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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book2Module2
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基础知识默写
1．danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的→endanger vt.危及
2．powerful adj.有力的；(药等)有功效的→power n．权力，电v.驱动→powerless adj.无力的
3．reduce vt.减少→reduction n．减少；降低→increase(反)v.增加；增长
4．connection n．联系；关系；关联→connect vt.连接；接通→connected adj.有联系的；联网的
5．treatment n．治疗→treat vt.对待；治疗；款待
6．likely adj.可能的→unlikely(反)adj.不可能的
7．adult n．成人→adulthood n．成年时期；成年
8．disagree vi.不同意；意见不合→agree(反)vi.同意；赞成
9．ban vt.禁止 n．禁令
10．affect vt.影响；对……有坏影响→affection n．喜爱
11．participant n．参与者；参加者→participate vi.参与，参加→participation n．参加
12．recognise vt.认识；认知；认出→recognition n．认识；认知；认出
13．drug n．毒品；药品
14．cancer n．癌症
15．distraction n．分心；分散注意力→distract vt.使分散注意力→distracted adj.注意力分散的
16．tobacco n．烟草；烟丝
17．inject vt.注射→injection n．注射
18．addict n．对(药物等)上瘾的人；瘾君子 v．对……上瘾→addictive adj.(药物等)上瘾的→addiction n．(药物等)上瘾
19．crime n．罪行；犯罪行为→criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的
20．burglary n．盗窃；窃案；盗窃罪→burglar n．窃贼
21．illegal adj.违法的；不合法的→legal(反)adj.合法的
22．shoplifting n．逛商店时偷窃商品的行为
23．horrible adj.令人不快的；极讨厌的
24．jogging n．慢跑→jog v．慢跑
25．gymnastic adj.体操的→gymnastics n．体操
26．(be) related to有关系的；有关联的
27．break into破门而入；强行闯入；突然发出
28．be in danger处于危险之中
29．belong to属于
30．be/get/become addicted to对……上瘾；沉迷于
31．take one’s advice听取某人的意见
32．in order to/so as to为了……
33．be likely to do...有可能做……
34．set a date定一个日期
35．give up放弃；戒除
36．Using cocaine increases the user’s heart rate and blood pressure.
吸食可卡因会使使用者的心率提高，血压上升。
37．It was such a dangerous drug that he nearly died.
它是如此危险的毒品以至于他差点丧命。
38．I couldn’t agree more.我完全同意。
39．Whatever you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else!
无论你在做什么，当你想抽烟时，做点别的事情吧！
40．For example，if you’re alone，find someone to talk to.
例如，如果你感到孤独，那么就找个人说说话。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．Powerful(power) languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．The data provided by ODI suggest that more investment should go to risk reduction (reduce)．
(2016·江苏)
3．Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course，and there will never be more than 15 participants(participate) in each class.(2016·天津)
4．The purpose of the passage is to appeal for equal rights in medical treatment(treat)．(2017·北京)
5．Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections(connect) between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight.(2017·北京)
6．Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging(jog) and swimming，is regarded as one of the best allround forms of exercise.(2017·天津)
7．Even though family members sometimes disagreed(agree) with each other，they worked together to make the business successful.
8．In recent years，there has been a strong push for local and state governments to ban(禁止) public smoking.
9．From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect(影响) the members of a team.(2018·天津)
10．The company awarded him a golden medal for recognition(recognise) of his huge contributions to the company.
11．My sister became addicted(addict) to drugs，and I watched painfully as her life was gradually out of control.
12．False fire alarms are illegal(legal) and may lead to imprisonment(坐牢)．(2018·天津)
13．The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous(danger) trend.
(2017·北京)
14．If kids are distracted(分心的) all day long，in and out of school，they may never learn to think deeply.
15．This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs(毒品)，or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
Under Chinese law，encouraging people to take drugs is an illegal action，which should be punished.Recently，the police have arrested a great many people 1.related to drug abuse.Nationwide，by April，around 2.58 million people 2.are addicted to drugs.
Many young people 3.are likely to try them out of curiosity and get addicted，without realizing they 4.are in danger.Some drug users may trick the young people into taking drugs 5.in order to get financial benefit.
Of course，drug abuse is no fun and causes serious harm to individuals and society.For example，drug users may 6.break into others’ houses or even engage in violent attacks，and uncontrollable behavior.They would steal possessions 7.belonging to others in exchange for drugs.
If，unfortunately，you get addicted，you should seek help and 8.take experts’ advice.What’s most important is that you should be determined 9.to give up drugs in the first place.With proper support，you should 10.set a date and then take action accordingly.
Always bear in mind that cherish life and stay away from drugs!
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is often acceptable.(动名词短语作主语)
(2016·全国Ⅱ)
把不重要的事情留到明天，往往是可以接受的。
2．Koalas are such a great attraction for visitors that many zoos are trying to include them among their species.(such...that...)
考拉对参观者有那么大的吸引力，以至于许多动物园都设法要把它们列进他们的动物种类里面。
3．At that moment，nothing could be better than her smile after all the difficulties.(否定词＋比较级＝最高级)在那一刻，所有苦难之后，没有什么比她的微笑更美好了。
4. Whatever you’re looking for，color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.(whatever引导的让步状语从句)(2018·全国Ⅰ)
无论你在寻找什么，让房间拥有你想要的感觉，色彩是关键。
5．In the next 10 years，the length of railway tunnel to be built is more than the total length of railway tunnel that are completed.(不定式作后置定语)
未来10年，我国将要修建的铁路隧道，其总长度将超过我国已建成的铁路隧道长度总和。
1．常见的“以ly结尾的形容词”小结
(1)lively活泼的
(2)likely可能的
(3)lovely可爱的
(4)lonely孤独的
(5)friendly友好的
2．“v.＋ant”名词全接触
(1)participate→participant 参与者
(2)serve→servant仆人
(3)assist→assistant助手
(4)account→accountant会计
(5)apply→applicant申请者
3．“偷窃”扫描
(1)thief n．小偷；窃贼
(2)pickpocket n．扒手
(3)shoplifter n．扒窃商店货物者
(4)burglar n．窃贼；小偷
4．常见的“in＋抽象名词”短语
(1)in danger处于危险之中
(2)in silence沉默地
(3)in surprise/shock吃惊地
(4)in excitement兴奋地
(5)in secret 秘密地
5．“无进行、无被动”短语汇总
(1)belong to属于
(2)take place发生
(3)consist of由……构成
(4)break out爆发
(5)come about发生
(6)break down出故障
addict v.使沉溺；使上瘾
n.吸毒上瘾的人；对……入迷的人
(1)addict oneself to沉溺于
(2)addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth.沉溺于(做)某事
(3)addiction n．癖好；上瘾
have addiction to对……上瘾；有癖好
(4)addictive adj.上瘾的；使人入迷的
(1)Finding out something they didn’t know about satisfies them for the moment，but their curiosity is addictive(addict)．(2018·山东聊城二模)
(2)If the law punished addiction，we would all be in prison because we are addicted to our phones.(addict)(2018·江苏苏锡常镇二模)
(3)Addicted to playing(play) the violin，he didn’t notice a thief walk into his house.
(4)I went through about four years of being addicted to video games(沉迷于电子游戏)．
[句式升级]
(5)The boy was addicted to computer games，and he didn’t want to study.
①The boy addicted himself to computer games，and he didn’t want to study.(用动词addict改写)
②Addicted to computer games，the boy didn’t want to study.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
(1)reduce (...) by...减少了……
reduce (from...) to...(从……)减少到……
(2)sb.be reduced to (doing)．..某人沦为……；某人陷入……状态
(3)reduction n．减少；降低
(1)According to researchers，these young adults reported a notable increase in happiness and a significant reduction(reduce) in stress.(2018·湖南岳阳模拟)
(2)If you buy more than ten books，they will reduce the price by 10 percent.
(3)He offered the painting to me at a reduced(reduce) price.
(4)Eventually he was reduced to begging(沦为乞讨) on the streets.
(1)be affected by被……感动；被……影响/侵袭
be affected with high fever发高烧
affect sb.to tears把某人感动得流泪
(2)affection n．喜爱；爱慕
(1)What kind of education can be “meaningful” to young people affected(affect) by conflict？(2016·浙江)
(2)She was affected to tears(感动得落泪) by his story.
[句式升级]
(3)He was affected by the failure in the exam and lost heart.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Affected by the failure in the exam，he lost heart.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中affect的汉语意思
(4)The disease affects many different organs of his body. C
A．影响 B．感动 C．(疾病)侵袭
(1)recognise...as/to be...把……看作……
It is recognised that...人们公认……
(2) recognition n．认出；认识
beyond recognition认不出来
(1)For example，she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognising(recognise) the efforts of young people to change the world.
(2)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond recognition
(recognize)．
(3)[一句多译] 我们都认为屠呦呦是位伟大的科学家。
①We all recognise Tu Youyou as/to be a great scientist.
②It is recognised that Tu Youyou is a great scientist.
(1)related adj.有关的；相关的
(2)relate v．有关；涉及；使联系；讲述，叙述
relate...to...把……和……联系起来
relate to涉及；和……相关；谈到；理解
(3)relation n．关系；联系；亲属
in relation to关于；与……相比
(1)Deeply related to the matters，he has to answer all the related questions.(relate)
(2)Your statement doesn’t relate well to the facts.
(3)I have nothing to say in relation to(关于；relation)that matter.
break down出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break up粉碎；解散；放假；(关系等)破裂
break out(战争、火灾等)爆发；突然开始(＋doing)
break through取得突破；克服
break with与……断交；背弃
break away (from)脱离
[根据语境用break短语的正确形式填空]
(1)When I told them my story，the girl broke into tears.
(2)Some women broke with tradition by going to study abroad.
(3)Scientists say they’re beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
(4)When do you break up for Christmas?
(5)Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
(1)a sense of belonging归属感
(2)belongings n.所有物；财产
(1)Lockers are available to store any belongings(belong) during your visit.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
(2)This is a house belonging(belong) to my grandfather.
(3)He walks in and out as if the house belonged to him(he)．
(4)In my opinion，you’d better put the book where it belongs.
易错点拨 belong to无被动语态，无进行时，后接名词或代词的宾格，其现在分词形式可作后置定语。
in order to与so as to都可以表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首，而in order to既可置于句首，也可置于句中。两者都可转换成in order that/so that引导的目的状语从句。
[同义句改写]
(1)We started early in order that we would arrive before dark.(用in order to/so as to改写)
→We started early in order to/so as to arrive before dark.
(2)Members work hard so as to support each other and not let the team down.(用so that改写)
→Members work hard so that they can support each other and not let the team down.
give in投降；屈服；让步；呈送
give in to屈服于
give off放出；排出
give out用完；分发；公布；发出
give away赠送；泄露；颁发
give way to给……让路
[根据语境用give短语的正确形式填空]
(1)His wife finally persuaded him to give up smoking.
(2)The market was full of salted fish，giving off the worst smell.
(3)He gave away most of his money to charity last year.
(4)At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving，but eventually he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.(2018·天津)
Using cocaine increases the user’s heart rate and blood pressure.
吸食可卡因会使使用者的心率提高，血压上升。
(1)动名词(短语)作主语通常表示习惯性、泛指、经常性、不具体的动作，而不定式作主语则表示一次性、特指、未来、具体的动作。
(2)当use，good，pity，time，fun，nice，worth等作表语时，常用it作形式主语，把作主语的动名词后置。其他情况下，当将动名词移至句尾时，通常改为不定式。
(3)动名词的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
(1)Traveling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018·北京)
(2)Being constantly exposed(expose) to advertisements is annoying，but it can be pleasant sometimes.
(3)It’s no use arguing(argue) with him over such an unimportant matter.
(4)His(he) coming home late worries his mother greatly.
(5)[一句多译] 他的爱好之一是集邮。
①Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.
②One of his hobbies is to collect stamps.
(1)“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody等。
(2)含否定词表最高级意义的其他表达：
否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as；
否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than；
have never＋such＋形容词原级＋名词；
can/could＋never/not...＋形容词/副词＋enough＝can/could＋never/not...＋too＋形容词/副词“再……也不为过”。
(1)It was not until then that I suddenly realised nobody was happier than I was.
直到那时我才意识到没人比我更幸福了。
(2)He is kind and helpful，so you can’t praise him too much.
他善良且乐于助人，因此你再怎么赞扬他也不为过。
[句式升级]
(3)Spring is the most pleasant season of all.(用“否定词＋比较级”改写)
No season is more pleasant than spring.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce(reduce) food waste.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．My brother made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.
3．I’ll treat you to lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.
4．They hope paper bags will be banned(ban) someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.(2018·浙江)
5．People from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch(touch) them.
6．And then，how many adults(adult)，who now complain about the long drives to work，eagerly drove for hours at a time when they first obtained their driver’s licenses.
7．Complaining is an addiction(addict) and a hard habit to break.Like any other habit to break，it will take time.
8．Though recognised(recognise) as a fine actress and a proven director，she still invests great efforts and energy in her career.
9．Again，I felt powerless(power) and frustrated，facing the reality that there was no one to help me.
10．It is illegal(legal) for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于毒品)
1．昨天晚上，一名罪犯为了弄到钱买毒品闯进了当地的一家银行。
2．据报道，这名罪犯对可卡因上瘾，这严重地影响了他的健康。(It is reported that；which引导非限制性定语从句)
3．例如，吸食可卡因使他心跳加速，血压上升。(v.ing 作主语)
4．另外，他是如此暴力的一个人，任何人认出他，请立刻联络警察。(such...that；疑问词＋ever)
5．没有比这更糟糕的了，因为他是第一个被最近通过的法律惩罚的吸毒者。(否定词＋比较级；不定式作定语)
6．几天之内他可能就会被警方抓住，并且会被送往戒毒中心。(be likely to do)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Last night,11.a criminal broke into a local bank 12.in order to get money to buy drugs.13.It is reported that the criminal is addicted to cocaine，which affects his health seriously.For example,14.using cocaine increases his heart rate and blood pressure.Moreover，he is 15.such a violent person that whoever recognises him，please call the police immediately.16.Nothing could be worse because he will be the first drug user 17.to be punished by the latest law.He 18.is likely to be caught by the police in several days and will be sent to a center for drug addicts.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：周围的环境 难度星级：☆
When I was a boy there were no smartphones，and our television only got one channel clearly.Still，I never felt bored.The fields，hills and woodlands around my home were the perfect playgrounds whose adventures were only limited by my imagination.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake and walking slowly around it.At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before.It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides，but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.
I walked on and on for what seemed like hours.I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear “turn around and head back home”，but I was stubborn and walked on.There was still neither a car nor a house in sight.I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared.I didn’t want to end up being trapped on this road，and I was worried that it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.
I continued walking on with something growing inside of me.My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.I was almost in tears when I saw something in the distance.It was a house that I recognized.I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.It was still over a mile away，but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time.I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner.Then I ended my adventure with a good night’s sleep.
I often thought of that experience recently.Actually，in our life，all roads，no matter how they twist and turn，can lead us home again.They can lead us to our homes here on the Earth.They can lead us to our homes in our hearts.May you always walk your path with love！May you always help your fellow travelers along the way！And may your roads always lead you home again!
语篇解读 本文通过作者小时候在自己家附近的一次探险经历，告诉人们一个道理：生活中所有的道路，无论有多曲折，都会引领我们回家。
19．Why did the author hardly feel bored when he was young?
A．He could watch TV all day.
B．He could have fun in nature.
C．He had many friends to play with.
D．He used to explore the old dirt road.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“The fields，hills and woodlands around my home were the perfect playgrounds whose adventures were only limited by my imagination.”可知，在作者小时候，他家周围的田野、山丘和小树林都是理想的玩耍场所，在那里只有想不到的，没有玩儿不到的。因此，他可以从大自然中寻找快乐，所以从来不感到无聊。
20．What does the underlined word “something” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A．Doubt. B．Hope.
C．Fear. D．Courage.
答案 C
解析 代词指代题。根据第三段第二、三句“My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.I was almost in tears when I saw something in the distance.”可知，作者内心渐渐地害怕起来。由此可推测，something在此指“恐惧”，即fear。
21．What may be the best title for the passage?
A．Every Effort Is Worthwhile
B．All Roads Lead Home
C．Be Determined in Your Life
D．Be Brave to Explore
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Actually，in our life，all roads，no matter how they twist and turn，can lead us home again.”可知，本文的主旨是：生活中所有的道路，无论有多曲折，都会引领我们回家。
话题：社会 难度星级：☆☆☆
(2019·重庆渝高中学质检)
A First Responder is someone who immediately tries to help with some incident that occurs.This could be a response to someone who is hurt or injured，a natural disaster (like a fire，flood or tornado)，or maybe your pet needs help.
The response might be at your house or in your neighborhood or community.When called，the First Responder is trained to come right away.A quick response is the surest way that the incident can be resolved in the shortest amount of time and with the least amount of damage to individuals and to property.
A First Responder is responsible for the protection and preservation of life，property，evidence，and the environment.They are trained in many areas like emergency management，public health，clinical care，public works，and in operating equipment.
Together，they work to provide support services at the “onset” of an incident.“Onset” means at the early stages.They work to help in all response areas of prevention，response and recovery：
Prevention is trying to stop more things happening in the future as a result of this incident.
Response means what is done in the incident and how you react to those individuals in the incident.
Recovery means what is done to restore or rebuild (whatever it is) back to what it was like prior to the incident.
Dialing 911 is one way you can ask for help from First Responders.You should know when it is appropriate to call this emergency help number.Dialing 911 in cases that are not emergencies should be prevented.It wastes people’s time and takes away resources that are needed from other emergency situations.Your parents and teachers can talk to you about dialing 911.
We salute those people who are First Responders and we thank them for their quick responses to helping out in situations when needed.We thank them for their special technical skills and personal skills of kindness and caring they bring with them on every response job.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现场急救员的工作，指出不是紧急事件就不应该拨打911，因为其他紧急情况可能更需要紧急救助资源，并且表达了对现场急救员无私工作的感谢。
22．Which of situations should one contact First Responder?
A．Jane noticed a passerby falling and unconscious during her shopping.
B．Helen was driving outside when a tornado occurred.
C．Little John’s puppy became mad and he could not control it.
D．All above.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段可知现场急救员的工作范围，由此推断出A、B、C都在现场急救员的工作范围内。故选D。
23．Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 4 imply all below EXCEPT that .
A．the First Responder is usually not far from the caller
B．the First Responder can support help when trouble begins
C．the First Responder is to blame for their wrong doings
D．the First Responder should be professional on dealing with emergencies
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。此题宜用排除法。根据第二段首句“The response might be at your house or in your neighborhood or community.”可知，现场急救员通常离求救者不远，排除A；根据第四段首句“Together，they work to provide support services at the ‘onset’ of an incident.”可知，现场急救员在事故一开始时就能提供帮助，排除B；根据第三段末句“They are trained in many areas like emergency management，public health，clinical care，public works，and in operating equipment.”可知，现场急救员在处理紧急情况时应该很专业，排除D。故选C。
24．911 should NOT be dialed without reason because .
A．the cost of dialing 911 will be quite expensive
B．others may need the emergency resources more
C．the number of 911 is not lucky
D．it is often hard to get through
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句“It wastes people’s time and takes away resources that are needed from other emergency situations.”可知，没有正当理由时，就不应该拨打911，因为其他人可能更需要紧急救助的资源。故选B。
25．The last paragraph may aim to .
A．express thanks for First Responders’ selfless work
B．call on everyone to join the team of First Responders
C．warn others not to turn to First Responders for help
D．give reasons why First Responders are amateur
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，最后一段旨在表达对现场急救员无私工作的感谢。故选A。
话题：计划 难度星级：☆☆☆
I’d have to say that the schemes to reduce staff absence and increase punctuality(准时) have been a big success.We’ve seen that staff attendance levels have increased from 88% to 93%；and levels of punctuality have increased from 79% to 91%，which is fantastic.And the number of days that staff have taken off for sickness has dropped from an average of nine days per year to just five.There has also been a general increase in motivation at work，and we’ve seen output increase by at least 16% since this time last year.
So，what have we been doing to improve things？Well，for a start，we’ve been introducing a scheme so that employees get bonuses if company production targets and sales figures are met.And if things carry on as they are，all employees will have received a bonus by the end of next month.We’ve also introduced a system whereby employees and management set personal targets.Then，the individual employee receives a bonus if these targets are met.And to help with punctuality，we’ve installed a new system that records exactly what time people are getting in and leaving the office.This has helped improve punctuality rates substantially.
Another initiative has been the installation of a games room for employees to use during midmorning and lunch breaks.We’ve found that it’s a great way to motivate staff，giving them time to relax.As part of this，we’ve bought a ping pong table，a basketball hoop and a darts board.And by next week，the two tablefootball tables that we ordered last month will have arrived.Since opening the games room，staff have been using it constantly，especially the beds that we bought to allow staff to have a short nap during the day.Along similar lines，we’ve also organized a number of teambuilding excursions.
26．Why does the author list some figures in Paragraph One?
A．To prove the plans work well.
B．To show employees to be more punctual.
C．To present the production grows obviously.
D．To prove the increase of workers’ attendance.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“I’d have to say that the schemes to reduce staff absence and increase punctuality(准时) have been a big success.”可知作者在第一段列举了一些数字，是为了证明这项计划非常有效，故选A。
27．What have they done to help with punctuality?
A．They’ve set personal targets.
B．They’ve weakened demands on employees.
C．They’ve introduced a scheme to give employees bonuses.
D．They’ve recorded workers’ coming and leaving by a new system.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“And to help with punctuality，we’ve installed a new system that records exactly what time people are getting in and leaving the office.”可知，他们通过一种新的系统来记录员工到达办公室和离去的时间，故选D。
28．As readers，who may benefit most from this article?
A．Students. B．Managers.
C．Teachers. D．Farmers.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。这篇文章为企业的经营管理者提供了一些经营管理模式，所以管理者读这篇文章最受益，故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2017·福建泉州一模)
Reasons to Take Part in Student Clubs and Organizations
Many college students don’t know what they’re missing by not taking part in the student clubs and organizations that are offered at most colleges and universities.Taking part in one can be a rich and rewarding experience. 29 Check them out and see what’s available.Here are a few reasons why you should take part in student clubs and organizations.
1．Meet new people.
It can be hard to meet new people in college，especially in your first year. 30 However，in a club，you’ll find yourself in a smaller group of people who likely share your interest.
2．Help your major.
There are many student clubs and organizations for different majors and departments.Such clubs can be a lot of fun as well as a great academic resource for you.By joining an academic club you will probably have an easier time to know professors in your departments. 31
3．Learn important leadership skills.
Student clubs and organizations can be a good way to learn important leadership skills that would look great on job applications. 32 These skills could be event planning，finance management，and so on.Find a club that you love being a part of your school life and if you work hard you might be able to gain such a position.
4． 33
Lastly，student clubs and organizations can simply be a lot of fun.Make sure to take advantage of student clubs and organizations to make the most out of your time in college!
A．Have fun.
B．Never waste energy.
C．Class sizes can be big.
D．Take advantage of your major.
E．So don’t just walk past those tables during clubs week.
F．In a club，you will be able to gain other important skills.
G．And you might even get access to study help and other academic advice.
29．答案 E
解析 空前句意：参加大学生俱乐部或组织或许是一次丰富而有益的经历。空后句意：把它们都看一看，看看哪个是可行的。故E项(因此，在“俱乐部周”期间，不要只是路过这些桌子。)符合上下文。
30．答案 C
解析 空前句意：在大学里可能很难认识新朋友，特别是在大一的时候。空后句意：然而，在俱乐部里，你会发现你在一个可能和你有着相同兴趣的较小的团队里。故C项(班级规模可能很大。)符合上下文的转折关系。
31．答案 G
解析 本段的主题是说参加俱乐部对你的专业有帮助。空前句意：通过加入学术俱乐部，你可能会更容易认识你们系的教授们。故G项(你甚至可能会获得学习帮助以及其他的学术建议。)符合上下文。
32．答案 F
解析 空前句意：学生俱乐部和组织是学习重要的领导技能的好办法，领导技能在找工作的时候非常有用。空后句意：这些技能可能是活动策划、财务管理等等。由此可知空后的技能是除领导技能以外的技能，故F项(在俱乐部里，你可以获得其他重要的技能。)符合上下文。
33．答案 A
解析 本空是这一段的主题句。根据下文所介绍的内容可知，学生俱乐部和组织会非常有趣。故A项(玩得开心。)最能概括本段内容。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2018·贵州遵义航天高级中学模拟)
Over the last 15 years，as a doctor，I have had hearttoheart conversations with countless patients near the end of their lives.The most common emotion they express is 34 .And that’s 35 I came up with a project to encourage people to write a 36 to their loved ones.It’s a lesson I learned years ago from a memorable 37 patient.
He was a retired 38 with cancer.Every day，his 39 spent many hours watching him watch television.She explained to me he had never been much of a 40 in their 50plus years of marriage.But he seemed quite 41 to share his ideas with me， 42 when it became clear his days were 43 .He spoke of his deep regret for not having spent enough time with his loved wife，and of his great 44 in his son，who had joined the Navy in his father’s footsteps.
One afternoon，when I mentioned these 45 to his wife and son，they looked disbelievingly at each other.They thanked me for being so kind but 46 my patient was unlikely to express such feelings.To make sure his family could hear his 47 ，I took my video camera with me the next morning and with the patient’s 48 ，recorded an open letter from him to his family.When I gave them the 49 letter，both his wife and son were moved to tears.
The experience 50 my letter project，which can help people complete their life review tasks：apologizing to those we may have hurt; 51 those who have hurt us and saying “I love you”．It may take much courage to write a life review letter.For some people，it may 52 deep and troubling emotions. 53 it may be the most important letter you will ever write.
语篇解读 作为一名医生，因为与无数临终的病人交谈过，他们常表达出自己的遗憾。这激发了作者想让人们给自己爱的人写一封信的想法，以此表达对曾经伤害过的人的歉意及原谅伤害过自己的人。
34．A.gratitude B．regret
C．apology D．affection
答案 B
解析 根据下文的内容可知是在临终之前表达的都是遗憾的心情。最后一段中有提示。gratitude感激；regret后悔，遗憾；apology道歉；affection感情，喜爱。
35．A.because B．why
C．when D．how
答案 B
解析 从语境可看出那就是我为什么(why)提出这个项目。That’s why...那就是为什么……。故选B。
36．A.note B．bill
C．letter D．sentence
答案 C
解析 通过语境可知病人临终时常有遗憾，因此作者想通过这个项目来鼓励人们写信给自己所爱的人。下文多次出现letter也是提示。故选C。
37．A.dying B．weak
C．unconscious D．silent
答案 A
解析 从下文可知这是从一个将要去世的人身上学到的教训。因此选项dying(临终的，将要去世的)符合题意。weak虚弱的；unconscious无意识的；silent沉默的。通过对比可知A符合题意。
38．A.merchant B．worker
C．official D．soldier
答案 D
解析 从第二段最后一句可知他当过海军，因此是个士兵(soldier)。
39．A.family B．daughter
C．son D．wife
答案 D
解析 由下文“in their 50plus years of marriage(在他们结婚的50多年里)”可知是他的妻子(wife)。
40．A.husband B．lover
C．talker D．companion
答案 C
解析 上文说他妻子每天都在看他看电视，由此可推断出，他不是个健谈的人(talker)。下文中的“my patient was unlikely to express such feelings”也是提示。
41．A.willing B．disturbing
C．embarrassed D．delighted
答案 A
解析 根据句意可知这个人不善言谈却愿意(willing)和我分享他的一些想法。disturbing烦扰的，令人不安的；embarrassed尴尬的，窘迫的；delighted高兴的。
42．A.specially B．especially
C．exactly D．gradually
答案 B
解析 句意为：他看起来非常愿意和我分享他的想法，尤其(especially)是他在世上的日子不多时。 specially特别地，专门地；exactly确切地；gradually逐渐地。
43．A.numbered B．died
C．ended D．completed
答案 A
解析 从上文可知他是个癌症患者，所剩时日不多，屈指可数。故用numbered。
44．A.satisfaction B．pride
C．concern D．complaint
答案 B
解析 句意为：他儿子以他为榜样参加了海军，因此他以儿子为自豪(pride)。 satisfaction满意；concern关心；complaint抱怨。故选B。
45．A.comments B．decisions
C．explanations D．promises
答案 A
解析 句意为：当我把他的话(即评论)对他的妻子和儿子说了，他们难以置信。comment评论；decision决定；explanation解释；promise承诺，允诺。
46．A.denied B．disbelieved
C．insisted D．realized
答案 C
解析 从上文可知这个病人是个不善言谈的人，所以当他的儿子和妻子听到这样的评论难以相信，因此他们才会感谢我并坚持说(insist)他是不可能如此表达的。deny否认；disbelieve不相信，怀疑；realize意识到，知道，实现。从上文可知C符合题意。
47．A.sorrow B．anxiety
C．wish D．love
答案 D
解析 从上文的内容可知这个病人表达的是对家人的爱(love)。sorrow悲痛；anxiety焦虑，担心；wish愿望。
48．A.desire B．permission
C．request D．assistance
答案 B
解析 句意为：第二天我带着摄像机，经过病人的同意(permission)录下了他的“信”。 desire渴望；permission允许，批准；request请求；assistance帮助。从上下文可知是病人允许了。故选B。
49．A.taped B．typed
C．written D．unopened
答案 A
解析 taped录制的；typed用打字机打的；written书面的，文字的；unopened未打开的。由上文带着摄像机可知，应该是录制的(taped)信。故选A。
50．A.raised B．inspired
C．proved D．welcomed
答案 B
解析 根据下文可知这个项目能帮助人们弥补过去的憾事，故这件事激励我去做这个项目。raise引起，养育，筹集；inspire鼓舞，激励，赋予灵感，启迪；prove证明，证实；welcome欢迎。
51．A.acknowledging B．forgetting
C．hurting D．forgiving
答案 D
解析 句意为：向那些我们可能伤害过的人道歉；原谅那些伤害过我们的人，并说“我爱你”。acknowledge承认，鸣谢，对……打招呼；forget忘记；hurt伤害；forgive原谅。通过上下文可知是原谅(forgive)那些伤害过我们的人，D符合题意。
52．A.call for B．call off
C．call in D．call up
答案 D
解析 句意为：它可能唤起(call up)人们内心深处的烦恼情绪。call for要求，需要，提倡；call off放弃，取消，叫走；call in召集，召来，收回；call up打电话，召集，使想起，提出，唤醒。通过上下文可知call up符合题意。
53．A.So B．For
C．Yet D．Otherwise
答案 C
解析 从本空的语境可知，虽然这可能会让人们想起不好的情绪，但却是最重要的一封信。由此可知此处是转折关系。故选C。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Children have their own rules in playing games.They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores.They don’t care much 54. who wins or loses，and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished.Yet，they like games that depend a lot on luck，so that their personal abilities cannot be 55. (direct) compared.They also enjoy games that move in stages，in which each stage，the 56. (choose) of leaders，the pickingup of sides，or the determining of which side shall start，is almost a game in itself.
Grownups can hardly find children’s games exciting，and they often feel 57. (puzzle) at why their kids play such simple games again and again.However，it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons.He can be a good 58. (play) without having to think 59. he is a popular person，and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid.He 60. (become) a leader when it comes to his turn.He can be confident，too，in particular 61. (game)，that it is his place to give orders，to pretend to be dead，to throw a ball actually at someone，or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game，they imagine a situation under 62. (they) control.Everyone knows 63. rules，and more importantly，everyone plays according to the rules.Those rules may be childish，but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了孩子们有他们自己的游戏规则，并说明了孩子们玩游戏的原因。
54．答案 about
解析 care about关心，在乎，为固定短语，故填about。
55．答案 directly
解析 此处修饰谓语动词be compared，应用副词形式。故填directly。
56．答案 choosing
解析 分析句子成分可知，所填词由the修饰，故应填名词或动名词形式；又因其与空后的pickingup及determining并列，所以也应用其动名词形式。故填choosing。
57．答案 puzzled
解析 ed形式的形容词一般形容人，表示“某人感到……的”；ing形式的形容词表示“某事(物)令人……的”。根据语境可知，此处表示“(大人)感觉很困惑”，所以应用ed形式的形容词。故填puzzled。
58．答案 player
解析 分析句子成分可知，本句主语为He，且空前有不定冠词和形容词修饰，所以所填词应为名词的单数形式。故填player。
59．答案 whether/if
解析 根据语境可知，此处表示“不需要考虑他是否受欢迎”。再分析句子结构可知，所填词为宾语从句引导词。宾语从句中主干完整，且由句意可知，此处表示“是否”，故填whether/if。
60．答案 becomes
解析 全文的主体时态为一般现在时，且设空处后面的when引导的时间状语从句中也用了一般现在时，故此处也为一般现在时。又因主语为He，是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词也需用单数形式。故填becomes。
61．答案 games
解析 game为可数名词，根据常识可知，小孩子喜欢玩的游戏不止一种，因此需要用其复数形式。故填games。
62．答案 their
解析 设空处作定语，修饰名词control，所以需用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
63．答案 the
解析 空后的rules指的是“孩子们所玩游戏的规则”，表示特指，所以用定冠词。故填the。
Ⅶ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season.We had not seen rain in almost a month.The crops were dying.Cows had stopped giving milk.The streams were long gone back into the earth.If we didn’t see some rain soon we would lose everything.It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of sharing and witnessed the best miracle I have ever seen in my life.
I was in the kitchen making lunch for the family when I saw my sixyearold son，Billy，walking toward the woods.I could only see his back.He wasn’t walking with his usual steps.He was obviously walking with great effort...trying to be as still as possible.Minutes after he disappeared into the woods，he came running out again，toward the house.I went back to make sandwiches，thinking that whatever he had been doing was completed.Moments later，however，he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods.This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods，then running back to the house.Finally，my curiosity got the best of me.I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked；being very careful not to spill(溅出) the water he held in them.I stepped close as he went into the woods.Branches and thorns slapped his little face but he did not try to avoid them.He might have a much greater purpose，I thought.As I came closer，I saw the most amazing sight.Several large deer stood in front of him.Billy walked right up to them，at the sight of which I almost screamed for him to get away.A huge buck(雄鹿) was dangerously close.But the buck neither threatened him nor even moved as Billy knelt down.And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground，obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion，lifting its head with great effort to lap(舔) up the water cupped in my boy’s hands.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
When the water was gone，Billy jumped up to run back to the house.I followed him
Paragraph 2：
This time I joined him，with a small pot of water from the kitchen.
参考范文
When the water was gone，Billy jumped up to run back to the house.I followed him back to the tap.Billy turned it on and began to cup both hands.He knelt down，letting the drip slowly fill up his “cup”．And now I knew what was going on.Obviously，he was afraid of being scolded for wasting water，so he avoided asking me for help.When he stood up and turned back，I walked toward him.His eyes were filled with tears.“Mom，I’m not wasting.” I kissed him and gave him a hug.
This time I joined him，with a small pot of water from the kitchen.I let him tend to the baby deer alone while I just helped fetch the water.As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground，they were suddenly joined by other drops...and more drops...and more.I looked up at the sky.It was as if God，himself，was weeping with pride.I can’t believe it was raining!
基础知识默写
1．danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的→endanger vt.危及
2．powerful adj.有力的；(药等)有功效的→power n．权力，电v.驱动→powerless adj.无力的
3．reduce vt.减少→reduction n．减少；降低→increase(反)v.增加；增长
4．connection n．联系；关系；关联→connect vt.连接；接通→connected adj.有联系的；联网的
5．treatment n．治疗→treat vt.对待；治疗；款待
6．likely adj.可能的→unlikely(反)adj.不可能的
7．adult n．成人→adulthood n．成年时期；成年
8．disagree vi.不同意；意见不合→agree(反)vi.同意；赞成
9．ban vt.禁止 n．禁令
10．affect vt.影响；对……有坏影响→affection n．喜爱
11．participant n．参与者；参加者→participate vi.参与，参加→participation n．参加
12．recognise vt.认识；认知；认出→recognition n．认识；认知；认出
13．drug n．毒品；药品
14．cancer n．癌症
15．distraction n．分心；分散注意力→distract vt.使分散注意力→distracted adj.注意力分散的
16．tobacco n．烟草；烟丝
17．inject vt.注射→injection n．注射
18．addict n．对(药物等)上瘾的人；瘾君子 v．对……上瘾→addictive adj.(药物等)上瘾的→addiction n．(药物等)上瘾
19．crime n．罪行；犯罪行为→criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的
20．burglary n．盗窃；窃案；盗窃罪→burglar n．窃贼
21．illegal adj.违法的；不合法的→legal(反)adj.合法的
22．shoplifting n．逛商店时偷窃商品的行为
23．horrible adj.令人不快的；极讨厌的
24．jogging n．慢跑→jog v．慢跑
25．gymnastic adj.体操的→gymnastics n．体操
26．(be) related to有关系的；有关联的
27．break into破门而入；强行闯入；突然发出
28．be in danger处于危险之中
29．belong to属于
30．be/get/become addicted to对……上瘾；沉迷于
31．take one’s advice听取某人的意见
32．in order to/so as to为了……
33．be likely to do...有可能做……
34．set a date定一个日期
35．give up放弃；戒除
36．Using cocaine increases the user’s heart rate and blood pressure.
吸食可卡因会使使用者的心率提高，血压上升。
37．It was such a dangerous drug that he nearly died.
它是如此危险的毒品以至于他差点丧命。
38．I couldn’t agree more.我完全同意。
39．Whatever you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else!
无论你在做什么，当你想抽烟时，做点别的事情吧！
40．For example，if you’re alone，find someone to talk to.
例如，如果你感到孤独，那么就找个人说说话。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．Powerful(power) languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．The data provided by ODI suggest that more investment should go to risk reduction (reduce)．
(2016·江苏)
3．Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course，and there will never be more than 15 participants(participate) in each class.(2016·天津)
4．The purpose of the passage is to appeal for equal rights in medical treatment(treat)．(2017·北京)
5．Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections(connect) between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight.(2017·北京)
6．Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging(jog) and swimming，is regarded as one of the best allround forms of exercise.(2017·天津)
7．Even though family members sometimes disagreed(agree) with each other，they worked together to make the business successful.
8．In recent years，there has been a strong push for local and state governments to ban(禁止) public smoking.
9．From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect(影响) the members of a team.(2018·天津)
10．The company awarded him a golden medal for recognition(recognise) of his huge contributions to the company.
11．My sister became addicted(addict) to drugs，and I watched painfully as her life was gradually out of control.
12．False fire alarms are illegal(legal) and may lead to imprisonment(坐牢)．(2018·天津)
13．The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous(danger) trend.
(2017·北京)
14．If kids are distracted(分心的) all day long，in and out of school，they may never learn to think deeply.
15．This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs(毒品)，or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
Under Chinese law，encouraging people to take drugs is an illegal action，which should be punished.Recently，the police have arrested a great many people 1.related to drug abuse.Nationwide，by April，around 2.58 million people 2.are addicted to drugs.
Many young people 3.are likely to try them out of curiosity and get addicted，without realizing they 4.are in danger.Some drug users may trick the young people into taking drugs 5.in order to get financial benefit.
Of course，drug abuse is no fun and causes serious harm to individuals and society.For example，drug users may 6.break into others’ houses or even engage in violent attacks，and uncontrollable behavior.They would steal possessions 7.belonging to others in exchange for drugs.
If，unfortunately，you get addicted，you should seek help and 8.take experts’ advice.What’s most important is that you should be determined 9.to give up drugs in the first place.With proper support，you should 10.set a date and then take action accordingly.
Always bear in mind that cherish life and stay away from drugs!
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is often acceptable.(动名词短语作主语)
(2016·全国Ⅱ)
把不重要的事情留到明天，往往是可以接受的。
2．Koalas are such a great attraction for visitors that many zoos are trying to include them among their species.(such...that...)
考拉对参观者有那么大的吸引力，以至于许多动物园都设法要把它们列进他们的动物种类里面。
3．At that moment，nothing could be better than her smile after all the difficulties.(否定词＋比较级＝最高级)在那一刻，所有苦难之后，没有什么比她的微笑更美好了。
4. Whatever you’re looking for，color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.(whatever引导的让步状语从句)(2018·全国Ⅰ)
无论你在寻找什么，让房间拥有你想要的感觉，色彩是关键。
5．In the next 10 years，the length of railway tunnel to be built is more than the total length of railway tunnel that are completed.(不定式作后置定语)
未来10年，我国将要修建的铁路隧道，其总长度将超过我国已建成的铁路隧道长度总和。
1．常见的“以ly结尾的形容词”小结
(1)lively活泼的
(2)likely可能的
(3)lovely可爱的
(4)lonely孤独的
(5)friendly友好的
2．“v.＋ant”名词全接触
(1)participate→participant 参与者
(2)serve→servant仆人
(3)assist→assistant助手
(4)account→accountant会计
(5)apply→applicant申请者
3．“偷窃”扫描
(1)thief n．小偷；窃贼
(2)pickpocket n．扒手
(3)shoplifter n．扒窃商店货物者
(4)burglar n．窃贼；小偷
4．常见的“in＋抽象名词”短语
(1)in danger处于危险之中
(2)in silence沉默地
(3)in surprise/shock吃惊地
(4)in excitement兴奋地
(5)in secret 秘密地
5．“无进行、无被动”短语汇总
(1)belong to属于
(2)take place发生
(3)consist of由……构成
(4)break out爆发
(5)come about发生
(6)break down出故障
addict v.使沉溺；使上瘾
n.吸毒上瘾的人；对……入迷的人
(1)addict oneself to沉溺于
(2)addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth.沉溺于(做)某事
(3)addiction n．癖好；上瘾
have addiction to对……上瘾；有癖好
(4)addictive adj.上瘾的；使人入迷的
(1)Finding out something they didn’t know about satisfies them for the moment，but their curiosity is addictive(addict)．(2018·山东聊城二模)
(2)If the law punished addiction，we would all be in prison because we are addicted to our phones.(addict)(2018·江苏苏锡常镇二模)
(3)Addicted to playing(play) the violin，he didn’t notice a thief walk into his house.
(4)I went through about four years of being addicted to video games(沉迷于电子游戏)．
[句式升级]
(5)The boy was addicted to computer games，and he didn’t want to study.
①The boy addicted himself to computer games，and he didn’t want to study.(用动词addict改写)
②Addicted to computer games，the boy didn’t want to study.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
(1)reduce (...) by...减少了……
reduce (from...) to...(从……)减少到……
(2)sb.be reduced to (doing)．..某人沦为……；某人陷入……状态
(3)reduction n．减少；降低
(1)According to researchers，these young adults reported a notable increase in happiness and a significant reduction(reduce) in stress.(2018·湖南岳阳模拟)
(2)If you buy more than ten books，they will reduce the price by 10 percent.
(3)He offered the painting to me at a reduced(reduce) price.
(4)Eventually he was reduced to begging(沦为乞讨) on the streets.
(1)be affected by被……感动；被……影响/侵袭
be affected with high fever发高烧
affect sb.to tears把某人感动得流泪
(2)affection n．喜爱；爱慕
(1)What kind of education can be “meaningful” to young people affected(affect) by conflict？(2016·浙江)
(2)She was affected to tears(感动得落泪) by his story.
[句式升级]
(3)He was affected by the failure in the exam and lost heart.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Affected by the failure in the exam，he lost heart.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中affect的汉语意思
(4)The disease affects many different organs of his body. C
A．影响 B．感动 C．(疾病)侵袭
(1)recognise...as/to be...把……看作……
It is recognised that...人们公认……
(2) recognition n．认出；认识
beyond recognition认不出来
(1)For example，she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognising(recognise) the efforts of young people to change the world.
(2)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond recognition
(recognize)．
(3)[一句多译] 我们都认为屠呦呦是位伟大的科学家。
①We all recognise Tu Youyou as/to be a great scientist.
②It is recognised that Tu Youyou is a great scientist.
(1)related adj.有关的；相关的
(2)relate v．有关；涉及；使联系；讲述，叙述
relate...to...把……和……联系起来
relate to涉及；和……相关；谈到；理解
(3)relation n．关系；联系；亲属
in relation to关于；与……相比
(1)Deeply related to the matters，he has to answer all the related questions.(relate)
(2)Your statement doesn’t relate well to the facts.
(3)I have nothing to say in relation to(关于；relation)that matter.
break down出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break up粉碎；解散；放假；(关系等)破裂
break out(战争、火灾等)爆发；突然开始(＋doing)
break through取得突破；克服
break with与……断交；背弃
break away (from)脱离
[根据语境用break短语的正确形式填空]
(1)When I told them my story，the girl broke into tears.
(2)Some women broke with tradition by going to study abroad.
(3)Scientists say they’re beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
(4)When do you break up for Christmas?
(5)Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
(1)a sense of belonging归属感
(2)belongings n.所有物；财产
(1)Lockers are available to store any belongings(belong) during your visit.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
(2)This is a house belonging(belong) to my grandfather.
(3)He walks in and out as if the house belonged to him(he)．
(4)In my opinion，you’d better put the book where it belongs.
易错点拨 belong to无被动语态，无进行时，后接名词或代词的宾格，其现在分词形式可作后置定语。
in order to与so as to都可以表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首，而in order to既可置于句首，也可置于句中。两者都可转换成in order that/so that引导的目的状语从句。
[同义句改写]
(1)We started early in order that we would arrive before dark.(用in order to/so as to改写)
→We started early in order to/so as to arrive before dark.
(2)Members work hard so as to support each other and not let the team down.(用so that改写)
→Members work hard so that they can support each other and not let the team down.
give in投降；屈服；让步；呈送
give in to屈服于
give off放出；排出
give out用完；分发；公布；发出
give away赠送；泄露；颁发
give way to给……让路
[根据语境用give短语的正确形式填空]
(1)His wife finally persuaded him to give up smoking.
(2)The market was full of salted fish，giving off the worst smell.
(3)He gave away most of his money to charity last year.
(4)At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving，but eventually he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.(2018·天津)
Using cocaine increases the user’s heart rate and blood pressure.
吸食可卡因会使使用者的心率提高，血压上升。
(1)动名词(短语)作主语通常表示习惯性、泛指、经常性、不具体的动作，而不定式作主语则表示一次性、特指、未来、具体的动作。
(2)当use，good，pity，time，fun，nice，worth等作表语时，常用it作形式主语，把作主语的动名词后置。其他情况下，当将动名词移至句尾时，通常改为不定式。
(3)动名词的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
(1)Traveling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018·北京)
(2)Being constantly exposed(expose) to advertisements is annoying，but it can be pleasant sometimes.
(3)It’s no use arguing(argue) with him over such an unimportant matter.
(4)His(he) coming home late worries his mother greatly.
(5)[一句多译] 他的爱好之一是集邮。
①Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.
②One of his hobbies is to collect stamps.
(1)“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody等。
(2)含否定词表最高级意义的其他表达：
否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as；
否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than；
have never＋such＋形容词原级＋名词；
can/could＋never/not...＋形容词/副词＋enough＝can/could＋never/not...＋too＋形容词/副词“再……也不为过”。
(1)It was not until then that I suddenly realised nobody was happier than I was.
直到那时我才意识到没人比我更幸福了。
(2)He is kind and helpful，so you can’t praise him too much.
他善良且乐于助人，因此你再怎么赞扬他也不为过。
[句式升级]
(3)Spring is the most pleasant season of all.(用“否定词＋比较级”改写)
No season is more pleasant than spring.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce(reduce) food waste.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．My brother made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.
3．I’ll treat you to lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.
4．They hope paper bags will be banned(ban) someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.(2018·浙江)
5．People from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch(touch) them.
6．And then，how many adults(adult)，who now complain about the long drives to work，eagerly drove for hours at a time when they first obtained their driver’s licenses.
7．Complaining is an addiction(addict) and a hard habit to break.Like any other habit to break，it will take time.
8．Though recognised(recognise) as a fine actress and a proven director，she still invests great efforts and energy in her career.
9．Again，I felt powerless(power) and frustrated，facing the reality that there was no one to help me.
10．It is illegal(legal) for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于毒品)
1．昨天晚上，一名罪犯为了弄到钱买毒品闯进了当地的一家银行。
2．据报道，这名罪犯对可卡因上瘾，这严重地影响了他的健康。(It is reported that；which引导非限制性定语从句)
3．例如，吸食可卡因使他心跳加速，血压上升。(v.ing 作主语)
4．另外，他是如此暴力的一个人，任何人认出他，请立刻联络警察。(such...that；疑问词＋ever)
5．没有比这更糟糕的了，因为他是第一个被最近通过的法律惩罚的吸毒者。(否定词＋比较级；不定式作定语)
6．几天之内他可能就会被警方抓住，并且会被送往戒毒中心。(be likely to do)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Last night,11.a criminal broke into a local bank 12.in order to get money to buy drugs.13.It is reported that the criminal is addicted to cocaine，which affects his health seriously.For example,14.using cocaine increases his heart rate and blood pressure.Moreover，he is 15.such a violent person that whoever recognises him，please call the police immediately.16.Nothing could be worse because he will be the first drug user 17.to be punished by the latest law.He 18.is likely to be caught by the police in several days and will be sent to a center for drug addicts.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：周围的环境 难度星级：☆
When I was a boy there were no smartphones，and our television only got one channel clearly.Still，I never felt bored.The fields，hills and woodlands around my home were the perfect playgrounds whose adventures were only limited by my imagination.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake and walking slowly around it.At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before.It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides，but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.
I walked on and on for what seemed like hours.I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear “turn around and head back home”，but I was stubborn and walked on.There was still neither a car nor a house in sight.I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared.I didn’t want to end up being trapped on this road，and I was worried that it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.
I continued walking on with something growing inside of me.My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.I was almost in tears when I saw something in the distance.It was a house that I recognized.I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.It was still over a mile away，but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time.I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner.Then I ended my adventure with a good night’s sleep.
I often thought of that experience recently.Actually，in our life，all roads，no matter how they twist and turn，can lead us home again.They can lead us to our homes here on the Earth.They can lead us to our homes in our hearts.May you always walk your path with love！May you always help your fellow travelers along the way！And may your roads always lead you home again!
语篇解读 本文通过作者小时候在自己家附近的一次探险经历，告诉人们一个道理：生活中所有的道路，无论有多曲折，都会引领我们回家。
19．Why did the author hardly feel bored when he was young?
A．He could watch TV all day.
B．He could have fun in nature.
C．He had many friends to play with.
D．He used to explore the old dirt road.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“The fields，hills and woodlands around my home were the perfect playgrounds whose adventures were only limited by my imagination.”可知，在作者小时候，他家周围的田野、山丘和小树林都是理想的玩耍场所，在那里只有想不到的，没有玩儿不到的。因此，他可以从大自然中寻找快乐，所以从来不感到无聊。
20．What does the underlined word “something” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A．Doubt. B．Hope.
C．Fear. D．Courage.
答案 C
解析 代词指代题。根据第三段第二、三句“My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.I was almost in tears when I saw something in the distance.”可知，作者内心渐渐地害怕起来。由此可推测，something在此指“恐惧”，即fear。
21．What may be the best title for the passage?
A．Every Effort Is Worthwhile
B．All Roads Lead Home
C．Be Determined in Your Life
D．Be Brave to Explore
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Actually，in our life，all roads，no matter how they twist and turn，can lead us home again.”可知，本文的主旨是：生活中所有的道路，无论有多曲折，都会引领我们回家。
话题：社会 难度星级：☆☆☆
(2019·重庆渝高中学质检)
A First Responder is someone who immediately tries to help with some incident that occurs.This could be a response to someone who is hurt or injured，a natural disaster (like a fire，flood or tornado)，or maybe your pet needs help.
The response might be at your house or in your neighborhood or community.When called，the First Responder is trained to come right away.A quick response is the surest way that the incident can be resolved in the shortest amount of time and with the least amount of damage to individuals and to property.
A First Responder is responsible for the protection and preservation of life，property，evidence，and the environment.They are trained in many areas like emergency management，public health，clinical care，public works，and in operating equipment.
Together，they work to provide support services at the “onset” of an incident.“Onset” means at the early stages.They work to help in all response areas of prevention，response and recovery：
Prevention is trying to stop more things happening in the future as a result of this incident.
Response means what is done in the incident and how you react to those individuals in the incident.
Recovery means what is done to restore or rebuild (whatever it is) back to what it was like prior to the incident.
Dialing 911 is one way you can ask for help from First Responders.You should know when it is appropriate to call this emergency help number.Dialing 911 in cases that are not emergencies should be prevented.It wastes people’s time and takes away resources that are needed from other emergency situations.Your parents and teachers can talk to you about dialing 911.
We salute those people who are First Responders and we thank them for their quick responses to helping out in situations when needed.We thank them for their special technical skills and personal skills of kindness and caring they bring with them on every response job.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现场急救员的工作，指出不是紧急事件就不应该拨打911，因为其他紧急情况可能更需要紧急救助资源，并且表达了对现场急救员无私工作的感谢。
22．Which of situations should one contact First Responder?
A．Jane noticed a passerby falling and unconscious during her shopping.
B．Helen was driving outside when a tornado occurred.
C．Little John’s puppy became mad and he could not control it.
D．All above.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段可知现场急救员的工作范围，由此推断出A、B、C都在现场急救员的工作范围内。故选D。
23．Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 4 imply all below EXCEPT that .
A．the First Responder is usually not far from the caller
B．the First Responder can support help when trouble begins
C．the First Responder is to blame for their wrong doings
D．the First Responder should be professional on dealing with emergencies
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。此题宜用排除法。根据第二段首句“The response might be at your house or in your neighborhood or community.”可知，现场急救员通常离求救者不远，排除A；根据第四段首句“Together，they work to provide support services at the ‘onset’ of an incident.”可知，现场急救员在事故一开始时就能提供帮助，排除B；根据第三段末句“They are trained in many areas like emergency management，public health，clinical care，public works，and in operating equipment.”可知，现场急救员在处理紧急情况时应该很专业，排除D。故选C。
24．911 should NOT be dialed without reason because .
A．the cost of dialing 911 will be quite expensive
B．others may need the emergency resources more
C．the number of 911 is not lucky
D．it is often hard to get through
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句“It wastes people’s time and takes away resources that are needed from other emergency situations.”可知，没有正当理由时，就不应该拨打911，因为其他人可能更需要紧急救助的资源。故选B。
25．The last paragraph may aim to .
A．express thanks for First Responders’ selfless work
B．call on everyone to join the team of First Responders
C．warn others not to turn to First Responders for help
D．give reasons why First Responders are amateur
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，最后一段旨在表达对现场急救员无私工作的感谢。故选A。
话题：计划 难度星级：☆☆☆
I’d have to say that the schemes to reduce staff absence and increase punctuality(准时) have been a big success.We’ve seen that staff attendance levels have increased from 88% to 93%；and levels of punctuality have increased from 79% to 91%，which is fantastic.And the number of days that staff have taken off for sickness has dropped from an average of nine days per year to just five.There has also been a general increase in motivation at work，and we’ve seen output increase by at least 16% since this time last year.
So，what have we been doing to improve things？Well，for a start，we’ve been introducing a scheme so that employees get bonuses if company production targets and sales figures are met.And if things carry on as they are，all employees will have received a bonus by the end of next month.We’ve also introduced a system whereby employees and management set personal targets.Then，the individual employee receives a bonus if these targets are met.And to help with punctuality，we’ve installed a new system that records exactly what time people are getting in and leaving the office.This has helped improve punctuality rates substantially.
Another initiative has been the installation of a games room for employees to use during midmorning and lunch breaks.We’ve found that it’s a great way to motivate staff，giving them time to relax.As part of this，we’ve bought a ping pong table，a basketball hoop and a darts board.And by next week，the two tablefootball tables that we ordered last month will have arrived.Since opening the games room，staff have been using it constantly，especially the beds that we bought to allow staff to have a short nap during the day.Along similar lines，we’ve also organized a number of teambuilding excursions.
26．Why does the author list some figures in Paragraph One?
A．To prove the plans work well.
B．To show employees to be more punctual.
C．To present the production grows obviously.
D．To prove the increase of workers’ attendance.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“I’d have to say that the schemes to reduce staff absence and increase punctuality(准时) have been a big success.”可知作者在第一段列举了一些数字，是为了证明这项计划非常有效，故选A。
27．What have they done to help with punctuality?
A．They’ve set personal targets.
B．They’ve weakened demands on employees.
C．They’ve introduced a scheme to give employees bonuses.
D．They’ve recorded workers’ coming and leaving by a new system.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“And to help with punctuality，we’ve installed a new system that records exactly what time people are getting in and leaving the office.”可知，他们通过一种新的系统来记录员工到达办公室和离去的时间，故选D。
28．As readers，who may benefit most from this article?
A．Students. B．Managers.
C．Teachers. D．Farmers.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。这篇文章为企业的经营管理者提供了一些经营管理模式，所以管理者读这篇文章最受益，故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2017·福建泉州一模)
Reasons to Take Part in Student Clubs and Organizations
Many college students don’t know what they’re missing by not taking part in the student clubs and organizations that are offered at most colleges and universities.Taking part in one can be a rich and rewarding experience. 29 Check them out and see what’s available.Here are a few reasons why you should take part in student clubs and organizations.
1．Meet new people.
It can be hard to meet new people in college，especially in your first year. 30 However，in a club，you’ll find yourself in a smaller group of people who likely share your interest.
2．Help your major.
There are many student clubs and organizations for different majors and departments.Such clubs can be a lot of fun as well as a great academic resource for you.By joining an academic club you will probably have an easier time to know professors in your departments. 31
3．Learn important leadership skills.
Student clubs and organizations can be a good way to learn important leadership skills that would look great on job applications. 32 These skills could be event planning，finance management，and so on.Find a club that you love being a part of your school life and if you work hard you might be able to gain such a position.
4． 33
Lastly，student clubs and organizations can simply be a lot of fun.Make sure to take advantage of student clubs and organizations to make the most out of your time in college!
A．Have fun.
B．Never waste energy.
C．Class sizes can be big.
D．Take advantage of your major.
E．So don’t just walk past those tables during clubs week.
F．In a club，you will be able to gain other important skills.
G．And you might even get access to study help and other academic advice.
29．答案 E
解析 空前句意：参加大学生俱乐部或组织或许是一次丰富而有益的经历。空后句意：把它们都看一看，看看哪个是可行的。故E项(因此，在“俱乐部周”期间，不要只是路过这些桌子。)符合上下文。
30．答案 C
解析 空前句意：在大学里可能很难认识新朋友，特别是在大一的时候。空后句意：然而，在俱乐部里，你会发现你在一个可能和你有着相同兴趣的较小的团队里。故C项(班级规模可能很大。)符合上下文的转折关系。
31．答案 G
解析 本段的主题是说参加俱乐部对你的专业有帮助。空前句意：通过加入学术俱乐部，你可能会更容易认识你们系的教授们。故G项(你甚至可能会获得学习帮助以及其他的学术建议。)符合上下文。
32．答案 F
解析 空前句意：学生俱乐部和组织是学习重要的领导技能的好办法，领导技能在找工作的时候非常有用。空后句意：这些技能可能是活动策划、财务管理等等。由此可知空后的技能是除领导技能以外的技能，故F项(在俱乐部里，你可以获得其他重要的技能。)符合上下文。
33．答案 A
解析 本空是这一段的主题句。根据下文所介绍的内容可知，学生俱乐部和组织会非常有趣。故A项(玩得开心。)最能概括本段内容。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2018·贵州遵义航天高级中学模拟)
Over the last 15 years，as a doctor，I have had hearttoheart conversations with countless patients near the end of their lives.The most common emotion they express is 34 .And that’s 35 I came up with a project to encourage people to write a 36 to their loved ones.It’s a lesson I learned years ago from a memorable 37 patient.
He was a retired 38 with cancer.Every day，his 39 spent many hours watching him watch television.She explained to me he had never been much of a 40 in their 50plus years of marriage.But he seemed quite 41 to share his ideas with me， 42 when it became clear his days were 43 .He spoke of his deep regret for not having spent enough time with his loved wife，and of his great 44 in his son，who had joined the Navy in his father’s footsteps.
One afternoon，when I mentioned these 45 to his wife and son，they looked disbelievingly at each other.They thanked me for being so kind but 46 my patient was unlikely to express such feelings.To make sure his family could hear his 47 ，I took my video camera with me the next morning and with the patient’s 48 ，recorded an open letter from him to his family.When I gave them the 49 letter，both his wife and son were moved to tears.
The experience 50 my letter project，which can help people complete their life review tasks：apologizing to those we may have hurt; 51 those who have hurt us and saying “I love you”．It may take much courage to write a life review letter.For some people，it may 52 deep and troubling emotions. 53 it may be the most important letter you will ever write.
语篇解读 作为一名医生，因为与无数临终的病人交谈过，他们常表达出自己的遗憾。这激发了作者想让人们给自己爱的人写一封信的想法，以此表达对曾经伤害过的人的歉意及原谅伤害过自己的人。
34．A.gratitude B．regret
C．apology D．affection
答案 B
解析 根据下文的内容可知是在临终之前表达的都是遗憾的心情。最后一段中有提示。gratitude感激；regret后悔，遗憾；apology道歉；affection感情，喜爱。
35．A.because B．why
C．when D．how
答案 B
解析 从语境可看出那就是我为什么(why)提出这个项目。That’s why...那就是为什么……。故选B。
36．A.note B．bill
C．letter D．sentence
答案 C
解析 通过语境可知病人临终时常有遗憾，因此作者想通过这个项目来鼓励人们写信给自己所爱的人。下文多次出现letter也是提示。故选C。
37．A.dying B．weak
C．unconscious D．silent
答案 A
解析 从下文可知这是从一个将要去世的人身上学到的教训。因此选项dying(临终的，将要去世的)符合题意。weak虚弱的；unconscious无意识的；silent沉默的。通过对比可知A符合题意。
38．A.merchant B．worker
C．official D．soldier
答案 D
解析 从第二段最后一句可知他当过海军，因此是个士兵(soldier)。
39．A.family B．daughter
C．son D．wife
答案 D
解析 由下文“in their 50plus years of marriage(在他们结婚的50多年里)”可知是他的妻子(wife)。
40．A.husband B．lover
C．talker D．companion
答案 C
解析 上文说他妻子每天都在看他看电视，由此可推断出，他不是个健谈的人(talker)。下文中的“my patient was unlikely to express such feelings”也是提示。
41．A.willing B．disturbing
C．embarrassed D．delighted
答案 A
解析 根据句意可知这个人不善言谈却愿意(willing)和我分享他的一些想法。disturbing烦扰的，令人不安的；embarrassed尴尬的，窘迫的；delighted高兴的。
42．A.specially B．especially
C．exactly D．gradually
答案 B
解析 句意为：他看起来非常愿意和我分享他的想法，尤其(especially)是他在世上的日子不多时。 specially特别地，专门地；exactly确切地；gradually逐渐地。
43．A.numbered B．died
C．ended D．completed
答案 A
解析 从上文可知他是个癌症患者，所剩时日不多，屈指可数。故用numbered。
44．A.satisfaction B．pride
C．concern D．complaint
答案 B
解析 句意为：他儿子以他为榜样参加了海军，因此他以儿子为自豪(pride)。 satisfaction满意；concern关心；complaint抱怨。故选B。
45．A.comments B．decisions
C．explanations D．promises
答案 A
解析 句意为：当我把他的话(即评论)对他的妻子和儿子说了，他们难以置信。comment评论；decision决定；explanation解释；promise承诺，允诺。
46．A.denied B．disbelieved
C．insisted D．realized
答案 C
解析 从上文可知这个病人是个不善言谈的人，所以当他的儿子和妻子听到这样的评论难以相信，因此他们才会感谢我并坚持说(insist)他是不可能如此表达的。deny否认；disbelieve不相信，怀疑；realize意识到，知道，实现。从上文可知C符合题意。
47．A.sorrow B．anxiety
C．wish D．love
答案 D
解析 从上文的内容可知这个病人表达的是对家人的爱(love)。sorrow悲痛；anxiety焦虑，担心；wish愿望。
48．A.desire B．permission
C．request D．assistance
答案 B
解析 句意为：第二天我带着摄像机，经过病人的同意(permission)录下了他的“信”。 desire渴望；permission允许，批准；request请求；assistance帮助。从上下文可知是病人允许了。故选B。
49．A.taped B．typed
C．written D．unopened
答案 A
解析 taped录制的；typed用打字机打的；written书面的，文字的；unopened未打开的。由上文带着摄像机可知，应该是录制的(taped)信。故选A。
50．A.raised B．inspired
C．proved D．welcomed
答案 B
解析 根据下文可知这个项目能帮助人们弥补过去的憾事，故这件事激励我去做这个项目。raise引起，养育，筹集；inspire鼓舞，激励，赋予灵感，启迪；prove证明，证实；welcome欢迎。
51．A.acknowledging B．forgetting
C．hurting D．forgiving
答案 D
解析 句意为：向那些我们可能伤害过的人道歉；原谅那些伤害过我们的人，并说“我爱你”。acknowledge承认，鸣谢，对……打招呼；forget忘记；hurt伤害；forgive原谅。通过上下文可知是原谅(forgive)那些伤害过我们的人，D符合题意。
52．A.call for B．call off
C．call in D．call up
答案 D
解析 句意为：它可能唤起(call up)人们内心深处的烦恼情绪。call for要求，需要，提倡；call off放弃，取消，叫走；call in召集，召来，收回；call up打电话，召集，使想起，提出，唤醒。通过上下文可知call up符合题意。
53．A.So B．For
C．Yet D．Otherwise
答案 C
解析 从本空的语境可知，虽然这可能会让人们想起不好的情绪，但却是最重要的一封信。由此可知此处是转折关系。故选C。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Children have their own rules in playing games.They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores.They don’t care much 54. who wins or loses，and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished.Yet，they like games that depend a lot on luck，so that their personal abilities cannot be 55. (direct) compared.They also enjoy games that move in stages，in which each stage，the 56. (choose) of leaders，the pickingup of sides，or the determining of which side shall start，is almost a game in itself.
Grownups can hardly find children’s games exciting，and they often feel 57. (puzzle) at why their kids play such simple games again and again.However，it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons.He can be a good 58. (play) without having to think 59. he is a popular person，and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid.He 60. (become) a leader when it comes to his turn.He can be confident，too，in particular 61. (game)，that it is his place to give orders，to pretend to be dead，to throw a ball actually at someone，or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game，they imagine a situation under 62. (they) control.Everyone knows 63. rules，and more importantly，everyone plays according to the rules.Those rules may be childish，but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了孩子们有他们自己的游戏规则，并说明了孩子们玩游戏的原因。
54．答案 about
解析 care about关心，在乎，为固定短语，故填about。
55．答案 directly
解析 此处修饰谓语动词be compared，应用副词形式。故填directly。
56．答案 choosing
解析 分析句子成分可知，所填词由the修饰，故应填名词或动名词形式；又因其与空后的pickingup及determining并列，所以也应用其动名词形式。故填choosing。
57．答案 puzzled
解析 ed形式的形容词一般形容人，表示“某人感到……的”；ing形式的形容词表示“某事(物)令人……的”。根据语境可知，此处表示“(大人)感觉很困惑”，所以应用ed形式的形容词。故填puzzled。
58．答案 player
解析 分析句子成分可知，本句主语为He，且空前有不定冠词和形容词修饰，所以所填词应为名词的单数形式。故填player。
59．答案 whether/if
解析 根据语境可知，此处表示“不需要考虑他是否受欢迎”。再分析句子结构可知，所填词为宾语从句引导词。宾语从句中主干完整，且由句意可知，此处表示“是否”，故填whether/if。
60．答案 becomes
解析 全文的主体时态为一般现在时，且设空处后面的when引导的时间状语从句中也用了一般现在时，故此处也为一般现在时。又因主语为He，是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词也需用单数形式。故填becomes。
61．答案 games
解析 game为可数名词，根据常识可知，小孩子喜欢玩的游戏不止一种，因此需要用其复数形式。故填games。
62．答案 their
解析 设空处作定语，修饰名词control，所以需用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
63．答案 the
解析 空后的rules指的是“孩子们所玩游戏的规则”，表示特指，所以用定冠词。故填the。
Ⅶ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season.We had not seen rain in almost a month.The crops were dying.Cows had stopped giving milk.The streams were long gone back into the earth.If we didn’t see some rain soon we would lose everything.It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of sharing and witnessed the best miracle I have ever seen in my life.
I was in the kitchen making lunch for the family when I saw my sixyearold son，Billy，walking toward the woods.I could only see his back.He wasn’t walking with his usual steps.He was obviously walking with great effort...trying to be as still as possible.Minutes after he disappeared into the woods，he came running out again，toward the house.I went back to make sandwiches，thinking that whatever he had been doing was completed.Moments later，however，he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods.This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods，then running back to the house.Finally，my curiosity got the best of me.I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked；being very careful not to spill(溅出) the water he held in them.I stepped close as he went into the woods.Branches and thorns slapped his little face but he did not try to avoid them.He might have a much greater purpose，I thought.As I came closer，I saw the most amazing sight.Several large deer stood in front of him.Billy walked right up to them，at the sight of which I almost screamed for him to get away.A huge buck(雄鹿) was dangerously close.But the buck neither threatened him nor even moved as Billy knelt down.And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground，obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion，lifting its head with great effort to lap(舔) up the water cupped in my boy’s hands.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
When the water was gone，Billy jumped up to run back to the house.I followed him
Paragraph 2：
This time I joined him，with a small pot of water from the kitchen.
参考范文
When the water was gone，Billy jumped up to run back to the house.I followed him back to the tap.Billy turned it on and began to cup both hands.He knelt down，letting the drip slowly fill up his “cup”．And now I knew what was going on.Obviously，he was afraid of being scolded for wasting water，so he avoided asking me for help.When he stood up and turned back，I walked toward him.His eyes were filled with tears.“Mom，I’m not wasting.” I kissed him and gave him a hug.
This time I joined him，with a small pot of water from the kitchen.I let him tend to the baby deer alone while I just helped fetch the water.As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground，they were suddenly joined by other drops...and more drops...and more.I looked up at the sky.It was as if God，himself，was weeping with pride.I can’t believe it was raining!
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