2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：循序写作层级二词靓句高赢高分——“营造亮点有一套（安排9个学案）

层级二词靓句高赢高分——“营造亮点”有一套(安排9个学案)
阅卷时，一篇高考作文往往在1分钟内就被判定生死，大众化的词汇、平庸的表达已使长时间工作的阅卷老师产生了视觉疲劳。在词汇方面：如果一篇作文中突然出现几个与众不同、让人眼前一亮的词汇，阅卷老师的给分也绝不会吝啬；在句式方面：如果考生多运用一些并列句和复合句等高级句式，并注意句式的灵活多变，使文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，阅卷老师一定会毫不犹豫地将你的作文定位于五档线。

学案(一)　不落俗套的亮点词汇

写作最基本的要求是考查考生遣词造句的能力，遣词的原则是表达准确、地道自然、生动形象。如果考生在掌握了最基本词汇的基础上，能够将一些常用词汇进行升华，就将成为高考作文获得高分的亮点之一。
一、使用亮点词汇的4种方法
1．“语”众不同，避免人云亦云
写作时，恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。
①After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are welcome to talk and express their views about the film.
→After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are welcome to make comments and express their views about the film.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)

②I am very glad to know you are interested in Tang poems.
→I am more than delighted to know you are interested in Tang poems.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
2．更新换代，避免重复
写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。
①The team will hold many activities, some of which will appeal to you, including many matches.
→The team will hold a range of activities, some of which will appeal to you, including many matches.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
②We’ve built a new experiment building beside the old one and we’ve also built a library where the old playground used to be.
→We’ve built a new experiment building beside the old one and we’ve also set up a library where the old playground used to be.
3．单词与短语巧妙互用
一般情况下短语优先，应多使用短语、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。但有时单词比短语更生动，可以“一词传神”。
①I’ve decided to teach you Tang poetry in Room 101 Building 1 at 8：00 am on Wednesday, which will last two hours.
→I’ve made up my mind to teach you Tang poetry in Room 101 Building 1 at 8：00 am on Wednesday, which will last two hours.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
②We should try to improve ourselves through learning and prepare for the future.
→We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.
(2015·福建高考书面表达)
③We can look at this problem in many ways.
→We can view this problem in many ways.(view比look at更有“内涵”)
4．用高年级学到的词汇代替低年级学到的词汇
为了表现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，应避免反复使用初中或小学阶段学过的词汇，尽量用高中阶段学到的词汇来代替。
①Second, I am trying my best to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.
→Second, I am sparing no efforts to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.(2017·天津高考书面表达)


②I should say sorry for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
→I should owe you an apology for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)

二、使用亮点词汇的2点注意
1．注意增加亮词的“出镜率”，变消极词汇为积极词汇
阅读中能认识但写作中不会用的词汇属于消极词汇，写作中能运用自如的词汇为积极词汇，也就是平常所说的“第一反应词”。积极词汇量的多少直接决定着英语作文表达水平的高低。现在很多考生的困难是，头脑中的很多词汇介于积极词汇与消极词汇之间；另外，很多背到的消极词汇如果较长时间不接触就会变成陌生词汇。因此在备考过程中，我们要做的事情就是迅速扩大消极词汇量并且保持接触的频度，力争使其变成积极词汇。
很多考生作文驻足不前的一个重要原因是反复用初中学过的简单词汇，背了大量的亮词妙语而不用。这是一种懒惰的表现。建议大家在想到一个表达时，务必要想一想还有没有更好的表达方式，这就是我们平时常讲的“头脑风暴法”。例如想表达“美丽的”这个含义，大家首先想到的是“beautiful”，那么在下笔时，要想一想还有没有更出彩的表达，如“attractive”或“charming”等。再如表达“困难的”时，大家常用“difficult”，那是不是用“tough”或“challenging”更与众不同呢？
2．注意亮点词汇使用的场合
写作时，在用词上不可随心所欲，决不能为追求“高级”而使用复杂但毫无把握的词语，也不能满篇堆积所谓的“高级”词汇，否则给人过分炫耀之嫌，得不偿失。一般来说，一篇文章能用好三五个高级词汇就可以了。另外，为能更好地“完成规定的写作任务”，减少错误，特提醒同学们在使用“高级词汇”时，一定要注意遵循“准确、恰当”的原则，并且要注意使用的场合，难词和生僻词汇并不一定就是高级词汇，例如：
一大早我们买了些圣诞礼物。
Early in the morning we purchased some Christmas presents.(purchased太过于书面化，改为bought更地道)

三、高分必备的24个亮点词汇


名词
普通词汇
高级词汇
普通词汇
高级词汇
chance
opportunity
choice
alternative
idea
opinion
people
individuals
result
consequence
effect
influence
动词
have
possess
replace
substitute
bear
put up with
understand
make sense of
develop
promote
consider
take into account
形容词
enough
adequate
rich
abundant
proper
appropriate
important
vital/significant
interesting
absorbing/
appealing
difficult
challenging
副词
finally
eventually
hardly
barely
immediately
in a flash
nowadays
currently
连词
so
therefore
and
as well as

① That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.
→That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better alternative.(2017·北京高考书面表达)
这就是为什么我认为长江之行将是一个更好的选择。
②In the coming three years, our school life will be difficult.
→In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.
在随后的三年里，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性。
　　　 　更多高级写作词汇请参考
　　　“附录三：写作常用的4组高级写作词汇”

[综合演练提能]　
Ⅰ.请用高级词汇替换下列句子中的加黑部分
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)So, please spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty, which will help you prepare for your class.Therefore;_make_preparations_for
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.various/a_range_of
3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)Our class thought of the idea to make better use of used materials.came_up_with
4．(2016·四川高考书面表达)The reasons are the following.as_follows
5．(2015·湖南高考书面表达)At the same time, I decided to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.made_up_my_mind
6．Developing very quickly, the Internet causes the breakdown of face­to­face communication.gives_rise_to
7．Developing a good habit is also very important.of_great_importance
8．Would you please help me to turn down the radio？do_me_a_favor
9．The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses.challenging
10．We’ll try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us.promote
Ⅱ.请用高级词汇提升下面的考生作文
(2019·厦门一中热身训练)假如你是中学生李明，家住泉州。你的英国笔友Jason来信谈到了他的故乡London，并希望了解你家乡泉州的情况。请你用英文写一封回信。
回信必须包括以下内容：
1．自然情况：地理位置优越、气候风景宜人等；
2．发展成就：经济发展迅速、城市高楼林立等；
3．存在问题：交通拥堵现象、空气污染问题等；
4．对泉州发展的看法：内容由考生自己拟定。
注意：1.请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息；
2．可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
3．词数100左右；书信格式已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：高层建筑 high­rise building
Dear Jason，




Yours，
Li Ming
[考生作文]
Dear Jason，
I’m ①very happy to hear from you and know about your beautiful home city London.Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Quanzhou.
Quanzhou is a beautiful place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing ②fast during the past ten years.New bridges and roads have been ③built, high­rise buildings standing in many parts of the city.④More and more schools and hospitals are ⑤useful for the native people.It is developing into a modern and ⑥beautiful city.⑦But there are still some problems, such as heavy traffic in rush hours and ⑧serious air pollution, which have a bad ⑨effect on people’s daily life.⑩I think Quanzhou should develop healthily and scientifically, so that we could have a better hometown in future.
Yours，
Li Ming
[升格作文]
Dear Jason，
I’m ①more_than happy to hear from you and know about your beautiful home city London.Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Quanzhou.
Quanzhou is a beautiful place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing ②rapidly during the past ten years.New bridges and roads have been ③set_up,_high­rise buildings standing in many parts of the city.④An_increasing_number_of schools and hospitals are ⑤available for the native people.It is developing into a modern and ⑥attractive/charming city.⑦However,_there are still some problems, such as heavy traffic in rush hours and ⑧severe air pollution, which have a bad ⑨influence/impact on people’s daily life.⑩In_my_opinion/As_far_as_ I_am_concerned,_ Quanzhou should develop healthily and scientifically, so that we could have a better hometown in future.
Yours，
Li Ming
学案(二)　整齐和谐的并列句
并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，在这一句型中需要注意连接并列主语时，有些句型采取“就近原则”。


类型
连词
并列关系(递进关系)
and, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ..., neither ...nor ...
转折关系
but, yet, whereas
选择关系
or, otherwise, or else, either ...or ..., not ...but ...
因果关系
for, so, therefore, thus
对比关系
while

①After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃草)．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)
早餐后，我去帮助蒂娜阿姨喂鸡，而我爸爸和保罗叔叔一起去把羊赶出去吃草。
②The team will hold a range of activities, and some world­famous players will be invited to give lessons.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
球队将举行一系列活动，一些世界著名的球员会被邀请来上课。
[即时演练]　用适当的并列连词填空
1．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)First, my English is very good and I’m open­minded and warm­hearted, so I’m getting along well with everyone.
2．Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them.
3．It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.

1．both ...and ...既……又……
On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time­saving and economical.
在互联网上，人们可以搜索他们最喜欢的明星的信息，也可以打折买票，既省时又省钱。
2．either ...or ...或者……或者……；不是……就是……
If you’re interested in it, you may either send an email to 123456@sina.com or sign up in person.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至123456@sina.com或亲自报名。
3．neither ...nor ...既不……也不……
In autumn, it’s neither too hot nor too cold.
秋天，天气既不太热也不太冷。
4．not only ...but (also) ...不仅……而且……
Not only will all kinds of paper­cutting works be on display, but also the craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
不仅各种剪纸作品将展出，工匠们还会在现场向参观者展示如何将纸张裁成不同的形状。
5．not ...but ...不是……，而是……
It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.
对我们的工作最有益的，不是我们做了多少，而是我们把多少爱投入进去。
6．...while/whereas ……而，……却
It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.(2016·江苏高考书面表达)
这有利于一些人，然而却使他人陷入是否投票的困境。
7．祈使句/名词词组＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句
(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句)
Keep it in mind and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.
记住它，逐渐地我们就能养成这个好的学习习惯并从中获益。
(2)名词词组＋and＋陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more, another等词)
Another try, and you’ll achieve success.
再试一次，你就会取得成功。
(3)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句
Hurry up, or/otherwise you will be late.
快点，否则你会迟到的。
(4)名词词组＋or/otherwise＋陈述句
More healthy food, or you’ll break down sooner or later.
多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。
8．...when ...……这时……
(1)sb.was doing sth.when ...某人正在做某事，这时……
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
我们正在开会，这时有人闯了进来。
(2)sb.was about to do sth.when ...某人正要做某事，这时……
We were about to set off when it began to rain.
我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。
(3)sb.had just done sth.when ...某人刚做完某事，这时……
I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang.
我刚刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。
(4)sb.was on the point of doing sth.when ...某人正要做某事这时……
He was on the point of giving up when his father told him the good news.
他正要放弃，这时他的父亲告诉他这个好消息。

[即时演练]　用并列句补全句子
1．他刚要走就有人敲门。
He was on the point of leaving when_someone_knocked_at_the_door.
2．你不但要和他们分享你的学习经验，而且一定要向他们敞开心扉。
Not_only_should_you_share_your_study_experience_with them, but_(also) you must keep your heart open to them.
3．是你所说的话而不是你所做的事使你的同学感到生气。
It_is_not_what_you_had_done_but_what_you_had_said that annoyed your classmates.
[综合演练提能]　
Ⅰ.用适当的并列连词填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Not_only will all kinds of paper­cutting works created by famous artists of this field be on show that day, but_(also) a lot of useful and interesting activities will be held as well.
2．Seize the chance, or/or_else/otherwise you’ll regret some day.
3．Give me a chance and I will give you a wonderful surprise.
4．The young man wanted to help the dog, but as he approached, the dog started to bark.
5．About 9：00 last night, I was busy preparing for my tomorrow’s test when suddenly loud noises came into my room.
6．Some people believe smoking is harmful to health while others consider it is helpful reducing working pressure.
Ⅱ.用并列句补全句子
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)因此，如果你努力学习的话，展览不仅可以帮助你更好地了解中国民间艺术，而且可以帮助你获得一些剪纸技巧。
Therefore, the exhibition can_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese folk art, but_can_also_help_you_acquire some paper­cutting skills if you try hard to learn.
2．(2015·四川高考)事实上，我不喜欢去，但是我害怕失去他们的友谊。
In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, but_I’m_afraid_I’ll_lose_their_friendship.
3．因此，从现在起，让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间，而要经常与我们的父母进行推心置腹的谈话。
So, from now on, let’s not_waste_our_time_on_unimportant_things_but have a heart­to­heart chat with our parents once in a while.
4．你必须让开路，否则卡车无法通过。
You have to move out of the way or_the_truck_cannot_get_past_you.
Ⅲ.请按以下内容要点写一封电子邮件，尽可能多地使用并列句
假如你是李华。某国际学生杂志邀请你在“国际交换生项目”专栏中分享你作为国际交换生的经历。请给该栏目编辑写封邮件，内容包括：
1．遭遇的困难；
2．问题的解决；
3．你的感想。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear editor,
Last year, I went to England for a student exchange programme.



Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear editor，
Last year, I went to England for a student exchange programme.Before I went, I was quite proud of my English, but everyone in England spoke so fast that I couldn’t make out what they were saying.Being in a completely different culture was scaring and I even wanted to go straight back home.
But things soon got better and better.The homestay family was not only very kind，but also the boy that I was staying with was keen on football, which made my stay more enjoyable and stress­free.Besides, I developed an interest in English cooking and I ate pasta and international food just as I do at home!
Being an exchange student not only offers me a chance to improve my English but also makes me learn more about the foreign culture and people.The best part of all is knowing that I could cope, even in such a difficult situation.
Yours，
Li Hua

学案(三)　富有文采的状语从句
状语从句主要包括时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、比较、方式、目的和结果九类从句。


状语从句
连词
时间
when, whenever, as, while, (ever) since, before, after, till, until, as soon as, hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., scarcely ...when ..., each time, every time, the first time, the last time, the moment, the minute, the second, the day, immediately
地点
where, wherever
条件
if, unless, providing/provided (that), supposing/suppose (that), given (that), as long as, so long as, on condition (that), in case, only if
原因
because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that
让步
though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter＋疑问词， whether ...or (not) ...
比较
as, than, the same as, not so ...as ..., as ...as ...
方式
as if, as though, as
目的
in order that, so that, in case, for fear (that), lest
结果
so that, so ...that ..., such ...that ...

Since you have long been interested in Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.(2018·北京高考书面表达)
因为你一直对中国文化感兴趣，我认为北京语言文化大学对你来说是一个理想的地方。

[即时演练]　用状语从句补全句子
1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)如果你能成为我们组的一员，那就更好了，这样我们就可以一起工作并展示你的才华了。
It can’t be better if we can have you as our member, so_that_we_can_work_together_and_ show_your_talent.
2．(2017·天津高考书面表达)虽然这些天我都在读书，但为了提高自己，我还是参加了好几个学生俱乐部。
Though/Although_(I_am)_buried_in_books_these_days,_I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)由于天气越来越热，在室内学习是个好主意。
As_the_weather_is_getting_hotter_and_hotter,_it is a good idea to study indoors.
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我展示了那个主题的一些照片。
I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the_last_time__you_visited_ our_school.
5．(2015·北京高考满分作文)这是如此激动人心的活动，以至于我们都玩得非常愉快。
It was such_an_exciting_activity_that we all enjoyed ourselves very much.


在英语写作中，状语从句是经常使用的从句之一，因此必须学会并熟练运用这些相关句型。
1．as soon as/the moment/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly 一……就……
The moment I came into the classroom, I saw the sentence on the blackboard.
我一走进教室，就看到了黑板上的这个句子。
2．each/every time 每次，每当……
Every time I pass the school, I think of my first English teacher.
每当我经过那所学校，我就想起我的第一个英语老师。
3．the first time 第一次
I thought Susan nice and friendly the first time I met her.
我第一次见到苏珊就觉得她善良友好。
4．before在……之前，还没来得及就……
It was a long time before I realized how silly I was at that time.
很长时间之后我才意识到我当时是多么傻。
5．ever since 自从……
Ever since my friend Xiaohua entered high school two years ago, his mother has been pushing him hard in his studies.
自从我的朋友小华两年前进入中学，他的妈妈一直在学习上给他施加很大的压力。
6．by the time 到……为止，不迟于……
He will have learned English for ten years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
到明年大学毕业为止，他已经学了10年英语了。
7．as/so long as 只要
As/So long as you’re interested in it, please send an email to 123456@sina.com. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
如果有兴趣，请发送电子邮件到123456@sina.com。
8．providing/provided/suppose/supposing(that) ... 如果，假如……
Suppose he doesn’t agree to help us, who should we turn to for help?
假如他不同意帮助我们，我们该向谁求助？
9．on condition that ... 在……条件下；如果……
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持干净整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。
10．not that ...but that ... 不是因为……，而是因为……
I didn’t accept the job, not that I am unwilling to do it, but that I am unable to.
我没接受这份工作，不是因为我不愿意做，而是因为我不能做。
11．even if/even though 即使；尽管
We still have a long way to go even if/though our project has been carried out smoothly so far.
尽管我们的计划到目前为止执行得很顺利，我们仍然有很长的一段路要走。
12．though/although/while 虽然；尽管
Though/Although busy with the lessons, I have managed to find time to hang out with my friends.(2017·天津高考书面表达)
虽然忙着上课，但我还是设法挤出时间和朋友们出去玩。
13．no matter wh­ .../wh­ever无论……
However/No matter how far away we are, we feel close to each other.
无论我们距离有多远，我们都感觉近在咫尺。
14．whether ...or (not) ... 是……还是……；不管，不论……
I have decided to take the job offer, whether it is good or bad.
不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。
15．so that 以便，目的是；因此
So I have been taking exercise and reading books as well as online materials about Tianjin so that I can be both physically and mentally qualified for this job.(2017·天津高考书面表达)
所以我一直在锻炼，阅读书籍以及关于天津的网上资料，这样我的身体和精神都能胜任这项工作。
16．in order that 为了……
In order that he can have a chance to receive university education, he works hard every day.
为了能有机会接受大学教育，他每天都努力学习。
17．so/such ...that ... 如此……以至于……
The dough figurine he made was so beautiful that we couldn’t wait to have a try ourselves.(2015·北京高考满分作文)
他做的面人如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。

[即时演练]　用状语从句补全句子
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)随着暑假临近，我将有大约三个月的空闲时间。
As_the_summer_break_is_approaching,_I will be free for almost three months.
2．(2015·福建高考满分作文)每当你想在生活中获取什么时，总会有这样或那样的问题。
Whenever_you_want_to_achieve_something in life, there will be problems of this or that kind.
3．(2015·四川高考书面表达)每天晚上，我们可以通过视频聊天相互联系，用英语聊半个小时，再用汉语聊半个小时，目的是提高口语。
We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so_that_we_can_improve_our_oral_speaking.
4．不管你做什么，重要的是你应该做好，只要你认为有价值，它就值得做。
No_matter_what_you_do,_it is important that you do it well and it is_worth_doing_as_long_ as_you_consider_it_valuable.
5．另外，我会告诉他你长什么样，以便你们可以容易地找到对方。
Besides, I will tell him what you look like so that you can find each other easily.
6．每当见到有人需要帮助，我就会尽力去帮助他。
Whenever_I_see_someone_in_need_of_help,_I will spare no effort to help him.
[综合演练提能]　
Ⅰ.用状语从句补全句子
1．如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。(if)
If_we_go_on_polluting_the_environment,_the earth won’t be fit for us to live in.
2．无论我做什么，我都会尽全力做好。(no matter what)
No_matter_what_I_do,_I will try my best to do it well.
3．他努力学习功课，结果考试取得了好成绩。(so that)
He worked hard at his lessons, so_that_he_got_high_grades_in_the_exams.
4．尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。(though/although/while)
Though/Although/While_regular_exercise_is_very_important,_it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
5．既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。(now that)
Now_that_you_have_got_a_job,_you should learn to be independent of your parents.
Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇回忆录，尽可能多地使用状语从句
假定你是李华，请以“An Unforgettable Sports Meeting”为主题写一篇回忆录，叙述高中时期运动会给你留下的难忘记忆。请围绕以下要点：
1．友谊第一，比赛第二；
2．我运动，我快乐；
3．团队精神。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
An Unforgettable Sports Meeting
　
　
　
　
　
参考范文：
An Unforgettable Sports Meeting
Last year our school held an annual sports meeting, which has remained a precious memory for me ever since.
As an arts student, I couldn’t but take part in the relay race.Because my partners realized it was not my strength，they spared no effort to train me.When the game started, we were the fastest.When the stick was passed on to me, however, another competitor fell down accidentally.I didn’t hesitate to help him up, and continued trying my best to compete.Though we got the second place pitifully, all my classmates stood up cheering for my good deed.
Thanks to the sports meeting, not only did I win friendship, but I managed to enjoy myself from sports.
学案(四)　吸引眼球的定语从句
定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。

1．关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。
①Everyone is welcome to watch the film, which tells about the development of our school.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
欢迎大家观看这部电影，它讲述了我们学校的发展。
② Secondly, you will make some good friends who are also interested in playing table tennis.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢玩乒乓球。
2．关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。
①To help them better understand our tea­drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school, where I introduced the history of tea­making and different kinds of tea and so on.(2018·北京高考书面表达)
为了帮助他们更好的了解我们的饮茶文化，我们带领他们去了我们学校的茶室，在那儿，我介绍了泡茶历史和不同种类的茶叶等。
②I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.
我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。
3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.(2017·北京高考书面表达)
搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。
[即时演练]　用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系词”填空
1．(2017·6月浙江高考应用文写作)Our science teacher will serve as our guide, who is expected to tell us something interesting about the Tiantai Shan.
2．(2017·天津高考书面表达)As you know, the final exam is around the corner, for_which_I am kind of busy preparing.
3．(2016·天津高考单选)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
4．(2015·福建高考满分作文)Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.
5．During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.


定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：

[示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。
①The foreigner is from Canada.
②He visited our class yesterday.
第二步：在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。
第三步：用句②充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。
The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.
[即时演练]　用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句
1．This is the best method.It can be used against pollution.
→This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.
2．I’ve always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then.
→I’ve_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.
3．So I suppose I can get a good mark.It will enable me to enter my ideal college.
→So_I_suppose_I_can_get_a_good_mark_which_will_enable_me_to_enter_my_ideal_college.
4．I have a friend.Her father is an engineer.
→I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.
5．You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city to attend an international meeting.You live there.
→You_know,_my_uncle_Li_Ming_is_going_to_the_city_where_you_live_to_attend_an_international_meeting.
6．We all like our English teacher.We have learned a lot from her.
→We_all_like_our_English_teacher_from_whom_we_have_learned_a_lot.

1．As we all know .../As is known to all ... 众所周知……
As we all know/As is known to all, the earth is becoming warmer and warmer due to the global climate change.
众所周知，由于全球气候变化，地球正变得越来越暖和。
2．As sb.puts it ... 按照某人所说的……
As he often puts it, university education determines one’s future.
按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的未来。
3．such ...as ... 像……这样的；诸如此类的……
Believe it or not, there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.
信不信由你，世界上没有免费午餐之类的事情。
4．the same ...as .../the same as ... 像……一样的
Her manner and attitude towards him were quite the same as she had always been.
她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。
5．one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中的一个
As far as I know, your sister is one of the students who have passed the exam.
据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。
6．the only one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中唯一的一个
Mr.Green was the only one of the workers that was invited to Beijing.
格林先生是这些工人中唯一一个被邀请去北京的人。
[即时演练]　补全句子
1．(2015·福建高考满分作文)我们大家都知道，这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。
As_we_all_know,_the picture tells a story of ancient China.
2．据我所知，她就是这样一个总是乐于助人的女孩。
As far as I know, she is such_a_girl_as is always ready to help others.
3．长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。
The Great Wall is one_of_the_world­famous_buildings_that_attract lots of visitors.

1．误用关系词
误：I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
正：I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.
误：I have a friend, who’s name is Liu Mei.
正：I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei.
2．句子成分残缺
误：There were many students took part in the English competition.
正：There were many students who took part in the English competition.
误：Those who in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands.
正：Those who are in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands.
3．有多余的代词或副词
误：The film I saw it last night was really very good.
正：The film I saw last night was really very good.
误：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood.
正：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood.
4．混淆定语从句与并列句
误：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to people’s health.
正：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to people’s health.
误：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn’t help.
正：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn’t help.
[即时演练]　单句改错
1．There are three people in my family and I’m the only one child, who is very common in Chinese families.who→which
2．Remember, you can take the contest in China Daily newspaper, that is very popular among high school students.that→which
3．I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store.that→which
4．When you read the book, you’d better make a mark that you have a question.that→where
5．On the third floor there are two rooms, one of them is used as a meeting room.them→which
6．The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days.which→where或在which前加in
7．I asked that boy so difficult a question which he couldn’t answer.which→as
[综合演练提能]
Ⅰ.用定语从句补全句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)最近，我们学校建了一个新的体育馆，它位于图书馆后面。
Our school has built a new stadium recently, which_is_located_behind_the_library.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。
We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which_were_written in the Tang Dynasty.
3．(2016·四川高考书面表达)一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。
There are four seasons in a year, each_of_which_has_distinctive_features.
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)等考试结束后，我们都有时间的话，六月的最后一个周日怎么样？
How about the last Sunday of June, when_the_examination_is_over_and_we_are_free?
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我无法遵守承诺是因为我叔叔马上要出国深造了。
The reason why_I_can’t_keep_my_word is that my uncle will go abroad for further study soon.
6．我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，他们会帮我们渡过难关。
As_we_all_know,_our friends will lend us a helping hand when we need help and they will help us get through difficult situations.
Ⅱ.请按以下要点写一封申请信，尽可能多地使用定语从句
假设你是李华，你校广播站正在招收英文编辑，请你根据以下提示，向负责此事的外教Mr.Mark申请这一职位。要点包括：
职位要求
1.有很强的英语表达能力；
2．关心时事。
个人优势
1.有做记者的经历，沟通能力强；
2．父亲是一位专职编辑，深受其影响；
3．……

注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Mr.Mark,
I’m writing to apply to be an English editor of the broadcasting station of our school, which I am wild about all the time.
I’m qualified for the position, which is based on the following reasons.First, I meet your requirements for the position well.That is, I have a good command of English communication skills.Besides, I am concerned a lot about current affairs and take great interest in journalism.Second, I was a part­time reporter when I was in junior middle school, which developed my communication and interpersonal skills.In addition, my father is a professional editor, by whom I was deeply influenced from an early age and from whom I learned a lot.Therefore, I am eager to get the position and I really hope I will be given the honor to be one of you.
Looking forward to hearing from you.Thank you!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua

学案(五)　灵活好用的名词性从句
名词性从句是高中阶段重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1．从属连词引导的名词性从句
名词性从句的从属连词在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，主要包括that, whether/if。
①It is worth mentioning that our volleyball team won the championship twice in national middle school volleyball matches.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
值得一提的是，我们排球队两次赢得了全国中学生排球赛的冠军。
②Would you tell me if/whether it’s convenient for you?
你能告诉我你方便吗？
2．连接代词引导的名词性从句
名词性从句的连接代词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语，主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever。
①What I want to stress is that our group is looking for new members right now.(2018·天津高考书面表达)
我想强调的是我们队现在正招收新队员。
②Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.(2016·北京高考单选)
您的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论您能做什么都会有所帮助。
3．连接副词引导的名词性从句
名词性从句的连接副词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语，主要包括how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever。
①To practice as much as possible is where the secret lies.(2015·四川高考满分作文)
尽可能多地练习就是秘密之所在。
②First of all, I’d like to know when the class will start and how many students there will be in a class.
首先，我想知道课程什么时候开始、一个班会有多少学生。
[即时演练]　用适当的连接词填空
1．(2016·天津高考书面表达)What we appreciated most was that you had a strong teamwork spirit, which allowed us to complete our tasks very efficiently.
2．(2015·四川高考满分作文)Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when it comes to English.
3．I am wondering if/whether you have made a definite plan for the coming summer holiday.
4．With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome whatever difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.
5．One day, she heard the news that the sports meeting would be held.

在写作中，如果我们能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。
名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”：

[示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。
①He said a lot at the meeting.
②His words were very attractive.
第二步：让句①作主语从句，可转换为“他在会上所说的话”，即what he said at the meeting。
第三步：把句①转换的主语从句和句②连在一起。
What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
[即时演练]　用名词性从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句
1．When did you enter the room？The police wants to know it.
→The_police_wants_to_know_when_you_entered_the_room.
2．Finally I want to express my hope.All the younger fellows can make full use of time.
→Finally_I_want_to_express_my_hope_that_all_the_younger_fellows_can_make_full_use_of_time.
3．This is my decision.All of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.
→My_decision_is_that_all_of_us_are_to_start_at_6_o’clock_tomorrow_morning.
4．Shall we go picnicking tomorrow? It depends on the weather.
→Whether_we_shall_go_picnicking_tomorrow_depends_on_the_weather.
5．Our women volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly.
→The_news_that_our_women_volleyball_team_had_won_the_championship_encouraged_us_all_greatly.




1．I’m sorry to say that ...遗憾地说……
I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
很遗憾地说星期五下午我不能与你一起去书店。
2．The reason why ...is that ...……的原因是……
The reason why I choose to be a dustman is that I want to make our city a more beautiful place to live in.
我选择成为一名清洁工的原因是我想使我们的城市成为一个更美的居住地。
3．I do hope (that) ...我确实希望……
I do hope you will revisit Tianjin some day.(2017·天津高考书面表达)
我真希望有一天你能重访天津。
4．I am aware that ...我知道……
As a member of the society, I am aware that being honest is what it takes to make a better society.
作为社会中的一员，我知道诚实是使社会更美好所需要的东西。
5．I learned from the newspaper/the post/the Internet that ...我从报纸上/帖子上/网络上得知……
This is Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.I am more than willing to help you with your Mandarin.(2015·四川高考书面表达)
我是李夏，我从你的帖子上了解到你想要提高你的普通话水平，我非常乐意帮助你学习普通话。
6．From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that ...通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论……
From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that you must have self­confidence if you want to achieve your goal.
通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论：如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。
7．I hold the view that ...我持……观点/我认为……
I strongly hold the view that measures should be taken to stop Chinese tourists (from) behaving badly in public places.
我强烈认为应该采取措施阻止中国游客在公共场所的不良行为。
8．What impresses/surprises/shocks/interests ...sb.most is that ...最令某人印象深刻/吃惊/震惊/感兴趣……的是……
In addition, what may interest you most is that I am really nervous and upset when taking the exam.
另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的既紧张又烦躁。
9．It is＋important/necessary/strange ...that ...重要的/必要的/奇怪的……是……
However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.
然而，重要的是，我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。
10．I wonder whether/if ...我想知道是否……
I am wondering if you could tell me more about this activity.
我想知道你是否能告诉我有关此活动的更多的信息。
11．Word came that ...消息传来说……
Word came that you are coming to our school as a teacher and we are looking forward to your coming.
消息传来说您要来我校当老师，我们都盼望着您的到来。
12．No one can deny the fact that ... 谁也不可否认的事实是……
No one can deny the fact that the environment is getting polluted more and more seriously.
谁也不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。
13．It is/was no surprise/wonder that ... ……不足为怪
She is warm­hearted, so it is no surprise/wonder that she always helps those who are in trouble.
她是一个热心肠的人，因此她经常帮助那些处于困境的人们就不足为怪了。
14．An advantage of ...is that ...……的优点是……
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create/produce any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
[即时演练]　补全句子
1．(2016·北京高考书面表达)居民们高度评价了我们的做法。
The residents think highly of what_we_have_done.
2．(2016·天津高考书面表达)给我们印象最深的是你的艺术技巧，显示出了不同凡响的才能。
What_impresses_us_most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent.
3．真正重要的是它(礼物)是否来自你的内心。
What really matters is whether_it_comes_from_your_inner_heart.
4．最近的一项调查表明，在过去的三年里我们学校的学生的健康状况越来越差。
A recent survey shows_that_the_health_of_the_students_in_our_school_has_been_going_ from_bad_to_worse in the past three years.
[综合演练提能]　
Ⅰ.用名词性从句补全句子
1．(2017·北京高考书面表达)我希望我的建议能对你有帮助，也希望你在中国过得快乐。
I hope that_my_advice_will_be_of_some_help_to_you and that you’ll have a good time in China.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)然而，我不确定措辞和格式是否正确。
However, I am not sure about whether_the_words_and_format_are_correct.
3．他英年早逝的原因是他不注意自己的身体健康。
The_reason_why he died young was_that he paid no attention to his health.
4．让我最吃惊的是，这个瘦弱的女孩竟然获得了三枚金牌。
What_surprised_me_most_was_that the thin girl should have won three gold medals.
5．一些人生病的原因是他们不进行锻炼。
The_reason_why some people become ill is_that they don’t take up exercise.
6．没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。
No_one_can_deny_the_fact_that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.
Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一封信，尽可能多地使用名词性从句
假如你是李华，获悉你校英语学习社团准备创办一份中学生英文校刊以促进大家的英语学习。请你用英语给社团负责人Smith写一封信，一来表达你得知此事的喜悦心情，二来提出你喜欢的栏目(column)并简要说明理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．信的开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Mr.Smith，




Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Mr.Smith，
I am very excited to learn that our English learning club is going to start an English magazine.It is indeed a wonderful idea and I’m sure it will make a success.
I think it should be best if the school magazine would have three columns, such as School News, Teachers’ Advice and Students’ Voice.From the School News we can learn about what is going on in our school.In Teachers’ Advice, our teachers can give us advice on how we can learn English more efficiently.Students’ Voice will offer us a space to freely express our thoughts and feelings about our lives and studies.
I believe this magazine will surely benefit us, and I am looking forward to reading it.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua

学案(六)　避免头重脚轻的it句式
it除了用作人称代词外，还常用作形式主语或形式宾语，有时也可以用在一些固定句型中。灵活地运用it句式可使文章更高级，结构更紧凑。

在英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，经常运用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，作真正主语的常为不定式或从句，有时也可用动名词。
1．It takes (sb.) some time/energy ...to do sth.(某人)花费时间/精力做某事
It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.
他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。
2．It is/was＋形容词＋(of/for sb.) to do sth.做某事对某人来说是……的。
It’s necessary for you to have a good knowledge of Tang poetry.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
对唐诗有很好的了解对你来说是很有必要的。
3．It is/was＋形容词＋that ...
It is true that smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.
确实，智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色。
4．It is a virtue and tradition for sb.to do sth.做某事是某人的优良传统和美德。
It is a virtue and tradition for us Chinese people to help those in need.
帮助需要帮助的人是我们中华民族的优良传统和美德。
5．It’s really a (＋adj.)＋名词that ...的确……的是……
It’s really a good idea that we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
我们应该花点时间简单地看看唐朝的历史，这的确是个好主意。
6．It’s my great privilege to do sth.做某事是我的莫大荣幸。
It’s my great privilege to be here, sharing this moment with our friends from the Great Britain.(2016·天津高考书面表达)
在这儿与来自英国的朋友共度此刻是我的莫大荣幸。
7．It is/was＋过去分词＋that ...
It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.
据说格林先生已经到达北京了。
8．It seems/appears/happens＋that ...
Talking of energy saving and greenhouse reductions, it happens that I have read a report on this topic in a newspaper.
谈到节能减排，我碰巧在一份报纸上看到了一则有关这一话题的报道。
9．It hits/strikes/occurs to sb.that ...某人突然想到……
It occurred to me that I should give the rooms a thorough cleaning.
我突然想到我应该彻底打扫房间。
10．It is/was (about/high) time that ...到了该做……的时候了。
It is time that you should reflect/reflected upon your mistakes.
该是你反省思过的时候了。
11．It matters＋that/wh­/if/whether从句
It doesn’t matter whether you attend the party or not.
你是否参加聚会并不重要。
12．It is/was one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
It is your turn to pick up the kids from school this afternoon.
今天下午轮到你去学校接孩子了。
13．It is/was time for sb.to do sth.某人该做某事了
I know it is time for me to set out to do my homework, but I just can’t resist playing computer games.
我知道是开始做作业的时候了，但我就是忍不住要玩电脑游戏。
14．It is/was no good/use/useless doing sth.做某事没有用
In fact, it is no use complaining that you don’t have an opportunity to get an ideal job.
事实上，你抱怨得不到理想工作的机会是没有用的。
15．It is/was no surprise/wonder that ...……不足为怪/难怪……
The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house.It is no wonder that it’s so popular worldwide.
网络使我们在家就能了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐，难怪它在全世界那么受欢迎。
16．It goes without saying that ... 不用说……
Therefore, it goes without saying that it is this motto that brings me motivation and encouragement.
因此，不用说是这句箴言给我带来了动力和鼓励。
[即时演练]　用it句式补全句子
1．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)既然如此，根据评级来买书既方便又经济实惠。
In that case, it_is_both_convenient_and_economical_to_buy_books according to the ratings.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)非常遗憾我不得不取消我们周日一块儿逛书店的约定。
It’s_a_great_pity_that I have to cancel the appointment that I’ll go to the bookstore with you on Sunday.
3．(2016·天津高考书面表达)显然，这次经历将成为一个愉快的回忆。
It_is_evident_that_this experience will become a pleasant memory.

4．有可能我会在学校里作为一名志愿者当助教。
It_is_likely_that_I_will_work_as_a_volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.
5．据报道，这次事故源于司机的粗心驾驶。
It_was_reported_that the accident resulted from the driver’s careless driving.
6．而且，多与你的美国朋友一起参加户外活动对你更好，这可以有助于你放松，玩得开心。
What’s more, it_is_better_for_you_to_join_in_more_outdoor_activities with your American friends, which may help you relax and have fun.


it除了可以作形式主语外，还可作形式宾语，作形式宾语和在一些常见句型中的应用都可以提升文章的档次，使文章更高级。
1．动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do/doing/that从句(常见的动词有：find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume)
I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
我觉得和你一起学习唐诗是很有趣的。
2．I would appreciate it if ...如果……我将感激不尽
Now that the winter holiday is around the corner, I would appreciate it if you could post the new book as soon as possible according to the new address.
既然寒假即将来临，如果你尽快按新地址给我邮寄新书我将感激不尽。
3．Sb.likes/loves/hates/dislikes it when ... 某人喜欢/不喜欢……
I dislike it when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don’t like.
我不喜欢中国主人不停地给我夹我不喜欢的菜。
4．When it comes to ... 当谈到……
When it comes to the season I like best, spring will always occur to me in no time.(2016·四川高考书面表达)
当谈到我最喜欢的季节，我会立刻想到春天。
5．It is the first/second ...time that ... 这是第一/二……次……
It is the first time that I have been a volunteer, so I am now receiving all the training involved.(2017·天津高考书面表达)
这是我第一次做志愿者，所以我现在接受所有相关的培训。
6．It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...自从……多长时间了
It is already three years since he worked in this company, and now he can’t still find a job.
自从他离开这家公司以来已有三年了，现在还没有找到一份工作。
7．It＋be＋一段时间＋before ...多久之后就/才……
Don’t be upset.It will be half a year before we meet again.
不要伤心了，半年之后我们还会再见面。
[即时演练]　用it句式补全句子
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)作为你的密友，我认为这对你来说是一个很好的机会，所以我想告诉你一些有关它的细节。
As your close friend, I_think_it_a_great_opportunity_for_you,_so I’d like to tell you some details about it.
2．(2016·上海高考书面表达)父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子觉得很难不辜负父母的期望。
Parents usually have such high expectations that their children find_it_hard_to_live_up_ to_them.
3．当谈及选择时，我宁愿去旅游。
When_it_comes_to a choice, I prefer to go traveling.
[综合演练提能]　
Ⅰ.用it句式补全句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)这真是一个体验中国文化的好机会。
It_is_a_really_good_opportunity to experience Chinese culture.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我认为这会使你感兴趣，因为你一直热衷于乒乓球运动。
I_consider_it_interesting_for_you,_for you have been enthusiastic about ping­pong.
3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)在我看来，保护地球是每个人的责任。
As far as I’m concerned, it_is_everyone’s_duty_to_protect_the_earth.
4．(2015·北京高考书面表达)它给像你和我一样的青少年提供了一个享受运动和了解中国文化的机会。
It_offers_teenagers,_ like you and me, a_chance_to_enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.
5．(2015·广东高考满分作文)当谈及我所在的班级时，我必须说我不能忍受一些同学的自私。
When_it_comes_to my class, I have to say that I can’t stand some classmates’ selfishness.
Ⅱ.请按以下要点写一篇简讯，尽可能多地使用it句式
假定你是李华，应约为某英文网站写一则简讯，报道你校今天刚结束的中文诗词大赛(Chinese Poetry Contest)。内容包括：
1．目的(鼓励学习诗词文化)；
2．形式(朗读、背诵)；
3．结果。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
A Chinese Poetry Contest was successfully held in our school today.
It is helpful for students to know more about traditional Chinese poetry culture and attracted almost all the students and teachers in the school.
Twenty students from different classes competed with each other.Their performances, including reading poems aloud and reciting poems from memory, made it impressive for all the audience present.It was obvious that all of them had made good preparations for the contest.Finally, the prizes were awarded to the winners.
By attending activities of this kind, students have learned a lot about Chinese poetry and traditional culture.

学案(七)　言简意明的非谓语动词
众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。

写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用“三步法”：

[示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。
①I want to improve myself by reading some books.
②The books were written in the Tang Dynasty.
第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。
第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词write与主语the books之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。
I want to improve myself by reading some books written in the Tang Dynasty.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
其他几个转换的例子如下：
①Mount Tai stands in Shandong Province.It has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.
→Standing in Shandong Province, Mount Tai has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.(2017·北京高考书面表达)
②In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”．It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.
→In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
[即时演练]　用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．All the people here like the novel.It is written by Tom.
→All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom. (过去分词作定语)
2．The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher very angry.
→The_boy’s_coming_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry. (动名词作主语)
3．The boys were making the most of time.They wanted to finish the work earlier.
→The_boys_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_work_earlier.(不定式作目的状语)

用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。
[示例]
第一步：写出复合句。
Since you have realized that your time is limited, you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，realize与you之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。
Having realized that your time is limited, you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
其他几个转换的例子如下：
①We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to read and select books.
→In order to have more time to read and select books, we can set out early.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
②Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.
→Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(2015·湖北高考短文写作)
[即时演练]　用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.
→Carried_out_continuously,_it_will_benefit_all_of_us_greatly_and_we_are_sure_to_make_obvious_progress.(2015·广东高考满分作文)
2．When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.
→Faced_with_difficulties,_we_need_friends_to_give_us_comfort_and_help.
3．When I saw a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back.
→Seeing_a_car_running_towards_her,_I_reached_my_hand_out_and_pulled_her_back.
4．After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.
→Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.


1．remain to be done 有待于被……
Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.
我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。
2．疑问词＋to do
To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.
对你们所有新同学来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必须要面对的首要事情。
3．连词when/while/once/unless/although ...＋doing/done
We’ll take the books when participating in the Summer Camp this July to your school. (2015·天津高考书面表达)
我们将于今年7月赴贵校参加夏令营时带去(赠)书。
4．easy/difficult ...to do ...
Some bad habits such as smoking and drinking aren’t easy to get rid of.
像吸烟、酗酒等一些坏习惯不容易改掉。
5．prefer to do ...rather than do .../would rather do ...than do .../would do ...rather than do ... 宁愿做……，而不愿做……
Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.
如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。
6．having done ...　已经……
Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
几乎把所有的钱都花完了，我们没有钱住宾馆了。
7．by doing ... 通过做……
Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way he could imagine to handle stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.
在竞争激烈的环境下，他唯一能想到的应对压力的方式就是通过更加努力使自己变得更坚强。
8．only to do sth. (表示出乎意料的结果)
What’s worse, I found myself having a fever this morning and I went to the clinic for immediate treatment, only to be advised to stay in bed for three days.
更糟糕的是，今天早晨我发现自己发烧，立刻去诊所治疗，结果被建议卧床休息三天。
9．judging by/from ... 根据……判断
Judging from the expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us.
从她脸上的表情看，她一定有非常令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。
10．compared with/to ... 与……比较
There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.
有明显的证据表明，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。
11．be said/reported/considered ...to do ... 据说/报道/认为……
A bus full of passengers was reported to have gone out of control on a highway south of the city.
据报道，一辆满载乘客的公共汽车在市南的一条公路上失去了控制。
[即时演练]　用非谓语动词补全句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部电影将在这个周日下午放映，持续2个小时，从4点到6点。
The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon, lasting_2_hours,_from 4：00 to 6：00.
2．(2016·天津高考书面表达)回顾过去的两周，我们情不自禁想起了我们课堂上进行的那些激烈的讨论。
Looking_back_on_the_past_two_weeks,_we can’t help thinking of the heated discussions we had in class.
3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)在“地球日”前的一周，我们校园里就贴出大海报，号召我们学生为建立一个更加环保的地球而行动起来。
A week before Earth Day, a big poster was put up on campus, calling_upon_us_students_to_ take_action_for_a_greener_earth.
4．人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。
People can enjoy the moon while_eating_mooncakes,_which are the special food for this festival.
5．随着太空技术的快速发展，我们一定会在将来某一天奔赴月球。
With_space_technology_developing_rapidly,_we are sure to make a visit to the moon some day.
[综合演练提能]　
Ⅰ.用非谓语动词进行句型转换
1．I know my city well.I will have the responsibility to tell the passengers at the exit how to get to their destinations.
→Knowing_my_city_well,_I_will_have_the_responsibility_to_tell_the_passengers_at_the_exit_how_to_get_to_their_destinations.
2．As the society develops rapidly, it’s necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.
→With_the_society_developing_rapidly,_it’s_necessary_for_us_to_have_a_good_ knowledge_of_English_and_computer.
3．I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help.
→Feeling_quite_sorry_for_that,_I_begin_to_think_about_what_to_do_to_help.
4．When they heard the bad news, all the people present at the meeting puzzled about what they should do.
→On_hearing_the_bad_news,_all_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_puzzled_about_what_they_should_do.
Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一封邮件，尽可能多地使用非谓语动词
(2019·山西省质量检查)假如你是李华，在“国际青年服务日”(Global Youth Service Day)与同学去老年之家(nursing home)帮忙。请给网友Tom写封邮件，简述此次活动，内容包括：
1．时间、地点；
2．活动过程；
3．你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
The annual “Global Youth Service Day” is aimed at cultivating young people’s love of service.　
　
　
　
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Tom，
The annual “Global Youth Service Day” is aimed at cultivating young people’s love of service.On that day, my classmates and I went to the nearby nursing home and had a meaningful experience there.
Upon arrival, we had a free talk with the elderly residents, telling them our anecdotes and listening to theirs.At noon, we had a buffet lunch together in the cafeteria.While enjoying the meal, some talented students gave a wonderful folk dancing performance, making the elderly laugh and clap excitedly.With the meal over, we hugged each other and said goodbye.
We appreciate participating in this activity, which has helped to build an emotional connection between the old and the young.In fact, if everyone could contribute a little, our community would definitely have a brighter future!
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua

学案(八)　彰显水平的强调句型、倒装句型和There be句型
特殊句式是英语中的高级表达，其中，强调和倒装句型是最为常见的特殊句式，它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。另外there be句型在写作中也是一种常见的高级表达。

强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。其基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。
It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us. (2016·天津高考书面表达)
不仅是你的热情，而且团队合作和良好的精神状态给我们留下了深刻的印象。
在写作中，我们可以通过强调句型将句子提高到一个新的档次，写作时可采用“四步法”：

[示例]

1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他．
It is because it’s a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China and make new friends that we really wish you can join us.(2017·6月浙江高考写作)
这是因为它是你学习中国的自然知识和结交新朋友的好机会，我们真的希望你能加入我们。
2．Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？
Was it in that park that the children saw the strange green objects?
正是在那个公园里孩子们看见了那些奇怪的绿色物体吗？
3．特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？
When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?
是什么时候你下定决心要当一名志愿者老师的？
4．It is/was not until ...that ...
It was not until 7：30 that he got home yesterday, so his parents were very worried.
昨天直到7：30他才到家，所以他的父母很担心。
5．强调谓语时，借助于do/does/did＋动词原形
We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.(2015·北京高考满分作文)
我们确实希望今后有更多有意义的活动。
[即时演练]　用强调句型进行句型转换
1．By the way, I hope that you can help me improve my English writing ability, especially the proper use of vocabulary and some important grammar.(强调谓语)
→_By_the_way,_I_do_hope_that_you_can_help_me_improve_my_English_writing_ability,_especially_the_proper_use_of_vocabulary_and_some_important_grammar. (2015·四川高考书面表达)
2．The teacher’s praise contributes to my success.(强调主语)
→It_is_the_teacher’s_praise_that_contributes_to_my_success.(2015·湖南高考书面表达)
3．We spend the time and energy on the present that makes it valuable, rather than the money we pay.(强调宾语)
→It_is_the_time_and_energy_we_spend_on_the_present_that_makes_it_valuable,_rather_than_the_money_we_pay.

在写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。
在写作中，我们可以通过倒装让句子更高级。
①We can help to construct an energy­saving society only with joint efforts.
→Only with joint efforts can we help to construct an energy­saving society.
②He not only made a promise， but also he kept it.
→Not only did he make a promise， but also he kept it.
1．“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.(2015·湖南高考满分作文)
只有以这种方式，我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。
2．none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
No sooner/Hardly had he finished his talk than/when he was surrounded by the excited workers.
他刚一结束讲话就被兴奋的工人们围了起来。
3．在so/such ...that ...结构中，当so/such ...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
他开车如此粗心，以至于差点把自己害死了。
4．as/though尽管……
Child as/though he is, he knows a lot about astronomy.
虽然他是个孩子，但他知道很多天文学知识。
5．were/should/had ... 如果……
①Were I two years younger, I would suggest that I invest in today.
如果我年轻两岁，我会建议投资现在。
②Looking back, I feel I wouldn’t be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.
回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车。
6．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。
①In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.(2015·上海高考满分作文)
在图画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。
②For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.
有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。
[即时演练]　用倒装句型进行句型转换
1．His poems not only have a strong influence on the Chinese literature, but also his poems have been translated into many foreign languages.
→Not_only_do_his_poems_have_a_strong_influence_on_the_Chinese_literature,_but_also_his_poems_have_been_translated_into_many_foreign_languages.(2016·北京高考书面表达)
2．You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.
→So_kind_and_considerate_are_you_that_we_hope_to_be_friends_with_you_no_matter_where_you_are.(2016·天津高考书面表达)
3．The children can grow up to be mentally and physically healthy only in this way.
→Only_in_this_way_can_the_children_grow_up_to_be_mentally_and_physically_healthy.
4．The local government didn’t realize the problem until the river was seriously polluted.
→Not_until_the_river_was_seriously_polluted_did_the_local_government_realize_the_problem.
5．A group of young men rushed out, still discussing the performance with great interest.
→Out_rushed_a_group_of_young_men,_still_discussing_the_performance_with_great_interest.


there be句型有很多变式，恰当地运用there be句型及其变式对提升写作大有帮助。
1．There be ...(be可用各种时态)
There is going to be a paper­cutting exhibition in the Folk Art Museum on Sunday.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
星期日，在民间美术馆将有一个剪纸展览。
2．There＋情态动词＋be ...
Today is National Day, I think there should be many cars on freeway.
今天是国庆节，我认为高速路上车辆应该很多。
3．There be sb./sth.doing sth.(doing sth.为现在分词作后置定语)
There are many students standing in a queue to welcome the old soldier.
有很多学生正站队欢迎这位老兵。
4．There be sth.to do/to be done
There is still much to discuss/to be discussed.We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting.
还有许多事情要讨论，因此，我们将在下次会议上再次讨论这项内容。
5．There stands/lies/exists/remains/lives/comes/goes ...
There remains some doubt among the public as to whether the policy will work.
公众依旧怀疑这项政策是否会有效。
6．There seems/appears/happens/used to be ...
There happened to be a lot of people by the road.They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.
路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。
7．There is no denying that ... 不可否认……
There is no denying that it was my teacher’s encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.
不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。
8．There be no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……
There is no doubt that it is a good chance for us to learn from each other and know more about each other.
毫无疑问，这是一个我们彼此相互学习和相互了解的好机会。
9．There is no need to do ... 没有必要做……
There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs.
没必要为此担心，因为现在政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。
10．There is no sense/point in doing ... 做……是没有意义的/道理的
There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.
把重要决定留给没有经验的人是没有道理的。
[即时演练]　用There be句型补全句子
1．我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
There_is_a_teacher_and_many_students_in our classroom.
2．在那座山顶上矗立着一座高塔。
There_stands_a_tall_tower on the top of the hill.
3．从那时起，我们的国家发生了巨大的变化。
There_have_been great changes in our country since then.
4．机场外有很多粉丝正等着见那位著名的歌手。
There_are_many_fans_waiting to see the famous singer outside the airport.
5．毫无疑问，写英语日记对你的书面英语很有帮助。
There_is_no_doubt_that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with written English.
[综合演练提能]　
Ⅰ.用强调句型、倒装句型或There be句型补全句子
1．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)毫无疑问，完全依赖消费排名是不明智的。
There_is_no_doubt_that_it_is_unwise_to_depend completely on the ratings in consumption.
2．(2016·北京高考书面表达)正是他的不懈努力使得中国逐渐发生变化。
It_was_his_continuous_efforts_that caused China to change gradually.
3．(2015·江苏高考满分作文)遵守规则让社会发展平稳、人民生活安定是每个人的责任。
It_is_everyone’s_responsibility_to_obey_the_rules_to keep the society in order and people’s lives safe.
4．(2015·天津高考满分作文)如果还有什么我可以为你做的事情，请尽快与我联系。
If_there_is_anything_else_I_can_do_for_you,_please contact me as soon as possible.
5．(2015·四川高考满分作文)只有通过练习你才能发现这种语言的魅力。
Only_through_practice_can_you_find the beauty of this language.
6．刚好在我们房子的前面有一棵1 000年树龄的大树，现在它已经被政府保护起来了。
Just in_front_of_our_house_stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years, which is protected by the government now.
Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇英语短文，尽可能多地使用强调句型、倒装句型和There be句型
1．在我的家乡曾经有一条小河，鱼儿在河中快乐地游着。
2．每当我看见这条小河，我禁不住会想到我快乐的童年。
3．现在不仅河中没有了鱼，而且发出难闻的气味。
4．据说是附近的一家化工厂使得河水受到了如此严重的污染。
5．我认为确实到了政府该采取措施制止污染的时候了。
6．只有拥有蓝天、白云、绿水我们才能过上幸福的生活。
参考范文：
There used to be a river in my hometown, in which fish were swimming happily.Whenever I saw it, I couldn’t help thinking of my happy childhood.But now not only are there no fish left but also it gives off a terrible smell.It is said that it was a chemical works nearby that made the river so seriously polluted.I think it’s high time that the government took measures to stop it from being polluted.Only when we have blue sky, white clouds and clean water can we live a happy life.

学案(九)　用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型
被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较等句型在写作中都属于高级句式，它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。

英文中被动语态的使用比汉语要多，要普遍。一般说来，当强调动作承受者、不必说出动作执行者或执行者含糊不清时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以赢得更高的分数。
1．主动语态变被动语态
①To enlarge vocabulary, we should read more native materials.
→To enlarge vocabulary, more native materials should be read.
②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
2．写作中常见的被动语态
(1)be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态)
①Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.
当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。
②The exhibition will be held from 9：00 am to 5：00 pm the day after tomorrow in Folk Custom Museum.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
展览将于后天上午9点至下午5点在民俗博物馆举行。
(2)情态动词＋be＋过去分词
①To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.
为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。
②As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.
正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。
(3)get＋过去分词
①The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.
通往停车场的入口太小了，经常堵车。
②I’m feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because one of my feet got injured.
我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的一只脚受伤了。
[即时演练]　句型转换(主动语态变被动语态)
1．Above all, we must do something to stop pollution.
→Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution.
2．It is true that many things determine our future.
→It_is_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things.
3．We encourage all the employees to work online at home.
→All_the_employees_are_encouraged_to_work_online_at_home.
4．I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.
→It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds.


虚拟语气是高中阶段较难掌握的句型之一，在运用时要注意表达的准确性。在高考作文中，不常需要表达不可能实现的非真实条件，而一般表达要求、愿望或者强调论述观点的客观性。
1．陈述语气变虚拟语气
①I didn’t take his advice, so I failed in the exam.
→If I had taken his advice, I wouldn’t have failed in the exam.
②It’s time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.
→It’s time that we took/should take measures to protect endangered animals.
2．写作中常见的虚拟语气
(1)if型虚拟语气，如果……，就……
Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.
第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。
(2)wish型虚拟语气，希望……
Besides, I wish there wouldn’t be too many students in a class.
另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。
(3)as if/though型虚拟语气，好像……
Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just happened.
童年的一切一下子涌入我的大脑，仿佛刚刚发生似的。
(4)if only型虚拟语气，要是……就好了；但愿……
If only I could go back and reset my goals.(2015·重庆高考写作)
要是我能够回到过去重订目标该有多好。
(5)It’s (high/about) time (that) ...型虚拟语气，是……的时候了
It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make changes.
确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出改变的时候了。
(6)(should) do型虚拟语气，应该……
To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people.(2015·四川高考满分作文)
为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人进行练习。
(7)without/but for/but that含蓄型虚拟语气，没有……，要不是……
Without your help, I couldn’t have won first place in the English Speaking Competition.
要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
[即时演练]　 用虚拟语气补全句子
1．看我现在所处的糟糕境地！要是我听了你的建议就好了！
Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_had_taken_your_advice!
2．如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。
_If_she_had_been_here_five_minutes_earlier_/_Had_she_been_here_five_minutes_earlier,_ she would have seen her old friend.
3．建议每个人都应多吃水果和蔬菜。
It is suggested that everyone_(should)_eat more fruit and vegetables.
4．如果不是有你的帮助，这次实验我就不会成功。
If_it_were_not_for your help, I would_not_have_succeeded in the experiment.
5．是我们该下定决心努力学习的时候了。
It’s high time that we_made/should_make_up_our_minds to study hard.

表示倍数和比较的句型相对较多，在写作中灵活运用这些句型有利于提高表达的准确性，提升文章的档次。
1．倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋(名词)＋as
After the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year is twice as much as that of last year.
引进新技术后，今年汽车的产量是去年的两倍。
2．the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……，就越……
The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.(2015·广东高考满分作文)
老师做得越少，学生就做得越多，他们学会的就越多。
3．比较级＋than＋any (other)＋名词单数 ...比任何其他的都……
Mike is more hardworking than any other student in the class.
迈克比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。
4．prefer ...to ...喜欢……胜过……
As for wild release and controlled release, I prefer the latter one to the former one.(2015·重庆高考满分作文)
对于自由分享和定向分享，我喜欢后者胜过前者。
5．be senior/junior to 比……年长/年龄小；(地位或级别等)比……高/低
Mr.Liu is three years senior to me, but he is junior to me in our company.
刘先生长我3岁，但在公司里级别比我低。
[即时演练]　用倍数和比较句型补全句子
1．我们的城市已经扩展成了一个大城市，是原来的4倍大。
Our city has developed into a big one, which is four_times_as_big as it used to be.
2．学生被鼓励得越多，他学习就会越努力。
The_more a student is encouraged, the_harder he will work at his lessons.
[综合演练提能]　
Ⅰ.根据要求补全句子
1．人们把我当作一个危险的人对待。(虚拟语气)
People treat me as_if_I_were_a_dangerous_person.
2．我宁愿他们昨天没去上学。(虚拟语气)
I’d rather they_hadn’t_gone_to_school_yesterday.
3．诺言一旦许下，就不能违背。(被动语态)
Once a promise is_made,_it_shouldn’t_be_broken.
4．作为一名学生，我认为应该采取一些措施保护我们的环境。(被动语态)
As a student, I think some_measures_should_be_taken to protect our environment.
5．如果当时你努力的话，你就能轻松地通过期末考试。(虚拟语气)
If you had_worked_hard,_ you would_have_easily_passed the final exam.
6．是我们该采取措施与经济领域的犯罪作斗争的时候了。(虚拟语气)
It’s_high_time_that_we_took/should_take_measures to fight against crimes in economic field.
7．如今，一些青少年宁愿在家看电视也不愿意出去做运动。(比较句型)
Nowadays some teenagers prefer_to_watch_TV_at_home_rather_than_go_out to do exercise.
8．应该鼓励学生养成良好的习惯以及表现得更得体。(被动语态)
Students should_be_encouraged to develop good habits and behave themselves better.
Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇英语短文，尽可能多地使用被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型
1．我的家乡发生了巨大的变化，建起了很多新房，人们的生活水平有了很大提高。
2．一般来说，我们越富裕就会感觉越幸福。
3．如果你处在一个严重污染的环境中，你的心情不会好。
4．要是我们永远有一个干净整洁的环境就好了。
5．我强烈建议采取措施制止污染。
参考范文：
Great changes have taken place in my hometown, where a lot of new houses have been built.People’s living standard has been raised greatly.
Generally speaking, the richer we are, the happier we feel.But if you were in a badly­polluted environment, you wouldn’t be in a good mood.If only we always had a very clean and tidy environment! I strongly suggest that measures (should) be taken to stop pollution.