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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book2Module1
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基础知识默写
1．diet n．饮食；日常食物 vi.照医生的规定饮食
2．fit adj.健康的；强健的，合适的 v．合适，安装→fitness n．健康；强健→unfit adj.不健康的；不合适的
3．unhealthy adj.不健康的；有碍健康的→healthy(反) adj.健康的；强健的→health n．健康
4．wealthy adj.富裕的；有钱的→wealth n．财富
5．rarely adv.稀少地；极少地→rare adj.稀少的；罕有的
6．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的；渴望的→anxiety n．焦虑；不安
7．injure vt.伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤；受伤处
8．painful adj.疼痛的→pain n．疼痛→painfully adv.痛苦地
9．normal adj.正常的；一般的→abnormal(反)adj.不正常的→normally adv.正常地
10．lifestyle n．生活方式
11．head vi.朝……方向前进 vt.领导；排在前头 n．头，头部
12．eye vt.注视；观看
13．overweight adj.(人)太胖的；超重的→weight n．重量 vi.使负重；重达，称起来
14．breathe vi.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；上气不接下气的
15．awful adj.可怕的；吓人的→awfully adv.非常；极其
16．flu n．流行性感冒
17．toothache n．牙痛
18．proverb n．谚语
19．lung n．肺
20．throat n．喉咙；咽喉；嗓子
21．prescription n．处方
22．symptom n．症状
23．questionnaire n．问卷；问卷调查；调查表
24．insurance n．保险→insure vt.给……投保
25．at least 至少
26．be connected with与……有联系
27．head towards/for朝……前进
28．take exercise锻炼
29．be crazy about迷恋
30．have a temperature发烧
31．lie down躺下
32．pick up拾起；(开车)接(某人)；搭载；接收；(偶然)习得；情况好转
33．begin with以……开始
34．put...into...将……投入……
35．become ill生病
36．pay for支付，为……付出代价
37．When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on，she eyed him anxiously.当周凯的妈妈看到他没穿夹克衫就朝前门走去时，她担心地看着他。
38．“OK，OK.” Zhou Kai went and did as he was told.
“好吧，好吧，”周凯按照他被告诉的(带了件夹克)，走了出去。
39．Take more exercise and you’ll get/become really fit.
多进行体育锻炼，你就会变得很健康。
40．Britain was the first country in the world to have a free health care system paid for by the government.
英国是世界上第一个拥有由政府负担费用的免费医疗保健系统的国家。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy(health) way with minimum effort.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．“Moderate” exercise covered anything that made you slightly breathless(breath)，from brisk walking(快步走) to gardening.
3．Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer(rare) than sunshine.(2016·全国Ⅲ)
4．His father was a successful and wealthy(wealth) physician，who provided the children with everything that money could buy.
5．They are waiting anxiously(anxious) to see who will succeed him.
6．Trying to help injured(injure)，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
7．She tries to keep fit(健康的) by jogging every day.
8．Tall poles，placed in large training areas，teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful(pain) but undeadly electric shock.(2016·北京)
9．But through all this，Hannah still has the normal(正常的) life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl.(2017·北京)
10．After realising an email accident，you are likely to feel awful(糟糕的)．(2017·天津)
11．Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet(饮食)．
12．The problem with his health is that he doesn’t have a healthy lifestyle(生活方式)．
13．I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed (朝……方向前进) home to see what news the night might bring.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
14．You may drink，smoke，be overweight(超重的) and still reduce your risk of dying early by running.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
15．A crowd of local children gathered around，eyeing(eye) us in silence.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
With their wellpaid incomes and social status(社会地位)，the lives of whitecollar workers are envied by many ordinary people.But their health condition，on the whole，is not good，which 1.is connected with their unhealthy lifestyles.Let’s 2.begin with the recent studies.Highincome groups between the ages 35 and 50 are 3.at least ten years older than their actual age.Some of them don’t have the habit of 4.taking exercise regularly，and some easily 5.become ill.
One of the major causes is that they are putting too much into their work.They 6.are crazy about getting promoted or earning more money.Instead of walking or cycling，they are used to 7.heading towards work by bus or subway.Besides，many of them 8.pick up a bad living habit.For example，they usually 9.lie down on the beds，playing their phones instead of going to sleep in time.All the pain and sufferings may be the price they should 10.pay for their unhealthy lifestyles.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road.(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语)(2017·浙江)
当他们看到两个骑自行车的人在路边修自行车时，他们并未多想。
2．There is no doubt that the relationship between family members is no longer close as it used to be.(as引导的方式状语从句)
毫无疑问，家庭成员之间的关系已经不像以前那么亲密。
3．Be confident and make sure you leave the impression that you are a pleasant person on everyone.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
要有信心，并确保你给每个人都会留下这样的印象：你是一个令人愉快的人。
4．She swept away any doubts about her ability by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.(“序数词＋名词”后跟不定式作后置定语)
她成为第一个赢得100米奥运金牌的牙买加女子，从而消除了任何对她的能力的怀疑。
1．盘点“身体部位名词用作动词”的单词
(1)head v．朝……方向前进
(2)face v．面对
(3)eye v．注视；观看
(4)hand v．传递
(5)arm v．武装；装备
(6)shoulder v．肩负
(7)back v．支持；后退
2．n.＋y→adj.一览
(1)wealth→wealthy富裕的
(2)health→healthy健康的
(3)thirst→thirsty口渴的
(4)greed→greedy贪婪的
(5)guilt→guilty内疚的
3．“与……有关”短语全接触
(1)be connected with
(2)be related to
(3)be linked with/to
(4)be associated with
(5)be relevant to
4．v.＋up 短语集合
(1)pick up拾起；(开车)接(某人)；搭载；接收；(偶然)习得；情况好转
(2)bring up抚养长大
(3)hold up举起；阻挡
(4)use up用完
(5)stay up熬夜
diet n.饮食；日常食物；节食
vt.按规定进行饮食；节食
be on a diet在进行规定饮食，在节食
go on a diet节食，控制饮食
keep a healthy/balanced diet保持健康/均衡的饮食
put sb.on a diet使某人节食
(1)You need to do some exercise and keep a balanced diet(保持均衡的饮食)．
(2)The doctor advised him to go on a diet(节食) to lose weight.
(3)[同义句改写] No sugar in my coffee，please；I am dieting.
→No sugar in my coffee，please；I am on a diet.
fit adj.合适的，恰当的；健康的；准备好的
v.(使)适合；安装；(使)适应
n.合身；合体
(1)be fit for胜任；适合
be fit to do...适合做……
(2)fit in (with)(与……)合得来；适应；符合
fit on试穿；固定
(3)keep fit保持健康
(4)fitness n．健康；适当，适合；合情理
(1)The heart can pump the blood to all parts of the body more efficiently as the fitness(fit) level rises.
(2)She and her family bicycle to work，which helps them keep fit(保持健康)．(2018·北京)
(3)He is not fit for/to do(不适合做) the work.
(4)Normalsized Americans would not fit in (with)(适合) these beds.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中fit in的汉语意思
(5)I’ll try and fit you in after lunch. B
A．(使)适合 B．找到时间见(某人) C．(使)适应
(1)be anxious for/about担心……
be anxious to do...渴望做……
(2)anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
with anxiety(＝anxiously)焦急地
(1)He was anxious about/for his family，who were travelling abroad.
(2)Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.(2018·天津)
(3)We waited with anxiety/anxiously(焦急地) for our examination results.
[句式升级]
(4)She looked at her sick child and was very anxious.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
She looked at her sick child，very anxious.
易错点拨
(1)anxiety表示抽象意义的“焦虑，焦急”时，为不可数名词；表示具体意义的“焦虑或担心的事”时，则为可数名词。
(2)anxiety表示“想得到某物或想做某事”时，其后通常跟不定式或“for＋名词”作定语。
(1)injury n．伤；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人
(2)injured adj.受伤的
the injured伤员
(1)By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured(injure) ankle hurt badly.(2018·北京)
(2)A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured(injure) and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.(2018·北京)
(3)Don’t lift that tool box—you’ll do yourself an injury/do an injury to yourself(伤着自己；injury)!
(1)be connected to与……相连；接通
connect...to/with...把……连接到……
(2)connection n．连接；关系
in connection with和……有关
have a connection with和……有关
(1)Connected(connect) with Mr Smith，she is familiar with all his family members.
(2)Enough sleep is connected with(和……有联系) general health conditions.
(3)In men as well as women，the only cancers that did not have a strong connection with weight(和体重有很大的联系) were lung cancer and brain cancer.(2018·河北衡水中学模拟)
(4)[同义句改写] Police are holding two men connected(connect) with last Thursday’s bank robbery.
→Police are holding two men in connection with last Thursday’s bank robbery.
crazy adj.狂热的；着迷的；疯狂的
sb.be crazy to do sth.＝It is/was crazy of sb.to do sth.某人做某事真是疯狂。
drive sb.crazy/mad使某人发狂/发疯
like crazy/mad拼命地；疯狂地
(1)Today，many young people lose faith in traditional culture and they are crazy about the western culture.
(2)As Christmas came to the corner，people did their shopping like crazy/mad(疯狂地)．
(3)[同义句改写] You are crazy to lend(lend) him so much money.
→It is crazy of you to lend him so much money.
(1)to begin with首先；开始
(2)at/in the beginning起初；在开始时
at the beginning of在……之初；在……开始时
from beginning to end从头到尾
(1)To begin with(首先)，a new stadium has been built up，which has become the new landmark in our school.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
首先，一个新的体育场已经建成，它已经成为我们学校的新地标。
(2)Our English teacher often begins his class with an English song.
我们英语老师常以一首英文歌曲开始上课。
(3)I’ve read the book from beginning to end.
我把这本书从头到尾看完了。
put one’s heart into sth.全身心投入……，一心扑在……上
put...into effect实施；使……生效
put...into operation使运转；使实施
put...into power使……执政
put...into practice把……付诸实践
(1)In fact，nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.
实际上，如果你全身心投入，没有什么是不可能的。
(2)The workers put the machine into operation.
工人们把机器开动起来了。
(3)She’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
她已经能在自己家里把许多学到的东西付诸实践，为儿子们准备饭菜。
(4)I hope that the prestigious man will be put into power at the next election.
我希望下次大选中这位德高望重的人能当选。
When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on，she eyed him anxiously.当周凯的妈妈看到他没穿夹克衫就朝前门走去时，她担心地看着他。
“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，有类似用法的动词还有feel，hear，observe，notice，watch等。
(1)see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事，强调动作的全过程(在变为被动语态时，see sb. do sth.应改为sb. be seen to do sth.)。
(2)see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。
(3)see sth. done看见某事被做，强调动作的被动和完成。
(1)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home.在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，李医生很高兴看见妈妈在家被照顾得很好。
(2)He was seen to leave(leave) a few minutes ago.
有人看到他几分钟前离开了。
(3)Suddenly，I felt someone moving(move) my luggage.I opened my eyes and looked up.
突然，我觉得有人在动我的行李。我睁开眼睛抬了抬头。
(4)[写作提升] 当我走进教室时，我看见他在埋头读书。
When I walked into the classroom，I saw him buried in reading.
“OK，OK.” Zhou Kai went and did as he was told.
“好吧，好吧，”周凯按照他被告诉的(带了件夹克)，走了出去。
as引导的从句类型：
(1)引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，如同”。
(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”。
(3)引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”。
(4)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。必须用倒装。
(5)引导定语从句，意为“正如”。
(1)Young as he is，he has travelled to many countries.
尽管他很年轻，他去过很多国家。
[句式升级]
(2)As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.(用with的复合结构改写)(2016·天津)
With the average age of the population increasing，there are more and more old people to care for.
(3)正如图表中显示的那样，从2012年到2015年，中国的电影票房收入(boxoffice income)不断增长。(2017·江苏)
As is indicated in the graph，the boxoffice income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015.
(1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。
(2)“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋否定条件状语从句＋主句”。
(3)“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more，another等词。
(1)Take more exercise and have enough sleep，and you will feel relaxed and energetic.
多加锻炼，保证足够的睡眠，你会感到放松和精力充沛。
(2)Seize(seize) the chance，or/otherwise you will regret it.抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
(3)A bit more effort，and you will settle(settle) the problem.再努力一点，你就会解决这个问题。
(4)[同义句改写] If you work hard，you will make great progress.
→Work hard，and you will make great progress.
→Working hard，you will make great progress.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The reason why he was given a warning was that he was late for the meeting again.
2．These chemicals come from the injured(injure) parts of the plant.
3．After she took a great weight(weigh) off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.
4．The landscape，beautiful on its own，somehow comes to life and breathes(breathe) because this woman is engaging with it.(2017·天津)
5．Help the people in need whenever you can and definitely you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
6．To avoid(avoid) knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
7．Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety(anxious) their patients may be experiencing.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
8．I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking (look) healthy and active.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
9．Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
10．For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected(connect)．
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于校园)
1．很不幸，李华被发现不穿外套，冒雨在街上匆忙行走之后，他生病了，而且发烧了。(see sb.doing的被动)
2．因为他的妈妈非常担心他，他们立刻去了医院。(as引导的从句)
3．躺下之后，医生以正常步骤开始了检查，包括让李华深呼吸。
4．结果证明，李华的病与他不健康的生活方式紧密相关。(It turned out that句型)
5．为了避免将来的痛苦，医生建议李华定期锻炼，并且保持均衡的饮食。
6．李华很乐意听从医生的建议，并且投入很多的时间和精力保持健康。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．Unfortunately，Li Hua became ill and had a temperature 12.after he was seen hurrying along the street in the rain without a coat on.13.As his mother was anxious about him，they headed for hospital immediately.14.After he lay down，the doctor began his examination with normal steps,15.including asking Li Hua to take a deep breath.16.It turned out that Li Hua’s illness was closely connected with his unhealthy lifestyle.To avoid future pain,17.the doctor suggested Li Hua should take exercise regularly and keep a balanced diet.Li Hua was willing to follow the doctor’s advice and 18.put a lot of time and energy into keeping fit.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：购物 难度星级：☆☆☆
The midnight was approaching and it was extremely rare to see vehicles on the road.However，several trucks pulled over and workers silently unloaded camera equipment and cardboard boxes，and then carried them inside the Morgenson family home.
What took place over the next eight weeks was inspired by a Hollywood movie called The Joneses about a family of marketers who move into a local neighborhood to sell their products secretly to their neighbors.The idea was to test the power of wordofmouth marketing.By filming a ‘rear’ family in unscripted(无剧本的) situations，my team and I would document how the Morgensons’ circle of friends responded to brands and products the Morgensons brought into their lives.
With the help of 35 video cameras and 25 microphones hidden inside the furniture，the operation done secretly showed something shocking.The most powerful hidden persuader of all isn’t in your TV or on the shelves of your supermarket.It’s a far more important influence that’s around you almost every waking moment：your very own friends and neighbors.There is nothing quite so persuasive as observing someone we respect or admire using a brand or product.
Our analysis also found that the brands the Morgensons used went faster.About one third of the Morgensons’ friends began promoting these same brands to their friends.We also found that the brands their friends were most likely to buy at the Morgensons’ suggestion were the bigger and betterknown ones.This proves my thoughts that traditional marketing and secret marketing work well together.The most persuasive advertising strategies are strengthened by wordofmouth advertising.
Whenever I meet with company managers，I tell them that the people who hold the real marketing power are mouseclicking consumers and their wide circles of reallife friends.In other words，the people who hold the real power are us.
语篇解读 作者和他的团队借助各种设备，在没有任何事先安排的情况下进行了一次销售调研。经过分析，团队发现了人们购买产品所受的影响因素不止一个，而朋友的推荐，即口碑式营销影响力比较大。
19．The author and his team went to the Morgenson family home to .
A．visit the Morgensons
B．sell products to them
C．carry out marketing research
D．shoot a Hollywood movie
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“The idea was to test the power of wordofmouth marketing.”可知，作者和他的团队去那里是为了进行一项市场调研。
20．In which part of a newspaper can you most probably read the text?
A．Travel. B．Business.
C．Lifestyle. D．Entertainment.
答案 B
解析 文章出处题。文章介绍了一项对人们购买产品情况的市场调研，所以最有可能出现在报纸的商业板块，故选B项。
21．Which of the following is WRONG?
A．Traditional marketing is ineffective.
B．The real marketing power depends on the customers.
C．The analysis is carried out without any special design.
D．The customers’ choice is influenced by more than one factor.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“traditional marketing and secret marketing work well together”可知A项表述错误。由最后一段可知，人们(也就是顾客)拥有真正的市场力，故B项表述正确；由第二段的“By filming a ‘rear’family in unscripted(无剧本的) situations”可知，这次调研以及分析没有任何事先特别的设计，故C项表述正确；由最后两段的分析可知，顾客对产品的选择受多种因素的影响，故D项表述正确。
话题：学校生活 难度星级：☆
(2018·湖南湘潭三模)
Below are several programs designed for students.
ARCC Gap
ARCC Gap has been offering programs for young adults since 1983.ARCC Gap Semester programs are an opportunity to live and learn in some of the greatest classrooms on earth.Our Semester programs take students on a journey of discovery of local peoples，places，cultures and ideas.
Program Locations：International—Africa，Asia，Latin America，and India
Phone：415－332－5075
Email：gap@adventurescrosscountry.com
Thinking Beyond Borders
Thinking Beyond Borders’ gap year programs are specifically designed for students who like learning and are eager to create meaningful social change in the world.We combine working with inspiring local leaders，and engage readings and discussions to create an exciting，supportive，and transformational learning environment.
TBB’s fullyear and semester options include a 7country Global Gap Year.
Program Location(s)：International—Global，South America，Asia
Phone：203－993－0236
Camps International
Our inspirational AGA programs give you the chance to live with the communities you will be supporting and work with locals on service projects that make a significant and lasting difference to people’s lives.You can also contribute to protecting the environment and endangered wildlife.
Program Locations：Kenya，Borneo，Cambodia，Ecuador，Peru and our newest locations Costa Rica，Nicaragua
Phone：441425485390
Email：rcig@campsinternational.co.uk
Raleigh International
For more than 30 years Raleigh International has been running lifechanging Expeditions to some of the most remote places on the planet.
A Raleigh Expedition is overseas volunteering.Our 5，7 or 10week Expeditions provide exposure to different people，new cultures，situations，and environments.This is your chance to create a real change in the communities that need it most，and to develop a range of skills for yourself.
Program Locations：Africa，Asia and India
Phone：0044(0)2071831270
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了专为学生设计的几个项目。
22．What do ARCC Gap and Thinking Beyond Borders have in common?
A．They are to bring about social changes.
B．They are designed to train young leaders.
C．They have a history of about three decades.
D．The participants will travel to different continents.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据ARCC Gap中的“Program Locations：International—Africa，Asia，Latin America，and India”，以及Thinking Beyond Borders中的“Program Location(s)：International—Global，South America，Asia”。分析这两处可知，它们的共同点是去不同的洲。故选D。
23．What is the advantage of taking part in Camps International?
A．Gaining the chance to get support.
B．Knowing more about national affairs.
C．Developing the awareness of serving others.
D．Having a good command of a foreign language.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据Camps International部分中的“Our inspirational AGA programs give you the chance to...work with locals on service projects that make a significant and lasting difference to people’s lives.”可知，参加这个项目可以增强为他人服务的意识。
24．How can we get in touch with Raleigh International?
A．By fax. B．By phone.
C．By email. D．In person.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Raleigh International中只给出了“Phone：0044(0)2071831270”可知，要联系，只有拨打电话(By phone)，故B正确。
话题：饮食 难度星级：☆☆
People who drink three to four cups of coffee a day are more likely to see health benefits than harm，experiencing lower risks of premature death and heart disease than those who do not.
The research，which checked evidence from more than 200 previous studies，also found coffee consumption was linked to lower risks of diabetes(糖尿病)，liver disease，dementia(痴呆) and some cancers.Three or four cups a day give the greatest benefit，the scientist said，except for women who are pregnant or who have higher risk of breaking bones.
Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed drinks worldwide.To better understand its effects on health，Robin Poole，a public health specialist at Britain’s University of Southampton，led a research team in a review of 201 studies based on observational research and 17 studies based on clinical trials across all countries and all settings.“Coffee drinking appears safe within usual patterns of consumption，”Poole’s team concluded in their research，published in the BMJ(British Medical Journal) later on November 21.
Drinking coffee was constantly linked with a lower risk of death from all causes.The largest reduction in relative risk of premature death and heart disease was seen in people consuming three cups a day，compared with noncoffee drinkers.Drinking more than three cups a day was not linked to harm，but the beneficial effects were less palpable.
Poole’s team noted that because their review included mainly observational data，no firm conclusion could be drawn about cause and effect.But they said their findings support other recent reviews and studies of coffee intake.
语篇解读 众所周知，咖啡是很多人日常生活中的必要饮品。本文通过介绍一些专家的研究和发现，说明了每天喝三到四杯咖啡有助于人们抵抗糖尿病、心脏病等疾病。
25．Which one is the benefit coffee can do?
A．Preventing premature death.
B．Curing liver disease and dementia.
C．Lowering the risk of heart disease.
D．Increasing the risk of breaking bones.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“People who drink three to four cups of coffee a day are more likely to see health benefits than harm，experiencing lower risks of premature death and heart disease than those who do not.”可知，每天喝三到四杯咖啡，可以降低过早死亡以及患心脏病的风险。
26．What does the underlined word “palpable” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Confusing. B．Noticeable.
C．Significant. D．Comfortable.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Drinking more than three cups a day was not linked to harm，but the beneficial effects were less palpable.”可知，每天喝三杯以上的咖啡不会有伤害，但是其有益的效果却不会太明显了。由此可猜测，palpable意为“明显的，显而易见的”，与noticeable的词义相近。
27．Which might be the author’s attitude to coffee intake?
A．Positive. B．Curious.
C．Tolerant. D．Critical.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。作者在文中首先提到了咖啡的诸多好处，又列举了一些适量摄入咖啡有益健康的研究成果，由此可知，作者对人们摄入咖啡持支持的态度。
28．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Coffee can prevent many common diseases.
B．More coffee brings more benefits to health.
C．Coffee consumption is common worldwide.
D．Coffee can do more good than harm to health.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文首段提出了适量喝些咖啡对人的身体利大于弊这一观点，而下文则利用一些研究者的发现加以说明，用来支撑这一观点。所以本文主要讲述了咖啡对健康的好处多于其危害。
Ⅳ.七选五
Six Things You Should Never Do Before the Queen
*Don’t show up emptyhanded.
What do you get for the woman who already has everything？Sure，the Queen has several homes full of priceless trinkets(小饰物)，but bringing a gift is necessary. 29 So if she’s paying a visit to your hometown or country，something which reflects local culture might go down better than W．H.Smith’s vouchers(优惠券)．
* 30
You may be dead on your painful feet—but you should always stand when the Queen enters the room.You may only sit once she has taken the seat，so keep a close eye on when the Queen sits down herself.
*Don’t ignore the dress code.
Regardless of how late you’re running or how tempting it is to stay in your casual clothes，make sure you dress accordingly when meeting Her Royal Highness(HRH)． 31
*Resist the temptation to refer to her by her first name.
While the Royal family may be extremely familiar to us，and while we may have our own nicknames for them，we common folk still aren’t on a first name basis with them.So，when you first meet the Queen she should be addressed as “Your Majesty” and “Ma’am” consequently after.When she leaves，however，you must address her as “Your Majesty” once again.
*Only speak when the Queen speaks to you.
Remember when you were a small child and all your elders would drop wisdom such as “don’t speak unless spoken to first” and “children should be seen and not heard”？ 32
This rule exists so Her Royal Highness can control every aspect of the conversation—including exiting it swiftly.
*Don’t eat before she does.
No matter how tasty and tempting the banquet morsels spread in front of you look，you can only start eating once the Queen does.So have a quick snack beforehand，in case any speeches go on for a long time. 33
A．Stand to attention.
B．Watch out for the Queen.
C．Oh，and if she has finished eating，you’d better be full too.
D．If the event is black tie，wear black tie.
E．You are supposed to listen to them though you’ve grown up.
F．This gift must also be appropriate to the occasion.
G．The same applies to meeting the Queen.
29．答案 F
解析 根据空前句“Sure，the Queen has several homes full of priceless trinkets(小饰物)，but bringing a gift is necessary.”可知，即使女王家有万贯，但是带些礼物给她还是有必要的，即讲述带礼物的重要性，且F项中的occasion与空后的“if she’s paying a visit to your hometown or country”相呼应，故选F项。
30．答案 A
解析 根据每段的小标题均为祈使句可知，A、B两项中有正确答案，又由“You may be dead on your painful feet—but you should always stand when the Queen enters the room.”可知，即使你的脚疼得要命，但是当女王进屋时，你必须要站起来，与A项“Stand to attention.”相呼应。
31．答案 D
解析 根据本段小标题“Don’t ignore the dress code.”可知，要注意着装规范，故D项符合语境。
32．答案 G
解析 根据本段小标题“Only speak when the Queen speaks to you.”可知，女王与你说话时，你才能说话，且空前说，要等别人先开口说话，自己再开口，故此处是说同样本条建议也适用于与女王见面时。
33．答案 C
解析 根据本段小标题“Don’t eat before she does.”可知，女王不吃你也不要吃，同样，如果女王吃完了，你也最好不要再吃了。
Ⅴ.完形填空
When the expedition was announced，I was only twenty and I had always dreamed of adventure.So it was with great 34 one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement：
Men wanted for a 35 journey：small wages，bitter cold，months of complete darkness，and safe return uncertain.Honor and reward will 36 if it is successful.
Sir Ernest Shackleton
An expedition with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton to the South Pole—I was hooked！I was an amateur but I was young，fit and 37 .I secretly 38 aboard the ship，Endurance，in a small cupboard.Nobody found me 39 the ship had sailed and I was 40 badly from seasickness. 41 ，Shackleton seemed interested in my silly behavior and 42 the situation.He made me a steward to help cook twentyeight meals three times a day.
On January 18,1915，the Endurance became 43 in pack ice as we approached Antarctica.The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck！The ship was 44 crushed in front of our eyes.I believed Shackleton must have mourned this 45 end to his expedition，but he did not waste time on 46 .Calling us calmly together，he made an urgent 47 that we must save only essential 48 before the ship sank，particularly the small boats，food，cooking equipment，candles，bedding and clothes.To show his 49 ，Shackleton threw some gold coins and his gold watch onto the ice.To my 50 ，he encouraged Hussey to bring his banjo，describing it as vital for keeping us cheerful.
His perseverance 51 our complete faith in him.He was always honest with us and never gave 52 to disappointment.Our teamspirit 53 the morale of the crew and saved our lives.
34．A.excitement B．panic
C．disappointment D．anxiety
答案 A
解析 根据文章首句中的“I had always dreamed of adventure”可推断，作者一直梦想去探险，现在机遇来临，满心激动(excitement)。故选A项。panic惶恐，惊恐；disappointment失望，沮丧；anxiety焦虑，不安。
35．A.fruitful B．respectable
C．dangerous D．comfortable
答案 C
解析 根据空后对此次出行的描述“small wages，bitter cold，months of complete darkness，and safe return uncertain”可知，本次旅行是一次危险的(dangerous)探险之旅。故选C项。fruitful富有成效的，多产的；respectable受人尊敬的，体面的；comfortable舒适的。
36．A.pay off B．rise
C．set up D．follow
答案 D
解析 根据语境，此处是说如果探险成功，荣誉和报酬会随之而来(follow)。pay off付清债务，取得成功；rise上升，(数量)增加；set up建立，安排。
37．A.greenhanded B．energetic
C．sick D．absentminded
答案 B
解析 作者虽是业余爱好者，但觉得自己年轻、健康、精力充沛(energetic)。but之后的内容突出作者的优势，故B项符合语境。greenhanded新手的；sick生病的；absentminded心不在焉的。
38．A.hid B．lived
C．laid D．jumped
答案 A
解析 根据空前的secretly及下文中的“Nobody found me”可知，作者藏在船上的一个橱柜里。hide意为“把……藏起来，隐藏，藏身”，符合语境。故选A项。
39．A.unless B．until
C．when D．in case
答案 B
解析 根据下文“Shackleton seemed interested in my silly behavior”可知，直到(until)船起航后才有人发现了作者。故选B项。
40．A.recovering B．dating
C．hearing D．suffering
答案 D
解析 此处suffer from与seasickness搭配，意为“受到晕船的折磨”，符合语境。故选D项。recover from从……恢复；date from始于；hear from收到……的来信，从……处听到。
41．A.Besides B．Furthermore
C．Otherwise D．Anyhow
答案 D
解析 根据后文可知，船长让作者留了下来，因此，此处指不管怎样(anyhow)，沙克尔顿船长似乎对作者愚蠢的行为感兴趣。故选D项。besides此外，而且；furthermore此外，更有甚者；otherwise否则。
42．A.changed B．made use of
C．accepted D．talked about
答案 C
解析 根据下文他安排作者做一名服务员可知，沙克尔顿船长接受了(accept)这种状况。故选C项。change改变；make use of利用；talk about谈论。
43．A.stuck B．buried
C．sunk D．abandoned
答案 A
解析 根据下句“The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck！”可知，在靠近南极的时候，船被困在(be stuck in)浮冰里。故选A项。bury埋葬；sink沉没；abandon抛弃。
44．A.frequently B．gradually
C．unwillingly D．strangely
答案 B
解析 结合下句作者以为船长会对此感到痛心可知，船被困在浮冰里后，在他们眼前逐渐(gradually)被压碎。故选B项。frequently频繁地；unwillingly不情愿地；strangely奇怪地。
45．A.unreliable B．unaccustomed
C．unexpected D．unsuitable
答案 C
解析 船被困在浮冰里，逐渐被压碎是意外的(unexpected)结局。故选C项。unreliable不可靠的；unaccustomed不习惯的，不寻常的；unsuitable不合适的。
46．A.regrets B．preparations
C．solutions D．passions
答案 A
解析 根据后文可知，船长呼吁大家行动起来，并没有放弃，且根据mourned也可知A项符合语境，指船长并没有把时间浪费在表达遗憾(regret)上。preparation准备；solution解决办法，解答；passion激情，强烈的热爱。
47．A.appointment B．difference
C．announcement D．mistake
答案 C
解析 根据空前的“Calling us calmly together”可知，船长镇定地把我们召集起来，发布一个紧急通知(announcement)。故选C项。appointment约定，约会，预约；difference差别，差异；mistake错误。
48．A.tools B．equipment
C．instruments D．supplies
答案 D
解析 根据空后的“before the ship sank，particularly the small boats，food，cooking equipment，candles，bedding and clothes”可知，船长让大家在船沉没之前拯救那些必备的供给品(supply)。故选D项。tool工具；equipment设备；instrument仪器。
49．A.anger B．determination
C．responsibility D．generosity
答案 B
解析 船长召集大家宣布只带生存必需品，故扔掉自己的一些金币和金表，以表自己的决心，并作出表率。anger愤怒；determination决心；responsibility责任；generosity慷慨。故选B项。
50．A.surprise B．delight
C．satisfaction D．interest
答案 A
解析 船长扔掉了自己的财物，但却鼓励赫西带上他的班卓琴，对此作者感到惊讶(surprise)。故选A项。delight高兴，快乐，使人高兴的事；satisfaction满足，满意；interest兴趣。
51．A.ruined B．constructed
C．won D．invited
答案 C
解析 他的坚持不懈赢得了(win)我们对他的完全信任。故选C项。ruin毁坏，毁掉；construct构成，建造；invite邀请。
52．A.support B．permit
C．information D．way
答案 D
解析 他总是和我们坦诚相待，从不让我们失望。give way to意为“退步，让路”，此处指从不为失望让路，也就是从不让我们失望。故选D项。support支持；permit许可；information信息。
53．A.brought down B．contributed to
C．took up D．set aside
答案 B
解析 根据语境，我们的团队精神是提升我们的士气和拯救我们的生命的原因。bring down降低，击倒；contribute to是……的促成因素，导致；take up从事，占据；set aside留出，把……放置一旁，不理会。故选B项。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2018·百校联盟联考)
Table tennis is now a fast，hightech sport and has 54. most players of all sports in the world.
55． is believed that upperclass Victorians in England invented table tennis in the 1880s，using whatever they could find as 56. (equip)．A line of books would often be the net，and sometimes a cigarette box cover would be a racket(球拍)．
In 1926，at a meeting 57. (hold) in Berlin，the International Table Tennis Federation was formed.The first World Championships were hosted in London in the same year，but the sport had to wait a long time before it was given a chance 58. (make) its first appearance at the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games.
The sport has greatly progressed since it was first invented.Nowadays，players use 59.
(special) developed rackets and a lightweight，hollow(空心的) ball.Thanks to the hightech rackets，they can now enjoy the magical feeling of 60. (hit) the ball at over 150 kilometres per hour!
Over the years，table tennis 61. (develop) into a worldwide sport.There are perhaps 40 million competitive table tennis 62. (player) and countless ordinary people 63. play less seriously.
54．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。句意为：乒乓球运动拥有着世界上最多的运动员。the most是many的最高级形式，表示“最多的”，故填定冠词the。
55．答案 It
解析 考查代词。固定句型“It’s believed that...”表示“人们相信．..”，又因为在句首，首字母要大写。故填It。
56．答案 equipment
解析 考查名词。句意为：人们用他们能找到的一切东西当作设备。equipment为不可数名词，表示“装备，设备”。故填equipment。
57．答案 held
解析 考查非谓语动词。a meeting和hold之间为被动关系，所以用hold的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填held。
58．答案 to make
解析 考查不定式。分析语境可知，give sb.a chance to do sth.表示“给某人一个做某事的机会”。故填to make。
59．答案 specially
解析 考查副词。分析语境可知develop为动词，这里用special 的副词形式specially作状语，修饰动词develop，表示“特别制作的”。故填specially。
60．答案 hitting
解析 考查动名词。分析句子可知of为介词，所以其后的hit应该用动名词形式。故填hitting。
61．答案 has developed
解析 考查时态。根据前文中的“over the years”可知，这里的时态应该用现在完成时。故填has developed。
62．答案 players
解析 考查名词的单复数。句意为：大概有四千万的乒乓球竞技运动员，还有数不清的随意打球的普通人。根据40 million可知这里要用player的复数形式。故填players。
63．答案 who/that
解析 考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个定语从句，先行词为people，在定语从句中作主语，所以用who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的好友Jim在暑假期间痴迷于微信朋友圈，经常发照片分享生活中的所有细节，请根据以下要点提示，给Jim写一封信：
1．对分享行为表示理解；
2．阐述过度分享的危害；
3．提出建议。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：微信朋友圈 WeChat circle; 过度分享 oversharing
参考范文
Dear Jim，
I’m worried that you’ve been addicted to sharing all sorts of photos in WeChat circle recently.Undeniably，WeChat makes communication convenient and leisure time colorful. However，there exist some potential risks if we overshare.One severe problem is leaking privacy，which may cause economic losses.Besides，oversharing can make others uncomfortable，for they think you are showing off.
Thus，never should we post our personal information，nor should we rashly add strangers to the list of friends.It’s wiser to set aside some time to accompany parents or do something more meaningful.
Best wishes!
Yours truly，
Li Hua
基础知识默写
1．diet n．饮食；日常食物 vi.照医生的规定饮食
2．fit adj.健康的；强健的，合适的 v．合适，安装→fitness n．健康；强健→unfit adj.不健康的；不合适的
3．unhealthy adj.不健康的；有碍健康的→healthy(反) adj.健康的；强健的→health n．健康
4．wealthy adj.富裕的；有钱的→wealth n．财富
5．rarely adv.稀少地；极少地→rare adj.稀少的；罕有的
6．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的；渴望的→anxiety n．焦虑；不安
7．injure vt.伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤；受伤处
8．painful adj.疼痛的→pain n．疼痛→painfully adv.痛苦地
9．normal adj.正常的；一般的→abnormal(反)adj.不正常的→normally adv.正常地
10．lifestyle n．生活方式
11．head vi.朝……方向前进 vt.领导；排在前头 n．头，头部
12．eye vt.注视；观看
13．overweight adj.(人)太胖的；超重的→weight n．重量 vi.使负重；重达，称起来
14．breathe vi.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；上气不接下气的
15．awful adj.可怕的；吓人的→awfully adv.非常；极其
16．flu n．流行性感冒
17．toothache n．牙痛
18．proverb n．谚语
19．lung n．肺
20．throat n．喉咙；咽喉；嗓子
21．prescription n．处方
22．symptom n．症状
23．questionnaire n．问卷；问卷调查；调查表
24．insurance n．保险→insure vt.给……投保
25．at least 至少
26．be connected with与……有联系
27．head towards/for朝……前进
28．take exercise锻炼
29．be crazy about迷恋
30．have a temperature发烧
31．lie down躺下
32．pick up拾起；(开车)接(某人)；搭载；接收；(偶然)习得；情况好转
33．begin with以……开始
34．put...into...将……投入……
35．become ill生病
36．pay for支付，为……付出代价
37．When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on，she eyed him anxiously.当周凯的妈妈看到他没穿夹克衫就朝前门走去时，她担心地看着他。
38．“OK，OK.” Zhou Kai went and did as he was told.
“好吧，好吧，”周凯按照他被告诉的(带了件夹克)，走了出去。
39．Take more exercise and you’ll get/become really fit.
多进行体育锻炼，你就会变得很健康。
40．Britain was the first country in the world to have a free health care system paid for by the government.
英国是世界上第一个拥有由政府负担费用的免费医疗保健系统的国家。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy(health) way with minimum effort.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．“Moderate” exercise covered anything that made you slightly breathless(breath)，from brisk walking(快步走) to gardening.
3．Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer(rare) than sunshine.(2016·全国Ⅲ)
4．His father was a successful and wealthy(wealth) physician，who provided the children with everything that money could buy.
5．They are waiting anxiously(anxious) to see who will succeed him.
6．Trying to help injured(injure)，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
7．She tries to keep fit(健康的) by jogging every day.
8．Tall poles，placed in large training areas，teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful(pain) but undeadly electric shock.(2016·北京)
9．But through all this，Hannah still has the normal(正常的) life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl.(2017·北京)
10．After realising an email accident，you are likely to feel awful(糟糕的)．(2017·天津)
11．Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet(饮食)．
12．The problem with his health is that he doesn’t have a healthy lifestyle(生活方式)．
13．I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed (朝……方向前进) home to see what news the night might bring.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
14．You may drink，smoke，be overweight(超重的) and still reduce your risk of dying early by running.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
15．A crowd of local children gathered around，eyeing(eye) us in silence.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
With their wellpaid incomes and social status(社会地位)，the lives of whitecollar workers are envied by many ordinary people.But their health condition，on the whole，is not good，which 1.is connected with their unhealthy lifestyles.Let’s 2.begin with the recent studies.Highincome groups between the ages 35 and 50 are 3.at least ten years older than their actual age.Some of them don’t have the habit of 4.taking exercise regularly，and some easily 5.become ill.
One of the major causes is that they are putting too much into their work.They 6.are crazy about getting promoted or earning more money.Instead of walking or cycling，they are used to 7.heading towards work by bus or subway.Besides，many of them 8.pick up a bad living habit.For example，they usually 9.lie down on the beds，playing their phones instead of going to sleep in time.All the pain and sufferings may be the price they should 10.pay for their unhealthy lifestyles.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road.(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语)(2017·浙江)
当他们看到两个骑自行车的人在路边修自行车时，他们并未多想。
2．There is no doubt that the relationship between family members is no longer close as it used to be.(as引导的方式状语从句)
毫无疑问，家庭成员之间的关系已经不像以前那么亲密。
3．Be confident and make sure you leave the impression that you are a pleasant person on everyone.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
要有信心，并确保你给每个人都会留下这样的印象：你是一个令人愉快的人。
4．She swept away any doubts about her ability by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.(“序数词＋名词”后跟不定式作后置定语)
她成为第一个赢得100米奥运金牌的牙买加女子，从而消除了任何对她的能力的怀疑。
1．盘点“身体部位名词用作动词”的单词
(1)head v．朝……方向前进
(2)face v．面对
(3)eye v．注视；观看
(4)hand v．传递
(5)arm v．武装；装备
(6)shoulder v．肩负
(7)back v．支持；后退
2．n.＋y→adj.一览
(1)wealth→wealthy富裕的
(2)health→healthy健康的
(3)thirst→thirsty口渴的
(4)greed→greedy贪婪的
(5)guilt→guilty内疚的
3．“与……有关”短语全接触
(1)be connected with
(2)be related to
(3)be linked with/to
(4)be associated with
(5)be relevant to
4．v.＋up 短语集合
(1)pick up拾起；(开车)接(某人)；搭载；接收；(偶然)习得；情况好转
(2)bring up抚养长大
(3)hold up举起；阻挡
(4)use up用完
(5)stay up熬夜
diet n.饮食；日常食物；节食
vt.按规定进行饮食；节食
be on a diet在进行规定饮食，在节食
go on a diet节食，控制饮食
keep a healthy/balanced diet保持健康/均衡的饮食
put sb.on a diet使某人节食
(1)You need to do some exercise and keep a balanced diet(保持均衡的饮食)．
(2)The doctor advised him to go on a diet(节食) to lose weight.
(3)[同义句改写] No sugar in my coffee，please；I am dieting.
→No sugar in my coffee，please；I am on a diet.
fit adj.合适的，恰当的；健康的；准备好的
v.(使)适合；安装；(使)适应
n.合身；合体
(1)be fit for胜任；适合
be fit to do...适合做……
(2)fit in (with)(与……)合得来；适应；符合
fit on试穿；固定
(3)keep fit保持健康
(4)fitness n．健康；适当，适合；合情理
(1)The heart can pump the blood to all parts of the body more efficiently as the fitness(fit) level rises.
(2)She and her family bicycle to work，which helps them keep fit(保持健康)．(2018·北京)
(3)He is not fit for/to do(不适合做) the work.
(4)Normalsized Americans would not fit in (with)(适合) these beds.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中fit in的汉语意思
(5)I’ll try and fit you in after lunch. B
A．(使)适合 B．找到时间见(某人) C．(使)适应
(1)be anxious for/about担心……
be anxious to do...渴望做……
(2)anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
with anxiety(＝anxiously)焦急地
(1)He was anxious about/for his family，who were travelling abroad.
(2)Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.(2018·天津)
(3)We waited with anxiety/anxiously(焦急地) for our examination results.
[句式升级]
(4)She looked at her sick child and was very anxious.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
She looked at her sick child，very anxious.
易错点拨
(1)anxiety表示抽象意义的“焦虑，焦急”时，为不可数名词；表示具体意义的“焦虑或担心的事”时，则为可数名词。
(2)anxiety表示“想得到某物或想做某事”时，其后通常跟不定式或“for＋名词”作定语。
(1)injury n．伤；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人
(2)injured adj.受伤的
the injured伤员
(1)By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured(injure) ankle hurt badly.(2018·北京)
(2)A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured(injure) and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.(2018·北京)
(3)Don’t lift that tool box—you’ll do yourself an injury/do an injury to yourself(伤着自己；injury)!
(1)be connected to与……相连；接通
connect...to/with...把……连接到……
(2)connection n．连接；关系
in connection with和……有关
have a connection with和……有关
(1)Connected(connect) with Mr Smith，she is familiar with all his family members.
(2)Enough sleep is connected with(和……有联系) general health conditions.
(3)In men as well as women，the only cancers that did not have a strong connection with weight(和体重有很大的联系) were lung cancer and brain cancer.(2018·河北衡水中学模拟)
(4)[同义句改写] Police are holding two men connected(connect) with last Thursday’s bank robbery.
→Police are holding two men in connection with last Thursday’s bank robbery.
crazy adj.狂热的；着迷的；疯狂的
sb.be crazy to do sth.＝It is/was crazy of sb.to do sth.某人做某事真是疯狂。
drive sb.crazy/mad使某人发狂/发疯
like crazy/mad拼命地；疯狂地
(1)Today，many young people lose faith in traditional culture and they are crazy about the western culture.
(2)As Christmas came to the corner，people did their shopping like crazy/mad(疯狂地)．
(3)[同义句改写] You are crazy to lend(lend) him so much money.
→It is crazy of you to lend him so much money.
(1)to begin with首先；开始
(2)at/in the beginning起初；在开始时
at the beginning of在……之初；在……开始时
from beginning to end从头到尾
(1)To begin with(首先)，a new stadium has been built up，which has become the new landmark in our school.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
首先，一个新的体育场已经建成，它已经成为我们学校的新地标。
(2)Our English teacher often begins his class with an English song.
我们英语老师常以一首英文歌曲开始上课。
(3)I’ve read the book from beginning to end.
我把这本书从头到尾看完了。
put one’s heart into sth.全身心投入……，一心扑在……上
put...into effect实施；使……生效
put...into operation使运转；使实施
put...into power使……执政
put...into practice把……付诸实践
(1)In fact，nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.
实际上，如果你全身心投入，没有什么是不可能的。
(2)The workers put the machine into operation.
工人们把机器开动起来了。
(3)She’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
她已经能在自己家里把许多学到的东西付诸实践，为儿子们准备饭菜。
(4)I hope that the prestigious man will be put into power at the next election.
我希望下次大选中这位德高望重的人能当选。
When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on，she eyed him anxiously.当周凯的妈妈看到他没穿夹克衫就朝前门走去时，她担心地看着他。
“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，有类似用法的动词还有feel，hear，observe，notice，watch等。
(1)see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事，强调动作的全过程(在变为被动语态时，see sb. do sth.应改为sb. be seen to do sth.)。
(2)see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。
(3)see sth. done看见某事被做，强调动作的被动和完成。
(1)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home.在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，李医生很高兴看见妈妈在家被照顾得很好。
(2)He was seen to leave(leave) a few minutes ago.
有人看到他几分钟前离开了。
(3)Suddenly，I felt someone moving(move) my luggage.I opened my eyes and looked up.
突然，我觉得有人在动我的行李。我睁开眼睛抬了抬头。
(4)[写作提升] 当我走进教室时，我看见他在埋头读书。
When I walked into the classroom，I saw him buried in reading.
“OK，OK.” Zhou Kai went and did as he was told.
“好吧，好吧，”周凯按照他被告诉的(带了件夹克)，走了出去。
as引导的从句类型：
(1)引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，如同”。
(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”。
(3)引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”。
(4)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。必须用倒装。
(5)引导定语从句，意为“正如”。
(1)Young as he is，he has travelled to many countries.
尽管他很年轻，他去过很多国家。
[句式升级]
(2)As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.(用with的复合结构改写)(2016·天津)
With the average age of the population increasing，there are more and more old people to care for.
(3)正如图表中显示的那样，从2012年到2015年，中国的电影票房收入(boxoffice income)不断增长。(2017·江苏)
As is indicated in the graph，the boxoffice income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015.
(1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。
(2)“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋否定条件状语从句＋主句”。
(3)“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more，another等词。
(1)Take more exercise and have enough sleep，and you will feel relaxed and energetic.
多加锻炼，保证足够的睡眠，你会感到放松和精力充沛。
(2)Seize(seize) the chance，or/otherwise you will regret it.抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
(3)A bit more effort，and you will settle(settle) the problem.再努力一点，你就会解决这个问题。
(4)[同义句改写] If you work hard，you will make great progress.
→Work hard，and you will make great progress.
→Working hard，you will make great progress.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The reason why he was given a warning was that he was late for the meeting again.
2．These chemicals come from the injured(injure) parts of the plant.
3．After she took a great weight(weigh) off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.
4．The landscape，beautiful on its own，somehow comes to life and breathes(breathe) because this woman is engaging with it.(2017·天津)
5．Help the people in need whenever you can and definitely you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
6．To avoid(avoid) knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
7．Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety(anxious) their patients may be experiencing.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
8．I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking (look) healthy and active.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
9．Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
10．For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected(connect)．
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于校园)
1．很不幸，李华被发现不穿外套，冒雨在街上匆忙行走之后，他生病了，而且发烧了。(see sb.doing的被动)
2．因为他的妈妈非常担心他，他们立刻去了医院。(as引导的从句)
3．躺下之后，医生以正常步骤开始了检查，包括让李华深呼吸。
4．结果证明，李华的病与他不健康的生活方式紧密相关。(It turned out that句型)
5．为了避免将来的痛苦，医生建议李华定期锻炼，并且保持均衡的饮食。
6．李华很乐意听从医生的建议，并且投入很多的时间和精力保持健康。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．Unfortunately，Li Hua became ill and had a temperature 12.after he was seen hurrying along the street in the rain without a coat on.13.As his mother was anxious about him，they headed for hospital immediately.14.After he lay down，the doctor began his examination with normal steps,15.including asking Li Hua to take a deep breath.16.It turned out that Li Hua’s illness was closely connected with his unhealthy lifestyle.To avoid future pain,17.the doctor suggested Li Hua should take exercise regularly and keep a balanced diet.Li Hua was willing to follow the doctor’s advice and 18.put a lot of time and energy into keeping fit.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：购物 难度星级：☆☆☆
The midnight was approaching and it was extremely rare to see vehicles on the road.However，several trucks pulled over and workers silently unloaded camera equipment and cardboard boxes，and then carried them inside the Morgenson family home.
What took place over the next eight weeks was inspired by a Hollywood movie called The Joneses about a family of marketers who move into a local neighborhood to sell their products secretly to their neighbors.The idea was to test the power of wordofmouth marketing.By filming a ‘rear’ family in unscripted(无剧本的) situations，my team and I would document how the Morgensons’ circle of friends responded to brands and products the Morgensons brought into their lives.
With the help of 35 video cameras and 25 microphones hidden inside the furniture，the operation done secretly showed something shocking.The most powerful hidden persuader of all isn’t in your TV or on the shelves of your supermarket.It’s a far more important influence that’s around you almost every waking moment：your very own friends and neighbors.There is nothing quite so persuasive as observing someone we respect or admire using a brand or product.
Our analysis also found that the brands the Morgensons used went faster.About one third of the Morgensons’ friends began promoting these same brands to their friends.We also found that the brands their friends were most likely to buy at the Morgensons’ suggestion were the bigger and betterknown ones.This proves my thoughts that traditional marketing and secret marketing work well together.The most persuasive advertising strategies are strengthened by wordofmouth advertising.
Whenever I meet with company managers，I tell them that the people who hold the real marketing power are mouseclicking consumers and their wide circles of reallife friends.In other words，the people who hold the real power are us.
语篇解读 作者和他的团队借助各种设备，在没有任何事先安排的情况下进行了一次销售调研。经过分析，团队发现了人们购买产品所受的影响因素不止一个，而朋友的推荐，即口碑式营销影响力比较大。
19．The author and his team went to the Morgenson family home to .
A．visit the Morgensons
B．sell products to them
C．carry out marketing research
D．shoot a Hollywood movie
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“The idea was to test the power of wordofmouth marketing.”可知，作者和他的团队去那里是为了进行一项市场调研。
20．In which part of a newspaper can you most probably read the text?
A．Travel. B．Business.
C．Lifestyle. D．Entertainment.
答案 B
解析 文章出处题。文章介绍了一项对人们购买产品情况的市场调研，所以最有可能出现在报纸的商业板块，故选B项。
21．Which of the following is WRONG?
A．Traditional marketing is ineffective.
B．The real marketing power depends on the customers.
C．The analysis is carried out without any special design.
D．The customers’ choice is influenced by more than one factor.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“traditional marketing and secret marketing work well together”可知A项表述错误。由最后一段可知，人们(也就是顾客)拥有真正的市场力，故B项表述正确；由第二段的“By filming a ‘rear’family in unscripted(无剧本的) situations”可知，这次调研以及分析没有任何事先特别的设计，故C项表述正确；由最后两段的分析可知，顾客对产品的选择受多种因素的影响，故D项表述正确。
话题：学校生活 难度星级：☆
(2018·湖南湘潭三模)
Below are several programs designed for students.
ARCC Gap
ARCC Gap has been offering programs for young adults since 1983.ARCC Gap Semester programs are an opportunity to live and learn in some of the greatest classrooms on earth.Our Semester programs take students on a journey of discovery of local peoples，places，cultures and ideas.
Program Locations：International—Africa，Asia，Latin America，and India
Phone：415－332－5075
Email：gap@adventurescrosscountry.com
Thinking Beyond Borders
Thinking Beyond Borders’ gap year programs are specifically designed for students who like learning and are eager to create meaningful social change in the world.We combine working with inspiring local leaders，and engage readings and discussions to create an exciting，supportive，and transformational learning environment.
TBB’s fullyear and semester options include a 7country Global Gap Year.
Program Location(s)：International—Global，South America，Asia
Phone：203－993－0236
Camps International
Our inspirational AGA programs give you the chance to live with the communities you will be supporting and work with locals on service projects that make a significant and lasting difference to people’s lives.You can also contribute to protecting the environment and endangered wildlife.
Program Locations：Kenya，Borneo，Cambodia，Ecuador，Peru and our newest locations Costa Rica，Nicaragua
Phone：441425485390
Email：rcig@campsinternational.co.uk
Raleigh International
For more than 30 years Raleigh International has been running lifechanging Expeditions to some of the most remote places on the planet.
A Raleigh Expedition is overseas volunteering.Our 5，7 or 10week Expeditions provide exposure to different people，new cultures，situations，and environments.This is your chance to create a real change in the communities that need it most，and to develop a range of skills for yourself.
Program Locations：Africa，Asia and India
Phone：0044(0)2071831270
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了专为学生设计的几个项目。
22．What do ARCC Gap and Thinking Beyond Borders have in common?
A．They are to bring about social changes.
B．They are designed to train young leaders.
C．They have a history of about three decades.
D．The participants will travel to different continents.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据ARCC Gap中的“Program Locations：International—Africa，Asia，Latin America，and India”，以及Thinking Beyond Borders中的“Program Location(s)：International—Global，South America，Asia”。分析这两处可知，它们的共同点是去不同的洲。故选D。
23．What is the advantage of taking part in Camps International?
A．Gaining the chance to get support.
B．Knowing more about national affairs.
C．Developing the awareness of serving others.
D．Having a good command of a foreign language.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据Camps International部分中的“Our inspirational AGA programs give you the chance to...work with locals on service projects that make a significant and lasting difference to people’s lives.”可知，参加这个项目可以增强为他人服务的意识。
24．How can we get in touch with Raleigh International?
A．By fax. B．By phone.
C．By email. D．In person.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Raleigh International中只给出了“Phone：0044(0)2071831270”可知，要联系，只有拨打电话(By phone)，故B正确。
话题：饮食 难度星级：☆☆
People who drink three to four cups of coffee a day are more likely to see health benefits than harm，experiencing lower risks of premature death and heart disease than those who do not.
The research，which checked evidence from more than 200 previous studies，also found coffee consumption was linked to lower risks of diabetes(糖尿病)，liver disease，dementia(痴呆) and some cancers.Three or four cups a day give the greatest benefit，the scientist said，except for women who are pregnant or who have higher risk of breaking bones.
Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed drinks worldwide.To better understand its effects on health，Robin Poole，a public health specialist at Britain’s University of Southampton，led a research team in a review of 201 studies based on observational research and 17 studies based on clinical trials across all countries and all settings.“Coffee drinking appears safe within usual patterns of consumption，”Poole’s team concluded in their research，published in the BMJ(British Medical Journal) later on November 21.
Drinking coffee was constantly linked with a lower risk of death from all causes.The largest reduction in relative risk of premature death and heart disease was seen in people consuming three cups a day，compared with noncoffee drinkers.Drinking more than three cups a day was not linked to harm，but the beneficial effects were less palpable.
Poole’s team noted that because their review included mainly observational data，no firm conclusion could be drawn about cause and effect.But they said their findings support other recent reviews and studies of coffee intake.
语篇解读 众所周知，咖啡是很多人日常生活中的必要饮品。本文通过介绍一些专家的研究和发现，说明了每天喝三到四杯咖啡有助于人们抵抗糖尿病、心脏病等疾病。
25．Which one is the benefit coffee can do?
A．Preventing premature death.
B．Curing liver disease and dementia.
C．Lowering the risk of heart disease.
D．Increasing the risk of breaking bones.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“People who drink three to four cups of coffee a day are more likely to see health benefits than harm，experiencing lower risks of premature death and heart disease than those who do not.”可知，每天喝三到四杯咖啡，可以降低过早死亡以及患心脏病的风险。
26．What does the underlined word “palpable” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Confusing. B．Noticeable.
C．Significant. D．Comfortable.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Drinking more than three cups a day was not linked to harm，but the beneficial effects were less palpable.”可知，每天喝三杯以上的咖啡不会有伤害，但是其有益的效果却不会太明显了。由此可猜测，palpable意为“明显的，显而易见的”，与noticeable的词义相近。
27．Which might be the author’s attitude to coffee intake?
A．Positive. B．Curious.
C．Tolerant. D．Critical.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。作者在文中首先提到了咖啡的诸多好处，又列举了一些适量摄入咖啡有益健康的研究成果，由此可知，作者对人们摄入咖啡持支持的态度。
28．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Coffee can prevent many common diseases.
B．More coffee brings more benefits to health.
C．Coffee consumption is common worldwide.
D．Coffee can do more good than harm to health.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文首段提出了适量喝些咖啡对人的身体利大于弊这一观点，而下文则利用一些研究者的发现加以说明，用来支撑这一观点。所以本文主要讲述了咖啡对健康的好处多于其危害。
Ⅳ.七选五
Six Things You Should Never Do Before the Queen
*Don’t show up emptyhanded.
What do you get for the woman who already has everything？Sure，the Queen has several homes full of priceless trinkets(小饰物)，but bringing a gift is necessary. 29 So if she’s paying a visit to your hometown or country，something which reflects local culture might go down better than W．H.Smith’s vouchers(优惠券)．
* 30
You may be dead on your painful feet—but you should always stand when the Queen enters the room.You may only sit once she has taken the seat，so keep a close eye on when the Queen sits down herself.
*Don’t ignore the dress code.
Regardless of how late you’re running or how tempting it is to stay in your casual clothes，make sure you dress accordingly when meeting Her Royal Highness(HRH)． 31
*Resist the temptation to refer to her by her first name.
While the Royal family may be extremely familiar to us，and while we may have our own nicknames for them，we common folk still aren’t on a first name basis with them.So，when you first meet the Queen she should be addressed as “Your Majesty” and “Ma’am” consequently after.When she leaves，however，you must address her as “Your Majesty” once again.
*Only speak when the Queen speaks to you.
Remember when you were a small child and all your elders would drop wisdom such as “don’t speak unless spoken to first” and “children should be seen and not heard”？ 32
This rule exists so Her Royal Highness can control every aspect of the conversation—including exiting it swiftly.
*Don’t eat before she does.
No matter how tasty and tempting the banquet morsels spread in front of you look，you can only start eating once the Queen does.So have a quick snack beforehand，in case any speeches go on for a long time. 33
A．Stand to attention.
B．Watch out for the Queen.
C．Oh，and if she has finished eating，you’d better be full too.
D．If the event is black tie，wear black tie.
E．You are supposed to listen to them though you’ve grown up.
F．This gift must also be appropriate to the occasion.
G．The same applies to meeting the Queen.
29．答案 F
解析 根据空前句“Sure，the Queen has several homes full of priceless trinkets(小饰物)，but bringing a gift is necessary.”可知，即使女王家有万贯，但是带些礼物给她还是有必要的，即讲述带礼物的重要性，且F项中的occasion与空后的“if she’s paying a visit to your hometown or country”相呼应，故选F项。
30．答案 A
解析 根据每段的小标题均为祈使句可知，A、B两项中有正确答案，又由“You may be dead on your painful feet—but you should always stand when the Queen enters the room.”可知，即使你的脚疼得要命，但是当女王进屋时，你必须要站起来，与A项“Stand to attention.”相呼应。
31．答案 D
解析 根据本段小标题“Don’t ignore the dress code.”可知，要注意着装规范，故D项符合语境。
32．答案 G
解析 根据本段小标题“Only speak when the Queen speaks to you.”可知，女王与你说话时，你才能说话，且空前说，要等别人先开口说话，自己再开口，故此处是说同样本条建议也适用于与女王见面时。
33．答案 C
解析 根据本段小标题“Don’t eat before she does.”可知，女王不吃你也不要吃，同样，如果女王吃完了，你也最好不要再吃了。
Ⅴ.完形填空
When the expedition was announced，I was only twenty and I had always dreamed of adventure.So it was with great 34 one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement：
Men wanted for a 35 journey：small wages，bitter cold，months of complete darkness，and safe return uncertain.Honor and reward will 36 if it is successful.
Sir Ernest Shackleton
An expedition with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton to the South Pole—I was hooked！I was an amateur but I was young，fit and 37 .I secretly 38 aboard the ship，Endurance，in a small cupboard.Nobody found me 39 the ship had sailed and I was 40 badly from seasickness. 41 ，Shackleton seemed interested in my silly behavior and 42 the situation.He made me a steward to help cook twentyeight meals three times a day.
On January 18,1915，the Endurance became 43 in pack ice as we approached Antarctica.The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck！The ship was 44 crushed in front of our eyes.I believed Shackleton must have mourned this 45 end to his expedition，but he did not waste time on 46 .Calling us calmly together，he made an urgent 47 that we must save only essential 48 before the ship sank，particularly the small boats，food，cooking equipment，candles，bedding and clothes.To show his 49 ，Shackleton threw some gold coins and his gold watch onto the ice.To my 50 ，he encouraged Hussey to bring his banjo，describing it as vital for keeping us cheerful.
His perseverance 51 our complete faith in him.He was always honest with us and never gave 52 to disappointment.Our teamspirit 53 the morale of the crew and saved our lives.
34．A.excitement B．panic
C．disappointment D．anxiety
答案 A
解析 根据文章首句中的“I had always dreamed of adventure”可推断，作者一直梦想去探险，现在机遇来临，满心激动(excitement)。故选A项。panic惶恐，惊恐；disappointment失望，沮丧；anxiety焦虑，不安。
35．A.fruitful B．respectable
C．dangerous D．comfortable
答案 C
解析 根据空后对此次出行的描述“small wages，bitter cold，months of complete darkness，and safe return uncertain”可知，本次旅行是一次危险的(dangerous)探险之旅。故选C项。fruitful富有成效的，多产的；respectable受人尊敬的，体面的；comfortable舒适的。
36．A.pay off B．rise
C．set up D．follow
答案 D
解析 根据语境，此处是说如果探险成功，荣誉和报酬会随之而来(follow)。pay off付清债务，取得成功；rise上升，(数量)增加；set up建立，安排。
37．A.greenhanded B．energetic
C．sick D．absentminded
答案 B
解析 作者虽是业余爱好者，但觉得自己年轻、健康、精力充沛(energetic)。but之后的内容突出作者的优势，故B项符合语境。greenhanded新手的；sick生病的；absentminded心不在焉的。
38．A.hid B．lived
C．laid D．jumped
答案 A
解析 根据空前的secretly及下文中的“Nobody found me”可知，作者藏在船上的一个橱柜里。hide意为“把……藏起来，隐藏，藏身”，符合语境。故选A项。
39．A.unless B．until
C．when D．in case
答案 B
解析 根据下文“Shackleton seemed interested in my silly behavior”可知，直到(until)船起航后才有人发现了作者。故选B项。
40．A.recovering B．dating
C．hearing D．suffering
答案 D
解析 此处suffer from与seasickness搭配，意为“受到晕船的折磨”，符合语境。故选D项。recover from从……恢复；date from始于；hear from收到……的来信，从……处听到。
41．A.Besides B．Furthermore
C．Otherwise D．Anyhow
答案 D
解析 根据后文可知，船长让作者留了下来，因此，此处指不管怎样(anyhow)，沙克尔顿船长似乎对作者愚蠢的行为感兴趣。故选D项。besides此外，而且；furthermore此外，更有甚者；otherwise否则。
42．A.changed B．made use of
C．accepted D．talked about
答案 C
解析 根据下文他安排作者做一名服务员可知，沙克尔顿船长接受了(accept)这种状况。故选C项。change改变；make use of利用；talk about谈论。
43．A.stuck B．buried
C．sunk D．abandoned
答案 A
解析 根据下句“The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck！”可知，在靠近南极的时候，船被困在(be stuck in)浮冰里。故选A项。bury埋葬；sink沉没；abandon抛弃。
44．A.frequently B．gradually
C．unwillingly D．strangely
答案 B
解析 结合下句作者以为船长会对此感到痛心可知，船被困在浮冰里后，在他们眼前逐渐(gradually)被压碎。故选B项。frequently频繁地；unwillingly不情愿地；strangely奇怪地。
45．A.unreliable B．unaccustomed
C．unexpected D．unsuitable
答案 C
解析 船被困在浮冰里，逐渐被压碎是意外的(unexpected)结局。故选C项。unreliable不可靠的；unaccustomed不习惯的，不寻常的；unsuitable不合适的。
46．A.regrets B．preparations
C．solutions D．passions
答案 A
解析 根据后文可知，船长呼吁大家行动起来，并没有放弃，且根据mourned也可知A项符合语境，指船长并没有把时间浪费在表达遗憾(regret)上。preparation准备；solution解决办法，解答；passion激情，强烈的热爱。
47．A.appointment B．difference
C．announcement D．mistake
答案 C
解析 根据空前的“Calling us calmly together”可知，船长镇定地把我们召集起来，发布一个紧急通知(announcement)。故选C项。appointment约定，约会，预约；difference差别，差异；mistake错误。
48．A.tools B．equipment
C．instruments D．supplies
答案 D
解析 根据空后的“before the ship sank，particularly the small boats，food，cooking equipment，candles，bedding and clothes”可知，船长让大家在船沉没之前拯救那些必备的供给品(supply)。故选D项。tool工具；equipment设备；instrument仪器。
49．A.anger B．determination
C．responsibility D．generosity
答案 B
解析 船长召集大家宣布只带生存必需品，故扔掉自己的一些金币和金表，以表自己的决心，并作出表率。anger愤怒；determination决心；responsibility责任；generosity慷慨。故选B项。
50．A.surprise B．delight
C．satisfaction D．interest
答案 A
解析 船长扔掉了自己的财物，但却鼓励赫西带上他的班卓琴，对此作者感到惊讶(surprise)。故选A项。delight高兴，快乐，使人高兴的事；satisfaction满足，满意；interest兴趣。
51．A.ruined B．constructed
C．won D．invited
答案 C
解析 他的坚持不懈赢得了(win)我们对他的完全信任。故选C项。ruin毁坏，毁掉；construct构成，建造；invite邀请。
52．A.support B．permit
C．information D．way
答案 D
解析 他总是和我们坦诚相待，从不让我们失望。give way to意为“退步，让路”，此处指从不为失望让路，也就是从不让我们失望。故选D项。support支持；permit许可；information信息。
53．A.brought down B．contributed to
C．took up D．set aside
答案 B
解析 根据语境，我们的团队精神是提升我们的士气和拯救我们的生命的原因。bring down降低，击倒；contribute to是……的促成因素，导致；take up从事，占据；set aside留出，把……放置一旁，不理会。故选B项。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2018·百校联盟联考)
Table tennis is now a fast，hightech sport and has 54. most players of all sports in the world.
55． is believed that upperclass Victorians in England invented table tennis in the 1880s，using whatever they could find as 56. (equip)．A line of books would often be the net，and sometimes a cigarette box cover would be a racket(球拍)．
In 1926，at a meeting 57. (hold) in Berlin，the International Table Tennis Federation was formed.The first World Championships were hosted in London in the same year，but the sport had to wait a long time before it was given a chance 58. (make) its first appearance at the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games.
The sport has greatly progressed since it was first invented.Nowadays，players use 59.
(special) developed rackets and a lightweight，hollow(空心的) ball.Thanks to the hightech rackets，they can now enjoy the magical feeling of 60. (hit) the ball at over 150 kilometres per hour!
Over the years，table tennis 61. (develop) into a worldwide sport.There are perhaps 40 million competitive table tennis 62. (player) and countless ordinary people 63. play less seriously.
54．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。句意为：乒乓球运动拥有着世界上最多的运动员。the most是many的最高级形式，表示“最多的”，故填定冠词the。
55．答案 It
解析 考查代词。固定句型“It’s believed that...”表示“人们相信．..”，又因为在句首，首字母要大写。故填It。
56．答案 equipment
解析 考查名词。句意为：人们用他们能找到的一切东西当作设备。equipment为不可数名词，表示“装备，设备”。故填equipment。
57．答案 held
解析 考查非谓语动词。a meeting和hold之间为被动关系，所以用hold的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填held。
58．答案 to make
解析 考查不定式。分析语境可知，give sb.a chance to do sth.表示“给某人一个做某事的机会”。故填to make。
59．答案 specially
解析 考查副词。分析语境可知develop为动词，这里用special 的副词形式specially作状语，修饰动词develop，表示“特别制作的”。故填specially。
60．答案 hitting
解析 考查动名词。分析句子可知of为介词，所以其后的hit应该用动名词形式。故填hitting。
61．答案 has developed
解析 考查时态。根据前文中的“over the years”可知，这里的时态应该用现在完成时。故填has developed。
62．答案 players
解析 考查名词的单复数。句意为：大概有四千万的乒乓球竞技运动员，还有数不清的随意打球的普通人。根据40 million可知这里要用player的复数形式。故填players。
63．答案 who/that
解析 考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个定语从句，先行词为people，在定语从句中作主语，所以用who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的好友Jim在暑假期间痴迷于微信朋友圈，经常发照片分享生活中的所有细节，请根据以下要点提示，给Jim写一封信：
1．对分享行为表示理解；
2．阐述过度分享的危害；
3．提出建议。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：微信朋友圈 WeChat circle; 过度分享 oversharing
参考范文
Dear Jim，
I’m worried that you’ve been addicted to sharing all sorts of photos in WeChat circle recently.Undeniably，WeChat makes communication convenient and leisure time colorful. However，there exist some potential risks if we overshare.One severe problem is leaking privacy，which may cause economic losses.Besides，oversharing can make others uncomfortable，for they think you are showing off.
Thus，never should we post our personal information，nor should we rashly add strangers to the list of friends.It’s wiser to set aside some time to accompany parents or do something more meaningful.
Best wishes!
Yours truly，
Li Hua
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