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Book1Unit5 Nelson Mandel -- a modern hero培优班讲义（含答案）
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年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇拓展
devote vt. (与to连用)献身；专心于
(教材P33)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
伟人就是将他/她一生致力于帮助别人的人。
(1)
(2)
(3)devotion n． 关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚
①(2014·高考四川卷·书面表达)Before the exam，I devoted myself to preparing for it.
考试之前，我努力做好准备。
②He has devoted most of his time and energy to_finding a cure for the disease.
他把大部分时间和精力都花在寻找这种疾病的治疗方法上了。
③(2014·高考湖南卷·单项填空)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted_to your work. 除非你全身心地投入工作中，否则你永远不会获得成功。
【活用】——根据语境用devote及相关短语的适当形式填空
Li Lei is my (1)________ friend. Since graduation，he (2)________________________ improving the education of the local people. In addition to teaching，he has (3)________ a lot of time (4)________ raising money to build more schools. His (5)________ to his work moves the people deeply.
答案：(1)devoted (2)has been devoted to/has devoted himself to (3)devoted (4)to (5)devotion
vote vt. & vi. 投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
(教材P34)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 当时黑人(没有选举权)，他们无权投票或选择他们的领导人。
(1)
(2)put. . . to the vote 付诸表决，裁决
①(牛津)We will listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.
我们将先听听双方的论点，然后再表决。
②There was once a time when women had no right to vote. 曾经有一段时间妇女没有选举权。
③It doesn’t matter whether you vote_for or against her.
你投了她赞成票还是反对票不重要。
equal v. 等于；抵得上
adj. 相等的；胜任的；平等的
n. 同等的人；相等物
(教材P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这可以帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。
(1)
(2)
①(2014·高考山东卷·阅读理解)She should be as free and equal as whites.
她应该和白人一样自由和平等。
②Any man will be_equal_to the task，so long as he is careful. You should give it a try.
只要他细心，任何一个人都能胜任这份工作，你应该尝试一下。
③Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be equally respected. 任何一个人，不管是政府官员还是汽车司机都应该同样受到尊敬。
escape vi. & vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开
(教材P38)It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是个无人逃走过的监狱。
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
escape one’s attention/notice
逃过某人的注意
(2)sth. escape(s) sb. 某物被某人遗忘；未被注意
(3)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口
a narrow escape 九死一生
①(2014·高考福建卷·阅读理解)The moral of the original story is that a wicked person cannot escape punishment.
本文的寓意是邪恶的人逃脱不了惩罚。
②The driver narrowly escaped being_killed(kill) in the traffic accident.
司机险些在这起交通事故中丧生。
③Last year I had a_narrow_escape，so I don’t want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
④(2014·高考湖北卷·写作)Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.
和逃跑的司机相比，我为我所做的事情感到自豪。
reward n．& v. 报答；报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏
(教材P38)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。
(1)reward sb. with sth. for sth.
为某事而用……酬谢某人
(2)
(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的
①(2014·高考湖北卷·完成句子)The police will reward whoever provides useful information to catch the robber. 任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将予以奖励。
②She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.
她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。
③As_a_reward_for passing his exams，he got a new bike from his parents.
作为对他考试及格的奖赏，他父母给他买了辆新的自行车。
④I’d like to do something in_reward for her kindness. 我想做点什么报答她的好意。
[易混辨析]award，reward
辨析
名词
动词
award
奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似
意为“授予、颁发”，常用搭配：award sb. sth. ＝award sth. to sb.
reward
报酬，奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬
多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb. for(doing) sth.
【活用】——用award，reward填空
Mo Yan (1)____________ the Nobel Prize in Literature. In his spare time，he has always been ready to help young writers. How can we (2)____________ for his kindness?
莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖。在他的业余时间，他总是乐于帮助年轻作家，我们怎样才能报答他的好意呢？
答案：(1)was awarded (2)reward
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向
(教材P35)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?
为什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？
【活用1】——写出下列句中turn to的含义
(1)However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help. 求助于
(2)Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left. 转向
(3)If you turn to page 40，you will find it. 翻到
(4)After he left university he became a teacher，but later turned to journalism. 开始从事
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn. . . into. . . 把……变成……
turn up 出现，露面；调大
turn out 证明是，结果是；外出
turn over 打翻；翻身；移交
【活用2】——用turn短语填空
(1)(2014·高考浙江卷·单项填空)How could you ________________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?
在你已经失业好几个月的时候，你怎么会拒绝这样一份绝好的工作呢？
(2)(2013·高考山东卷·阅读理解)It ________________ he was the General Manager of the company.
结果他是这家公司的总经理。
(3)He ________________ my suggestion and ________________ the business to his daughter.
他拒绝了我的建议，把生意移交给了他的女儿。
答案：(1)turn down (2)turned out (3)turned down；turned over
in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
(教材P35)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。
(1)get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦
get sb. into/out of trouble
使某人陷入或摆
脱困境
ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃
(2)take the trouble to do sth.
不怕费事或困难尽力做某事
have trouble in doing sth. /with sth.
做某事有困难
①(2014·高考重庆卷·写作)As is known to us all，if we are in_trouble，it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.
众所周知，如果我们有困难，是朋友而不是手机帮助我们摆脱困难。
②(2014·高考湖南卷·写作)The neutral water pen is widely used in the process of study but we often have_trouble_using them because of its limited ink and other inconvenience.
在学习中中性笔被广泛地使用，但是因为它有限的墨水和其他的不便，我们常常在使用过程中有许多困难。
③Please turn to the police for help when you get into trouble.
当你遇到困难时请向警察求助。
④Thanks for the trouble you have taken to help us. 谢谢你不辞劳苦地帮助我们。
set up 设立；建立
(朗文)They want to set up their own importexport business.
他们想要成立自己的进出口公司。
set about 开始做
set aside 把……放在一边；省出，留出
set down 写下，记下
set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起，激发
set out 出发，动身；摆放；陈列；开始，着手
①For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll set up my own business someday. 这些年来我一直在为别人工作，我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。
②A new school was_set_up for the peasant workers’ children.
一所为农民工孩子开办的新学校建立起来了。
③(2013·高考湖北卷·单项填空)In much of the animal world，night is the time set_aside for sleep—pure and simple.
在很多动物世界里，夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。
④Setting out early in the morning，we felt really excited and happy on the way.
一大早出发，在路上我们确实兴奋高兴。
lose heart 灰心；泄气；丧失勇气或信心
(2014·高考福建卷·写作)Looking back，I feel I wouldn’t be able to ride a bike if I had lost heart.
回想起来，我认为如果我灰心丧气，我就不会骑自行车了。
lose one’s heart to sb. 爱上某人
heart and soul 全心全意
from the bottom of sb. ’s heart
从某人的心底
put one’s heart into 一心扑在……上
①(2013·高考湖南卷·书面表达)We didn’t win the match，but we didn’t lose heart.
我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。
②I thanked her from the bottom of my heart.
我从心底里感谢她。
③As a matter of fact，nothing is too difficult if you put_your_heart_into it.
事实上，世上无难事，只怕有心人。
(教材P34)“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. ”
“近三十年来，所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，致使今天我们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。”
(1)see，find，witness等词可用物作主语，以拟人手法增添语言色彩，see可译为“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)，经历，经受”。
(2)where在此引导定语从句，相当于in which ；a stage表示一个抽象的地点。当先行词是point，case，stage，job，situation，business，scene，period等表示抽象地点的名词，而且从句缺状语时，常用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
①The year 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
1949年见证了中华人民共和国的诞生。
②Japan has_witnessed/seen many political changes in recent years.
日本近年来经历了很多政治变动。
③Now their peace talks have reached a key stage where one side must give in to the other.
现在他们的和平会谈到达一个关键阶段，双方彼此必须相互妥协。
④We’re just trying to reach a point where_both_sides_will_sit_down together and talk.
我们正努力做到能让双方坐下来对话。
(教材P34)．. . only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
(1)only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。
(2)含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never，not，not only，little，seldom，hardly，not until，neither，nor，no sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，在no sooner. . . than. . . 和hardly. . . when. . . 引导的句子中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
①(2014·高考天津卷·书面表达)Only by understanding and learning from each other can_we_spend those days together happily. 只有通过相互理解彼此学习我们才能开心地度过美好的日子。
②(2013·高考江苏卷·书面表达)Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
只有我们言行一致才能对所做的事情有所贡献。
③As far as I’m concerned，not only does our school attach great importance to our study but also pay special attention to our mental health.
就我个人而言，学校不仅要重视我们的学习而且更要重视我们的精神健康。
(教材P38)I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。
句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。引导时间状语从句的还有：
(1)
(2)each/every time 每次……的时候
next time 下次……时
any time 任何时候
last time 上次……时
by the time 到……为止
①(2014·高考北京卷·完形填空)The first time I saw Suzy Khan，I knew I had to help her.
我第一次看到苏西汗的时候，我知道我必须帮助她。
②(2014·高考山东卷·写作)The moment I came into the classroom，I saw the sentence on the blackboard.
一走进教室，我就看到了黑板上的句子。
③Give your father my regards next_time you see him.
下次你见到你父亲时，请代我问候他。
④(2013·高考山东卷·完形填空)Every_time I came into her room，she was so happy because she thought I was her daughter.
每次我走进她的房间，她都很高兴，因为她认为我是她的女儿。
[易混辨析] the first time，for the first time
the first time
用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。
for the first time
是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。
⑤He became interested in the young teacher’s lesson the_first_time he attended his class. He was so excited in class for_the_first_time.
他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时就很感兴趣。他第一次上课这么兴奋。
精练
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇应用 难度 较难
总题量：4 预估总时间:30 min
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．It is unfair that he gets very little in ____________ (酬劳) for his hard work.
2．It is wellknown that all men are ____________ (平等的) in the eyes of the law.
3．Bill Gates is a ____________ (大方的)person，who has given away millions of dollars to help many poor children.
4．He was involved in a bank robbery and was ____________ (判刑)to three years in prison.
5．Our company is more concerned with ____________(质量)than quantity.
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．Tsinghua University，________(found) in 1911，is one of the best universities in China.
7．Under our teacher’s careful ________(guide)，we finished our homework in advance.
8．People who are well ________(educate) will be respected by everyone.
9．Maggie thought it was ________(fair) that women were not allowed to receive education.
10．(2014·高考广东卷·满分作文)As the saying goes，the roses in her hand，the flavor in mine. It will bring more smiles if everyone is ________(will) to give a helping hand.
II. 短语替换或句型转换
1．Bob had a word with the saleswoman to see if she was ready to reduce the price.
→Bob had a word with the saleswoman to see if she ________________________ reduce the price.
2．Adam hasn’t found a job since the factory closed 3 years ago.
→Adam has been ________________________ since the factory closed 3 years ago.
3．I knew we were in a difficult situation when the elevator stopped.
→I knew we ________________________ when the elevator stopped.
4．In fact，blocking，pushing，and bumping are just part of a tough game.
→______________________________________，blocking，pushing，and bumping are just part of a tough game.
5．It was only when I left my parents for Italy that I realized how much I loved them.
→Only when I left my parents for Italy __________________________________ how much I loved them.
6．As soon as we arrived at the work site，we informed our boss of our arrival.
→________we arrived at the work site，we informed our boss of our arrival.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．Little John hardly got anything in ________ for his kind act，________ made him unhappy.
A．award；as B．reward；which C．prize；which D．medals；as
2．Hundreds of people were ________ from the concert because all seats were sold out.
A．turned down B．turned away C．turned over D．turned out
3．Our school appeals to the students to ________ at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to raise learning efficiency.
A．set aside B．pick out C．take up D．keep back
4．It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude ________life when you are __________ trouble.
A．to；under B．of；in C．to；in D．with；in
5．According to the new traffic regulations，the punishment of running a yellow light is________ to running a red one.
A．opposite B．equal C．particular D．open
6．Yesterday，I came across my former classmate，but his name ________ me，which made me embarrassed.
A．forgot B．missed C．escaped D．reminded
7．Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all the time he could spare ________ his oral English before going abroad.
A．improve B．to improve C．improving D．to improving
IV. 完形填空
It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife，Eleanor. We had 1 to meet at the restaurant at seven o'clock. I felt a little uneasy，but to my 2 ，I had a good excuse：A business meeting had 3 and I'd wasted no time getting to the dinner.
When I arrived at the 4 ，I apologized and told Eleanor I didn't mean to be late. She screamed，“You never mean to. ” Well，I 5 tell she was angry. “I'm sorry but it was not
6 ，” I said. Then I told her about the business meeting. 7 ，my explanation seemed to make things worse，which started to drive 8 mad as well.
Several weeks later，when I 9 the situation to my friend Ken Hardy，he smiled，“You
10 a classic mistake. You're stuck 11 your own way of thinking. You didn't 12 to be late. But that's not the point. What is 13 in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor. ” He pointed out that I focused on the intention 14 Eleanor focused on the result. Thus， 15 of us felt misunderstood and crazy.
Thinking more about Ken's words，I 16 recognised the root cause of such disagreement. It's the result of the action that really 17 . I should have started the conversation by expressing 18 my actions affected Eleanor and 19 the discussions about my intention for later，much later and even never.
Later on，after talking to Eleanor and really 20 her experience of the results of my lateness，I've managed to be on time a lot more frequently.
1. A. started B. agreed C. continued D. managed
2. A. relief B. surprise C. regret D. sorrow
3. A. broken out B. closed down C. faded away D. run over
4. A. house B. room C. restaurant D. supermarket
5. A. could B. must C. will D. might
6. A. movable B. comfortable C. acceptable D. avoidable
7. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise
8. A. her B. him C. me D. them
9. A. spread B. wrote C. translated D. described
10. A. knew B. made C. found D. took
11. A. in B. beyond C. for D. against
12. A. need B. prove C. pretend D. intend
13. A. funny B. important C. possible D. simple
14. A. while B. after C. until D. unless
15. A. all B. none C. both D. neither
16. A. usually B. merely C. hardly D. gradually
17. A. inspires B. matters C. improves D. challenges
18. A. how B. why C. when D. what
19. A. compared B. reported C. finished D. saved
20. A. showing B. satisfying C. understanding D. destroying
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
答案：reward
答案：equal
答案：generous
答案：sentenced
答案：quality
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
答案：founded
答案：guidance
答案：educated
答案：unfair
答案：willing
Ⅱ. 短语替换或句型转换
1．答案：was willing to
2．答案：out of work
3．答案：were in trouble
4．答案：As a matter of fact
5．答案：did I realize
6．答案：Immediately/Directly/Instantly
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．解析：选B。考查名词辨析和定语从句。award“奖品”；reward“回报，报酬”；prize“奖品，奖金”；medal“奖章”。此处表示对善良行为的报答或酬谢，故第一空用reward；第二空，此处为非限制性定语从句，因关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which，故选B项。
2．解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于票已全部售完，只好把上百个来听音乐会的人打发走了。turn away“拒绝……入内”，符合句意。turn down“关小；拒绝”；其宾语往往是建议、请帖等；turn over“打翻”；turn out“证明是”。
3．解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了提高学习效率，我们学校呼吁学生们每天至少留出一个小时来进行锻炼。set aside“留出，拨出(尤指金钱，时间等)”；pick out“挑选”；take up“开始从事”；keep back“隐瞒，阻止”。
4．解析：选C。考查介词短辨析。句意：当你处于困境中时，学会对生活保持乐观的态度是很重要的。名词attitude后用介词to或towards；in trouble“处于困境中”。
5．解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意：按照新的交通法规，闯黄灯与闯红灯的处罚是一样的。根据句意可知应选equal，A is equal to B表示“A与B相同(等)”。
6．解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意：我昨天偶然碰到我以前的同学，但是，我记不起来他的名字了，这让我非常尴尬。escape表示“被忘掉”，符合句意。
7．解析：选D。devote sth. to doing sth. “把……用于做某事”，为固定搭配。he could spare为定语从句，修饰all the time。
IV. 完形填空
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者本来与妻子约好一起去吃饭，却因故迟到，自己的道歉又使妻子更加生气，这一切无不让作者困惑，最后自己也生气了。还是好友的一席话让作者茅塞顿开，真正明白了自己与妻子之间产生分歧的原因。
1.B 根据空格前面的提示appointment可知，既然已经约好了去吃饭，那么应该事先就已经商定(agree to)好了见面的时间、地点等，所以应该选择B项。
2.A 结合语境可知，作者本来约好和妻子一起吃饭，但是却迟到了，这使他感到不安。根据关键词but可知，此处所选的单词应与uneasy表达的意思相反，故选relief(宽慰)。to one's relief使某人松了一口气，令某人感到欣慰。
3.D 作者找到的借口是自己参加的商务会议超时(run over)了，所以才迟到了。run over此处指“超过预定时间”，符合语境。break out意为“爆发”，虽干扰性很强，但主语不能是会议，会议都是事先按规定日程安排好的，而break out一般指突发性事件。close down停业，关闭；fade away逐渐消失。
4.C 第1空后有提示，他们约好了7点钟在饭店见面。因此此处是说当作者到达饭店(restaurant)时便开始向妻子道歉。
5.A 结合下文作者开始向妻子道歉以及本段末尾的mad as well可知，作者能够(could)看出他妻子很生气。B项must(一定，必须)不符合语境；C项will除了不符合语境外，根据时态也可排除；D项might(可能；可以)相对于A项而言，语气过弱。
6.D 由关键词but可知，虽然作者感到很抱歉，但他认为这是不可避免的(avoidable)，并为此开始向妻子解释。
7.A 空格后面说作者的解释似乎使情况变得更加糟糕，故此处应该填表示转折的词语，因此选择A项however(然而)。
8.C 空格后面的as well意为“也”。因为妻子很生气，而自己的解释使情况更糟糕，这使“我(me)”也生气了。drive sb.mad是固定搭配，意为“使某人生气”。
9.D 空格后面是the situation，这里指那次吃饭迟到作者越解释妻子越生气的那件事。因此应该是作者把这件事描述(describe)给朋友听，所以选择D项。
10.B make a mistake意为“犯错误”，是固定搭配。
11.A 此处所填词应该与stuck构成搭配，be stuck in意为“困住，陷于”。好友提醒作者说：你陷入自己的思维方式里了。
12.D 好友分析说“你并不想(intend)迟到”，言外之意是迟到不是作者故意的。intend to do sth.想要做某事，打算做某事。
13.B 与空格前面的that's not the point(那并不是关键所在)相呼应的只有B项，好友的意思是沟通过程中重要的(important)是作者的迟到如何影响了妻子。
14.A 夫妻两人注重的恰好相反。作者注重的是intention(意向)，而妻子注重的是result(结果)。空格前后两部分之间存在对比关系，所以只能选while，因为while可表示对比，意为“然而”。
15.C 根据短文可知，作者的朋友分析的是作者夫妇两个人的事情，是作者夫妇俩，因此选择C项both，表示“两人”。且根据上文中的as well以及理解上文可知，除了妻子外，作者也生气了，故此处用表示“两者”的both。
16.D 此处指作者过后反思好友对自己说过的话，因此应该用gradually(逐渐地)来表示自己的认识过程。
17.B 好友的话使作者顿悟，使作者认识到问题的关键所在。此处matter意为“要紧”。该句的意思是：真正重要的是行为所产生的结果。
18.A 这是作者通过好友的劝导所感悟到的内容，自己当初本应该直接说迟到的结果，即自己的行为如何(how)影响了妻子。
19.D 此处指的是作者应该单刀直入，直接说行为的结果，留到以后再讨论或不再讨论自己的意向。save意为“保留”。
20.C 交代自己通过与妻子交谈最后真正明白(understand)了当初自己迟到给她带来的感受后，以后自己设法更准时。
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇拓展
devote vt. (与to连用)献身；专心于
(教材P33)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
伟人就是将他/她一生致力于帮助别人的人。
(1)
(2)
(3)devotion n． 关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚
①(2014·高考四川卷·书面表达)Before the exam，I devoted myself to preparing for it.
考试之前，我努力做好准备。
②He has devoted most of his time and energy to_finding a cure for the disease.
他把大部分时间和精力都花在寻找这种疾病的治疗方法上了。
③(2014·高考湖南卷·单项填空)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted_to your work. 除非你全身心地投入工作中，否则你永远不会获得成功。
【活用】——根据语境用devote及相关短语的适当形式填空
Li Lei is my (1)________ friend. Since graduation，he (2)________________________ improving the education of the local people. In addition to teaching，he has (3)________ a lot of time (4)________ raising money to build more schools. His (5)________ to his work moves the people deeply.
答案：(1)devoted (2)has been devoted to/has devoted himself to (3)devoted (4)to (5)devotion
vote vt. & vi. 投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
(教材P34)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 当时黑人(没有选举权)，他们无权投票或选择他们的领导人。
(1)
(2)put. . . to the vote 付诸表决，裁决
①(牛津)We will listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.
我们将先听听双方的论点，然后再表决。
②There was once a time when women had no right to vote. 曾经有一段时间妇女没有选举权。
③It doesn’t matter whether you vote_for or against her.
你投了她赞成票还是反对票不重要。
equal v. 等于；抵得上
adj. 相等的；胜任的；平等的
n. 同等的人；相等物
(教材P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这可以帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。
(1)
(2)
①(2014·高考山东卷·阅读理解)She should be as free and equal as whites.
她应该和白人一样自由和平等。
②Any man will be_equal_to the task，so long as he is careful. You should give it a try.
只要他细心，任何一个人都能胜任这份工作，你应该尝试一下。
③Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be equally respected. 任何一个人，不管是政府官员还是汽车司机都应该同样受到尊敬。
escape vi. & vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开
(教材P38)It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是个无人逃走过的监狱。
(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
escape one’s attention/notice
逃过某人的注意
(2)sth. escape(s) sb. 某物被某人遗忘；未被注意
(3)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口
a narrow escape 九死一生
①(2014·高考福建卷·阅读理解)The moral of the original story is that a wicked person cannot escape punishment.
本文的寓意是邪恶的人逃脱不了惩罚。
②The driver narrowly escaped being_killed(kill) in the traffic accident.
司机险些在这起交通事故中丧生。
③Last year I had a_narrow_escape，so I don’t want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
④(2014·高考湖北卷·写作)Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.
和逃跑的司机相比，我为我所做的事情感到自豪。
reward n．& v. 报答；报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏
(教材P38)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。
(1)reward sb. with sth. for sth.
为某事而用……酬谢某人
(2)
(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的
①(2014·高考湖北卷·完成句子)The police will reward whoever provides useful information to catch the robber. 任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将予以奖励。
②She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.
她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。
③As_a_reward_for passing his exams，he got a new bike from his parents.
作为对他考试及格的奖赏，他父母给他买了辆新的自行车。
④I’d like to do something in_reward for her kindness. 我想做点什么报答她的好意。
[易混辨析]award，reward
辨析
名词
动词
award
奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似
意为“授予、颁发”，常用搭配：award sb. sth. ＝award sth. to sb.
reward
报酬，奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬
多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb. for(doing) sth.
【活用】——用award，reward填空
Mo Yan (1)____________ the Nobel Prize in Literature. In his spare time，he has always been ready to help young writers. How can we (2)____________ for his kindness?
莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖。在他的业余时间，他总是乐于帮助年轻作家，我们怎样才能报答他的好意呢？
答案：(1)was awarded (2)reward
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向
(教材P35)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?
为什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？
【活用1】——写出下列句中turn to的含义
(1)However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help. 求助于
(2)Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left. 转向
(3)If you turn to page 40，you will find it. 翻到
(4)After he left university he became a teacher，but later turned to journalism. 开始从事
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn. . . into. . . 把……变成……
turn up 出现，露面；调大
turn out 证明是，结果是；外出
turn over 打翻；翻身；移交
【活用2】——用turn短语填空
(1)(2014·高考浙江卷·单项填空)How could you ________________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?
在你已经失业好几个月的时候，你怎么会拒绝这样一份绝好的工作呢？
(2)(2013·高考山东卷·阅读理解)It ________________ he was the General Manager of the company.
结果他是这家公司的总经理。
(3)He ________________ my suggestion and ________________ the business to his daughter.
他拒绝了我的建议，把生意移交给了他的女儿。
答案：(1)turn down (2)turned out (3)turned down；turned over
in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
(教材P35)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。
(1)get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦
get sb. into/out of trouble
使某人陷入或摆
脱困境
ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃
(2)take the trouble to do sth.
不怕费事或困难尽力做某事
have trouble in doing sth. /with sth.
做某事有困难
①(2014·高考重庆卷·写作)As is known to us all，if we are in_trouble，it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.
众所周知，如果我们有困难，是朋友而不是手机帮助我们摆脱困难。
②(2014·高考湖南卷·写作)The neutral water pen is widely used in the process of study but we often have_trouble_using them because of its limited ink and other inconvenience.
在学习中中性笔被广泛地使用，但是因为它有限的墨水和其他的不便，我们常常在使用过程中有许多困难。
③Please turn to the police for help when you get into trouble.
当你遇到困难时请向警察求助。
④Thanks for the trouble you have taken to help us. 谢谢你不辞劳苦地帮助我们。
set up 设立；建立
(朗文)They want to set up their own importexport business.
他们想要成立自己的进出口公司。
set about 开始做
set aside 把……放在一边；省出，留出
set down 写下，记下
set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起，激发
set out 出发，动身；摆放；陈列；开始，着手
①For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll set up my own business someday. 这些年来我一直在为别人工作，我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。
②A new school was_set_up for the peasant workers’ children.
一所为农民工孩子开办的新学校建立起来了。
③(2013·高考湖北卷·单项填空)In much of the animal world，night is the time set_aside for sleep—pure and simple.
在很多动物世界里，夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。
④Setting out early in the morning，we felt really excited and happy on the way.
一大早出发，在路上我们确实兴奋高兴。
lose heart 灰心；泄气；丧失勇气或信心
(2014·高考福建卷·写作)Looking back，I feel I wouldn’t be able to ride a bike if I had lost heart.
回想起来，我认为如果我灰心丧气，我就不会骑自行车了。
lose one’s heart to sb. 爱上某人
heart and soul 全心全意
from the bottom of sb. ’s heart
从某人的心底
put one’s heart into 一心扑在……上
①(2013·高考湖南卷·书面表达)We didn’t win the match，but we didn’t lose heart.
我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。
②I thanked her from the bottom of my heart.
我从心底里感谢她。
③As a matter of fact，nothing is too difficult if you put_your_heart_into it.
事实上，世上无难事，只怕有心人。
(教材P34)“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. ”
“近三十年来，所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，致使今天我们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。”
(1)see，find，witness等词可用物作主语，以拟人手法增添语言色彩，see可译为“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)，经历，经受”。
(2)where在此引导定语从句，相当于in which ；a stage表示一个抽象的地点。当先行词是point，case，stage，job，situation，business，scene，period等表示抽象地点的名词，而且从句缺状语时，常用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
①The year 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
1949年见证了中华人民共和国的诞生。
②Japan has_witnessed/seen many political changes in recent years.
日本近年来经历了很多政治变动。
③Now their peace talks have reached a key stage where one side must give in to the other.
现在他们的和平会谈到达一个关键阶段，双方彼此必须相互妥协。
④We’re just trying to reach a point where_both_sides_will_sit_down together and talk.
我们正努力做到能让双方坐下来对话。
(教材P34)．. . only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
(1)only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。
(2)含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never，not，not only，little，seldom，hardly，not until，neither，nor，no sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，在no sooner. . . than. . . 和hardly. . . when. . . 引导的句子中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
①(2014·高考天津卷·书面表达)Only by understanding and learning from each other can_we_spend those days together happily. 只有通过相互理解彼此学习我们才能开心地度过美好的日子。
②(2013·高考江苏卷·书面表达)Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
只有我们言行一致才能对所做的事情有所贡献。
③As far as I’m concerned，not only does our school attach great importance to our study but also pay special attention to our mental health.
就我个人而言，学校不仅要重视我们的学习而且更要重视我们的精神健康。
(教材P38)I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。
句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。引导时间状语从句的还有：
(1)
(2)each/every time 每次……的时候
next time 下次……时
any time 任何时候
last time 上次……时
by the time 到……为止
①(2014·高考北京卷·完形填空)The first time I saw Suzy Khan，I knew I had to help her.
我第一次看到苏西汗的时候，我知道我必须帮助她。
②(2014·高考山东卷·写作)The moment I came into the classroom，I saw the sentence on the blackboard.
一走进教室，我就看到了黑板上的句子。
③Give your father my regards next_time you see him.
下次你见到你父亲时，请代我问候他。
④(2013·高考山东卷·完形填空)Every_time I came into her room，she was so happy because she thought I was her daughter.
每次我走进她的房间，她都很高兴，因为她认为我是她的女儿。
[易混辨析] the first time，for the first time
the first time
用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。
for the first time
是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。
⑤He became interested in the young teacher’s lesson the_first_time he attended his class. He was so excited in class for_the_first_time.
他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时就很感兴趣。他第一次上课这么兴奋。
精练
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇应用 难度 较难
总题量：4 预估总时间:30 min
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．It is unfair that he gets very little in ____________ (酬劳) for his hard work.
2．It is wellknown that all men are ____________ (平等的) in the eyes of the law.
3．Bill Gates is a ____________ (大方的)person，who has given away millions of dollars to help many poor children.
4．He was involved in a bank robbery and was ____________ (判刑)to three years in prison.
5．Our company is more concerned with ____________(质量)than quantity.
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．Tsinghua University，________(found) in 1911，is one of the best universities in China.
7．Under our teacher’s careful ________(guide)，we finished our homework in advance.
8．People who are well ________(educate) will be respected by everyone.
9．Maggie thought it was ________(fair) that women were not allowed to receive education.
10．(2014·高考广东卷·满分作文)As the saying goes，the roses in her hand，the flavor in mine. It will bring more smiles if everyone is ________(will) to give a helping hand.
II. 短语替换或句型转换
1．Bob had a word with the saleswoman to see if she was ready to reduce the price.
→Bob had a word with the saleswoman to see if she ________________________ reduce the price.
2．Adam hasn’t found a job since the factory closed 3 years ago.
→Adam has been ________________________ since the factory closed 3 years ago.
3．I knew we were in a difficult situation when the elevator stopped.
→I knew we ________________________ when the elevator stopped.
4．In fact，blocking，pushing，and bumping are just part of a tough game.
→______________________________________，blocking，pushing，and bumping are just part of a tough game.
5．It was only when I left my parents for Italy that I realized how much I loved them.
→Only when I left my parents for Italy __________________________________ how much I loved them.
6．As soon as we arrived at the work site，we informed our boss of our arrival.
→________we arrived at the work site，we informed our boss of our arrival.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．Little John hardly got anything in ________ for his kind act，________ made him unhappy.
A．award；as B．reward；which C．prize；which D．medals；as
2．Hundreds of people were ________ from the concert because all seats were sold out.
A．turned down B．turned away C．turned over D．turned out
3．Our school appeals to the students to ________ at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to raise learning efficiency.
A．set aside B．pick out C．take up D．keep back
4．It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude ________life when you are __________ trouble.
A．to；under B．of；in C．to；in D．with；in
5．According to the new traffic regulations，the punishment of running a yellow light is________ to running a red one.
A．opposite B．equal C．particular D．open
6．Yesterday，I came across my former classmate，but his name ________ me，which made me embarrassed.
A．forgot B．missed C．escaped D．reminded
7．Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all the time he could spare ________ his oral English before going abroad.
A．improve B．to improve C．improving D．to improving
IV. 完形填空
It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife，Eleanor. We had 1 to meet at the restaurant at seven o'clock. I felt a little uneasy，but to my 2 ，I had a good excuse：A business meeting had 3 and I'd wasted no time getting to the dinner.
When I arrived at the 4 ，I apologized and told Eleanor I didn't mean to be late. She screamed，“You never mean to. ” Well，I 5 tell she was angry. “I'm sorry but it was not
6 ，” I said. Then I told her about the business meeting. 7 ，my explanation seemed to make things worse，which started to drive 8 mad as well.
Several weeks later，when I 9 the situation to my friend Ken Hardy，he smiled，“You
10 a classic mistake. You're stuck 11 your own way of thinking. You didn't 12 to be late. But that's not the point. What is 13 in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor. ” He pointed out that I focused on the intention 14 Eleanor focused on the result. Thus， 15 of us felt misunderstood and crazy.
Thinking more about Ken's words，I 16 recognised the root cause of such disagreement. It's the result of the action that really 17 . I should have started the conversation by expressing 18 my actions affected Eleanor and 19 the discussions about my intention for later，much later and even never.
Later on，after talking to Eleanor and really 20 her experience of the results of my lateness，I've managed to be on time a lot more frequently.
1. A. started B. agreed C. continued D. managed
2. A. relief B. surprise C. regret D. sorrow
3. A. broken out B. closed down C. faded away D. run over
4. A. house B. room C. restaurant D. supermarket
5. A. could B. must C. will D. might
6. A. movable B. comfortable C. acceptable D. avoidable
7. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise
8. A. her B. him C. me D. them
9. A. spread B. wrote C. translated D. described
10. A. knew B. made C. found D. took
11. A. in B. beyond C. for D. against
12. A. need B. prove C. pretend D. intend
13. A. funny B. important C. possible D. simple
14. A. while B. after C. until D. unless
15. A. all B. none C. both D. neither
16. A. usually B. merely C. hardly D. gradually
17. A. inspires B. matters C. improves D. challenges
18. A. how B. why C. when D. what
19. A. compared B. reported C. finished D. saved
20. A. showing B. satisfying C. understanding D. destroying
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
答案：reward
答案：equal
答案：generous
答案：sentenced
答案：quality
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
答案：founded
答案：guidance
答案：educated
答案：unfair
答案：willing
Ⅱ. 短语替换或句型转换
1．答案：was willing to
2．答案：out of work
3．答案：were in trouble
4．答案：As a matter of fact
5．答案：did I realize
6．答案：Immediately/Directly/Instantly
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．解析：选B。考查名词辨析和定语从句。award“奖品”；reward“回报，报酬”；prize“奖品，奖金”；medal“奖章”。此处表示对善良行为的报答或酬谢，故第一空用reward；第二空，此处为非限制性定语从句，因关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which，故选B项。
2．解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于票已全部售完，只好把上百个来听音乐会的人打发走了。turn away“拒绝……入内”，符合句意。turn down“关小；拒绝”；其宾语往往是建议、请帖等；turn over“打翻”；turn out“证明是”。
3．解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了提高学习效率，我们学校呼吁学生们每天至少留出一个小时来进行锻炼。set aside“留出，拨出(尤指金钱，时间等)”；pick out“挑选”；take up“开始从事”；keep back“隐瞒，阻止”。
4．解析：选C。考查介词短辨析。句意：当你处于困境中时，学会对生活保持乐观的态度是很重要的。名词attitude后用介词to或towards；in trouble“处于困境中”。
5．解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意：按照新的交通法规，闯黄灯与闯红灯的处罚是一样的。根据句意可知应选equal，A is equal to B表示“A与B相同(等)”。
6．解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意：我昨天偶然碰到我以前的同学，但是，我记不起来他的名字了，这让我非常尴尬。escape表示“被忘掉”，符合句意。
7．解析：选D。devote sth. to doing sth. “把……用于做某事”，为固定搭配。he could spare为定语从句，修饰all the time。
IV. 完形填空
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者本来与妻子约好一起去吃饭，却因故迟到，自己的道歉又使妻子更加生气，这一切无不让作者困惑，最后自己也生气了。还是好友的一席话让作者茅塞顿开，真正明白了自己与妻子之间产生分歧的原因。
1.B 根据空格前面的提示appointment可知，既然已经约好了去吃饭，那么应该事先就已经商定(agree to)好了见面的时间、地点等，所以应该选择B项。
2.A 结合语境可知，作者本来约好和妻子一起吃饭，但是却迟到了，这使他感到不安。根据关键词but可知，此处所选的单词应与uneasy表达的意思相反，故选relief(宽慰)。to one's relief使某人松了一口气，令某人感到欣慰。
3.D 作者找到的借口是自己参加的商务会议超时(run over)了，所以才迟到了。run over此处指“超过预定时间”，符合语境。break out意为“爆发”，虽干扰性很强，但主语不能是会议，会议都是事先按规定日程安排好的，而break out一般指突发性事件。close down停业，关闭；fade away逐渐消失。
4.C 第1空后有提示，他们约好了7点钟在饭店见面。因此此处是说当作者到达饭店(restaurant)时便开始向妻子道歉。
5.A 结合下文作者开始向妻子道歉以及本段末尾的mad as well可知，作者能够(could)看出他妻子很生气。B项must(一定，必须)不符合语境；C项will除了不符合语境外，根据时态也可排除；D项might(可能；可以)相对于A项而言，语气过弱。
6.D 由关键词but可知，虽然作者感到很抱歉，但他认为这是不可避免的(avoidable)，并为此开始向妻子解释。
7.A 空格后面说作者的解释似乎使情况变得更加糟糕，故此处应该填表示转折的词语，因此选择A项however(然而)。
8.C 空格后面的as well意为“也”。因为妻子很生气，而自己的解释使情况更糟糕，这使“我(me)”也生气了。drive sb.mad是固定搭配，意为“使某人生气”。
9.D 空格后面是the situation，这里指那次吃饭迟到作者越解释妻子越生气的那件事。因此应该是作者把这件事描述(describe)给朋友听，所以选择D项。
10.B make a mistake意为“犯错误”，是固定搭配。
11.A 此处所填词应该与stuck构成搭配，be stuck in意为“困住，陷于”。好友提醒作者说：你陷入自己的思维方式里了。
12.D 好友分析说“你并不想(intend)迟到”，言外之意是迟到不是作者故意的。intend to do sth.想要做某事，打算做某事。
13.B 与空格前面的that's not the point(那并不是关键所在)相呼应的只有B项，好友的意思是沟通过程中重要的(important)是作者的迟到如何影响了妻子。
14.A 夫妻两人注重的恰好相反。作者注重的是intention(意向)，而妻子注重的是result(结果)。空格前后两部分之间存在对比关系，所以只能选while，因为while可表示对比，意为“然而”。
15.C 根据短文可知，作者的朋友分析的是作者夫妇两个人的事情，是作者夫妇俩，因此选择C项both，表示“两人”。且根据上文中的as well以及理解上文可知，除了妻子外，作者也生气了，故此处用表示“两者”的both。
16.D 此处指作者过后反思好友对自己说过的话，因此应该用gradually(逐渐地)来表示自己的认识过程。
17.B 好友的话使作者顿悟，使作者认识到问题的关键所在。此处matter意为“要紧”。该句的意思是：真正重要的是行为所产生的结果。
18.A 这是作者通过好友的劝导所感悟到的内容，自己当初本应该直接说迟到的结果，即自己的行为如何(how)影响了妻子。
19.D 此处指的是作者应该单刀直入，直接说行为的结果，留到以后再讨论或不再讨论自己的意向。save意为“保留”。
20.C 交代自己通过与妻子交谈最后真正明白(understand)了当初自己迟到给她带来的感受后，以后自己设法更准时。
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