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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book4Module6
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基础知识默写
1.attack vt.& n.袭击；攻击→attacker n.攻击者
2.frightening adj.吓人的→frightened adj.受惊吓的→frighten v.使惊恐；恐吓→fright n.害怕
3.exist vi.存在→existence n.存在→existing adj.现存的
4.sharp adj.锋利的；尖的；敏锐的→sharpen v.(使)变得锋利；加强；使尖锐
5.claim vt.声称
6.surface n.表面；水面
7.calm adj.平静的 v.(使)平静；(使)镇静→calmly adv.平静地
8.unlikely adj.不可能的→likely(反)adj.可能的
9.cover vt.占地(多大面积)；覆盖，足够支付，行走(一段路程)，报道 n.封皮
10.adapt vi.适应；适合；改编→adaptation n.适应；改编(本)
11.disappear vi.不见；消失→disappearance n.消失→appear(反)vi.出现→appearance n.出现；外观
12.fierce adj.凶猛的；残暴的→fiercely adv.凶猛地
13.destruction n.毁坏→destroy v.毁坏，摧毁→destructive adj.毁灭性的；破坏性的
14.generous adj.有雅量的；大方的；心地高尚的→generosity n.慷慨；大方
15.positive adj.正面的；积极的；肯定的→negative(反)adj.负面的；消极的；否定的
16.reputation n.名誉；名声
17.border n.边境；国界
18.indicate vt.象征；暗示→indication n.象征；表明→indicator n.指示器；指示信号
19.fortune n.运气；命运；财富→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
20.footprint n.脚印；足迹
21.creature n.动物；生物
22.journal n.杂志；学报；期刊→journalism n.新闻业→journalist n.新闻记者
23.identity n.身份；特性→identify vt.确认；辨别；鉴定→identification n.确认；身份证明
24.mysterious adj.神秘的→mystery n.谜
25.extinct adj.绝种的；消亡了的→extinction n.消失；灭绝
26.sceptical adj.怀疑的；不相信的
27.myth n.神话；神话故事
28.close to靠近
29.be sceptical about对……怀疑
30.be related to 与……有关
31.adapt to适应
32.die out灭绝
33.cut off切断
34.throw light on/upon 阐明某事；帮助弄清楚
35.come straight to the point谈正题；开门见山
36.go for袭击；抨击；适用于；选择；喜欢；努力争取
37.due to由于
38.He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.
他声称看见过一个黑黑的、圆圆的东西在水中快速游动。
39.There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century，although no one has seen one close up.
自上世纪初以来，一直就有关于天池怪物的报道，尽管还不曾有人近距离地目睹过。
40.They say that the lowtemperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.
他们说，温度低的湖中不可能存活如此大的生物。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.We can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist(存在) if it weren’t for casual conversation.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2.From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of the surface(表面) is covered by water.
3.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation(名声)，suggesting great food at fair prices.(2018·江苏)
4.The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive(积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
5.It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous(慷慨的) support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
6.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers(attack).(2017·全国Ⅱ)
7.Hearing a strange noise，the poor man，trembling and frightened(frighten)，ran out of the dark cave.
8.Explain your frustrations calmly(calm) and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.(2017·天津)
9.Momandpop(家庭经营的) carmakers are unlikely(like) to beat the biggest car companies.
(2018·江苏)
10.These include custommade navigation(导航) tools，night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations(adapt).(2017·全国Ⅲ)
11.The disappearance(disappear) of the wolves had many unexpected results.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
12.These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist(journal).(2018·全国Ⅰ)
13.BookCrossing provides an identification(identify) number to stick inside the book.
(2016·全国Ⅱ)
14.There was every indication(indicate) that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future.(2016·江苏)
15.Unfortunately(fortune)，just as I took out my camera，a woman approached from behind，and planted herself right in front of my view.(2017·天津)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
HUNDREDS of millions of people across the world held their breath.Each one was anxiously watching a tiny robot on their TV screen getting 1.close to the inside of Egypt’s largest pyramid(金字塔)，which 2.was cut off from the outside world.Some 3.were skeptical about whether the robot actually managed to probe(探究) inside one of the world’s greatest mysteries.Others were hoping this search would 4. throw light on it.The live broadcast of the exploration(探险)，which 5.was related to the Great Pyramid，outside Cairo(开罗)，on September 17，aroused lots of people’s interest in archaeology(考古学).
The robot “Pyramid Rover”(金字塔漫游者)，measured 12cm wide and 30cm long and had a height that can 6.adapt to the height from 11cm to 28cm.7.Due to people’s interest in it，many explorations had been done before.But scientists preferred to 8.go for a robotic one.According to a scientist，“Let me 9.come straight to the point.The creatures that witnessed the building of the pyramid 10. died out.We can never be too cautious.Let’s waiting for good news！”
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Jack pretended to have known everything about it and said nothing.(不定式的完成式)
杰克假装已经知道了关于它的所有事情，并且什么也没说。
2.Any act of kindness，however small，is of great value to the one in need.(be＋of＋名词)
任何善行，不管多小，都会对有需要的人非常有价值。
3.The exchange student who needs to communicate using pictures，is unlikely to pass the language test by himself.(be unlikely to do...)
依赖于图片进行交流的交换生不可能靠自己通过语言考试。
1.“静”系列
(1)calm adj.平静的；冷静的
(2)cool adj.冷静的
(3)quiet adj.安静的
(4)still adj.静止的
(5)silent adj.沉默的
2.“动词加ence变为名词”大聚会
(1)exist→existence存在
(2)refer→reference参考
(3)differ→difference不同
(4)prefer→preference偏好
3.“point”短语一览
(1)come straight to the point 开门见山
(2)to the point 切题的
(3)off the point 离题的
(4)miss the point没明白要点
(5)There is no point in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的。
4.“适应”全接触
(1)adapt oneself to
(2)get/be used to
(3)adjust onself to
(4)accommodate oneself to
(1)exist on靠……生活/生存
exist in存在于……中
There exists/existed...某地有……；存在……
(2)existence n.存在；生存
come into existence产生；成立；开始存在
in existence存在
(3)existing adj.(仅用于名词前)目前的，现存的
(1)It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.
(2)There exists a good way to solve the existing(exist) problem in geography.
(3)Nowadays，there are still many people wondering when the earth came into existence(产生).
易错点拨 exist只用作不及物动词，因此没有被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。
(1)claim to do...声称做……
It is claimed that...据称……
(2)make a claim声称；断言
(1)Seborga(塞波加) is a small village that declared itself independent in the 1960s，claiming(claim) it was never properly incorporated(合并) into Italy.(2018·山东聊城二模)
(2)It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.
(3)The program claims to let(let) children “Learn from Classics，Act in Practice”.
(4)[一句多译] 他声称这辆汽车是他的。
①He claimed to be the owner of the car.
②He claimed that he was the owner of the car.
③His claim was that he was the owner of the car.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中claim的汉语意思
(5)The accident claimed five lives. A
A.夺去……的生命 B.索取 C.断言
calm adj.镇静的，沉着的；风平浪静的；无风的
v.(使)平静，(使)镇静
(1)keep/stay/be calm保持镇静
(2)calm down(使)平静/镇静下来
(1)This helps your body receive a signal to relax.Then you can calm yourself(you) down and get centered.(2018·广西桂林模拟)
(2)It is important to keep/stay/be calm(保持镇静) in an emergency.
(3)Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down(冷静下来).(2017·北京)
[根据语境用calm，quiet，silent，still的正确形式填空]
(4)Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened.
(5)He spoke no English and was completely silent during the visit.
(6)Children find it difficult to sit still for very long.
(7)The airlines have invested enormous sums in quieter，more efficient engines.
[词义辨析] calm，quiet，silent，still
※calm平静的，沉着的，指无风浪或人的心情不激动。
※quiet宁静的，安静的，指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。
※silent寂静的，沉默的，指不说话或没有声音。
※still静止的，不动的，指(人体等)不运动的。
(1)adapt (...) to (使……)适应于……
adapt oneself to使自己适应……
adapt(...) from根据……改编(写)……
adapt...for把……改编(写)成……；为……改编(写)……
(2)adaptation n.改编本；适应
adaptable adj.可改编的；能适应的
(1)The reason for this bird’s adaptation to the cold temperatures of the Arctic Circle is its splendidly beautiful，white，and thick feathers.(2018·全国名校联盟联考)
(2)It was a TV adaptation(adapt) of Chinese literature classic，The Dream of the Red Chamber，which was performed by a group of children aged 6 to 12.
(3)So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change(适应气候变化).(2017·江苏)
[句式升级]
(4)The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if it was adapted for television，would be a hit.(改为省略句)
The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if adapted for television，would be a hit.
generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；宽厚的；仁慈的；丰富的
(1)be generous with在……方面大方
be generous in doing...乐于做……
It is generous of sb.to do...某人做……真慷慨。
(2)generosity n.慷慨，大方
generously adv.慷慨地
(1)That’s the reason why we should be tolerant.It’s a little like generosity(generous).
(2)It was generous of him to do so.
(3)From a young age，my parents have taught me the importance of giving generously(generous) to the less fortunate.(2018·宁夏银川一模)
(4)[同义句改写] He is generous with his help.
→He is generous in giving help.
(1)die away(声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from因……而死
die down减弱；平息
(2)be dying for很想要；渴望
be dying to do sth.渴望做某事
(1)In the 1980s，electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out.(2016·北京)
在20世纪80年代，电线和铅中毒几乎使它们濒临灭亡。
(2)Although the wind has died down，the rain remains steady，so you still need a raincoat.
虽然风小了，但是雨仍然下个不停，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。
(3)She is dying to know where you’ve been.
她极想知道你到哪儿去了。
be due to do sth.预期/预定要做某事
be due for sth.期望得到某物
(1)The meeting isn’t due to start(start) until three.
会议要到三点才开始。
(2)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.
(2018·江苏)
雷诺·韦恩和她的丈夫莫斯因为他们的错误投资而无家可归。
(3)The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.
他应得的工资明天付给他。
He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.他声称看见过一个黑黑的、圆圆的东西在水中快速游动。
(1)句中的to have seen是动词不定式的完成式，表示动作发生在句子谓语动作claim之前。
(2)动词不定式的三种形式：
一般式
to do；to be done
表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同一时间发生或发生在谓语动作之后
进行式
to be doing
表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同一时间发生，并且动作正在进行
完成式
to have done；to have been done
表示不定式的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
(1)The police seem to have found(find) the new evidence of his crime.
警方似乎已经找到了他犯罪的新证据。
(2)The boy pretended to be concentrating(concentrate) on his lesson，but in fact his mind was wandering.
男孩假装正在专注于功课，但事实上他在走神。
[写作提升] 我非常抱歉，给你带来这么多不便。
(3)I’m terribly sorry to have caused so much inconvenience to you.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，you’ll have no trouble answering(answer) these questions.(2018·天津)
2．If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick(stick) to healthy food choices throughout the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3．True creativity is the ability to take something existing(exist) and create something new from it.
4．Today，the scars(创痕) of destruction(destroy) are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air.
(2016·北京)
5．We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate(fortune) enough to have success，you should put something back.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
6．When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn’t sit quietly.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
7．I was skeptical about what he had said because he daren’t look me in the eye.
8．At least 3,0000 athletes are competing fiercely(fierce) in the game.
9．The university，covering(cover) an area of 100 square kilometers，is surrounded with trees and flowers.
10．Since you have known the reason why I come here，I will come straight to the point.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于未解之谜)
1．百慕大三角(Bermuda Triangle)是世界上最变化莫测的地方之一，有许多关于百慕大三角的神秘事件。
2．1981年，载有六个人的一艘船经过百慕大三角时突然消失了，这使得水手们很害怕。(when＋v.ing；which引导的非限制性定语从句)
3．每个人都怀疑他们是否有幸活着。(whether 从句)
4．令人吃惊的是，八年后，这艘船在同一个地方再次出现，船上的六个人依然活着。(with的复合结构)
5．他们声称他们不可能会失踪，因为对他们而言，八年只是很短的一段时间。(be unlikely to do；to have done)
6．直到现在没有任何证据能够阐明这个谜。(so far)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．There have existed many mysteries in Bermuda Triangle,12.one of the most unpredictable places in the world.In 1981，a boat with six people 13.disappeared suddenly when passing the Bermuda Triangle,14.which made sailors frightened.Everyone 15.was skeptical whether they were fortunate to be alive.Surprisingly，16.the boat appeared a second time eight years later 17.in the same spot，18.with all the six people still alive on board.19.They claimed that they were unlikely to have been lost，because to them，eight years was just a short time period.20.No evidence has thrown light on the mystery so far.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：周围的环境 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·台州中学统练)
I have many wonderful memories of my days as a circus clown(小丑)，but there is one day that I would rather forget：July 6,1944.We were playing a twoday stand in Hartford，Connecticut，and the big top caught fire.
I could hear grandstand chairs slamming inside the tent as people headed toward the exits.Some were jumping twelve feet from the top rows of the grandstand and seats to the ground outside.Most of the crowd was pouring through the regular exits and it soon became a panic.
In the midst of this scene the musicians had kept on playing until the tent was on fire overhead because they knew music sometimes might work wonder；they had jumped off the bandstand just before a flaming quarterpole fell into their stand.
City fire equipment had arrived by now and was pouring streams of water onto the big top area to cool it enough for firemen to enter.In the smoke and confusion，it was impossible to tell whether or not anyone might have been left in the tent.We circus people were ordered away from the smoking ruins that，only a few minutes ago，had been the biggest spread of canvas in the world.
I went outside；doctors，and firstaid workers were everywhere，carrying bodies from where the grandstands and seats had been.The toll(伤亡人数) of dead and dying increased so fast that emergency crews were called in from surrounding cities.
Later it was found that 168 people had died in the fire—the worst circus disaster in history，and an afternoon of horror I can never forget.
21．The musicians kept playing during the fire probably because they .
A．thought the fire was in another tent
B．knew nothing about the terrible fire
C．wanted to keep the crowd from panicking
D．believed the show should go on whatever happened
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the midst of this scene the musicians had kept on playing until the tent was on fire overhead because they knew music sometimes might work wonder...”可知，乐师在火灾期间一直弹奏音乐是因为他们知道音乐有时候对恐慌的人群有帮助，故选C。
22．Why were emergency crews from other cities called in?
A．There were too many victims to deal with.
B．Fire equipment in the city was not enough.
C．Too many people were left in the tent waiting.
D．The circus people were unwilling to do the rescue work.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，伤亡人数迅速增加，急需救治，所以需要从其他城市召集急救队，故选A。
23．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．A Journey to Death
B．The Day the Big Top Burned
C．Memories as a Circus Clown
D．The Worst Disaster in Human History
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。本文主要是对马戏团帐篷顶部发生火灾的情况的描述，故选B。
话题：环境 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·吉林实验中学模拟)
About 5,000 children die each day due to preventable diseases such as cholera and dysentery(痢疾)，which spread when people use unclean water for drinking or cooking.A lack of water for personal health leads to the spread of totally preventable diseases like trachoma，which has blinded some six million people.
Water troubles also trap many lowincome families in a cycle of poverty and poor education and the poorest suffer most from lack of access to water.People who spend much of their time on ill health，caring for sick children，or collecting water at distances averaging 3.75 miles a day don’t have educational and economic opportunities to better their lives.
Agriculture is called the lion’s share of freshwater worldwide，using some 70 percent，and industrial uses consume another 22 percent.Water areas have no political borders and nations don’t always work together to share common resources，so water can be a frequent source of international conflict as well.
Daybyday demand keeps growing，further needing water sources，from great rivers to groundwater.“We’re going deeper into debt on our groundwater use，” Postel said，“and that has very significant impacts on global water security.The rate of groundwater consumption has doubled since 1960.”
Some of Earth’s groundwater is fossil water created when Earth’s climate was far different.Today such water is as limited as petrol.“But we’re pumping much of them out faster than ever，” Postel explained.“Humanity’s growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems.And that also creates a cost to us，to our sons and to our grandsons，not just to nature.”
24．What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A．Water shortage has been a most serious challenge.
B．So many children die of polluted water every day.
C．Diseases should be properly controlled and treated.
D．Wasting water leads to the unrest of the world.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。本文作者通过水资源缺乏导致可预防疾病的扩散，使低收入家庭陷入贫穷、无法受教育等恶性循环，引起国际争端，及过度使用地下水破坏生态系统等内容阐述了水资源短缺是一个非常严峻的挑战。故选A。
25．Why is agriculture called the lion’s share of freshwater?
A．Because agriculture is much stronger than industry.
B．Because more people live on the agricultural produce.
C．Because agriculture uses about twothirds of freshwater.
D．Because nations don’t always work together to save water.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由题干信息可定位在第三段，由该段第一句可知，农业用水约占70%，工业用水占22%。农业使用了大约2/3的淡水，因此被称为“the lion’s share”。故选C。
26．According to what Postel said we can know .
A．groundwater is rich for us to use
B．there is no need to dig deep for groundwater
C．we are consuming our next generations’ water
D．we should use river water instead of groundwater
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。答案可定位在最后一段最后一句“这也给我们、我们的子孙后代，而不仅仅是大自然，带来了损失。”由此可知，我们正在消耗我们子孙后代的水。故选C。
27．What can we infer from the passage?
A．We shouldn’t use water from rivers.
B．We should protect our ecosystems.
C．Water should be distributed equally.
D．Laws should be passed for groundwater.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。答案可定位在最后一段倒数第二句，人类日益增长的渴求也给水和我们的生态系统带来了一个重大问题。由此推知，我们应该保护我们的生态系统，故选B。
话题：社会 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·浙江“五校联考”第一次考试)
Japan has made a lot of noise in recent years about removing the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work.So it was shocking when，on August 7th，Tokyo Medical University (TMU)，a distinguished medical school，admitted marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%.
Their defence was that women are more likely to drop out to marry and have children.To judge female applicants to medical school purely on their academic performance would leave Japan with a shortage of doctors，they said.The admission has caused outrage.
“Doctoring has long been a male field.But it is not the only one.Discrimination is common in banks and trading firms，where stamina(耐力) and loyalty，qualities somehow associated with men，are prized，” says Mari Miura，a political scientist at Sophia University.All this embarrasses a government that has promised to make women “shine”．The policy seems based on the need for more workers rather than on genuine concern for women.
Shinzo Abe，the prime minister，says he wants to bring millions more women into the workforce to make up for a labour shortfall caused by its ageing and declining population.In the field of politics，the record under Mr Abe’s premiership(首相任期) is disappointing.Just two members of his 20strong cabinet are women，including Seiko Noda，in charge of women’s rights.Ms Noda，who makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr Abe in a leadership contest next month，has just published a book called Grab the Future，her public declaration for pulling Japan into line with “global standards”．She has almost no chance of winning.
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。主要叙述了最近的日本尤其是东京医科大学对女性的性别歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境。
28．According to the passage，what has aroused the public’s shock and rage in Japan?
A．Women being more likely to drop out of school to marry and have children.
B．TMU judging female applicants to medical school merely on their test score.
C．TMU putting a lower grade on female applicants to keep a low percentage of women in each class.
D．Japan tending to abandon the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知在 8 月 7 日，当声望卓著的医学院——东京医科大学承认压低了女性申请者的考试分数，以将每个班级中女生的比例维持在 30%以下时，社会一片哗然。由此可知，答案选C项。
29．What do we know about Seiko Noda?
A．She is quite likely to win the leadership contest.
B．She never fails to show her ambition in public.
C．She is the only female member in Abe’s cabinet.
D．Her newly released book Grab the Future is a bit hit.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，野田毫不掩饰她在下个月的竞选中击败安倍的野心。她刚刚还出版了一本名为《抓住未来》的书，根据她的言行可知，她在公众场合表达自己的雄心，故选B项。
30．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Doctoring has long been a male field in Japan.
B．Professions like banking and trading are tailored to men.
C．Shinzo Abe performed poorly in dealing with labour shortfall.
D．Discrimination against women in careers in Japan is a big concern.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述了最近日本尤其是东京医科大学对女性的性别歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境，在事业上对女性的歧视成为日本很大的问题。故选D项。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·广东湛江调研)
Not everyone deals with their feelings as an open book for others to read. 31 Learn to open up in order to improve your mental health.
32 Accept this and move on.Give yourself some time to have sweaty palms or a shaky voice，since it will get better with practice.
Ask people openended questions.To begin practicing opening up，you need to engage in honest，open conversation.Try a question like，“How are things going at work？” instead of “How’s it going？” to get an open answer.Then，in turn answer openended questions with honest answers，instead of “Fine” or “OK”． 33 However，in most cases people are flattered that you are listening to them and interested in their life.
Try emulating(效仿) someone who is very open.Observe them in a social situation.Then，try to act as if you were them occasionally.Many open behaviors are learned，and not a natural part of personality. 34
Avoid being a “know it all”．Some people think advice is opening up，but it is unlikely to help you more open.When you want to give advice，listen and try to learn something new from the situation.
35 Schedule at least one long conversation per week.In the conversation you tell someone about the emotional and difficult part of your life.Get into the practice of opening up about what’s good and bad in your life.
A．In this case，practice can make perfect.
B．Call close friends and family members more often.
C．Asking people personal questions is not always proper.
D．Try connecting about hobbies，interests，vacations or books.
E．Listening patiently is a great way to overcome fear of sharing emotions in public.
F．Understand that there is usually some fear with opening up to other people.
G．However，closing yourself off from new people can stop your personal growth.
31．答案 G
解析 根据上句：不是每个人都把自己的感情当作一本可以让别人阅读的书。再根据空格下句：学会开放，以改善你的心理健康。可知此空的意思是：然而，关闭与新朋友交往可能阻止你的个人成长。open对应closing，stop对应improve，另外However表示转折。
32．答案 F
解析 根据上下文语境可知F项中的Understand that与下文的Accept this相呼应，并且下文的“手掌出汗”及“颤抖的声音”对应了F项中的some fear。故选F。
33．答案 C
解析 根据下文：然而，在多数情况下，人们很高兴你去聆听并对他们的生活感兴趣。可知上文说的是问别人私人问题并不总是合适的。故选C。
34．答案 A
解析 根据上文：试着模仿一个非常开放的人。在社交场合观察他们。然后，偶尔试着表演，就好像你就是他们。许多开放的行为都是习得的，而不是人格的自然组成部分。可知：假使这样的话，熟能生巧。故选A。
35．答案 B
解析 根据下文：每周至少安排一次长时间的谈话。可推知空处为：经常给亲密的朋友和家人打电话。故选B。
Ⅴ.完形填空
He was driving home one cold evening on a country road when he saw an old lady，stranded(陷入困境的) on the side of the road.He stopped to give her a 36 .“Why don’t you wait in the car where it is warm，madam？It won’t take me long，” he said.“ 37 ，my name is Joe.”
She had a flat tire.Joe crawled under the car and changed the tire.But he got dirty and his hands hurt.She couldn’t thank him 38 and asked him how much she 39 him.He told her that if she really wanted to 40 him back，the next time she saw someone in 41 of help，she could give that person the 42 he needed，and Joe added，“And think of me.”
She drove off with gratefulness.A few miles 43 the road the lady saw a small 44 .She went in.The waitress who was nearly eight months pregnant， 45 her with a sweet smile.The old lady 46 how someone like her who seemed so poor could be so genuinely happy and how she could 47 her enthusiasm in her work in such inconvenient conditions.Then Joe’s words 48 her.After the lady finished her meal，the waitress went to get her 49 from a hundreddollar bill. 50 ，the lady stepped right out of the door.
When the waitress came back，she noticed a note on the table， 51 “I’m helping you because someone once helped me.If you really want to pay me back，here is 52 you can do—Do not let the chain of love 53 with you.”
The waitress went home that night with the 54 tip and what the lady had written.With the baby due(预期的) next month，she and her husband needed money.She knew how 55 her husband was and as he lay sleeping next to her，she whispered，“Everything’s going to be all right.I love you，Joe.”
语篇解读 乔帮助了一位老太太，并请求老太太把这份爱心传递下去。这位老太太在一家餐馆吃完饭之后把零钱作为小费送给了一位怀孕的女服务员，而她正是乔的妻子。本文告诉我们一个道理：爱可以传递，帮助他人就是帮助自己。
36．A.surprise B．hand
C．sympathy D．glance
答案 B
解析 根据第二段第二句“Joe crawled under the car and changed the tire.”可知，他帮助了这位老太太换轮胎。surprise惊喜；hand帮忙；sympathy同情；glance一瞥。give sb.a hand帮助某人，是固定搭配，故选B项。
37．A.Just in case B．As you wish
C．For one thing D．By the way
答案 D
解析 根据“my name is Joe”可知，这里是首次见面的自我介绍。just in case以防万一；as you wish如你所愿；for one thing一方面；by the way顺便说一下。根据语境可知，乔想帮助老太太，所以自我介绍是顺便说的，故选D项。
38．A.enough B．right
C．straight D．extra
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，应该是这位老太太觉得难以报答乔善意的帮助。enough足够；right正好；straight直接；extra额外的，另外的。故选A项。
39．A.charged B．provided
C．owed D．offered
答案 C
解析 根据前文可知，乔帮助了这位老太太，所以这位老太太想通过给钱的方式来回报乔。charge收费；provide提供；owe欠钱；offer主动提供。故选C项。
40．A.pay B．bring
C．put D．hold
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，老太太想回报乔。pay sb.back回报某人；bring back拿回来，使恢复，使回忆起来；put back放回，延期；hold back抑制，阻止。故选A项。
41．A.honor B．favor
C．need D．possession
答案 C
解析 根据句中的needed可知，此处表示需要帮助。in honor of为了纪念；in favor of支持；in need of需要；in possession of拥有。故选C项。
42．A.guidance B．assistance
C．acquaintance D．consequence
答案 B
解析 根据句中的help可知，乔告诉那位老太太下次遇到需要帮助的人，给那个人提供帮助。guidance指导；assistance帮助，协助；acquaintance熟人，相知；consequence结果。故选B项。
43．A.down B．off
C．beside D．beyond
答案 A
解析 根据上句可知，老太太开车走了，故此处表示沿路几英里的地方。down可以表示“沿着”。故选A项。
44．A.bank B．grocery
C．gas station D．restaurant
答案 D
解析 根据本段倒数第二句的“After the lady finished her meal”可知，这位老太太看到的是一家餐馆。bank银行；grocery杂货店；gas station加油站；restaurant饭店。故选D项。
45．A.introduced B．greeted
C．identified D．spotted
答案 B
解析 根据空后的“with a sweet smile”和常识可知，服务员笑容可掬地欢迎这位老太太。introduce介绍，引进；greet问候；identify确认，鉴定；spot认出。故选B项。
46．A.thought B．suspected
C．wondered D．questioned
答案 C
解析 根据语境可知，那个服务员怀着孕，而且看起来很贫穷，但是她真的很幸福，对此这位老太太感到不解。think认为，思考；suspect怀疑；wonder好奇，想知道；question询问。故选C项。
47．A.taste B．measure
C．remain D．maintain
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，当老太太走进饭店的时候，怀孕的服务员微笑着问候了她，而且脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容，所以此处应该是表示“老太太想知道她在这么不方便的情况下是如何保持工作热情的”。taste尝起来；measure测量；remain仍然是；maintain维持，保持。故选D项。
48．A.struck B．moved
C．obtained D．reminded
答案 A
解析 根据后文可知，老太太给了那位服务员小费，并给服务员留了一张便条，再根据便条上的内容可知，此处表示这位老太太突然想起了乔的话。strike突然出现(在脑子里)，突然想到；move移动，感动；obtain获得；remind提醒。故选A项。
49．A.tip B．change
C．order D．service
答案 B
解析 根据空后的“from a hundreddollar bill”和“the lady stepped right out of the door”及最后一段中的tip可知，这位老太太不打算要零钱了，想把零钱当作小费给服务员，于是就直接走出门去了。tip小费；change零钱；order订单，命令；service服务。故选B项。
50．A.Moreover B．Otherwise
C．However D．Therefore
答案 C
解析 根据前后文的逻辑关系可知，怀孕的女服务员去找零钱和这位老太太直接离开之间含有转折关系。moreover此外；otherwise否则；however然而；therefore因此。故选C项。
51．A.writing B．showing
C．going D．saying
答案 D
解析 根据空前的a note和空后双引号的那些话可知，此处表示“便条上写着”。write写，是及物动词，与a note之间是被动关系，应用written；show展示；go走；say(用文字、数字、图画)表达(信息)，说明，此意时是不及物动词，且与a note之间是主动关系，故用saying。故选D项。
52．A.how B．which
C．what D．whether
答案 C
解析 分析句子成分可知，此处引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语，泛指“什么”，故选C项。
53．A.combine B．end
C．disagree D．deal
答案 B
解析 根据语境可知，老太太把乔的爱传递给了服务员，所以老太太肯定希望服务员将爱继续传递下去，即不要让爱的传递在你这里断掉。combine组合；end结束；disagree不同意；deal发(牌)。故选B项。
54．A.honest B．generous
C．modest D．graceful
答案 B
解析 根据tip一词可知，此处表示可观的小费。honest诚实的；generous大量的，慷慨大方的；modest谦虚的；graceful优雅的，优美的。故选B项。
55．A.worried B．happy
C．satisfied D．upset
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，妻子即将临盆，而他们需要钱，所以丈夫显然是担心的。worried担心的；happy幸福的；satisfied满意的；upset烦心的。故选A项。
Ⅵ.语法填空
There’s more for my hometown Qingdao than just the popular beer.In fact，the famous Liyuan architecture has a charm too.
Last month，my high school organized an activity for us 56. (see) some Liyuan architecture，and 57. the help of a map，we carried out tasks，such as taking photos and interviewing the residents.We not only appreciated 58. architecture，but also became aware of the problems Liyuan faced.In the 1930s，Liyuan was constructed and 59. (be) in use ever since.60. ，the government suggested it should be transformed into a modern style,61. led to arguments among the original residents.
Liyuan is worth protecting.It’s a 62. (value) resource that contains both Western and local culture.Besides，the protection of Liyuan will give life to tourism.To improve the living 63. (condition)，the government should invest some funds to improve the management around it and we should also contribute 64. (we) to making it what it has been.
In my point of view,65. (wander) around Liyuan offers us an opportunity to enjoy the traditional architecture of Qingdao and appreciate its history better.It is highly recommended that you pay it a visit.Slow down for one day，keep away from the city life，and see how beautiful your hometown is.
语篇解读 古老的中华民族留下了许多独特的反映中华文明的经典建筑，青岛的里院就是其中之一。我们应该致力于保护这些传统建筑，维持其原貌。
56．答案 to see
解析 考查非谓语动词。在(for sb.) to do...结构中，不定式作定语，修饰名词activity。故填to see。
57．答案 with
解析 考查介词。with the help of意为“在……的帮助下”，为固定短语。故填with。
58．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的Liyuan architecture，所以用定冠词。故填the。
59．答案 has been
解析 考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语ever since可知，本句应用现在完成时。故填has been。
60．答案 However
解析 考查副词。根据句意，“政府建议把里院变成现代风格”和上文提到的“里院建于20世纪30年代”之间为转折关系，且设空后有逗号与主句隔开。故填However。
61．答案 which
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指代整个主句的内容，应用which引导该从句。
62．答案 valuable
解析 考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词resource，在句中作定语，应用形容词形式。故填valuable。
63．答案 conditions
解析 考查名词单复数。提示词为名词，要考虑名词的单复数变化。condition指(居住)环境、条件时，常用复数。故填conditions。
64．答案 ourselves
解析 考查代词。设空处作contribute的宾语，和主语we指代一致，应用反身代词。故填ourselves。
65．答案 wandering
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故填wandering。
Ⅶ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A new study has been published that puts water quality and the skin of babies under the microscope.Dr Carsten Flohr and his team at King’s College London presented the results of their populationbased study in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
Researchers involved about 1,300 threemonthold babies from across the UK in this study.They looked specifically at the level of calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) in the water，which is a measure of water hardness.The level of chlorine(氯) in the family’s water supply was also taken into consideration，as was the use of bathing products，and how regularly the babies were bathed.The babies were then examined for the presence of childhood eczema(湿疹)．The natural barrier of their skin was also examined；babies were screened for the FLG gene which is associated with an affected skin barrier.
The study found that hard water is linked to an 87 percent increased risk of eczema for babies of three months of age.“Our study builds on growing evidence of a link between exposure to hard water and the risk of developing eczema in childhood.It’s not yet clear whether calcium carbonate has a direct bad effect on the skin barrier，or whether other environmental factors directly related to water hardness，such as the water’s pH，may be responsible，” Dr Carsten Flohr said.
And the study，thankfully，doesn’t end there.Dr.Flohr will be examining these results further，with a new study in the works.This late study is due to begin later this year and the question they will be seeking to answer is whether a device to lower water hardness in households will have any effect on the skin of babies.If a device is introduced into a household when a baby is born，will the risk of eczema developing be reduced? For those with babies or children suffering，this could be the news you have hoped for.
参考范文
New research into the link between water quality and infant skin health has made progress.To draw the conclusion，researchers examined about 1,300 3monthold infants，taking various factors such as water hardness into consideration.They found hard water made the risk of eczema for babies increase by 87%，but questions like whether calcium carbonate harms the skin barrier directly remain unclear.Dr Flohr will further examine whether a household device lowering water hardness benefits babies’ skin or protects them from eczema.
基础知识默写
1.attack vt.& n.袭击；攻击→attacker n.攻击者
2.frightening adj.吓人的→frightened adj.受惊吓的→frighten v.使惊恐；恐吓→fright n.害怕
3.exist vi.存在→existence n.存在→existing adj.现存的
4.sharp adj.锋利的；尖的；敏锐的→sharpen v.(使)变得锋利；加强；使尖锐
5.claim vt.声称
6.surface n.表面；水面
7.calm adj.平静的 v.(使)平静；(使)镇静→calmly adv.平静地
8.unlikely adj.不可能的→likely(反)adj.可能的
9.cover vt.占地(多大面积)；覆盖，足够支付，行走(一段路程)，报道 n.封皮
10.adapt vi.适应；适合；改编→adaptation n.适应；改编(本)
11.disappear vi.不见；消失→disappearance n.消失→appear(反)vi.出现→appearance n.出现；外观
12.fierce adj.凶猛的；残暴的→fiercely adv.凶猛地
13.destruction n.毁坏→destroy v.毁坏，摧毁→destructive adj.毁灭性的；破坏性的
14.generous adj.有雅量的；大方的；心地高尚的→generosity n.慷慨；大方
15.positive adj.正面的；积极的；肯定的→negative(反)adj.负面的；消极的；否定的
16.reputation n.名誉；名声
17.border n.边境；国界
18.indicate vt.象征；暗示→indication n.象征；表明→indicator n.指示器；指示信号
19.fortune n.运气；命运；财富→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
20.footprint n.脚印；足迹
21.creature n.动物；生物
22.journal n.杂志；学报；期刊→journalism n.新闻业→journalist n.新闻记者
23.identity n.身份；特性→identify vt.确认；辨别；鉴定→identification n.确认；身份证明
24.mysterious adj.神秘的→mystery n.谜
25.extinct adj.绝种的；消亡了的→extinction n.消失；灭绝
26.sceptical adj.怀疑的；不相信的
27.myth n.神话；神话故事
28.close to靠近
29.be sceptical about对……怀疑
30.be related to 与……有关
31.adapt to适应
32.die out灭绝
33.cut off切断
34.throw light on/upon 阐明某事；帮助弄清楚
35.come straight to the point谈正题；开门见山
36.go for袭击；抨击；适用于；选择；喜欢；努力争取
37.due to由于
38.He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.
他声称看见过一个黑黑的、圆圆的东西在水中快速游动。
39.There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century，although no one has seen one close up.
自上世纪初以来，一直就有关于天池怪物的报道，尽管还不曾有人近距离地目睹过。
40.They say that the lowtemperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.
他们说，温度低的湖中不可能存活如此大的生物。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.We can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist(存在) if it weren’t for casual conversation.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2.From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of the surface(表面) is covered by water.
3.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation(名声)，suggesting great food at fair prices.(2018·江苏)
4.The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive(积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
5.It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous(慷慨的) support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
6.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers(attack).(2017·全国Ⅱ)
7.Hearing a strange noise，the poor man，trembling and frightened(frighten)，ran out of the dark cave.
8.Explain your frustrations calmly(calm) and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.(2017·天津)
9.Momandpop(家庭经营的) carmakers are unlikely(like) to beat the biggest car companies.
(2018·江苏)
10.These include custommade navigation(导航) tools，night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations(adapt).(2017·全国Ⅲ)
11.The disappearance(disappear) of the wolves had many unexpected results.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
12.These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist(journal).(2018·全国Ⅰ)
13.BookCrossing provides an identification(identify) number to stick inside the book.
(2016·全国Ⅱ)
14.There was every indication(indicate) that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future.(2016·江苏)
15.Unfortunately(fortune)，just as I took out my camera，a woman approached from behind，and planted herself right in front of my view.(2017·天津)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
HUNDREDS of millions of people across the world held their breath.Each one was anxiously watching a tiny robot on their TV screen getting 1.close to the inside of Egypt’s largest pyramid(金字塔)，which 2.was cut off from the outside world.Some 3.were skeptical about whether the robot actually managed to probe(探究) inside one of the world’s greatest mysteries.Others were hoping this search would 4. throw light on it.The live broadcast of the exploration(探险)，which 5.was related to the Great Pyramid，outside Cairo(开罗)，on September 17，aroused lots of people’s interest in archaeology(考古学).
The robot “Pyramid Rover”(金字塔漫游者)，measured 12cm wide and 30cm long and had a height that can 6.adapt to the height from 11cm to 28cm.7.Due to people’s interest in it，many explorations had been done before.But scientists preferred to 8.go for a robotic one.According to a scientist，“Let me 9.come straight to the point.The creatures that witnessed the building of the pyramid 10. died out.We can never be too cautious.Let’s waiting for good news！”
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Jack pretended to have known everything about it and said nothing.(不定式的完成式)
杰克假装已经知道了关于它的所有事情，并且什么也没说。
2.Any act of kindness，however small，is of great value to the one in need.(be＋of＋名词)
任何善行，不管多小，都会对有需要的人非常有价值。
3.The exchange student who needs to communicate using pictures，is unlikely to pass the language test by himself.(be unlikely to do...)
依赖于图片进行交流的交换生不可能靠自己通过语言考试。
1.“静”系列
(1)calm adj.平静的；冷静的
(2)cool adj.冷静的
(3)quiet adj.安静的
(4)still adj.静止的
(5)silent adj.沉默的
2.“动词加ence变为名词”大聚会
(1)exist→existence存在
(2)refer→reference参考
(3)differ→difference不同
(4)prefer→preference偏好
3.“point”短语一览
(1)come straight to the point 开门见山
(2)to the point 切题的
(3)off the point 离题的
(4)miss the point没明白要点
(5)There is no point in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的。
4.“适应”全接触
(1)adapt oneself to
(2)get/be used to
(3)adjust onself to
(4)accommodate oneself to
(1)exist on靠……生活/生存
exist in存在于……中
There exists/existed...某地有……；存在……
(2)existence n.存在；生存
come into existence产生；成立；开始存在
in existence存在
(3)existing adj.(仅用于名词前)目前的，现存的
(1)It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.
(2)There exists a good way to solve the existing(exist) problem in geography.
(3)Nowadays，there are still many people wondering when the earth came into existence(产生).
易错点拨 exist只用作不及物动词，因此没有被动语态，且通常不用于进行时。
(1)claim to do...声称做……
It is claimed that...据称……
(2)make a claim声称；断言
(1)Seborga(塞波加) is a small village that declared itself independent in the 1960s，claiming(claim) it was never properly incorporated(合并) into Italy.(2018·山东聊城二模)
(2)It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.
(3)The program claims to let(let) children “Learn from Classics，Act in Practice”.
(4)[一句多译] 他声称这辆汽车是他的。
①He claimed to be the owner of the car.
②He claimed that he was the owner of the car.
③His claim was that he was the owner of the car.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中claim的汉语意思
(5)The accident claimed five lives. A
A.夺去……的生命 B.索取 C.断言
calm adj.镇静的，沉着的；风平浪静的；无风的
v.(使)平静，(使)镇静
(1)keep/stay/be calm保持镇静
(2)calm down(使)平静/镇静下来
(1)This helps your body receive a signal to relax.Then you can calm yourself(you) down and get centered.(2018·广西桂林模拟)
(2)It is important to keep/stay/be calm(保持镇静) in an emergency.
(3)Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down(冷静下来).(2017·北京)
[根据语境用calm，quiet，silent，still的正确形式填空]
(4)Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened.
(5)He spoke no English and was completely silent during the visit.
(6)Children find it difficult to sit still for very long.
(7)The airlines have invested enormous sums in quieter，more efficient engines.
[词义辨析] calm，quiet，silent，still
※calm平静的，沉着的，指无风浪或人的心情不激动。
※quiet宁静的，安静的，指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。
※silent寂静的，沉默的，指不说话或没有声音。
※still静止的，不动的，指(人体等)不运动的。
(1)adapt (...) to (使……)适应于……
adapt oneself to使自己适应……
adapt(...) from根据……改编(写)……
adapt...for把……改编(写)成……；为……改编(写)……
(2)adaptation n.改编本；适应
adaptable adj.可改编的；能适应的
(1)The reason for this bird’s adaptation to the cold temperatures of the Arctic Circle is its splendidly beautiful，white，and thick feathers.(2018·全国名校联盟联考)
(2)It was a TV adaptation(adapt) of Chinese literature classic，The Dream of the Red Chamber，which was performed by a group of children aged 6 to 12.
(3)So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change(适应气候变化).(2017·江苏)
[句式升级]
(4)The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if it was adapted for television，would be a hit.(改为省略句)
The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if adapted for television，would be a hit.
generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；宽厚的；仁慈的；丰富的
(1)be generous with在……方面大方
be generous in doing...乐于做……
It is generous of sb.to do...某人做……真慷慨。
(2)generosity n.慷慨，大方
generously adv.慷慨地
(1)That’s the reason why we should be tolerant.It’s a little like generosity(generous).
(2)It was generous of him to do so.
(3)From a young age，my parents have taught me the importance of giving generously(generous) to the less fortunate.(2018·宁夏银川一模)
(4)[同义句改写] He is generous with his help.
→He is generous in giving help.
(1)die away(声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from因……而死
die down减弱；平息
(2)be dying for很想要；渴望
be dying to do sth.渴望做某事
(1)In the 1980s，electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out.(2016·北京)
在20世纪80年代，电线和铅中毒几乎使它们濒临灭亡。
(2)Although the wind has died down，the rain remains steady，so you still need a raincoat.
虽然风小了，但是雨仍然下个不停，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。
(3)She is dying to know where you’ve been.
她极想知道你到哪儿去了。
be due to do sth.预期/预定要做某事
be due for sth.期望得到某物
(1)The meeting isn’t due to start(start) until three.
会议要到三点才开始。
(2)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.
(2018·江苏)
雷诺·韦恩和她的丈夫莫斯因为他们的错误投资而无家可归。
(3)The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.
他应得的工资明天付给他。
He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.他声称看见过一个黑黑的、圆圆的东西在水中快速游动。
(1)句中的to have seen是动词不定式的完成式，表示动作发生在句子谓语动作claim之前。
(2)动词不定式的三种形式：
一般式
to do；to be done
表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同一时间发生或发生在谓语动作之后
进行式
to be doing
表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同一时间发生，并且动作正在进行
完成式
to have done；to have been done
表示不定式的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
(1)The police seem to have found(find) the new evidence of his crime.
警方似乎已经找到了他犯罪的新证据。
(2)The boy pretended to be concentrating(concentrate) on his lesson，but in fact his mind was wandering.
男孩假装正在专注于功课，但事实上他在走神。
[写作提升] 我非常抱歉，给你带来这么多不便。
(3)I’m terribly sorry to have caused so much inconvenience to you.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，you’ll have no trouble answering(answer) these questions.(2018·天津)
2．If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick(stick) to healthy food choices throughout the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3．True creativity is the ability to take something existing(exist) and create something new from it.
4．Today，the scars(创痕) of destruction(destroy) are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air.
(2016·北京)
5．We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate(fortune) enough to have success，you should put something back.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
6．When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn’t sit quietly.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
7．I was skeptical about what he had said because he daren’t look me in the eye.
8．At least 3,0000 athletes are competing fiercely(fierce) in the game.
9．The university，covering(cover) an area of 100 square kilometers，is surrounded with trees and flowers.
10．Since you have known the reason why I come here，I will come straight to the point.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于未解之谜)
1．百慕大三角(Bermuda Triangle)是世界上最变化莫测的地方之一，有许多关于百慕大三角的神秘事件。
2．1981年，载有六个人的一艘船经过百慕大三角时突然消失了，这使得水手们很害怕。(when＋v.ing；which引导的非限制性定语从句)
3．每个人都怀疑他们是否有幸活着。(whether 从句)
4．令人吃惊的是，八年后，这艘船在同一个地方再次出现，船上的六个人依然活着。(with的复合结构)
5．他们声称他们不可能会失踪，因为对他们而言，八年只是很短的一段时间。(be unlikely to do；to have done)
6．直到现在没有任何证据能够阐明这个谜。(so far)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．There have existed many mysteries in Bermuda Triangle,12.one of the most unpredictable places in the world.In 1981，a boat with six people 13.disappeared suddenly when passing the Bermuda Triangle,14.which made sailors frightened.Everyone 15.was skeptical whether they were fortunate to be alive.Surprisingly，16.the boat appeared a second time eight years later 17.in the same spot，18.with all the six people still alive on board.19.They claimed that they were unlikely to have been lost，because to them，eight years was just a short time period.20.No evidence has thrown light on the mystery so far.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：周围的环境 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·台州中学统练)
I have many wonderful memories of my days as a circus clown(小丑)，but there is one day that I would rather forget：July 6,1944.We were playing a twoday stand in Hartford，Connecticut，and the big top caught fire.
I could hear grandstand chairs slamming inside the tent as people headed toward the exits.Some were jumping twelve feet from the top rows of the grandstand and seats to the ground outside.Most of the crowd was pouring through the regular exits and it soon became a panic.
In the midst of this scene the musicians had kept on playing until the tent was on fire overhead because they knew music sometimes might work wonder；they had jumped off the bandstand just before a flaming quarterpole fell into their stand.
City fire equipment had arrived by now and was pouring streams of water onto the big top area to cool it enough for firemen to enter.In the smoke and confusion，it was impossible to tell whether or not anyone might have been left in the tent.We circus people were ordered away from the smoking ruins that，only a few minutes ago，had been the biggest spread of canvas in the world.
I went outside；doctors，and firstaid workers were everywhere，carrying bodies from where the grandstands and seats had been.The toll(伤亡人数) of dead and dying increased so fast that emergency crews were called in from surrounding cities.
Later it was found that 168 people had died in the fire—the worst circus disaster in history，and an afternoon of horror I can never forget.
21．The musicians kept playing during the fire probably because they .
A．thought the fire was in another tent
B．knew nothing about the terrible fire
C．wanted to keep the crowd from panicking
D．believed the show should go on whatever happened
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the midst of this scene the musicians had kept on playing until the tent was on fire overhead because they knew music sometimes might work wonder...”可知，乐师在火灾期间一直弹奏音乐是因为他们知道音乐有时候对恐慌的人群有帮助，故选C。
22．Why were emergency crews from other cities called in?
A．There were too many victims to deal with.
B．Fire equipment in the city was not enough.
C．Too many people were left in the tent waiting.
D．The circus people were unwilling to do the rescue work.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，伤亡人数迅速增加，急需救治，所以需要从其他城市召集急救队，故选A。
23．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．A Journey to Death
B．The Day the Big Top Burned
C．Memories as a Circus Clown
D．The Worst Disaster in Human History
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。本文主要是对马戏团帐篷顶部发生火灾的情况的描述，故选B。
话题：环境 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·吉林实验中学模拟)
About 5,000 children die each day due to preventable diseases such as cholera and dysentery(痢疾)，which spread when people use unclean water for drinking or cooking.A lack of water for personal health leads to the spread of totally preventable diseases like trachoma，which has blinded some six million people.
Water troubles also trap many lowincome families in a cycle of poverty and poor education and the poorest suffer most from lack of access to water.People who spend much of their time on ill health，caring for sick children，or collecting water at distances averaging 3.75 miles a day don’t have educational and economic opportunities to better their lives.
Agriculture is called the lion’s share of freshwater worldwide，using some 70 percent，and industrial uses consume another 22 percent.Water areas have no political borders and nations don’t always work together to share common resources，so water can be a frequent source of international conflict as well.
Daybyday demand keeps growing，further needing water sources，from great rivers to groundwater.“We’re going deeper into debt on our groundwater use，” Postel said，“and that has very significant impacts on global water security.The rate of groundwater consumption has doubled since 1960.”
Some of Earth’s groundwater is fossil water created when Earth’s climate was far different.Today such water is as limited as petrol.“But we’re pumping much of them out faster than ever，” Postel explained.“Humanity’s growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems.And that also creates a cost to us，to our sons and to our grandsons，not just to nature.”
24．What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A．Water shortage has been a most serious challenge.
B．So many children die of polluted water every day.
C．Diseases should be properly controlled and treated.
D．Wasting water leads to the unrest of the world.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。本文作者通过水资源缺乏导致可预防疾病的扩散，使低收入家庭陷入贫穷、无法受教育等恶性循环，引起国际争端，及过度使用地下水破坏生态系统等内容阐述了水资源短缺是一个非常严峻的挑战。故选A。
25．Why is agriculture called the lion’s share of freshwater?
A．Because agriculture is much stronger than industry.
B．Because more people live on the agricultural produce.
C．Because agriculture uses about twothirds of freshwater.
D．Because nations don’t always work together to save water.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由题干信息可定位在第三段，由该段第一句可知，农业用水约占70%，工业用水占22%。农业使用了大约2/3的淡水，因此被称为“the lion’s share”。故选C。
26．According to what Postel said we can know .
A．groundwater is rich for us to use
B．there is no need to dig deep for groundwater
C．we are consuming our next generations’ water
D．we should use river water instead of groundwater
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。答案可定位在最后一段最后一句“这也给我们、我们的子孙后代，而不仅仅是大自然，带来了损失。”由此可知，我们正在消耗我们子孙后代的水。故选C。
27．What can we infer from the passage?
A．We shouldn’t use water from rivers.
B．We should protect our ecosystems.
C．Water should be distributed equally.
D．Laws should be passed for groundwater.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。答案可定位在最后一段倒数第二句，人类日益增长的渴求也给水和我们的生态系统带来了一个重大问题。由此推知，我们应该保护我们的生态系统，故选B。
话题：社会 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·浙江“五校联考”第一次考试)
Japan has made a lot of noise in recent years about removing the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work.So it was shocking when，on August 7th，Tokyo Medical University (TMU)，a distinguished medical school，admitted marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%.
Their defence was that women are more likely to drop out to marry and have children.To judge female applicants to medical school purely on their academic performance would leave Japan with a shortage of doctors，they said.The admission has caused outrage.
“Doctoring has long been a male field.But it is not the only one.Discrimination is common in banks and trading firms，where stamina(耐力) and loyalty，qualities somehow associated with men，are prized，” says Mari Miura，a political scientist at Sophia University.All this embarrasses a government that has promised to make women “shine”．The policy seems based on the need for more workers rather than on genuine concern for women.
Shinzo Abe，the prime minister，says he wants to bring millions more women into the workforce to make up for a labour shortfall caused by its ageing and declining population.In the field of politics，the record under Mr Abe’s premiership(首相任期) is disappointing.Just two members of his 20strong cabinet are women，including Seiko Noda，in charge of women’s rights.Ms Noda，who makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr Abe in a leadership contest next month，has just published a book called Grab the Future，her public declaration for pulling Japan into line with “global standards”．She has almost no chance of winning.
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。主要叙述了最近的日本尤其是东京医科大学对女性的性别歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境。
28．According to the passage，what has aroused the public’s shock and rage in Japan?
A．Women being more likely to drop out of school to marry and have children.
B．TMU judging female applicants to medical school merely on their test score.
C．TMU putting a lower grade on female applicants to keep a low percentage of women in each class.
D．Japan tending to abandon the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知在 8 月 7 日，当声望卓著的医学院——东京医科大学承认压低了女性申请者的考试分数，以将每个班级中女生的比例维持在 30%以下时，社会一片哗然。由此可知，答案选C项。
29．What do we know about Seiko Noda?
A．She is quite likely to win the leadership contest.
B．She never fails to show her ambition in public.
C．She is the only female member in Abe’s cabinet.
D．Her newly released book Grab the Future is a bit hit.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，野田毫不掩饰她在下个月的竞选中击败安倍的野心。她刚刚还出版了一本名为《抓住未来》的书，根据她的言行可知，她在公众场合表达自己的雄心，故选B项。
30．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Doctoring has long been a male field in Japan.
B．Professions like banking and trading are tailored to men.
C．Shinzo Abe performed poorly in dealing with labour shortfall.
D．Discrimination against women in careers in Japan is a big concern.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述了最近日本尤其是东京医科大学对女性的性别歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境，在事业上对女性的歧视成为日本很大的问题。故选D项。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·广东湛江调研)
Not everyone deals with their feelings as an open book for others to read. 31 Learn to open up in order to improve your mental health.
32 Accept this and move on.Give yourself some time to have sweaty palms or a shaky voice，since it will get better with practice.
Ask people openended questions.To begin practicing opening up，you need to engage in honest，open conversation.Try a question like，“How are things going at work？” instead of “How’s it going？” to get an open answer.Then，in turn answer openended questions with honest answers，instead of “Fine” or “OK”． 33 However，in most cases people are flattered that you are listening to them and interested in their life.
Try emulating(效仿) someone who is very open.Observe them in a social situation.Then，try to act as if you were them occasionally.Many open behaviors are learned，and not a natural part of personality. 34
Avoid being a “know it all”．Some people think advice is opening up，but it is unlikely to help you more open.When you want to give advice，listen and try to learn something new from the situation.
35 Schedule at least one long conversation per week.In the conversation you tell someone about the emotional and difficult part of your life.Get into the practice of opening up about what’s good and bad in your life.
A．In this case，practice can make perfect.
B．Call close friends and family members more often.
C．Asking people personal questions is not always proper.
D．Try connecting about hobbies，interests，vacations or books.
E．Listening patiently is a great way to overcome fear of sharing emotions in public.
F．Understand that there is usually some fear with opening up to other people.
G．However，closing yourself off from new people can stop your personal growth.
31．答案 G
解析 根据上句：不是每个人都把自己的感情当作一本可以让别人阅读的书。再根据空格下句：学会开放，以改善你的心理健康。可知此空的意思是：然而，关闭与新朋友交往可能阻止你的个人成长。open对应closing，stop对应improve，另外However表示转折。
32．答案 F
解析 根据上下文语境可知F项中的Understand that与下文的Accept this相呼应，并且下文的“手掌出汗”及“颤抖的声音”对应了F项中的some fear。故选F。
33．答案 C
解析 根据下文：然而，在多数情况下，人们很高兴你去聆听并对他们的生活感兴趣。可知上文说的是问别人私人问题并不总是合适的。故选C。
34．答案 A
解析 根据上文：试着模仿一个非常开放的人。在社交场合观察他们。然后，偶尔试着表演，就好像你就是他们。许多开放的行为都是习得的，而不是人格的自然组成部分。可知：假使这样的话，熟能生巧。故选A。
35．答案 B
解析 根据下文：每周至少安排一次长时间的谈话。可推知空处为：经常给亲密的朋友和家人打电话。故选B。
Ⅴ.完形填空
He was driving home one cold evening on a country road when he saw an old lady，stranded(陷入困境的) on the side of the road.He stopped to give her a 36 .“Why don’t you wait in the car where it is warm，madam？It won’t take me long，” he said.“ 37 ，my name is Joe.”
She had a flat tire.Joe crawled under the car and changed the tire.But he got dirty and his hands hurt.She couldn’t thank him 38 and asked him how much she 39 him.He told her that if she really wanted to 40 him back，the next time she saw someone in 41 of help，she could give that person the 42 he needed，and Joe added，“And think of me.”
She drove off with gratefulness.A few miles 43 the road the lady saw a small 44 .She went in.The waitress who was nearly eight months pregnant， 45 her with a sweet smile.The old lady 46 how someone like her who seemed so poor could be so genuinely happy and how she could 47 her enthusiasm in her work in such inconvenient conditions.Then Joe’s words 48 her.After the lady finished her meal，the waitress went to get her 49 from a hundreddollar bill. 50 ，the lady stepped right out of the door.
When the waitress came back，she noticed a note on the table， 51 “I’m helping you because someone once helped me.If you really want to pay me back，here is 52 you can do—Do not let the chain of love 53 with you.”
The waitress went home that night with the 54 tip and what the lady had written.With the baby due(预期的) next month，she and her husband needed money.She knew how 55 her husband was and as he lay sleeping next to her，she whispered，“Everything’s going to be all right.I love you，Joe.”
语篇解读 乔帮助了一位老太太，并请求老太太把这份爱心传递下去。这位老太太在一家餐馆吃完饭之后把零钱作为小费送给了一位怀孕的女服务员，而她正是乔的妻子。本文告诉我们一个道理：爱可以传递，帮助他人就是帮助自己。
36．A.surprise B．hand
C．sympathy D．glance
答案 B
解析 根据第二段第二句“Joe crawled under the car and changed the tire.”可知，他帮助了这位老太太换轮胎。surprise惊喜；hand帮忙；sympathy同情；glance一瞥。give sb.a hand帮助某人，是固定搭配，故选B项。
37．A.Just in case B．As you wish
C．For one thing D．By the way
答案 D
解析 根据“my name is Joe”可知，这里是首次见面的自我介绍。just in case以防万一；as you wish如你所愿；for one thing一方面；by the way顺便说一下。根据语境可知，乔想帮助老太太，所以自我介绍是顺便说的，故选D项。
38．A.enough B．right
C．straight D．extra
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，应该是这位老太太觉得难以报答乔善意的帮助。enough足够；right正好；straight直接；extra额外的，另外的。故选A项。
39．A.charged B．provided
C．owed D．offered
答案 C
解析 根据前文可知，乔帮助了这位老太太，所以这位老太太想通过给钱的方式来回报乔。charge收费；provide提供；owe欠钱；offer主动提供。故选C项。
40．A.pay B．bring
C．put D．hold
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，老太太想回报乔。pay sb.back回报某人；bring back拿回来，使恢复，使回忆起来；put back放回，延期；hold back抑制，阻止。故选A项。
41．A.honor B．favor
C．need D．possession
答案 C
解析 根据句中的needed可知，此处表示需要帮助。in honor of为了纪念；in favor of支持；in need of需要；in possession of拥有。故选C项。
42．A.guidance B．assistance
C．acquaintance D．consequence
答案 B
解析 根据句中的help可知，乔告诉那位老太太下次遇到需要帮助的人，给那个人提供帮助。guidance指导；assistance帮助，协助；acquaintance熟人，相知；consequence结果。故选B项。
43．A.down B．off
C．beside D．beyond
答案 A
解析 根据上句可知，老太太开车走了，故此处表示沿路几英里的地方。down可以表示“沿着”。故选A项。
44．A.bank B．grocery
C．gas station D．restaurant
答案 D
解析 根据本段倒数第二句的“After the lady finished her meal”可知，这位老太太看到的是一家餐馆。bank银行；grocery杂货店；gas station加油站；restaurant饭店。故选D项。
45．A.introduced B．greeted
C．identified D．spotted
答案 B
解析 根据空后的“with a sweet smile”和常识可知，服务员笑容可掬地欢迎这位老太太。introduce介绍，引进；greet问候；identify确认，鉴定；spot认出。故选B项。
46．A.thought B．suspected
C．wondered D．questioned
答案 C
解析 根据语境可知，那个服务员怀着孕，而且看起来很贫穷，但是她真的很幸福，对此这位老太太感到不解。think认为，思考；suspect怀疑；wonder好奇，想知道；question询问。故选C项。
47．A.taste B．measure
C．remain D．maintain
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，当老太太走进饭店的时候，怀孕的服务员微笑着问候了她，而且脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容，所以此处应该是表示“老太太想知道她在这么不方便的情况下是如何保持工作热情的”。taste尝起来；measure测量；remain仍然是；maintain维持，保持。故选D项。
48．A.struck B．moved
C．obtained D．reminded
答案 A
解析 根据后文可知，老太太给了那位服务员小费，并给服务员留了一张便条，再根据便条上的内容可知，此处表示这位老太太突然想起了乔的话。strike突然出现(在脑子里)，突然想到；move移动，感动；obtain获得；remind提醒。故选A项。
49．A.tip B．change
C．order D．service
答案 B
解析 根据空后的“from a hundreddollar bill”和“the lady stepped right out of the door”及最后一段中的tip可知，这位老太太不打算要零钱了，想把零钱当作小费给服务员，于是就直接走出门去了。tip小费；change零钱；order订单，命令；service服务。故选B项。
50．A.Moreover B．Otherwise
C．However D．Therefore
答案 C
解析 根据前后文的逻辑关系可知，怀孕的女服务员去找零钱和这位老太太直接离开之间含有转折关系。moreover此外；otherwise否则；however然而；therefore因此。故选C项。
51．A.writing B．showing
C．going D．saying
答案 D
解析 根据空前的a note和空后双引号的那些话可知，此处表示“便条上写着”。write写，是及物动词，与a note之间是被动关系，应用written；show展示；go走；say(用文字、数字、图画)表达(信息)，说明，此意时是不及物动词，且与a note之间是主动关系，故用saying。故选D项。
52．A.how B．which
C．what D．whether
答案 C
解析 分析句子成分可知，此处引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语，泛指“什么”，故选C项。
53．A.combine B．end
C．disagree D．deal
答案 B
解析 根据语境可知，老太太把乔的爱传递给了服务员，所以老太太肯定希望服务员将爱继续传递下去，即不要让爱的传递在你这里断掉。combine组合；end结束；disagree不同意；deal发(牌)。故选B项。
54．A.honest B．generous
C．modest D．graceful
答案 B
解析 根据tip一词可知，此处表示可观的小费。honest诚实的；generous大量的，慷慨大方的；modest谦虚的；graceful优雅的，优美的。故选B项。
55．A.worried B．happy
C．satisfied D．upset
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，妻子即将临盆，而他们需要钱，所以丈夫显然是担心的。worried担心的；happy幸福的；satisfied满意的；upset烦心的。故选A项。
Ⅵ.语法填空
There’s more for my hometown Qingdao than just the popular beer.In fact，the famous Liyuan architecture has a charm too.
Last month，my high school organized an activity for us 56. (see) some Liyuan architecture，and 57. the help of a map，we carried out tasks，such as taking photos and interviewing the residents.We not only appreciated 58. architecture，but also became aware of the problems Liyuan faced.In the 1930s，Liyuan was constructed and 59. (be) in use ever since.60. ，the government suggested it should be transformed into a modern style,61. led to arguments among the original residents.
Liyuan is worth protecting.It’s a 62. (value) resource that contains both Western and local culture.Besides，the protection of Liyuan will give life to tourism.To improve the living 63. (condition)，the government should invest some funds to improve the management around it and we should also contribute 64. (we) to making it what it has been.
In my point of view,65. (wander) around Liyuan offers us an opportunity to enjoy the traditional architecture of Qingdao and appreciate its history better.It is highly recommended that you pay it a visit.Slow down for one day，keep away from the city life，and see how beautiful your hometown is.
语篇解读 古老的中华民族留下了许多独特的反映中华文明的经典建筑，青岛的里院就是其中之一。我们应该致力于保护这些传统建筑，维持其原貌。
56．答案 to see
解析 考查非谓语动词。在(for sb.) to do...结构中，不定式作定语，修饰名词activity。故填to see。
57．答案 with
解析 考查介词。with the help of意为“在……的帮助下”，为固定短语。故填with。
58．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的Liyuan architecture，所以用定冠词。故填the。
59．答案 has been
解析 考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语ever since可知，本句应用现在完成时。故填has been。
60．答案 However
解析 考查副词。根据句意，“政府建议把里院变成现代风格”和上文提到的“里院建于20世纪30年代”之间为转折关系，且设空后有逗号与主句隔开。故填However。
61．答案 which
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指代整个主句的内容，应用which引导该从句。
62．答案 valuable
解析 考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词resource，在句中作定语，应用形容词形式。故填valuable。
63．答案 conditions
解析 考查名词单复数。提示词为名词，要考虑名词的单复数变化。condition指(居住)环境、条件时，常用复数。故填conditions。
64．答案 ourselves
解析 考查代词。设空处作contribute的宾语，和主语we指代一致，应用反身代词。故填ourselves。
65．答案 wandering
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故填wandering。
Ⅶ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A new study has been published that puts water quality and the skin of babies under the microscope.Dr Carsten Flohr and his team at King’s College London presented the results of their populationbased study in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
Researchers involved about 1,300 threemonthold babies from across the UK in this study.They looked specifically at the level of calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) in the water，which is a measure of water hardness.The level of chlorine(氯) in the family’s water supply was also taken into consideration，as was the use of bathing products，and how regularly the babies were bathed.The babies were then examined for the presence of childhood eczema(湿疹)．The natural barrier of their skin was also examined；babies were screened for the FLG gene which is associated with an affected skin barrier.
The study found that hard water is linked to an 87 percent increased risk of eczema for babies of three months of age.“Our study builds on growing evidence of a link between exposure to hard water and the risk of developing eczema in childhood.It’s not yet clear whether calcium carbonate has a direct bad effect on the skin barrier，or whether other environmental factors directly related to water hardness，such as the water’s pH，may be responsible，” Dr Carsten Flohr said.
And the study，thankfully，doesn’t end there.Dr.Flohr will be examining these results further，with a new study in the works.This late study is due to begin later this year and the question they will be seeking to answer is whether a device to lower water hardness in households will have any effect on the skin of babies.If a device is introduced into a household when a baby is born，will the risk of eczema developing be reduced? For those with babies or children suffering，this could be the news you have hoped for.
参考范文
New research into the link between water quality and infant skin health has made progress.To draw the conclusion，researchers examined about 1,300 3monthold infants，taking various factors such as water hardness into consideration.They found hard water made the risk of eczema for babies increase by 87%，but questions like whether calcium carbonate harms the skin barrier directly remain unclear.Dr Flohr will further examine whether a household device lowering water hardness benefits babies’ skin or protects them from eczema.
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