平衡也会如此。(1)句中含有“so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构。该结构用在肯定句中，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物。so作“也这样；也如此”解。①My brother watched the launch of Tiangong­2 on September 15th, 2016, so_did_I.我弟弟2016年9月15号观看了“天宫二号”发射，我也是。(2)so it is/was＋with sb./sth.或it is/was the same with sb./sth.表示前面的混合情况(肯定和否定的混合或没有统一的助动词)同样适用于后者；该句型也可用于肯定或否定陈述句之后。②He is very clever but he doesn’t work hard; it_is_the_same_with his sister/so_it_is_with his sister.他很聪明，但不努力，他姐姐也是这样。[名师指津]　so＋主语＋be (have/助动词/情态动词)，表示“……确实如此(前后主语一致)”。③He was attracted by the beautiful scene of Lijiang, and so_he_was.他被丽江的美景吸引了，是的，确实如此。Ⅰ.基础点全练1．单句语法填空①When you knock into someone, it’s good manners to say “sorry”．②I always suspected that he was up to no good.③I take it for granted that we should work hard.④Peasants who were_robbed (rob) of their land drifted to the cities.⑤It is everyone’s duty to protect the earth from being_polluted/pollution (pollute)．⑥Neither John nor his classmates were (be) able to wake up early enough  to catch the morning train.2．运用所学短语完成片段I ①knocked_into (偶然遇到) a robber yesterday.He ②knocked_down/over (撞倒) an old  man.When he was ③robbing_the_old_man_of_ (抢劫老人) all his money, I ④protected_the_old_man_from (保护老人免于) being robbed.The old man was grateful to me, but I ⑤took_it_for_granted (认为这样做理所当然)．Ⅱ.重难点多练so相关结构万花筒(1)补全句子 ①如果你想那天休息，那么我也一样。If you’re going to take that day off, so_will_I.②——杰克是英国人但喜欢中国菜。——迈克也是如此。—Jack is English but likes Chinese food.—So_it_is_with_Mike./It’s_the_same_with_Mike.(2)句型转换③He can play the piano and his sister can play the piano, too.　→He can play the piano, and so_can_his_sister.  [单元语基落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．My English teacher donates to the school fund every year.The donation is given to those who study best in exams.(donate)2．The telephone communications were knocked out by the storm.3．Caught robbing (rob) a lady of her necklace, the young man was arrested on the spot by a policeman.4．We used glue to_stick (stick) the broken pieces together.5．Find out ahead of time what regulations apply (apply) to your situation.6．If a healthy environment is gone, so is everything that our life depends on.7．Give me some water; I find it difficult to_swallow (swallow) the yolk (蛋黄)．8．When it comes to her success, the family’s reaction (react) is always a combination of shock and joy.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Seeing the moving scene, my daughter wept a little and so do I．do→did2．I take for granted that we should work hard.take后加it3．We all know that the brain is made up cells in a certain pattern.up后加of4．It was not until he got to his office where he remembered leaving the key home.where→that5．Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and so will Tom.so→nor/neitherⅢ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Our class consists of twenty boys and thirty­one girls.Tom and Rose are the best students in our class.They apply_themselves_to (专心于) learning and  are_up_to (胜任) their work.①If Tom can work out a physics problem, Rose can work it out, too.They like to take exercise in the open air and stick_to (坚持) playing football after class.They often finish_off (结束) their day by helping others.We are grateful for their selfless assistance, but (so/but/as) they take_it_for_granted (认为理所当然)．(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)consists of→is_made_up_of_(2)work out→figure_out2．用so的倒装句改写句① If_Tom_can_work_out_a_physics_problem,_so_can_Rose.