人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 1 Festivals around the world优质导学案

  精讲

年级：高一年级 科目：英语类型：同步

知识点：基础词汇

Ⅰ.核心单词

1．________(vi.&vt.)(使)饿死；饿得要死

2．________(n.)诡计；恶作剧；窍门；(vt.)欺骗；诈骗

3．________(n.)奖；奖品；(vt.)授予；判定  4．________(adj.)明显的；显而易见的

5．________(n.)信任；信心；信仰→________(vt.)相信

6．________(n.)独立；自主→________(adj.)独立的；自主的

7．________(vt.)赞美；钦佩；羡慕→________(n.)钦佩；羡慕

8．________(n.)许可；允许→________(vt.)允许

9．________(vi.)道歉；辩白→________(n.)道歉

10．________(vt.)原谅；饶恕→________(n.)宽恕；原谅

——词不离句，句不离段

It is obvious that beliefs differ in different societies. It is our custom to gather together to celebrate the arrival of a festival and the admirable gains of a rich harvest. But its origin is unknown.

Ⅱ.重点短语

1．纪念；追念____________________  2．盛装；打扮；装饰_______________________

3．期望；期待；盼望______________  4．日夜；昼夜；整天_______________________

5．屏息；屏气____________________  6．出发；动身；使爆炸_____________________

7．turn up_________________________  8．remind...of...____________________________

9．play a trick on___________________  10．as though/if____________________________

Ⅲ.经典句式

1．“be＋形容词＋to do...”

At that time people would starve if food__________________(难以找到)，especially during the cold winter  months.

2．“with＋宾语＋介词短语”结构

On this important feast day，people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes________________(上面有“骨头”)．

3．it作形式主语的主语从句

________________(很明显)that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...

4．while引导的时间状语从句

________________(她在人间时)she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.

 [词 汇 精 解]

1 award n．奖，奖品；vt.授予；判定

(1)award sth  to sb＝award sb sth 把某物颁发给某人

(2)win the second award获得二等奖 win/receive/get an award for因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项

①(2013·重庆·阅读理解B)Zaragoza has won many awards for his work in politics.

Zaragoza因他的政治工作获得很多奖品。

②It is said that she________of 1,000 dollars. 据说她得到1 000美元的奖金。

③The Olympic winner ____________________. 奥林匹克获胜者获得了一枚金牌作为奖励。

2 admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕

(教材原句)China and Japan have mid­autumn festivals，when people admire the moon and in China，enjoy moon-cakes.中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。

admire sb for sth因某事而羡慕/钦佩某人  in admiration of对……表示钦佩

with/in admiration钦佩地     have/express admiration for sb(表示)钦佩某人

①We admire the old scientist for his great contribution to the country.

我们佩服这位老科学家对国家作出的巨大贡献。

②________________the way she ________________all on her own.

我确实很佩服她全靠一个人把这些孩子抚养大。

③Lewis ________________his work on medieval literature. 刘易斯因其对中世纪文学的研究而受人仰慕。

3 apologize vi.道歉

(教材原句)Well，he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.噢，他不想屏息等着她来道歉。

(1)apologize to sb for(doing)sth因(做)某事向某人道歉  apologize to sb that...向某人道歉……

(2)apology n．道歉

make an apology to sb for sth因某事向某人道歉accept/refuse one's apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉

①I apologize for not being able to join you for dinner. 很抱歉，我没能参加你们的宴会。

②You must ______________________ being so rude.

＝You must make an apology to your teacher for being so rude.你太无礼了，必须向你的老师道歉。

③He __________________ the team's performance. 他就队伍的表现公开道歉。

4 forgive(forgave，forgiven) vt.& vi.宽恕；饶恕；原谅

(1)forgive me请原谅；对不起

forgive  one's doing sth原谅某人做了某事 forgive sb for(doing)sth原谅某人(做了)某事

(2)原谅某人做某事

①To forgive is a virtue，but no one has ever said it is easy. 宽恕是一种品德，但是没有人曾说宽恕是容易的。

②________________，but I really don't agree with that. 请原谅我打岔，不过我确实不同意那一点。

③I'll never ______what you have done to your parents. 我永远也不会原谅你对父母所做的一切。

5 take place 发生；举行

(教材原句)Discuss when they take place...讨论一下这些节日都在什么时候举行(庆祝活动)……

take one's place 代替；就位   take the place of 代替

in place 在原处     in place of 代替，取代

词语辨析　take place，happen，occur，come about

【点津】

这五个短语都是不及物动词短语，都无被动语态，也一般不用进行时态。

【一句辨异】

Since the 2012 Olympic Games took place in London，great changes have taken place there. For example，fewer and fewer traffic accidents occurred/happened；and nearly no quarrels broke out.You may wonder how these differences came about.

We all hope the war on Syria does not ______ after all.我们都希望对叙利亚的战争终究不会发生。

6 look forward to期望；期待；盼望

(教材原句)The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.最富有生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的节日。

动词＋介词to构成的常用短语：

turn to求助于，转向，翻到； pay attention to注意    stick to坚持；

get down to开始认真干   belong to属于；     refer to谈到，涉及，参阅

lead to通向，导致    devote...to...献身于，专心于   thanks to多亏，由于

【点津】

look forward to中的to为介词，故后接动词时应使用动名词形式。

①I will be at 10 Baker Street at six sharp，and look forward to seeing you.

我将于晚六点准时到达贝克大街10号，到时再会。

②We look forward to the coming of spring. 我们期待着春天的到来。

③The holiday we have been______________at last. 我们盼望已久的假日最后终于来了。

7 turn up出现；到场；开大；调高；发现

(教材原句)But she didn't turn up.可她却不见人影。

turn on 打开；       turn off 关掉    turn in 上交；欺骗  

turn out 结果是；生产，制造；赶走   turn down 关小；拒绝  turn to 转向，求助于

观察句子，写出黑体部分的含义

①Richard turned up on Christmas Eve with Tony.

②I can't hear the music.Please turn up the radio.

③I'm sure your watch will turn up one of these days.

④He turned up his coat collar against the chill wind.

[句 式 诠 释]

1 It＋is/was＋adj.that从句

(教材原句)It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开……

(1)句子中的it作形式主语，其后的that从句才是真正的主语。it作形式主语，没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾，使句子显得匀称。

(2)it作形式主语的常用句式：

①It be＋形容词(possible，strange，natural，important...)＋that从句

②It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句   

③It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen...)＋that从句

④It be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder，an honor，no wonder...)＋that从句    ①__________________nobody knows where he has gone.很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪儿。

②__________________one of them keeps a kind of bank where the workers could keep their money safe.

  很可能他们中有一个人掌管着一种“银行”，工人们可以把钱安全地存放在那儿。

③He never worked hard.__________________he didn't pass the examination.

  他从不刻苦学习，难怪他没有通过考试。

2 while引导的状语从句

(教材原句)While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.

她在人间遇到了牛郞，两人相爱了。

句中while she was on earth作时间状语

while作连词时的主要用法：

(1)“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句

①You can't be too careful while crossing the road. 过马路时你越小心越好。

(2)“只要”，表示条件

②While there is life，there is hope. 只要有生命就有希望。

(3)“但是；可是”，表示对比

③We know usually women stay at home and do all the housework while men go out to work.

  我们知道，通常妇女在家里做家务，而男人则外出工作。

(4)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折

④____________________，I don't   think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.

尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多时间和金钱。

【参考答案】

Ⅰ.核心单词

1. starve　2.trick　3.award　4.obvious　5.belief；believe　6.independence；independent　7.admire；admiration　8.permission；permit　9.apologize；apology　10.forgive；forgiveness

Ⅱ.重点短语

1. in memory of　2.dress up　3.look forward to  4．day and night　5.hold one's breath　

6.set off　7.出现；到场　8.使……想起……　9.搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑　10.好像

Ⅲ.经典句式

1.was difficult to find    2．with “bones”on them

3．It was obvious    4．While she was on earth

 [词 汇 精 解]

1　②received an award　③received a gold medal as an award

2　②I really admire；brings up those kids  ③was admired for

3　②apologize to your teacher for　③made a public apology for

4　②Forgive me for interrupting　③forgive you for  5　take place

6　③looking forward to  came  7　①露面　②开大音量　③被找到　④朝上翻

[句 式 诠 释]

1　①It is strange that　②It is possible that　③It is no wonder that

2　④While travel can broaden your mind

精练

年级：高一年级   科目：英语类型：同步

知识点：词汇应用    难度 基础

总题量：3               预估总时间:30min

I.单项填空

1．(2014·温州市质量检测)Martin Luther King Jr.was________ the Nobel Peace Prize of 1964 for advocating  nonviolence policy in the movement for civil rights.

A．awarded    B．offered  C．rewarded    D．received

2．(2014·云南省部分名校二次统考)One valuable tip for graduates is that first impressions during a job interview  really________．

A．apply     B．function   C．award     D．count

3．—What was she doing when you came in?

   —She was________ the view from the window.

A．respecting    B．admiring  C．gathering    D．hunting

4．(2014·金华名校中学月考)He finds it hard to________ an apology to others even if he knows he is wrong.

A．show     B．have     C．make     D．take

5．I don't think she's ever________ me for getting her name wrong that time.

A．excused    B．forgiven  C．forgotten    D．satisfied

6．(江苏卷)—You look upset.What's the matter?

—I had my proposal________again.

A．turned over   B．turned on  C．turned off    D．turned down

7．(四川卷)I often ________the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet.

A．look up    B．look at   C．look for    D．look into

8．(浙江卷)It is uncertain________side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.

A．that     B．what     C．how     D．whether

9. (2013·新课标卷Ⅰ，32)There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important  discovery________another man，also intelligent，fails.

A．since     B．if      C．as     D．while

10．Have you prepared for the sports meeting which________soon?

A．has taken place  B．will be taken place C．is to take place  D．is to be taken place

II.完成句子

1．I must__________________to meet you.

我必须因为没能见你而向你道歉。

2．Last Sunday a few of us arranged to meet in the town，but Jenny__________________．

上周日我们几个约好在镇上见面，但是Jenny却没有露面。

3．__________________if you promised to take the children to the cinema.

如果你答应要带孩子们去看电影，就一定要遵守诺言。

4．__________________he was fooled from the beginning.

很显然他一开始就被愚弄了。

5．__________________we're not necessarily doing much to keep them in good shape.

虽然我们总是在用脑，但是我们没有必要做太多让其保持良好的状态。

III．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　Hello Kitty，one of the most famous imaginary 1　　　　(character) in the world，greets us everywhere. Since she was born，she 2　　　　(gain) impressive popularity—she is

3　　　　 international fashion queen.

2014 was the character's 40th birthday. Fans from around the world gathered 4　　　　

(cheerful) to celebrate their love of Hello Kitty.

Hello Kitty was 5　　　　(design) as a character to attract pre-teenage girls. The designers could not 6　　　　(dream) that she would become such a 7　　　　(globe) star as she is today.

　　Helen McCarthy，an author and expert on Japanese cartoons，explained 8　　　　 the character is so popular.“Because Hello Kitty is all about happiness and friendship and fun. Women and girls all over the world are happy 9　　　　(buy) into the image of the trusting，loving childhood represented by Hello Kitty.”

　　And the imaginary character does not only appeal 10　　　　 females. There are also Hello Kitty products for boys and men，such as neckties and golf bags.

【参考答案】

Ⅰ.单项填空

1　A　[句意：马丁·路德·金因为在民权运动中主张采取非暴力政策而被授予1964年诺贝尔和平奖。reward指“给予报酬”或“奖赏”；award指因成绩或贡献由政府或社团给予奖励。]

2　D　[句意：对于毕业生来说一个有价值的建议就是在面试中重视第一印象。count“有价值；重要”；apply“申请；应用”；function“起作用；功能”；award“授予；奖励”。根据句意答案选D。]

3　B　[答句句意：她正透过窗户欣赏风景。admire“欣赏；羡慕”，符合句意。]

4　C　[句意：他觉得即使知道自己错了，也很难给人道歉。make an apology to sb“向某人道歉”。]

5　B　[句意：我想她还未原谅我那次把她的名字搞错。forgive sb for doing sth“原谅某人做某事”。]

6　D　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你看起来很沮丧，出什么事了？——我的提议又被拒绝了。turn down拒绝，符合句意。turn over翻身；turn on打开；turn off关掉，均与句意不符。]

7　A　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：我经常在词典里或者网上查我不认识的单词。look up查阅，查询。look at看；look for寻找；look into调查。]

8　B　[考查名词性从句。此处是由what引导的主语从句，指代it的具体内容，it是形式主语，所以这里选B项。]

9　D　[考查状语从句引导词的辨析。句意为：我们无从知晓为何一个人会有重大发现而另一个似乎同样聪慧的人却做不到。while意为“然而”，表示转折，与前一事物形成对比。]

10　C　[根据句意“就要举行的……”，A项时态错误，B项与D项使用被动语态不对。故选C项。]

Ⅱ.完成句子

1.apologize/make an apology for not being able

2．didn't turn up    3．You must keep your word

4．It is obvious that   5．Although/Though/While we're always using our brains

III [语篇解读]本文介绍Hello Kitty 被设计的初衷以及她受欢迎的原因。

1.characters　“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”，故填characters。

2.has gained　由时间状语从句since she was born可知，主句要用现在完成时态，故填has gained。

3.an　可数名词单数queen第一次出现，要用不定冠词修饰;queen前又有international修饰，故要填不定冠词an。

4.cheerfully　修饰动词gathered要用副词。

5.designed　主语Hello Kitty与design之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态，填designed。

6.have dreamed　由语境可知，此处表示“设计者不会想到……”，could not have done表示“过去不可能做过”。

7.global　修饰star要用形容词。globe的形容词形式为global。

8.why　句意：……解释这个人物如此受欢迎的原因。由后面的because也可以推出答案。

9.to buy　分析句子结构可知，此处是be+adj.+to do sth.结构，动词不定式作原因状语。

10.to　appeal to吸引，为固定短语。