(译林版)2019届高考英一轮复习练习：必修4 2 Unit 2知能演练轻松闯关(含解析)


课时练1　阅读理解提速练
阅读理解
A
(2018·云南高三检测一)My doorbell rings at 11 a．m. On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady. She is small and slight. She holds a paper carrier bag in her hands.
I know this lady. It is by no means her first visit. Her daughter, Nicole, bought the house next door last October.Nicole, who is currently in Shanghai, has apparently told her mother that I am having heart surgery shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided I need to be supplied with meals.
I know what is inside the paper carrier bag—a stainless steel container with a meal of rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat or shrimp. This has become an almost­daily occurrence.
Communication between my benefactor(恩人) and me is somewhat handicapped by the fact that she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Mandarin is “ hello”. Once, she brought an iPad and pointed to the screen, which displayed a message from Nicole telling me that her mother wanted to know if the food was all right.
“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time，” I protested. “ I can hardly reciprocate by cooking something from my native land, like roast beef or Yorkshire pudding for her, ”I said.
“Oh, no，” Nicole said. “Don’t worry about that. She has to cook for the family anyway, and she wants to do it for you. You can call her Wing, which is her surname.”
The tenant in my basement suite is a university student who speaks Mandarin quite well, so with her help, I have found out that Wing is 68—13 years younger than I am. For my part, I was raised in wartime Britain.
So here we are, two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised, neither of us able to speak the other’s language. But the doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar paper carrier bag, handed smilingly to me by Wing.
Right now I am working on some more Mandarin words—it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness.
“Thank you” is, of course, the first one, which somehow seems inadequate.
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。
1. The author and Wing got to know each other________．
A．as next door neighbors
B．when exchanging meals
C．by sharing similar experiences
D．after using an iPad to communicate
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“I know this lady...Her daughter，Nicole，bought the house next door last October.”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。
2．The underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”．
A．do as well　　　　　　　
B．offer generously
C．give in return
D．accept with pleasure
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time”可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。
3．The author’s effort to learn Mandarin shows her________．
A．great satisfaction
B．real kindness
C．heartfelt thanks
D．sincere friendship
C　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness”可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满意”；B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。
B
(2018·甘肃重点中学协作体高三第一次联考)In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老) treated the message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.
Shades of that spirit spread over today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light­heartedly out of the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh boy, a bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’s going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, but for his smile.
Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus. As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, “Oh, that bus left five minutes ago.” Dreams of head­cutting!
It’s not the news that makes someone angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s delivered(传递). Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and big winners do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising his patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he fails to get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.
Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you’re tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn’t ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toasted beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as a traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.
Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning. Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, “Oh，that’s all right. I’ll catch the next one.” Big winners, when they bear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded(被轰炸的) person is sure to have.
【解题导语】　本文主要讲述当我们要告诉别人不好的消息的时候，要注意说话的方式和语气，还要带有同情心。
4．From “Dreams of head­cutting！”(Paragraph 3), we learn that the writer________．
A．was reminded of the cruel pharaoh
B．was mad at the sales agent
C．wished that the sales agent would have bad dreams
D．dreamed of cutting the sales agent’s head that night
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的描述可知，“我”对售票员的态度很恼火。
5．Which of the following is true?
A．The author really appreciated the neighbor’s warning.
B．From the passage we know that it is the bad news that makes someone angry.
C．If the runner brought to the pharaoh unhappy news, he would be treated like a prince.
D．When we want to deliver any bad news, we should share the feeling of the receiver.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.”可知，当告诉别人不好的消息的时候，应该带有同情心，应该分担消息接收者不好的感觉。
6．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Receiving bad news requires great courage.
B．Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.
C．Delivering bad news with sympathy is important in communication.
D．Learning ancient traditions can be useful.
C　解析：主旨大意题。本文主要告诉我们当我们告诉别人不好的消息的时候，要注意讲话的方式和态度，应该带有同情心，分担别人的忧愁。
7．In the writer’s opinion, his neighbor was________．
A．not helpful
B．not considerate
C．friendly
D．warm­hearted
B　解析：推理判断题。第二段中的“As we walked light­heartedly out of the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said...I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches.”以及最后一段中的“Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning.”可知，“我”认为邻居没有同情心，不能为别人考虑。故选B项。
C
(2018·山西太原高三模拟) At 39 weeks pregnant most women would only be thinking of racing to hospital.But not Amber Miller, who set off to run the Chicago Marathon while expecting her second child any day.　
As she neared the final stage of the race, she began to feel pain in the stomach.But the determined athlete managed to cross the finish line in 6 hours and 25 minutes.
Unbelievably the Chicago race was not even baby June’s first marathon—Miller ran the Wisconsin Marathon earlier this year, four months pregnant.She also ran another marathon when she was about four months pregnant with her son, Caleb.
Although there was extra weight, the seasoned runner’s time was just 3 hours off her personal best.
Miller began to feel pain near the end of the race, but she was not sure if it was labor(分娩), because she typically feels some pain when she runs while pregnant.After her race her husband drove her to Central DuPage Hospital in Winfield where she gave birth to the healthy 7 pounds, 13 ounce baby.
Miller decided to run because she and her husband had already signed up for the race.The athletic mother said she experienced an enthusiastic welcome from crowds as she ran along.But the devoted runner, who had completed eight marathons, admitted that she did get a few strange looks along the course.
“I know what I can handle.This is something I’ve been doing for a long time，” the experienced marathon runner said.
June was born at 10：29 p．m.on Sunday night after seven hours’ labor.“She’s absolutely perfect，” Miller said.“We are extremely happy, but very tired.”
After her surprising double achievement, Miller says she is planning to take some time off to concentrate on being a fulltime mom.
【解题导语】　本文讲述了在芝加哥马拉松赛上，Amber Miller已怀孕39周，但她坚持用6个小时25分钟完成了马拉松赛并在当晚产下了小女儿June。
8．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Miller failed to finish the race due to her labor.
B．Miller’s husband was against her running the race.
C．Miller knew she was going to give birth at the end of the race.
D．It wasn’t Miller’s first time to run a marathon while pregnant.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，这并非Miller第一次以孕妇之身参加马拉松比赛。年初，已经怀孕4个月的她参加了威斯康星州马拉松比赛。此外，在怀着第一个孩子Caleb的时候，她也参加过马拉松比赛。故选D。
9．What is the name of Miller’s kid born right after the Chicago Marathon?
A．Caleb. B．June.
C．Amber. D．Wisconsin.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句及倒数第二段中的“June was born at 10：29 p．m.on Sunday night after seven hours’ labor.”可知，芝加哥马拉松比赛结束后，Miller的小女儿June诞生了。故选B。
10．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．People have different attitudes to Miller’s action.
B．Miller will soon return for her favorite marathons.
C．The baby was in danger at birth because of the race.
D．Miller’s personal best in marathons was over 6 hours.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“The athletic mother said she experienced an enthusiastic welcome from crowds as she ran along.But the devoted runner, who had completed eight marathons, admitted that she did get a few strange looks along the course.”可知，人们对Miller怀孕仍坚持跑马拉松比赛有着不同的态度。故选A。
11．What is the best title of the passage?
A．A Young American Couple Loving Marathons
B．How to Finish the Latest Chicago Marathon
C．How to Train a Pregnant Woman for Marathons
D．A Pregnant Woman Giving Birth After a Marathon
D　解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述了在芝加哥马拉松赛上，Amber Miller已怀孕39周，但她坚持用6个小时25分钟完成了马拉松赛并在当晚产下了小女儿。故选D。
D
(2018·东北三省四市模拟) The following simple exercise routine works as well as prescription medication(处方药) without side effects.
A jog a day could keep your headaches at bay: regular cardio workouts(有氧锻炼) may prevent migraines(偏头痛), a growing body of research suggests.
Migraine patients had fewer headaches after doing 40­minute cycling workouts three times a week for three months, according to a Swedish study.
The exercise routine worked just as well as one of the top migraine­preventing drugs—topamirate—but without side effects of depression and tremors(颤抖)．
“Cardio workouts can help with regular headaches, too，” says Alexander Mauskop, M．D., director of the New York Headache Center in Manhattan.
There are a couple of theories on how it works.
“Breaking a sweat may relieve stress，” says Dr.Mauskop.Headaches are often triggered by stress, and if you remove the trigger, you release the pain.
The feel­good chemicals produced when you exercise actually block your pain sensors, acting as a natural painkiller.
Since headaches can be caused by many different factors like genetics(遗传), lack of sleep, or certain foods, the cardio workout won’t be the solution for everyone, Dr.Mauskop says.But one German study found that it helped 65 percent of patients, which made it as effective as the best medicines on the market.
Dr.Mauskop recommends his patients do a half­hour reasonable intensity(强度) cardio workout, like jogging, biking, or swimming three times a week.These workouts are meant to be slow and steady, as opposed to high­intensity intervals that alternate between all­out runs and rest.
Pushing yourself too much or increasing the intensity too quickly can trigger headaches in some people, so make sure your heart rate doesn’t jump above 150 BPM.If you don’t have a heart rate monitor, then breathe only through your nose.You’ll know you’re going too hard if you can’t keep up that breathing pattern.
Your migraines could start disappearing in a couple of weeks, Dr.Mauskop says.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇研究报告。研究人员发现，有氧锻炼也许能治疗偏头痛。
12．According to the passage, the author may agree that ________．
A．jogging, swimming and fishing are cardio workouts
B．neither cardio workouts nor topamirate has side effects
C．migraine patients may be cured by regular cardio workouts
D．cardio workouts will be the solution for everyone with migraines
C　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Dr.Mauskop recommends his patients do a half­hour reasonable intensity(强度) cardio workout, like jogging, biking, or swimming three times a week.”可知，A项错误；根据第二、四段的内容可知，B项错误，C项正确；根据倒数第四段中的“the cardio workout won’t be the solution for everyone”可知，D项错误。
13．The underlined word “triggered” in Paragraph 7 can be replaced by “________”．
A．cured B．released
C．caused D．monitored
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据上文的“Breaking a sweat may relieve stress”和画线词后的“by stress”可知，头疼往往是由压力引起的。由此可知画线词意为“引起”。故选C。
14．The feel­good chemicals produced can help regular headaches because ________．
A．they ease stress
B．they help break a sweat
C．they prevent migraines
D．they block your pain sensors
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第八段中的“The feel­good chemicals produced when you exercise actually block your pain sensors”可知，选D。
15．What would be the best title?
A．A Cure for Headaches
B．Side Effects of Migraines
C．The Causes of Headaches
D．Advantages of Cardio Workouts
A　解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述了治疗偏头痛的好办法——进行有氧运动。故选A。
七选五
(2018·成都高三摸底测试)Traveling alone gives you the freedom to create your own schedule and do as you please. 1.________For example，a travel partner can provide practical support and share in the rewards of first­hand experience with unfamiliar locations and cultures.Here are several tips to find a travel partner who will improve your journey.
2．________Traveling should be fun.When you are on a trip，you will want to do lots of activities that you enjoy.Preferably，your companion will want to do the same things as you.
Discuss financial plans.Before you travel，you should plan a budget. 3.________You don’t want to be planning an expensive getaway at the same time your friend is looking for budget travel.
Have an honest conversation.If you are thinking about traveling with a companion，take some time to have an open discussion.Schedule a time to sit down and talk.Try saying，“I know we’ve talked about the idea of traveling through Europe together.Let’s have a coffee this week and actually talk that through.” 4.________You should also talk about your travel style.
Find someone who is flexible.Choose a travel partner who can adjust. 5.________Maybe it will rain on the day you planned to visit the Grand Canyon.Or you might not be able to get reservations at that French restaurant you’ve been dying to try.
A．Look for someone with common interests.
B．You should discuss your goals for the trip.
C．Travel with a friend who is pretty easygoing.
D．But traveling with a partner has its benefits，too.
E．Make sure that you are on the same page concerning money.
F．Try to meet your new travel partner in person before your trip.
G．No matter how carefully you plan your trip，it is likely that something will go wrong.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何找到一个很好的旅伴。
1．D　解析：根据空后句子“For example，a travel partner can provide practical support and share in the rewards of first­hand experience”可知，空处谈论的是和旅伴一起旅行有关的，而空前讲述的是独自旅行，上下文之间存在转折关系。所以D选项正确。
2．A　解析：根据空处所在位置可知，此处为段落主题句。根据本段最后一句可知，最好和你的旅伴有共同的兴趣，所以A选项正确。
3．E　解析：根据本段中的关键词“financial plans”、“plan a budget”和“budget travel”可知，选项E中的“on the same page concerning money”与此内容相呼应，所以选E。
4．B　解析：根据本段主题句“进行诚实的谈话”可知，此段的核心话题是“谈话”；又根据空后的“You should also talk about your travel style.”可知，你还需要和你的旅伴讨论你们的旅行方式。选项B中的关键词“discuss your goals”与此呼应，所以选B。
5．G　解析：本段主题句是“找到一个头脑灵活的旅伴”。根据空后的例子可知，在旅行中会突然出现意想不到的事情。G选项中的“carefully you plan your trip”和“go wrong”与此照应，所以选G。
课时练2　知识运用板块练
完形填空
(2018·湖北部分重点中学高三起点考试)From childhood，Moira loved to write. Throughout school she __1__ writing, but pursuing(追求) it __2__ was never a possibility. Her father was a doctor, her mother a nurse.“Medicine was a fairly __3__ option，” Moira says. “And writing was a career where it wasn’t a __4__ that you’d have high income.”
She became a doctor but still wanted to do some writing. However, being a doctor was so __5__ that she didn’t take up writing until her thirties. She __6__ a novel—a fictionalized version of her travels in China after university. She got excellent __7__. Moira sent it off to as many agents as she could find, and found one who wanted to __8__ her. Suddenly, it seemed she was on her __9__ as an author.
“I had one lengthy phone call with the agent where we __10__ all possible areas she thought needed __11__．I worked on those and sent it back to her but didn’t hear anything.” It was not long __12__ Moira found another agent who was __13__ if she was willing to rewrite it from the first person to the third person. She did the hard work and sent it off again. “I got back a really brief letter：‘Thank you, I’m no longer interested.’ It was really __14__．”
A decade went by, and Moira found herself eager to write again, this time __15__ for her own enjoyment. She __16__ herself the challenge of creating a thriller and chose Western Australia as her setting.
As she was writing just for herself, something surprising began to happen. “The characters __17__ a life of their own; they started doing things I hadn’t thought about. It just __18__ out.” One day, an agent called from Australia. Three weeks later, Moira had a publication deal. Her novel, Cicada, was published in March.
“__19__ it hadn’t been published I still gained so much from the __20__，” says Moira.
【解题导语】　本文通过Moira爱好写作并坚持写作的故事告诉我们：每个人都要为实现自己的梦想而去努力尝试，只有经历过才能够有所得，在追求的过程中不要过于担心结果，只有这样才能成功。
1．A.learnt B．avoided
C．considered D．enjoyed
D　解析：根据首句“From childhood，Moira loved to write.”可知，从童年开始，Moira就爱好写作；由此推断，在上学期间，她仍然喜欢(enjoyed)写作。
2．A.actively B．professionally
C．energetically D．permanently
B　解析：根据生活常识及该句中的关键词“never a possibility”可知，把写作当作职业来追求几乎是不可能的。actively“积极地”；professionally“作为职业地”；energetically“精力充沛地”；permanently“永久地”。
3．A.influential B．explicit
C．terrible D．safe
D　解析：根据空处前一句“Her father was a doctor，her mother a nurse.”可知，她的父母会给予她医学方面很多的帮助，所以Moira认为医学是一个十分安全的(safe)选择。
4．A.dream B．purpose
C．choice D．certainty
D　解析：根据空后的“you’d have high income”可知，Moira也认为写作是一个不一定能带来高收入的职业。certainty“确定的事”，符合语境，所以选项D正确。
5．A.promising B．discouraging
C．demanding D．interesting
C　解析：根据空后的“she didn’t take up writing until her thirties”可知，医生是一个要求很高的职业，因此她直到三十多岁才开始写作。promising“有希望的，有前途的”；discouraging“使人泄气的”；demanding“苛刻的，要求高的”；interesting“有趣的”。所以选项C正确。
6．A.produced B．introduced
C．bought D．received
A　解析：根据语境可知，她以大学毕业后在中国的旅游经历为背景创作了一本小说。produce“创作，生产，产生”；introduce“介绍”；buy“买”；receive“收到”。所以选项A正确。
7．A.rewards B．readers
C．reviews D．praises
C　解析：根据该段最后一句“Suddenly，it seemed she was on her________as an author.”可以判断，这部小说写出来后，她得到了极好的评论。reward“报酬”；reader“读者”；review“评论”；praise“赞扬”。所以选项C正确。
8．A.employ B．represent
C．trust D．guide
B　解析：根据语境可知，在众多的代理人中有一个人愿意代理出版这本小说。employ“雇用，使用”；represent“代表，代理”；trust“信任”；guide“指导”。所以选项B正确。
9．A.own B．feet
C．way D．business
C　解析：根据语境可知，她似乎突然就要成为作家了。on one’s way“即将到达或发生”，所以选项C正确。
10．A.took off B．went through
C．pulled down D．came over
B　解析：根据语境可知，Moira在电话中与代理人就小说中所有代理人认为需要润色(polishing)的地方进行了仔细琢磨(went through)。take off“脱下，起飞”；go through“仔细察看，仔细琢磨”；pull down“拆毁，推翻”；come over“过来，来访”。所以选项B正确。
11．A.deleting B．adapting
C．polishing D．covering
C　解析：参见上题解析。delete“删除”；adapt“适应，改编”；polish“修改，润色”；cover“覆盖，报道”。所以选项C正确。
12．A.before B．after
C．since D．when
A　解析：根据上文中的“sent it back to her but didn’t hear anything”可知，Moira重新把小说发给代理人但是没有收到任何回复，不久之后Moira找到了另外一个代理人。句型It wasn’t long before...意思是“不久之后……”。所以选项A正确。
13．A.fascinated B．interested
C．anxious D．amused
B　解析：根据下文中的“I’m no longer interested”可知，此处指这位代理人对她的书感兴趣。fascinated“入迷的”；interested“感兴趣的”；anxious“焦急的，忧虑的”；amused“逗笑的”。所以选项B正确。
14．A.common B．absurd
C．terrifying D．disappointing
D　解析：从两位代理人的态度可知，Moira这两次都以失败告终，所以这件事情肯定令她感到失望。common“共同的”；absurd“荒谬的”；terrifying“令人恐惧的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。所以选项D正确。
15．A.purely B．wonderfully
C．instantly D．sadly
A　解析：根据该句中的“found herself eager to write again...own enjoyment”可知，她发现自己渴望再次写作，而这次写作仅仅(purely)是为了个人乐趣。purely“仅仅，纯粹地”；wonderfully“非常好，非常”；instantly“立即”；sadly“悲伤地”。所以选项A正确。
16．A.set B．found
C．made D．permitted
A　解析：根据语境可知，Moira向自己提出(set)了一个挑战，写一部惊险小说。find“发现”；permit“允许，许可”。所以选项A正确。
17．A.put up B．took on
C．went over D．got down
B　解析：根据该句“The characters________a life of their own；they started doing things I hadn’t thought about.”可知，小说中的人物开始具有(took on)他们自己的生活。put up“建造，张贴”；take on“开始具有(某种特征、面貌等)”；go over“仔细检查”；get down“下来，取下”。所以选项B正确。
18．A.flew B．brought
C．broke D．carried
A　解析：根据下文可知，Moira的书得到了一位澳大利亚代理人的关注并顺利出版；据此可以推断，这部小说成功了。所以选项A正确。
19．A.Ever since B．As if
C．If only D．Even if
D　解析：根据语境可推断出，即使(Even if)这部小说没有出版，Moira仍然在这个过程(process)中得到许多。ever since“自从”；as if“好像，似乎”；if only“要是……就好了”；even if“即使，尽管”。所以选项D正确。
20．A.adventure B．practice
C．process D．result
C　解析：参见上题解析。adventure“冒险”；practice“实践”；process“过程”。所以选项C正确。
语法填空
(2018·青海西宁第一次联考)Everyone seems 1.____________(have) his or her own holiday.Dad has Father’s Day.Mom has Mother’s Day.Children have Children’s Day.Lovers have Valentine’s Day.But is there a special day 2.____________ older people?
Of course.The Chongyang Festival is the holiday 3.____________ Chinese people show love for their elders.4.____________(celebrate) on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the festival is also known as the Double Ninth Festival.Nine is the 5.____________(high) digit(数字), so it 6.____________(regard) that the two together mean a long life.
The festival comes during 7.____________ golden time of autumn.The clear weather and the joy of harvest make for a happy atmosphere.On the day, people 8.____________(traditional) climb a mountain and carry dogwood(茱萸)．People in ancient times 9.____________(believe) that the plant could drive away evil 10.____________(spirit) and prevent people against cold in winter.
【解题导语】　本文是说明文， 简单地介绍了中国的传统节日——重阳节。
1．to have　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指每个人似乎都有自己的节日。seem后接动词不定式作宾语。
2．for　解析：考查介词。此处表示老人的节日， 强调“对象”， 故用介词for。
3．when　解析：考查定语从句。重阳节是中国人向年长的人表达关爱的节日。分析句子结构可知， 空处引导定语从句， 先行词是表示时间的holiday, 且空处在从句中作时间状语， 故用when。
4. Celebrated　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， celebrate与其逻辑主语the festival之间是被动关系， 故用过去分词作状语。
5．highest　解析：考查形容词最高级。“9”被认为是最大的个位数字。根据空前的“the”可知， 此处应用high的最高级形式。
6．is regarded　解析：考查时态和语态。人们认为两个“9”意味着长寿。根据上下文可知此处用一般现在时， 且it与regard之间是被动关系， 故用一般现在时的被动语态。
7．the　解析：考查冠词。此处指秋天的黄金时期， 是特指， 故用定冠词the。
8．traditionally　解析：考查副词。所填词修饰整个句子， 故要用副词形式。traditionally“传统地”。
9．believed　解析：考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“in ancient times”可知此处要用一般过去时。
10．spirits　解析：考查名词复数。spirit在这里表示“幽灵， 鬼魂”， 是可数名词， 故用复数形式。
课时练3　语法写作增分练
第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45分)　
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2018·广州综合检测)Each week New York­based hairstylist Mark Bustos tries to make a small difference in people’s lives 61.____________ giving haircuts to homeless people.
During the week, Mark works in his high­class salon, but each Sunday, he walks around the city asking people 62.____________ they’d like a haircut.He then gives them a stylish haircut—63.____________ same kind he would give to any paying customer, except these are done for free for those who are homeless or cannot afford a haircut 64.____________ (them)．
Mark’s work began in 2012 when visiting family in the Philippines.Instead of just 65.____________ (take) a typical, relaxing vacation, he decided to give poor local children haircuts.“I felt so happy doing it that I’ve continued since returning，” Mark explains.
Changing someone’s appearance can have a huge impact on their life.Remember the homeless retired soldier who received a make­over? He found a job, 66.____________ (rent) a house and quit drinking alcohol afterwards.67.____________ (simple) changing how a person looks can give them a huge increase in 68.____________ (confident)．
Mark Bustos proves that there are many ways 69.____________ (give)，and that you can easily use your 70.____________(person) abilities to make a difference in somebody’s life.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了发型师Mark Bustos通过给无家可归的人理发来改变他们的外貌，从而使他们增加自信心、努力改变生活的故事。
61．by　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，发型师通过给无家可归的人理发，试图给他们的生活来个小小的变化。by＋v.­ing意为“通过……”，作方式状语。故填by。
62．whether/if　解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，Mark周一至周五在高级美发厅上班，每个周日就在市区到处走走，问人们是否需要理发。whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。故填whether/if。
63．the　解析：考查冠词。the same意为“同样的”，为固定用法。故填定冠词the。
64．themselves　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处指自己负担不起理发费用的人，因此应用所给词的反身代词。故填themselves。
65．taking　解析：考查非谓语动词。instead of意为“而不是”，其后接动名词形式，作“of”的宾语。故填taking。
66．rented　解析：考查动词的时态。根据“and”连接并列成分可知，此处应与其他两个谓语动词“found”和“quit”时态一致，应用一般过去时。故填rented。
67．Simply　解析：考查词性转换。空格处修饰分词短语“changing how a person looks”，应用副词。故填Simply。注意首字母大写。
68．confidence　解析：考查词性转换。此处指改变发型能让他们信心大增，介词“in”后应接名词形式。故填confidence。
69．to give　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作“many ways”的后置定语。故填to give。
70．personal　解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰名词“abilities”，应用所给词的形容词形式作定语。故填personal。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
　　 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Jack，
How are you?
I’m writing to ask for your help. As you know it, English reading is difficult for foreign language learners and it takes time. Many students in our class are weak on English reading comprehension. Although I have tried every means improve it, like expanding my vocabulary and do a large number of exercises, so far all my efforts have ended up in failure. To make things bad, reading will make up a higher percentage this year than ever before in the coming College Entrance Examination. Now with the important exam drew near, I feel more and more stressing and worried. It will ruin my college dream unless I do not take action.
I’ll appreciate it very much if you can give me some advices on how to improve my reading ability effective. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Jack，
How are you?
I’m writing to ask for your help. As you know ， English reading is difficult for foreign language learners and it takes time. Many students in our class are weak English reading comprehension. Although I have tried every means improve it, like expanding my vocabulary and a large number of exercises, so far all my efforts have ended up in failure. To make things ， reading will make up a higher percentage this year than ever before in the coming College Entrance Examination. Now with the important exam near, I feel more and more and worried. It will ruin my college dream I do not take action.
I’ll appreciate it very much if you can give me some on how to improve my reading ability . I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
(2018·河北衡水中学期末)假如你是李华，今年寒假你将参加“英国名校两周游”冬令营，你计划2月份在伦敦逗留三天(2月13－15日)，住在Wellington Hotel。你想与去年你们家接待过的来自英国的学生Charlie见面，请你给他写一封邮件，简单介绍伦敦的行程；希望见面并商量见面时间和地点。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Charlie，
How time flies！It has been almost a year since your last visit.____________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Charlie，
How__time__flies！It__has__been__almost__a__year__since__your__last__visit.How is everything going with you and your family? My parents and I miss you very much.
This winter vacation, I will join a two­week camp to visit some of the famous universities in the UK.It is scheduled that we will stay in London from February 13th to 15th.We are planning to have a tour of London on the first two days, when we will visit some popular tourist attractions such as the Tower of London, Westminster Abby and Buckingham Palace and so on.
I want to see you very much.I am wondering if we could make it on the afternoon of February 14th at Wellington Hotel，where we will be staying.We won’t have any planned activities then.Please let me know if it is convenient for you.
Looking__forward__to__your__reply.
Yours，
Li__Hua