(译林版)2019届高考英一轮复习练习：必修4 1 Unit 1知能演练轻松闯关(含解析)


课时练1　阅读理解提速练
阅读理解
A
(2018·吉林长春七校高三第一次联考)Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by U．S. Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)．
Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.
But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger’s idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.
So Goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick.
Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fifty­five years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。Joseph Goldberger医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。
1．Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger?
A．People in America.
B．People put into prison.
C．People having a poor diet.
D．People touching pellagra patients.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life...the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food.”，再结合Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在Joseph Goldberger看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。
2．What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．Pellagra wasn’t so terrible.
B．Pellagra didn’t spread.
C．Pellagra could be cured.
D．Pellagra wasn’t a medical problem.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知，Goldberger进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。
3．Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?
A．Devoted and determined.
B．Selfless and friendly.
C．Patient and expert.
D．Stubborn and enthusiastic.
A　解析：推理判断题。文中提到的Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可Goldberger的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选A。
B
(2018·湖北省武汉市调研测试)Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of computers, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code(代码) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit.
He attended Queen’s University in Canada, and transferred(转到) to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelor’s degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy physics.
First Company—Zip2 Corporation
In 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first company Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers. In 1999, Musk got $ 22 million from the sale of Zip2.
Online Banking
In 1999, Elon Musk started X．com with $ 10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. X. com was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a receiver’s e­mail address.
PayPal
In 2000, X. com bought a company called Confinity, which had started an Internet money­transfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on becoming a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought PayPal for $ 1.5 billion.
Space Exploration Technologies
In 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a long­standing member of the Mars Society, a non­profit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project.
Tesla Motors
In 2004, Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The company has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster.
SolarCity
In 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic(光电的) products and services company with his cousin Lyndon Rive.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了埃隆·马斯克的人生经历和伟大成就。
4．What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young?
A．Economics. B．Physics.
C．Energy. D．Coding.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，Musk是一位疯狂的电脑迷，十二岁时他就为自己的视频游戏写代码并获利了；据此可知，他小时候就有写代码的天赋，故D项正确。
5．Which of the following provides international payment transfer service?
A．X.com. B．Confinity.
C．PayPal. D．eBay.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据PayPal部分，尤其是该部分的第二句可知，PayPal提供国际转账支付服务，故C项正确。
6．What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musk’s project?
A．Sponsoring the Mars Society.
B．Developing rocket technologies.
C．Building a greenhouse on Mars.
D．Supporting the exploration of Mars.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据Space Exploration Technologies部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project.”可知，SpaceX一直在研究开发火箭技术，帮助Musk实现他的项目(目标)，故B项正确。
7．What is Tesla Motors noted for?
A．Its electric vehicles.
B．Its photovoltaic products.
C．Its service as a city tourist guide.
D．Its business with other companies.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据Tesla Motors部分，尤其是该部分的第二句可知，Tesla Motors是生产电动汽车的公司，故A项正确。
C
(2018·东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟)
Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy by Karen Foxlee
Type：Fantasy
Storyline：
When Ophelia moves to a strange city where it never stops snowing, she discovers a boy locked away for 75 years in a museum. She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world. Along the way, Ophelia learns how to believe in things she cannot see.
Targeted readers：
People who like fairy tales would enjoy this book.
A Hundred Horses by Sarah Lean
Type: Mystery
Storyline：
The wooden horse Nell brings along during her visits to her aunt and cousins is stolen by a girl named Angel. As Nell finds out Angel’s true identity, a bond grows between them and a group of 99 horses. Word has it that the 100th horse is magical. But where is it? Nell doesn’t know, but Angel might know.
Targeted readers：
Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.
How to Catch a Bogle by Catherine Jinks
Type: Fantasy
Storyline：
Birdie is an orphan who is good at trapping monsters with her singing voice. She is the only goblin(小妖精) hunter in the world. When kids go missing, it’s up to her to figure out why.
Targeted readers：
Anyone who is looking for monsters will take great pleasure in this book.
I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story by James Patterson and Chris Grabenstein
Type: Fiction
Storyline：
After a car accident Jamie loses his family, and then he moves in with his aunt, uncle and his cousin Stevie, whose basic aim is to trick Jamie. But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals. He was recently honored the Funniest Kid Comic of New York State.
Targeted readers：
This book would be great for anyone who is fond of humorous books.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书籍，提供了每本书的名称、作者、种类、故事情节和目标读者。
8．Which writer tells a story about a girl saving a boy?
A．Karen Foxlee.
B．Sarah Lean.
C．Catherine Jinks.
D．James Patterson and Chris Grabenstein.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据文章对第一本书的简介，尤其是第二句“She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world.”可知，在冰雪女王冰冻世界之前Ophelia必须帮助那个男孩逃离，故选A。
9．Nature lovers may take interest in________．
A．Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy
B．A Hundred Horses
C．How to Catch a Bogle
D．I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二本书对目标读者的描述“Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.”可知，喜欢动物和自然的孩子一定会发现这本书令人兴奋，故第二本书A Hundred Horses 符合要求，即B项正确。
10．Who went through life challenges without losing heart?
A．Ophelia. B．Nell.
C．Stevie. D．Jamie.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章对第四本书的简介中的“But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals.”可知，Jamie在失去父母寄居在亲戚家时依旧保持积极的态度，追求自己的梦想，故选D项。
11．In which section of a newspaper can we find such a passage?
A．Fashion. B．Literature.
C．Business. D．Local news.
B　解析：文章出处题。根据文章是对四本书的介绍可知，这篇文章可能来自报纸的文学版块，即B项正确。
D
(2018·广东佛山检测)Exposed soil isn’t part of nature’s master plan. Good examples where soil is naturally found with no plants growing in are beneath freshly removed trees, or where the ground has been burnt by a land fire. In these situations bare soil isn’t bare for long; within days seedlings(芽) begin to appear and cover the ground. In a few months’ time, the scar is hardly noticeable.
Unlike these natural examples, ploughed(耕犁) fields and freshly dug gardens are obvious examples created by man. But, left to nature, even these bare soils soon turn green with a large number of tiny seedlings. In fields, gardens and on grasslands, roadside and sports fields, along streets and on paths and pavements, we are constantly battling to stop weeds from growing. All we are doing is stop the recovering powers of nature.
Whenever soil is exposed, weeds act like a kind of medicine to reduce the potentially harmful rays of the sun, so the sooner plant growth covers the soil over again, the better.
Weeds also help to improve the fertility(肥沃) of the soil. Their roots get the soil together, improving its structure and creating a more stable environment in which soil life can grow fast. Those weeds with a deep root draw up plant nutrients from deeper in the ground, making them available to plants growing near the soil surface. Above ground, the stems(茎)of weeds help trap fallen leaves which break down into the soil, adding to the fertility of the soil.
As the soil becomes more fertile, different kinds of plants start to replace the “pioneering” weeds. Bushes move in to take the place by gradually shading them out, followed in turn by trees, which eventually push up through the bushes, finally shading them out too. Fallen leaves from the bushes and trees carry on the job of building soil fertility that was begun by those very first weeds that grew on the bare soil. Then, when one of these mature trees is removed in a storm，leaving a wound of bare soil in the earth, the whole process starts again.
【解题导语】　人们到处阻止杂草等植物的生长，然而，它们却有助于增加土壤的肥沃度。所以，土壤和植物之间是相互促进的关系。
12．When will soil be left bare?
A．A land fire has just happened.
B．A young tree is planted in.
C．No one ploughs the land.
D．No crops are planted in.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Exposed soil isn’t part of nature’s master plan. Good examples...where the ground has been burnt by a land fire.可知，刚被火烧过的土地被称作裸土。故选A项。
13．Which of the following prevents the bare soil from recovering?
A．Seedlings appearing in gardens.
B．Reducing harmful rays of the sun.
C．Removing weeds from pavements.
D．Replacing plants in sports fields.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，人们除掉路边杂草的行为就是在阻止裸土的恢复。故选C项。
14．What can weeds do for the soil?
A．They create soil life.
B．They help improve the soil.
C．They get nutrients from the sun.
D．They break down fallen leaves.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Weeds also help to improve the fertility(肥沃) of the soil.可知，杂草有助于提高土壤的肥沃度。
15．How can the soil remain fertile after trees move in?
A．By adding more weeds to the soil.
B．By taking out the weeds constantly.
C．By removing the previous bushes.
D．By making use of the fallen leaves.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Fallen leaves from the bushes and trees carry on the job of building soil fertility that was begun by those very first weeds that grew on the bare soil.可判断D项正确。
七选五
(2018·长沙模拟)With today’s stressful lifestyles, it’s important to have time that you spend doing something just for the fun of it. While there are many great hobbies to choose from, the hobbies here are particularly useful in relieving stress.
1．________
Whether you simply learn to take better pictures of your friends and family, or explore the world of creating true art, photography can be a great hobby. As you practice seeing the world through the eyes of a photographer, you may begin to see things differently.
Gardening
Gardening can be a great stress reliever for many reasons.2.________. In addition, it can also create more beautiful surroundings to come home for each day, and more.
Knitting
Aside from helping you create beautiful gifts for yourself and others, knitting provides you with an opportunity to relieve stress. The repetitive motion can get you into an experience of “flow”，or can at least provide an outlet for nervous energy.3.________．
Drawing
You can get in touch with your artistic side and use drawing as a way to process emotions.4.________. The end result will be something beautiful and personal that you can enjoy or share.
Playing the piano
5．________. While listening to music can probably be considered a hobby, creating music can be an even more powerful stress relieving hobby. Learning to play an instrument such as the piano can be a stress reliever for you as well as for those around you.
A．Laughing more, stressing less
B．Exploring photography
C．It can get you into the sunshine and fresh air
D．Music has many health and stress relief benefits
E．These suggestions can help you reduce tension in your body now
F．Gradually knitting may be making you better at your day job
G．Besides, it can distract you, and achieve other stress management benefits
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了几种可以缓解压力的爱好。
1．B　解析：根据本段中的“photography can be a great hobby” 可知，本段推荐的兴趣是摄影，所以选B项。
2．C　解析：根据本段标题 Gardening 及空后一句可推知，做园艺工作可以享受阳光，呼吸新鲜空气，故选C项。
3．F　解析：承接上文的“The repetitive motion can get you into an experience of ‘flow’，or can at least provide an outlet for nervous energy.”并结合本段标题 Knitting 可推知，编织会让人们工作得更好，所以选F项。
4．G　解析：根据下文的“The end result will be something beautiful and personal that you can enjoy or share.” 可推知， 画画可以转移注意力，调节压力，所以选G项。
5．D　解析：根据下文的“While listening to music can probably be considered a hobby, creating music can be an even more powerful stress relieving hobby.” 可知，音乐有利于健康，并有助于缓解压力，所以选D项。
课时练2　知识运用板块练
完形填空
(2018·长春普通高中高三质量监测)Honesty is always the best policy，especially when it comes to mental health problems. In a TV __1__，one girl gets very real about dealing with anxiety and panic.
“I was the best student in my high school. I put so much __2__ on myself，” she said. “I never __3__a class. But I got sick during 10th grade and I started to __4__. That was when the panic attacks began.” She goes on to describe what a panic attack __5__ like，“One day the teacher handed me my grade __6__，and I couldn’t breathe. My heart was beating very __7__. I felt disconnected. I saw people trying to talk to me but I couldn’t hear them. Afterwards，I was sent to __8__，” she shared.
It was then __9__ the attacks started happening __10__ daily，and they haven’t stopped. “Last year I started college. And I can’t be the best student here no matter how hard I try，” she said. “Everyone is so __11__. My panic attacks got so bad that I had to __12__ my first semester.”
However，now she is facing her anxiety，and things are getting better. “I used to try to hide __13__. I thought that __14__ nobody knew，it would not exist，” she said. “But the more I talk about my __15__，the more I realize that other people experience __16__ things. So I’m trying to express it more. I had a great teacher __17__ told me，‘Instead of letting anxiety keep you from doing your art，let it be the thing that __18__your art.’”
Recently，women all over the world took to Twitter to __19__ what anxiety is like. We are __20__ alone.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个女孩分享了她曾经的焦虑经历，后来，她勇敢面对焦虑，情况得以好转。作者借这个事例说明直面困难、坦陈问题往往是解决心理健康问题的良策。
1．A.project　　 B．program
C．platform　　 D．station
B　解析：根据“In a TV ______，one girl gets very real about dealing with anxiety and panic.”可知，在一个电视节目(program)中，一个女孩坦诚地分享了她克服焦虑和惊恐的经历，故B项正确。A项意为“项目”，C项意为“平台”，D项意为“站”，都与语境不符。
2．A.weight B．height　　
C．pressure D．measure
C　解析：根据前一句“I was the best student in my high school.”再结合该句“ I put so much ______ on myself”可知，该句是说，在学校里这个女孩是一位优等生，她自己给自己施加了很多压力。C项意为“压力”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“体重”，B项意为“身高”，D项意为“度量单位”，都与语境不符。
3．A.joined B．succeeded
C．failed D．attended
C　解析：根据上文，再结合该句“I never ______a class.”可知，这个女孩从没有考试不及格过；C项意为“不及格”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“加入”；B项意为“成功”；D项意为“参加”。
4．A.fall behind B．fall down
C．leave behind D．leave alone
A　解析：根据上下文可知，在十年级时这个女孩生病了，成绩开始落后；A项意为“落后”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“跌倒；失败”；C项意为“留下，遗留”；D项意为“不打扰”。
5．A.looks B．sounds
C．tastes D．feels
D　解析：根据空处前后句可知，这个女孩是在描述焦虑症发作时的感觉。feel like为固定搭配，意为“感觉像是……”，符合语境，故D项正确。
6．A.report B．survey
C．research D．notice
A　解析：根据该句中“One day the teacher handed me my grade ______，and I couldn’t breathe.”可知，老师将成绩单交给了这个女孩；表示“成绩单”用“grade report”，故A项正确。
7．A.mildly B．wildly
C．slowly D．severely
B　解析：根据后一句“I felt disconnected.”可以判断，这个女孩看到了她的成绩单后感觉无法呼吸，心脏疯狂地(wildly)跳动，故B项正确。A项意为“温和地”；C项意为“缓慢地”；D项意为“严格地”。
8．A.school B．work
C．hospital D．home
C　解析：参见上题解析并结合该句“Afterwards，I was sent to ______”可以判断，最后，这个女孩被送往医院。故C项正确。
9．A.when B．since
C．before D．that
D　解析：根据该句“It was then ______ the attacks started happening ______ daily，and they haven’t stopped.”可知，该句使用了强调句型，被强调的部分是then，故用that引导句中的其他部分，故D项正确。
10．A.still B．always
C．merely D．almost
D　解析：根据空处所在句可知，从那时起焦虑几乎每天发生，没有停止过。D项意为“几乎”，符合语境，故D项正确。
11．A.ambitious B．anxious
C．talented D．experienced
C　解析：根据空处前一句可知，在大学里，无论这个女孩怎么努力都无法成为最好的学生；结合该句“Everyone is so ______．”可知，每个人都有天赋；C项意为“有天赋的”，符合语境，故C项正确。
12．A.arrange B．perform
C．operate D．cancel
D　解析：根据该句“My panic attacks got so bad that I had to ______ my first semester.”可知，这个女孩的焦虑症变得如此严重，她不得不休学。D项意为“取消”，符合语境，故D项正确。
13．A.it B．them
C．me D．us
A　解析：根据空处前后句可知，空处指代前一句的“anxiety”，后一句中的“it would not exist”也是提示。故此处用it。
14．A.unless B．if
C．while D．as
B　解析：根据语境可知，空处引导条件状语从句，故此处用if。
15．A.confidence B．dream
C．issue D．desire
C　解析：根据上下文可知，空处是指这个女孩的焦虑问题。C项意为“问题”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“信心”；B项意为“梦想”；D项意为“渴望”。
16．A.similar B．familiar
C．various D．serious
A　解析：根据上下文可知，此处是指这个女孩对她的问题谈得越多，她就越意识到其他人也经历过相似的事情。文章的最后一段也是提示。故A项正确。
17．A.who B．whom
C．whose D．which
A　解析：分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为“a great teacher”，在从句中作主语，故用who引导该定语从句。
18．A.abandons B．quits
C．motivates D．protests
C　解析：根据语境可知，空处应用与“keep you from doing your art”意义相反的一个动词。C项意为“激励”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“停止”；D项意为“反对”。
19．A.advertise B．advise C．share D．compare
C　解析：根据该句“Recently，women all over the world took to Twitter to ______ what anxiety is like.”可知，最近，世界各地的女性都在推特上分享了焦虑的经历。C项意为“分享”，符合语境，故C项正确。
20．A.always B．sometimes
C．seldom D．never
D　解析：参见上题解析，再结合该句“We are ______ alone.”可知，焦虑者不是孤独的，故用否定词never。
语法填空
(2018·烟台诊断)The IMA Blood Bank 1.____________(set) up in 1995 with a goal that no needy patient should ever die due to lack 2.____________blood in Dehradun and its surrounding areas.
Deeply 3.____________(move) by the pain and suffering of a child who was being taken to Delhi with a bleeding leg wrapped in plastic bags, 4.____________(simple) because there was no blood bank in Dehradun, Dr.Dipak started a movement to create a blood bank by engaging(联合) with the local community.5.____________began as a small activity has taken the shape of an inspiring institution of international standards.Due to the huge voluntary support from the local people, the blood bank has enough blood to function round 6.____________clock to serve the local patients.
7．____________(help) more people in India, the IMA Blood Bank has also developed a team to educate the public about blood donation.They are trying to make people understand that donating blood is one of the highest 8.____________(form) of charity.It can be donated by almost any adult who is 9.____________(health)．It is safe to donate every three to six months because blood is recovered very quickly in the body.
Meanwhile, the media plays a major role in 10.____________(create) a higher level of awareness about blood donation.This will encourage more and more people to donate blood voluntarily.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了IMA血库建立的目的以及运转情况。
1．was set 　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，动词set与主语“The IMA Blood Bank”之间是被动关系；又因为时间状语是“in 1995”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故用was set。
2．of　解析：考查介词。此处是介词用于固定短语中，lack of sth.意为“缺少，缺乏”。故用of。
3．moved　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句型结构分析可知，动词move与句子的主语“Dr. Dipak”之间是被动关系，即Dr. Dipak被深深地感动了，所以用过去分词作状语，表示被动。故用moved。
4．simply　解析：考查词性转换。simple是形容词，意为“简单的”；simply是副词，意为“简单地，仅仅”。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰原因状语从句，意为“仅仅因为……”。故用simply。
5．What　解析：考查名词性从句。根据句型结构分析可知，“________began as a small activity”是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用what；又因为是句首，所以要注意首字母大写。故用What。
6．the　解析：考查冠词。此处是定冠词用于固定短语中，round the clock意为“日夜不停地”。故用the。
7．To help　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式置于句首，表示目的。故用To help。注意首字母大写。
8．forms　解析：考查名词复数。form是可数名词，意为“形式”。因为form前有“one of”修饰，所以要用复数形式。故用forms。
9．healthy　解析：考查词性转换。health是名词，意为“健康”；healthy是形容词，意为“健康的”。be 动词后接形容词作表语。故用healthy。
10．creating　解析：考查非谓语动词。create在此处作介词“in”后面的宾语，所以要用动名词的形式。故用creating。
课时练3　语法写作增分练
第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45分)　
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2018·惠州高三第一次调研考试)Recent months have seen a return of bikes across China. With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of 61.____________(drive) to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike­sharing programs has brought the trend to a new level.
The bikes 62.____________(equip) with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user.They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide 63.____________effective solution in places 64.____________ it’s difficult to change from one kind of transport to another. Bike­sharing is a 65.____________(green) method of transportation and 66.__________________
(provide) a more friendly experience.
However, the programs have also led to problems such as 67.____________(legal) parking, deliberate(蓄意的) damage and theft. To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people 68.____________(return) the bikes to stations 69.____________ rewarding free time for their next rides.Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems, too. For example, Mobike sets a 100­point credit score for each user, with 70.____________(point) taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, the bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5－1 yuan.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了共享单车在国内的兴起和发展情况。共享单车受到了大众的欢迎，但是也带来了很多问题。为了解决这些问题，经营共享单车的公司也采取了一些措施。
61．driving　解析：考查非谓语动词。越来越多的人选择骑自行车而不是开车到学校、工作场所或去观光。根据空前的介词 of 可知，空处应用动词­ing形式，故用driving。
62．are equipped　解析：考查时态和语态。这些自行车装配了GPS，可以被停在公共场合的任何地方留给下一个用户。此处是客观性描述，且The bikes和equip之间是被动关系，故填are equipped。
63．an　解析：考查冠词。该处指“一种有效的解决方法”，表示泛指；effective的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
64．where　解析：考查定语从句。它们受到许多中国人的欢迎，因为它们在难以从一种交通工具转变到另一种交通工具的地方提供了一种有效的解决办法。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，句中places 为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where 引导该定语从句。
65．greener　解析：考查形容词的比较级。共享单车是一种更绿色的交通方式。根据本句中的“more friendly”可知，本空应用比较级形式与之构成并列关系。故填greener。
66．provides　解析：考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语是Bike­sharing，且由本句中的“is”可知，空处应用动词provide 的单数形式，故填provides。
67．illegal　解析：考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处指非法停车。故填illegal，意为“非法的”。
68．to return　解析：考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to return。
69．by　解析： 考查介词。为了解决这些问题，公司提出了一种想法，通过奖励人们下一次免费骑车的时间，鼓励他们将自行车送回车站。根据语境可知，空处应用by表示方式。
70．points　解析：考查名词复数。摩拜公司为每个用户设置了100分的信用评分，如有不良行为就减分。point 在此处为可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故填points。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
　　 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2018·济南模拟)Studying in the UK have been a good experience for me.When I first arrived, I find life very hard as I didn’t know anybody here，but I soon got to know other Chinese student at the university.Later I became interesting in communicating with people from various cultures，and I made fewer friends.
During my study，I chose to live in with my classmates in the dormitory.I think it’s better than living in British family because I can meet people from different countries easy.The courses here are excellent. I enjoy the way the teachers give lessons.We are encouraged to think for yourselves，which is quite different from that I have experienced before.
答案：
Studying in the UK been a good experience for me.When I first arrived，I life very hard as I didn’t know anybody here，but I soon got to know other Chinese at the university.Later I became in communicating with people from various cultures，and I made friends.
During my study，I chose to live with my classmates in the dormitory.I think it’s better than living in British family because I can meet people from different countries .The courses here are excellent. I enjoy the way the teachers give lessons.We are encouraged to think for ，which is quite different from I have experienced before.
第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
(2018·日照模拟)假如你是在英国学习的交换生李华，住在同学Peter家里。你上周网购的联想(Lenovo)笔记本电脑将于本周日到货，但你因陪同父母到伦敦旅游不能按时返回取货，请你给Peter写一封电子邮件，让他帮忙代收并验货。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Peter，
I think I need your help. Last Friday I placed an order for a laptop online, and it is estimated to arrive to your address this Sunday. But you know I’m out with my parents, and we are going for a trip to London this weekend. So I’m writing to let you know that it’s not convenient for me to go back to receive the laptop at home. Can you do me the favor, please?
It’s a Lenovo laptop made in China. Please give it a careful checkup and make sure the package is well preserved and the machine operates well. Don’t hesitate to contact me if you find any damage. Thank you very much.
Yours，
Li Hua