英语必修5&选修6Unit 3 Life in the future优秀学案

Unit3（拔高）

精讲

年级：高一年级       科目：英语      类型：同步

必修五Unit 3

[词 汇 精 解]

1 lack n．&vt.缺乏

(教材原句)Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached. 由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。

(1)a lack of... 缺少……  for lack of... 因缺少……  have no lack of... 不缺乏

(2)lack(for)sth 缺少某物

(3)lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的  be lacking in 缺少

①When there is a lack of food，there is hunger. 食物短缺时，就会有饥饿。

②As I look back on that day now，it surely______________________.

  当我现在回顾那一天时，感到此事确实缺乏现实感。

③____________________，his parents managed to send him to a university.

  尽管缺钱，他的父母设法送他上大学。

④She seems to ________________ common sense.After all，she is a girl of 12.

  她似乎缺乏常识，毕竟她是一个12岁的孩子。

2 tolerate vt.容忍；忍受

(1)tolerate(sb) doing sth 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事  stand(sb) doing sth 忍受/容忍(某人)做某事

bear sb doing/to do sth 忍受/容忍某人做某事   put up with 忍受；容忍

(2)tolerance n．宽容；宽怀

①Those who know to tolerate others can naturally lead a happy life.

那些懂得容忍他人的人自然可以生活得幸福。

②The school can't______________in exams. 学校绝不容许考试舞弊。

③I can't stand people __________________. 我不能容忍老有人打岔。

3 instant adj.立即的，立刻的

  n．[C](一般用单数)瞬间，片刻；某一时刻

(教材原句)You place the metal band over your head，clear your mind，press the sending button，think your message and the next instant it's sent.你把金属带放在头上，整理思路，按下发送按钮，然后想着你要发送的信息，刹那间信息就发出去了。

at that instant 当时，那一刻     for an instant 一会儿，片刻

in an instant＝instantly 立刻，马上   the instant＋从句＝instantly＋从句 一……就……

①Instant foods are more and more popular among people nowadays.

如今，速食方便食品越来越受到人们的欢迎。

②__________________，he took off his coat and jumped into the water. 他马上脱掉衣服跳进了水里。

③________________I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.

我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。

4 take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据；从事

(教材原句)I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.

我还是无法相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。

take sth back 撤销；收回(所说的话以示道歉)  take down 写下；拆除

take in 收留；吸收；欺骗      take off 脱掉；起飞；成名

take on 雇用；呈现；承担      take over 占据；接任；接替

①(2013·新课标·阅读理解B)They came to take up a challenge. 他们最终接受了挑战。

②When he left school he________journalism. 当他毕业后，就开始从事新闻工作。

③She ________________ at the point where she stopped just now. 她接着刚才停的地方继续讲这个故事。

写出下列句中take up的含义

④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing?

⑤Important people don't often have much free time as their work takes up all their time.

⑥After he retired from office，Royers took up painting for a while，but soon lost interest.

⑦She took up the story where Tim had left off.

5 lose sight of... 看不见……

(教材原句)However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.可是，当我们到达一个看上去像个大市场的地方时，由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。

(1)come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘   catch sight of... 望见；看到……

lose one's sight 失明

(2)at first sight 乍一看       at the sight of 看到

out of sight 看不到       in/within sight在视野内

①Only a short­sighted man will lose sight of  the importance of education.

只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要性。

② The children let out a cry of joy _____________ the Christmas presents.孩子们看到圣诞礼物后发出惊呼声。

③________________，out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。

6 speed up加速

at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速  at a speed of... 以……速度

with all speed 尽快地   reduce speed 减速   pick up speed 加速

①Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery.

  充足的新鲜空气和体育锻炼将加速他的康复。

②At the turning，the car____________________to our surprise.

  在拐弯处，使我们惊讶的是汽车竟然加速了。

③The police car is running ____________ 100 miles per hour to chase after the truck ahead of it.

  警车以每小时100英里的速度追赶前面那辆卡车。

[句 式 诠 释]

1 过去分词短语作状语

(教材原句)Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺少新鲜空气，我感到头痛。

过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，表示被动或完成。【点津】

①过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。

②过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。

③过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when，though，although，as if，as though，if，unless，until, once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。

(Once published＝Once it is published)，the dictionary will be very popular.

 一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。

①________________，I didn't notice what was happening outside.

  由于陷入沉思，我没注意到外面发生了什么事情。(原因)

②______________，I can also work out this problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。(条件)

③________________，we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other.

  虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。(让步)

④The old man got on the bus，________________.在一位姑娘的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。(方式)

2 形容词(或短语)作状语表伴随方式等

(教材原句)Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。

exhausted为形容词在句中作伴随状语。

①Cheerful，efficient and warm­hearted，they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.               他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上的旅程顺利、舒服。

②He spent seven days in the wind and snow，________________. 他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了7天。

③For a moment she just stood there，____________________.

   她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，简直不能相信刚才发生的事。

3 介词(或短语)在句首引导的倒装句

(教材原句)Inside was an exhibition of the most up­to­date inventions of the 31st century.

太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。

这是一个倒装句，an exhibition是主语，其后的of短语作定语，inside是表语。

【点津】

为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将表语或状语置于句首形成倒装(注意主谓一致)。

①Among these people is his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。

②South of the river__________________. 一个小型工厂坐落在这条河的南岸。

③In a lecture hall of a university in England______________. 在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。

精练

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．More and more high－rise buildings have been built in big cities________space.

A．in search of    B．in place of   C．for lack of    D．for fear of

2．—Did you recognize your former classmate whom you hadn't seen for many years at the party yesterday?

—Yes，I recognized him________I saw him.

A．frequently    B．constantly  C．quickly     D．instantly

3．Much to my surprise，she________ tears________she read the letter.

A．burst out；instant      B．burst into；the instant

C．burst out；instantly     D．burst into；instant

4．Some old people don't like pop music because they can't________so much noise.

A．concern     B．tolerate   C．undertake    D．ignore

5．Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them               through their winter sleep.

A．pack up    B．build up   C．bring up    D．take up

6．For miles around me there was nothing but a desert，without a single plant or tree________．

A．on earth     B．for instance   C．in sight     D．at place

7．The Internet is widely used，which________the development of English.

A．speeds up    B．takes over   C．gets across    D．turns to

8．________not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really               dangerous.

A．Being reminded    B．To remind   C．Having reminded    D．Reminded

9．After the long journey，the three of them went back home，________．

A．hungry and tiredly    B．hungry and tired 

C．hungrily and tiredly    D．hungrily and tired

10．In the dark forests________，some large enough to hold several English towns.

A．stand many lakes  B．lie many lakes C．many lakes lie  D．many lakes stand

II.完成句子

1．Many children in the mountain ous area didn't finish their schooling________．

很多山区的孩子因为缺钱而没有完成学业。(lack)

2．After he retired from office，Rogers________，but soon lost interest.

罗格退休后，他就从事一段时间绘画，但不久就失去了兴趣。(take up)

3．The man stood at the bank waving to his friends until he__________________．

那个男子站在河岸上跟他的朋友招手，直到他看不见他们的船只。

4．Crusoe stared at the footprint，________．克鲁索盯着脚印，心里充满了恐惧。

5．In front of the building________．大楼前面有三棵100年以上的松树。

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

Li Qiang couldn’t believe that he had traveled to the year AD 3008 1._______ a time capsule. Because this was his2. ________（one） time trip, he was worried and 3.________(settle) so that he suffered 4._________”time lag”. Besides, he was hit by the lack of fresh air. His guide, Wang Ping, who was very 5._________(understand), gave him some green tablets and a mask, which helped him 6._______(overcome) the problems. However, Li Qiang experienced something new. He flew 7.________ the ground in a hovering carriage.8. ________(arrive) home, he was shown into a large bright, clean room with a wall of trees. After eating something, he fell 9.________(sleep) in the bed that 10._________(produce) from the floor.

Ⅳ.故事续写（高考考纲样题）

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like you’ve got a problem, ” Arthur said.

“ I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”

 “Is there something I can do to help?” Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble, you could help me these suitcases into a taxi.”

“ No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”

The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.

It was from the bank. There had been a robbery(抢劫)！

Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and a passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened?” But everyone had a different answer.

Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.

She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “ Why is she looking at me like that?” He thought. “ The suitcase! She thinks I’m the bank thief!”

Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run.

注意：

1. 所叙写短文的词数应为150左右；

2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1:

Paragraph 2:

The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur…

Keys :

[词 汇 精 解]

[词 汇 精 解]

1　②lacks any sense of reality　③Though lacking money　④be lacking in

2　②tolerate cheating　③interrupting me all the time

3　②In an instant　③Instantly/The instant(that)/Immediately/The moment

4　②took up　③took up the story　④接受  ⑤占用　⑥从事　⑦继续

5　②at the sight of　③Out of sight

6　②should speed up　③at a speed of

[句 式 诠 释]

1　①Lost in thought　②Given another hour  ③Beaten by the opposite team　④supported by a girl

2　②cold and hungry　③unable to believe what had just happened

3　②lies a small factory　③sits a professor

[对 点 题 组]

Ⅰ.单项填空

1　C　[考查介词短语辨析。in search of“为了寻找”；in place of“取代；代替”；for lack of“由于缺乏”；for fear of“由于担心”。根据句意，可知C项正确。]

2　D　[frequently“频繁地”；constantly“不断地”；quickly“很快地”；instantly“立即，马上”。A、B、C选项均为副词。而D选项除了有副词词性外，还可引导句子，意为“一……就……”。根据句意，可知应选D。]

3　B　[句意：让我惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。burst into tears/burst out crying意为“突然哭起来”，由此可排除A、C；the instant或instantly表示“一……就……”，可引导时间状语从句。]

4　B　[考查动词辨析。句意：有些老人不喜欢流行音乐，因为他们难以忍受流行音乐的噪音。tolerate“忍受”，符合句意。]

5　B　[考查动词短语辨析。pack up打包，收拾行李；build up搭建，积累；bring up养育，抚养；take up占据，拿起。根据句意，“狗熊在夏秋两季积累自己的脂肪储备，好在冬眠时有充足的能量来度过冬季。”，知B项符合题意。]

6　C　[句意：我周围几英里范围内除了沙漠什么都没有，放眼望去甚至没有一棵植物或树。in sight在视野内。A项，究竟；在世界上；B项，例如；D项，不是固定用法 。]

7　A　[句意：因特网获得了广泛应用，这加速了英语的发展。A项，“加速”；B项，“接管”；C项，“理解”；D项，“转向，求助于”。]

8　D　[句意：尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，但一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。由于remind和some drivers之间是动宾关系，也就是说，司机是被提醒的，所以用过去分词表被动和完成。]

9　B　[句意：长途旅游后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。考查形容词作状语，表示伴随或结果。]

10　B　[句意：在黑暗的森林中有很多湖泊，有些大的能容纳下几座英国城市。介词短语置于句首时，句子采用倒装语序，表示“位于(地势低处)”时，用lie；stand“耸立，矗立”，表示“位于(地势高处)”。]

II.完成句子

1.because of lack of money   2．took up painting for a while

3．lost sight of the boat    4．full of fear

5．stand three old pine trees over 100 years

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

1.in 2. first 3. unsettled 4. from 5. understanding 6. overcome 7. above 8. Arriving 9. asleep10. was produced

Ⅳ.故事续写

【范文点拨】

原文所给关键词分类：

地点：Park Avenue, the bank

人物：The young man, people, the bank thief

事件：suitcases, in the back seat, loud noise of an alarm, robbery, the shouts

在续写时，除了注意原文给出的关键词，还需要注意以下线索：

1. Why did the young man look worried?

2. What happened? But everyone had a different answer.

3. Arthur became frightened and without another thought, he started to run.

One possible version：

    As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!” And also at the moment, Arthur suddenly realized that the young man might be the bank robber. So Arthur didn’t stop, but continued to run until he saw a taxi. He stopped it, jumped in with the suitcase and said to the driver, “Go to the police station, please. The man shouting behind is the bank thief!’’ The taxi raced away like the wind.

    The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur told the police what had happened. Obviously, the police had already learned about the robbery. They opened the suitcase and there was a large sum of money inside, as Arthur had expected. Then the police asked Arthur to describe the young man and the other suitcase. Later, with the information, the police caught the robber. The police and the bank both thanked Arthur a lot. (Words 153)

Another possible version：

    As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!”Thinking of the way the young man had behaved, he realized the young man might be the bank robber. So Arthur ran faster and stopped a taxi. The moment he got into the taxi, he told the driver the man shouting behind was the bank thief and asked him to drive to the nearest police station. The driver followed what Arthur said and drove away.

    The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur thanked the driver and directly went in. Just as Arthur was describing what had happened near the bank on the Park Avenue and reported the young man to the police, he heard a voice outside, “Help! Help!” To the surprise of Arthur, it was the young man. He had followed Arthur in another taxi. It turned out that the young man was innocent and inside the suitcases were just some clothes. Arthur felt embarrassed but the policemen thanked him anyway.(Words: 158)