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2020版高考一轮复习英语新课改外研版学案:选修6Module3InterpersonalRelation-Ships-Friendship
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(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1.interpersonal adj. 人际关系的,人与人之间的
2.note n. 钞票,纸币
3.fair n. 义卖会
4.underwear n. 内衣
5.swing v. (使)旋转,(使)摆动
6.confront v. 面对(危险、困难)
7.betray v. 背叛
8.cage n. 笼子
9.swell v. 肿,肿大
10.squirrel n. 松鼠
11.slide v. 滑,滑行,滑落
12.tiny adj. 细小的,细微的,微小的
13.carpenter n. 木匠,木工
14.broom n. 扫帚
15.cigar n. 雪茄
16.slip v. 滑倒,失足
17.damp adj. 潮湿的
18.scratch v. 擦伤,划伤
19.moody adj.[纵联1] 喜怒无常的
20.spy n. 间谍,侦探
21.acute adj. 剧烈的,急剧的
22.pace v. 踱步走
23.reunite v. 重聚
24.partner n. 合伙人,共同出资人
25.theft n. 偷,盗窃
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1.trust v.[纵联2] 信赖,信任
2.chat v. 闲谈,聊天
3.amount_n. 数量
4.raise v. 筹措(金钱)
5.count v.[纵联3] 数
6.lively adj. 活泼的,有生气的
7.quarrel v. & n. 吵架
8.alike adj. 相像的,相似的
9.scold v. 责备,申斥
10.hurt adj. (感到)痛苦的,受到伤害的
11.harvest n. 收获
12.tear v. 撕破,撕裂
13.privilege n. 权利,特权
14._flee v. 逃跑,逃走
15.mention v. 提到,涉及
16.bottom n. 底部,底端
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1.close adj.亲密的,亲近的→closely adv.接近地;紧密地;亲近地 [纵联4]
2.financially adv.财政上地→financial adj.财政上的;金融的→finance n.财政;金融
3.regret v.& n.后悔,悔恨→regretful adj.懊悔的;遗憾的
4.considerate adj.体贴的,考虑周到的→consider v.考虑→considering prep.鉴于;考虑到→consideration n.考虑
5.forgive v.原谅,宽恕→forgiveness n.原谅
6.loss n.损失→lose v.丢失→lost_adj.失去的
7.ripen v.成熟→ripe adj.成熟的
8.perfect adj.完美的→perfectly adv.完美地
9.predict v.预言,预测→prediction n.预言,预测
10.liar n.撒谎者→lie v.& n.撒谎;谎言
纵联1.y结尾形容词聚焦
①moody喜怒无常的 ②stormy暴风雨的
③foggy有雾的 ④tidy整洁的
⑤pretty漂亮的 ⑥naughty淘气的
⑦bloody血腥的 ⑧funny滑稽的
纵联2.“信任,依靠”一家亲
①trust v.信任,信赖 ②believe in信任,信仰
③rely on/upon信赖,依靠 ④count on/upon指望
⑤depend on/upon依靠
纵联3.count形近词大观园
①discount n.折扣 ②counter n.柜台
③county n.县 ④country n.农村
⑤account n.账户 ⑥countless adj.无数的
纵联4.同根副词意思不同
①close接近地 closely仔细地
②hard努力地 hardly几乎不
③late晚 lately最近
④most非常 mostly主要地
⑤deep在深处 deeply深刻地
⑥high高 highly高度地
⑦wide广阔地 widely广泛地
⑧slow慢慢地 slowly慢慢地
单元话题——人际关系
子话题1 和谐关系
①harmonious adj. 和谐的
②respectful adj. 恭敬的,有礼貌的
③accompany vt. 陪同,陪伴
④cooperate vi. 合作
⑤brotherhood n. 兄弟般的关系
⑥be in harmony with ... 与……和谐相处
⑦fit in with ... 与……相适应/相融洽
⑧build good relationship 建立良好关系
⑨share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦
⑩promote friendship with ... 增进同……的友谊
子话题2 不和谐关系
①conflict n. 冲突
②barrier n. 屏障,障碍
③friction n. 摩擦
④prejudice n. 偏见,成见
⑤tension n. 紧张局势
⑥abuse vt. 虐待;辱骂;滥用
⑦condemn vt. 谴责,指责,宣判
⑧break up 分手;解散;结束
⑨be fed up with 受够了
⑩have words with ... 与……发生口角
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1.(2013·湖北高考阅读B)A child of the Depression (大萧条), Sheila __❶__ (raise) in Brooklyn by parents who considered❷ education a luxury (奢侈的) for girls.Starting with her college education, she has fought for everything she's ever accomplished.Perri, on the other hand, grew up __❸__ (privilege) in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s.
①用raise的正确形式填空:was_raised,在句中意为:抚养;养育;培养
②写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词:considerate
③用privilege的正确形式填空:privileged
2.(2013·四川高考阅读C)“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount❶ of useless equipment simply for huge❷ profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people,” Judge Richard Hone told McCormick. “You have neither regret❸, nor shame, nor any sense of guilt.”
①写出amount在句中的含义:数量。短语a great amount of意为:大量地
②写出加黑词在本单元的反义词:tiny
③写出regret在句中的含义:后悔,悔恨
3.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)I will give an example.A few years ago my older brother and I were not getting along. We had been close❶ as children but had grown apart. Our meetings were not pleasant; our conversation was filled with arguments and __❷__(quarrel); and every effort to clear the air seemed to only deepen our misunderstanding. Then he moved to a small island in the Caribbean and we __❸__ touch.
①写出close在句中的含义:亲密的,亲近的
②用quarrel的正确形式填空:quarrels
③选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项:__A__
A.lost B.kept in C.needed D.got in
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1.(2015·湖北高考写作)如果我们习惯于对我们被告知的事情是否是真的提出疑问,我们就能发现正确答案并学会更多。(raise)
If_we_are_in_the_habit_of_raising_doubts_as_to_whether_what_we_are_told_is_true,_we_can_find_the_correct_answer_and_learn_more.
2.(2015·江苏高考书面表达)实际上,交通规则是与公共秩序密切相关的规章制度的一部分。(closely)
In_fact,_traffic_rules_are_part_of_the_rules_and_regulations_closely_related_to_public order.
3.(2014·安徽高考书面表达)重要的事情是要学会控制自己的脾气,以便你不会说或者做令自己后悔的事情。(regret)
The_important_thing_is_to_learn_to_control_your_temper_so_that_you_may_not_do_or_say_anything_you'll_regret._
(二)课堂重点释疑
1.raise v.筹措(金钱);举起,抬起;提高;养育;饲养;提出;引起;使出现
[辨清] 写出下列句中raise的含义
①(2016·北京高考)New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.提高
②It's difficult to raise two children on a small income.养育
③When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their heads slowly so that we could share our musical journeys. 抬起
④They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can. 筹措
⑤She is a founding member of Language Poets, a group in American poetry that analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think.提出
[记牢]
raise one's hand/eyes 举手/举目
raise money/funds 筹措资金
raise one's voice 提高嗓音
raise one's awareness 提高某人的意识
[练通] 补全句子
⑥In order to make himself heard, the professor raised_his_voice.
为了能让别人听到,教授提高了嗓门。
[写美] 补全句子
⑦我想为熊猫代言以便我能学到更多如何保护它们的知识,并提高人们保护动物的意识。
I would like to speak for pandas so that I can learn more about how to protect them and raise_people's_awareness_of_animal_protection.
2.count v.数;计数;认为,看作;重要,有价值;算得上n.计数;总数
[记牢]
(1)count ... as ... 把……看作……
count in/out 把/不把……计算在内
count on/upon 指望,依靠
count on it that ... 依靠/指望……
(2)countable adj. 可数的
countless adj. 无数的,数不尽的
[练通] 单句语法填空
①If you go to Beijing for a trip, please count me in.
②You can count on/upon him because he is a reliable man.
③There are countless (count) fallen leaves as if they were a red blanket covering the ground.
④We can only count on it that he will rescue us.
[写美] 句子升级
⑤(2015·福建高考书面表达)What is important is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story.
→It_is_not_the_story_itself_but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts.(强调句型)
3.regret v.& n.后悔,悔恨;遗憾;抱歉
[记牢]
(1)regret doing/having done sth. 对做过的事后悔(后悔已做过)
regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
regret that ... 很遗憾(委婉地表示不能做某事)
(2)with great/deep regret 非常遗憾
to one's regret=to the regret of sb. 令某人遗憾/抱歉的是
(3)regretful adj. 懊悔的;遗憾的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I regret leaving/having_left (leave) the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
②I regret to_inform (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed.
③It is with great regret that I must decline to raise money for you.
补全句子
④Much_to_my_regret,_I won't be able to enjoy Christmas with you.
令我非常遗憾的是,我不能与你们共度圣诞节了。
[用准] regret后接动名词时,表示“后悔做了某事”;后接不定式(多为to say/to tell/to inform)时,一般表示“对即将发生的事表示遗憾/抱歉”。
[写美] 句子升级
⑤In our life we may meet many failures, as long as we try our best, we needn't regret for these failures.
→In our life we may meet many failures, as long as we try our best, there's_no_need_to_feel_regretful_for these failures.(there's no need ..., regretful)
[联想] 后接动名词、不定式作宾语时意义不同的动词(短语)还有:
(1)
(2)
4.mention v.& n.提到,涉及;说起
[记牢]
(1)mention doing sth. 提到做某事
向某人提及……
not to mention=without mentioning
更不用说,更谈不上;且不说
Don't mention it. 不要客气/不用谢/没关系。
(2)make no mention of 没提及,没提到
[练通]
单句语法填空
①In the interview, the singer mentioned her childhood to the journalist.
②I hear they've promoted Tom, but Tom didn't mention having_been_promoted (promote) when we talked on the phone.
补全句子
③The boy is good at advanced mathematics, not_to_mention/without_mentioning_such an easy problem.
这个男孩连高等数学都擅长,更不用说这么简单的问题了。
[写美] 翻译句子
④我希望上述提到的或许会有帮助,并祝你旅途愉快。
I_hope_what's_mentioned_above_might_be_helpful_and_wish_you_a_good_journey.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.First, talk to someone you trust (信赖) about how you feel.
2.Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting (聊天) with the elderly people.
3.Life is a gift and privilege (特权), one we should appreciate every day of our lives.
4.All happy families are alike (相似的); each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
5.When he was sliding (滑行) on the snow, he slipped (滑倒) over and broke his legs.
6.He makes contact with wealthy people in raising (筹集) money for the project.
7.Jim was scolded (责备) by his mother for coming home late.
8.They quarreled (吵架) with one another about how to solve the disagreement.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.I am sure that I can perfectly (perfect) live up to your expectations.
2.However far away we are, we feel close to each other.
3.This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting (hurt) others or yourself.
4.The death of the outstanding scientist was a great loss (lose) to the whole world.
5.I don't quarrel with you about the right to speak, but about your way of speaking.
6.When he called me yesterday, he didn't mention having_met (meet) you in the park.
7.I was very late that morning on my way to school and afraid of being_scolded (scold).
8.After she finished reading the letter, she was so angry that she tore (tear) it into pieces.
9.We regret to_hear (hear) that nearly half of the people in that area still live below the poverty line.
10.Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students in need of financial (finance) aid.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1.迈克尔通知我们他耽搁了以防我们担心,他真是考虑周到。(considerate)
It_was_considerate_of_Michael_to_inform_us_of his delay in case we got worried.
2.人们筹集了大量的钱送到遭受水灾的难民手中。(amount, raise)
Large_amounts_of_money_have_been_raised to be sent to the refugees in the flooded area.
3.在困难的时候他指望不上朋友帮助他了,因为他是个自私的家伙。(count)
He cannot count_on_his_friends_to_help_him any longer when in trouble, for he is a selfish guy.
4.你现在出去踢足球太晚了,更不用说正在下雨。(mention)
It's far too late for you to go out and play football, not_to_mention the fact that it's raining.
5.他并不后悔发表评论,但是感觉本可以用不同的方式来表达。(regret)
He didn't regret_giving/having_given_the_comment but felt he could have expressed it differently.
(一)课前自主学习
1.burst_out 突然发生,突然……起来
2.knock_...over (开车)撞伤,撞死
3.lose_interest_in 对……失去兴趣
4.from_time_to_time 偶尔,有时
5.turn_round 转过身来
6.keep_in_touch 保持联系
7.lose_touch_with 与……失去联系
8.(be)_ashamed_of 对……感到惭愧/羞耻
9.(be)_on_good_terms_with 与某人关系很好
10.all_at_once 突然,忽然
11.bring_..._to_mind [串记1] 使……想起
12.in_return 反过来,作为交换
13.belong_to [串记2] 属于
14.from_the_bottom_of_one's_heart [串记3]
真心诚意地,发自内心地
[同根短语串记]
串记1.mind使人想起
①bring ...to mind 使……想起
②bear/keep ...in mind 记住……
③make up one's mind 下决心,决定
④change one's mind 改变主意
⑤absence of mind 走神
串记2.“v.+介词to”短语多棱镜
①belong to属于 ②lead to导致
③keep to遵守,坚持 ④contribute to有助于
⑤admit to承认 ⑥turn to求助于
串记3.bottom相关短语大观园
①from the bottom of one's heart 发自内心地
②at the bottom of 在……底部
③from top to bottom 彻底地
④at bottom 实际上;本质上
1.tell a joke 讲笑话
2.go through 检查,搜查;经历
3.raise money 筹款
4.hold up 举起;抬起;耽搁
5.on the phone 在通电话
6.make up 和好,和解
7.(be) blessed with 享有……的福气
8.be allergic to 对……过敏
1.I remember the_first_time I met Roy.
我记得第一次见到罗伊的情景。
2.Having_left_something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it ...
因为我把东西落在衣帽间了,我就进去取它……
3.It would_have_been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited.
要是没有“老友重聚”网站的帮助,我就不可能找到我女儿。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子/词汇替换)
1.(2012·湖南高考完形填空)Keeping_in_touch_with_our_friends (和我们的朋友保持联系) is an important part of friendship.
2.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst into tears.(用本单元短语替换加黑部分)burst_out_crying
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语(补全句子/词汇升级)
1.(2015·广东高考写作)她制定了一些充满爱和尊重的规则来“管理”她的学生。作为回报,她的学生展示出新的面貌。
She made some rules full of love and respect to “manage” her students.In_return,_her students took on a completely new look.
2.(2011·北京高考书面表达)他必须做的是转过身来,越过桥,走向那棵树。
All he has to do is to_turn_around,_cross the bridge and walk to the tree.
3.(2015·浙江高考书面表达)Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.(用本单元短语替换加黑词)From_time_to_time
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1.burst out突然发生,突然……起来
[记牢]
burst out doing (laughing/crying)=burst into+n.(laughter/tears) 突然(大笑/大哭)起来
burst in 突然闯进;突然插嘴
burst into ... 闯入……
burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支
[练通] 单句语法填空
①Seeing their daughter and dog coming back, the parents burst into tears of relief.
②He felt he would burst with anger and shame.
③The door opened suddenly and the children burst in.
[用准] 表示“闯入”时,burst in是不及物动词短语,若加宾语需加介词on,而burst into是及物动词短语。
[写美] 一句多译
听到这个,全班同学都大笑起来,我的同桌的脸变红了。
④Hearing this, the whole class burst_into_laughter and my deskmate's face turned red.(burst into)
⑤Hearing this, the whole class burst_out_laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.(burst out)
2.keep in touch保持联系
[记牢]
(1)get in touch with sb. 和某人取得联系(动作)
be/keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(状态)
(2)lose touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(动作)
be out of touch with sb./sth. 和某人失去联系(状态);不了解……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①We will get in touch as soon as we know the result of the test.
补全句子
②Believe it or not, I _have_been/kept_in_touch_with him for ten years.
信不信由你,十年来我和他一直保持联系。
[用准] keep/be in touch with和be out of touch with表状态,可与时间段连用;而get in touch with和lose touch with表动作,不能与时间段连用。
[写美] 补全句子
③我需要手机与家人、朋友保持联系,而且几乎所有信息都可以在网上搜集。
I need a cell phone to_keep_in_touch_with_my_friends_and_family,_and almost all information can be gathered on the Internet.
3.in return反过来,作为交换;作为回报
[记牢]
in return for 作为对……的报答(交换)
in turn 依次,转而
by turns 轮流
[练通] 单句语法填空
①(2017·天津高考)We offer an excellent education to our students. In return, we expect students to work hard.
②He gave her some roses in return for her kindness.
③What happens in the world makes us happy and sad by turns.
[写美] 翻译句子
④如果我们微笑面对生活,生活也会以微笑回报我们。
If_we_smile_at_life,_life_will_smile_on_us_in_return.
[句式集释]
without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
[教材原句] It would_have_been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)(2015·重庆高考)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn't_have_written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
假如没有战时的那些经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了,武器》。
(2)(2018·北京高考)Without his support, we wouldn't_be where we are now.
假如没有他的支持,我们就不会取得现在的成就。
(3)(2015·安徽高考)It is lucky we booked a room, or_we_would_have nowhere to stay now.
很幸运,我们订了个房间,否则我们现在就无处安身了。
(4)(2015·江苏高考)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but_for Thomas Edison.
要不是托马斯·爱迪生,我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)在without含蓄虚拟结构中,如果与过去事实相反的假设,则主句谓语动词用would/could/might+have done;与现在事实相反的假设,则主句谓语动词用would/could/might+do。
(2)含蓄虚拟条件句还可以用but for, otherwise, or, but等词(或词组)来引导。
注意事项
otherwise, or构成的含蓄虚拟语气模式为“真实情况+otherwise/or+虚拟情况”;而but构成的含蓄虚拟语气其模式为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。
[背写作佳句]
(1)Without dustmen's work, the streets would be filled with rubbish and the city would be out of order.(要点句)
(2)I would have gone to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
burst out, knock ...over, from time to time, go through, turn round, make up, keep in touch, be on good terms with, all at once, in return
1.You use polite words, in_return,_these words will provide you with magic power.
2.Nowadays many parents keep_in_touch with their children who are at college by WeChat.
3.Miss Zhang is_on_good_terms_with her students and they treat her as their best friend.
4.Seeing the funny clown appear on the stage, all the audience burst_out laughing.
5.Joe was knocked_over by a truck, but not seriously hurt.
6.Hearing someone calling me, I turned_round and saw Peter standing behind me.
7.They two finally made_up after two months' time without even a single word.
8.All_at_once she decided she wasn't going, but she didn't explain why.
9.She remains optimistic in spite of so much hardship she has gone_through.
10.He had to wipe the sweat from his forehead from_time_to_time because the air conditioner broke down.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1.工作了两天,史蒂夫设法如期完成了他的报告。(现在分词作状语)
Having_worked_for_two_days,_Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
2.我永远不会忘记我第一次在这么多人前面做演讲的情景。(the first time引导的定语从句)
I will never forget the_first_time_I_made_a_speech in front of so many people.
3.要是没有我英语老师的帮助,我不会在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。(without 引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)
I would_not_have_won_first_prize in the English Writing Competition without_the_help_of_my English teacher.
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Each day is a new chapter in your life, no matter where you start or how you begin. You are writing your life's story. It has all the possibilities you can imagine or you haven't thought of yet. We are so eager to reach these possibilities that we sometimes forget to love today.
Loving today just as it is isn't easy. Many of us are not where we want to be. We are not seeing things come as quickly as we wish. We are in a hurry to get somewhere in our future. We have to first learn to love today just as it is. We also need to learn to stop complaining about where we are right now. We need to change the way we see today, and look for all of the great things that exist in the present.
Even if the circumstances are not ideal or our present place is far away from where we want to be, we must have gratitude for where we are right now and find joy there. Gratitude for all things and situations in our lives will get us in harmony with our life. Appreciate the opportunity to learn from today and experience what today offers. Understand that what we do right now and how we feel right now will create tomorrow. Loving today as it is will bring us the best versions of our future.
I enjoy today moment by moment. I know bad moments will pass and good moments will come. I also know that I needn't wait to feel joy. I choose to love today just because I created this day for myself in the yesterdays that have passed. I am creating my tomorrow with my joy for today.
This is what I work toward each morning as I wake up. Most days I am successful at it. Even though I don't fully succeed in it, I learn from it, so the new day will be better.
[写作步骤]
第一步:归纳主旨大意
主旨大意:本文是一篇议论文,论述了热爱今天的重要性。 要学会享受今天,感激今天给予的一切,这样你才会有一个美好的明天。
短文结构分析:全文分为四个部分。
第一部分(第一段):我们经常忘记热爱今天;
第二部分(第二段):做到热爱今天不容易;
第三部分(第三段):热爱、感激今天为你带来的一切;
第四部分(第四、五段):我充分享受今天的每一刻;
第二步:提炼关键词
Part 1:
1.Your life has all the possibilities you can imagine or you haven't thought of yet.
2.We are so eager to reach these possibilities that we sometimes forget_to_love_today.
Part 2:
3.Loving_today just as it is isn't easy.
4.We need to change_the_way we see today.
Part 3:
5.Even if the circumstances are not ideal or our present place is far away from where we want to be, we must have_gratitude_for_where_we_are_right_now and find joy there.
6.Loving today as it is will bring_us_the_best_versions_of_our_future.
Part 4:
7.I enjoy_today moment by moment.
8.I choose to love_today just because I created_this_day for myself in the yesterdays that have passed.
第三步:合并和改写
1.要点1和2
合并:Our life has so many possibilities to reach, so we sometimes forget to love today.
改写:With so_many_possibilities_to_reach,_we sometimes forget to love today.
2.要点3和4
合并:Loving today just as it is isn't easy so we need to change the way we see today.
改写:Loving today just as it is isn't easy, but we should try_our_best to do it.
3.要点5和6
合并:We must have gratitude for where we are right now because loving today as it is will bring us a good future.
改写:We must have gratitude for where we are right now so_that we can have a good future.
4.要点7和8
合并:I enjoy today moment by moment just because I created this day for myself in the yesterdays that have passed.
改写:I enjoy today moment by moment just because I created_it yesterday.
第四步:核查成文
核查连贯性,优先考虑使用最短连接词;核查标点和语法;核查词数。最终成文如下:
With so many possibilities to reach, we sometimes forget to love today. (要点1) Loving today just as it is isn't easy, but we should try our best to do it. (要点2)We must have gratitude for where we are right now so that we can have a good future. (要点3) I enjoy today moment by moment just because I created it yesterday. (要点4)
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